Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations

^Pr^ep^ar^{ed f}^o^r^M^e^m^b^ers^an^d^Com^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^C^ong^r^e^ss

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) serves as the
cornerstone for the United States’ foreign assistance policies and programs. Written, passed, and
signed into law at what some consider the height of the Cold War, the Act is seen by some today ^th
as anachronistic. Ironically, when President Kennedy urged the 87 Congress to enact foreign aid
legislation that would exemplify and advance the national interests and security strategies of the
United States post-World War II, he described the existing foreign aid mechanisms as
bureaucratic, fragmented, awkward, and slow. Some have used the same language today, nearly

50 years later, to characterize the legislation he promoted.

There are indications that the 111^th Congress may visit the issue of amending the current body of
law that comprises foreign aid policy, starting with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. This
report presents the executive branch authorities of that Act, and correlates those authorities with
the operative appropriations measure (P.L. 110-161, as continued by P.L. 110-329) that funds
those authorities. For many years, annual foreign aid appropriations measures have waived the
requirement that funds must be authorized before they are appropriated and expended.
Understanding the relation between the authorities in the cornerstone Act and the appropriations
is key to any consideration of reforming foreign aid legislation.

Backgr ound ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Other Authorizations.................................................................................................................2
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorities and Appropriations...................................................4
Authorization............................................................................................................................. 4
Appropriation ............................................................................................................................ 5
Table 1. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as enacted (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.;
75 Stat. 424).................................................................................................................................1
Table 2. Selected Other Authorizations...........................................................................................3
Table 3. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended: Authorizations and Corresponding
Appropriations in Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Act, 2008.............................................................................................................6
Author Contact Information..........................................................................................................27

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), enacted at the behest
of President Kennedy, sought to organize and implement U.S. foreign assistance programs with a
commitment to long-range economic assistance to the developing world. The President, in a
“Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Aid,” delivered March 22, 1961, described the U.S.
foreign aid programs emerging from World War II as
^[b]u^reau^craticall^y^f^r^agm^eⁿ^t^ed^{, a}^w^kw^{ard an}^{d s}^l^o^w^{, it}^s^ad^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^rationⁱ^s^diff^us^{ed ov}^{er a}
^h^a^ph^{azard an}^{d irration}^a^{l s}^t^ructu^r^{e cov}^e^ring^at^lea^s^t^f^o^u^r^departm^eⁿ^t^s^an^{d s}^e^v^e^{ral oth}^e^r
^ag^en^cie^s^{. T}^h^{e prog}^ramⁱ^s^bas^e^{d on}^{a s}^e^ries^of^legⁱ^s^l^ati^v^e^m^eas^u^r^es^aⁿ^{d ad}^mⁱ^nis^t^rati^v^e
^procedu^r^es^con^ceiv^e^{d at diff}^e^r^en^{t ti}^m^e^s^aⁿ^{d f}^o^{r diff}^eren^{t p}^u^rpos^es^,^m^a^ny^o^f^t^h^e^mⁿ^o^w
^o^b^s^o^l^e^t^e^,ⁱⁿ^c^o^nsi^s^t^e^nt^aⁿ^d^und^ul^y^rⁱ^gi^d^aⁿ^d^t^h^{us u}ⁿ^s^uⁱ^t^e^d^fo^r^o^u^r^pres^en^tⁿ^eeds^an^d^pu^rpos^es.¹
^I^t^s^w^e^a^k^ne^s^s^e^s^ha^ve^b^e^g^uⁿ^t^o^und^e^r^mi^ne^c^o^nfi^d^eⁿ^c^eⁱⁿ^o^u^r^e^f^fo^r^t^b^o^t^{h he}^r^e^aⁿ^d^a^b^r^o^a^d^.
President Kennedy went on to note the declining prestige of the United States’ foreign aid
apparatus and the negative impact of that decline on administering and staffing programs abroad.
The President also cited the uneven and undependable short-term financing of programs and the
resulting disincentive for long-term efficient planning. Congress and the executive branch worked
together to enact the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to address these shortcomings at a time when
much of the developing world was emerging as newly independent states, when those new
nations were, “without exception ... under Communist pressure,” and when “the free
industrialized nations” found themselves in a position “to assist the less-developed nations on a
long-term basis ... [as they find themselves] on the threshold of achieving sufficient economic, ²
social and political strength and self-sustained growth to stand permanently on their own feet.”
Though the original Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 lengthened the authorization time frame for
funding development assistance to five years, other programs were authorized for shorter periods.
The Act still required occasional reauthorization legislation to renew programs beyond that
original time frame, and Congress retained its role of appropriating funds. The original Act
authorized the funding levels shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as enacted
(P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.; 75 Stat. 424)
^Progr^{am A}^uthorization^{Funding Levels and Duration}
^{Development assistance}^{1.2 billion for fiscal year 19}⁶²
^$1.5^billi^{on “for each of t}^he^next^{four su}^{cceeding year}^{s” [sec. 2}^02]
^{Development grant}^{s and tec}^hnica^l^{Not to exceed $}³⁸⁰^{million “for use begin}^{ning in t}^{he fiscal year}¹⁹^62”
^cooperation^{[sec. 21}^2]
^Investme^{nt g}^uarantee^s^{Not to exceed $}^{90 million, through Ju}^ne^{30, 1}⁹⁶⁴^{(fiscal years, at t}^hat
^{time, ran July t}^hroug^{h Ju}^{ne in a}^{given year) [s}^{ec. 22}^1]
^{Surveys of inve}^{stment o}^pport^unit^ies^{Not to exceed $}⁵^{million “for use beginning}^{in fiscal year}¹⁹^{62” [}^s^{ec. 232]}

¹^P^u^blⁱ^c^P^a^p^e^{rs o}^f^t^h^{e P}^r^esi^d^ent^s^o^f^t^h^{e Un}ⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^a^t^{es: Jo}^hn^F^.^Kenn^ed^y,¹⁹⁶¹^.^“S^p^eci^al^M^e^{ssage t}^o^t^h^{e Co}ⁿ^g^{ress on}
^For^e^ig^{n A}ⁱ^d,”^Ma^r^c^h^22,¹⁹⁶¹^.^p^p^{. 2}⁰³^-²^12.
²^K^e^nne^dy^{, Ma}^r^c^{h 22}^{, 1}⁹⁶¹^.^p.²⁰^5.

^Progr^{am A}^uthorization^{Funding Levels and Duration}
^{Contributions to inter}^national^{Not to exceed $}¹⁵^{3.5 million for fiscal year 1}⁹⁶²^{[sec. 3}^02]
^{organizations and programs}
^{Supporting as}^sistance^{Not to exceed $}⁴⁶⁵^{million “for use begin}^{ning in t}^{he fiscal year}¹⁹^62”
^{[sec. 40}^2]
^{Contingency f}^und^{Not to exceed $}³⁰⁰^{million for fiscal year 1}⁹⁶²^{[sec. 4}^51]
^{Military assistance}^{Not to exceed $}^{1.7 billion, “for use beginni}^{ng in the}^{fiscal years}¹⁹^{62 a}^nd
¹⁹⁶^{3” [se}^{c. 50}^4]
Through 1985, Congress regularly enacted new authorization legislation or amended the original
Act to update authorization time frames, and to incorporate newer programs and authorities. After
1986, however, Congress turned more frequently to enacting freestanding authorities that did not
amend the 1961 Act, and included language in annual appropriations measures to waive the
requirement to keep authorizations current. Thus, sections in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
in many instances, do not refer to authorization beyond fiscal years 1986 and 1987 (unless the
program was added to the Act by an amendment enacted after that period), but programs are ³
continued through appropriations.
A few programs are established outside the statutory framework of the Foreign Assistance Act of ⁴
1961, and thus are not included in detail in this report. Reimbursable military exports, for
example, are addressed in the Arms Export Control Act and subsequent Security Assistance Acts.
Since 1985, the last year Congress passed a comprehensive reauthorization of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, both Congress and the President have promoted a variety of specialized
authorities in freestanding legislation. Some freestanding laws that authorize foreign aid or apply
new conditions to aid authorized in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are shown in Table 2.

³^Se^c^.¹⁰^of^the^F^o^re^ig^{n Mi}^lita^ry^Sa^le^s^Am^eⁿ^d^m^eⁿ^{ts, 19}^{71 (}^P^.L^{. 9}¹^-⁶⁷²^{; 2}²^U.^S.C.²⁴¹²⁾^re^quire^{s a}^u^t^horiz^a^tioⁿ^be^f^o^re
^a^ppro^p^ria^tio^{ns, sta}^tⁱⁿ^g^tha^t^“ⁿ^{o m}^one^y^a^ppropria^te^d^f^o^{r f}^o^re^ig^{n a}^ssistaⁿ^c^e^(inc^ludⁱ^ng^f^o^re^ig^{n m}^ilita^r^y^sa^le^{s) sha}^{ll be}
^a^v^a^ila^ble^f^o^r^oblig^a^tion^or^e^x^peⁿ^d^itur^e^—⁽¹⁾^unle^s^s^t^h^e^a^ppr^opr^ia^tio^{n the}^r^e^o^f^ha^s^be^eⁿ^pr^e^v^ious^ly^a^u^t^hor^iz^e^d^by^law^;^or
⁽²⁾ⁱⁿ^e^x^c^e^s^s^of^aⁿ^am^{ount pr}^e^v^io^us^ly^pr^e^s^c^r^ibe^d^by^law^.^”^T^h^e^s^e^c^tⁱ^on,^how^e^v^e^r^{, is}^r^outiⁿ^e^l^y^w^a^ive^d^{, m}^o^s^t^r^ecen^t^l^yⁱⁿ
^s^e^c^.⁶⁵³^of^the^D^e^pa^r^t^m^e^{nt of}^Sta^t^e^,^For^e^ig^{n O}^p^e^r^a^tions^a^{nd (}^d^iv^isⁱ^{on J}^of^P.L^.¹¹^0-¹^61;¹²¹^Sta^t^.²³⁴²⁾^,^w^h^ic^{h s}^t^a^t^e^s
^“^F^unds^a^ppr^opr^ia^te^{d by}^this^A^c^{t, e}^x^c^e^p^{t f}^unds^a^ppr^o^p^rⁱ^a^t^e^d^un^de^r^t^h^e^he^a^dⁱⁿ^g^s^‘^T^r^a^de^a^{nd D}^e^v^e^lopm^eⁿ^{t A}^g^eⁿ^cy^’^a^nd
^‘^O^v^e^r^s^ea^s^P^r^iv^a^t^e^Iⁿ^v^e^s^t^m^e^{nt C}^o^r^por^a^tⁱ^on’^,^m^a^y^be^oblig^a^t^e^d^a^{nd e}^x^pe^nde^d^notw^iths^t^aⁿ^ding^s^e^c^tioⁿ¹⁰^of^Publ^ic^L^a^w
^91-⁶⁷^{2 a}ⁿ^d^se^c^tion¹⁵^of^the^S^t^a^t^e^De^pa^rtm^e^{nt Ba}^sic^A^u^thoritie^{s Ac}^{t of}¹⁹⁵^6.”
⁴^Still^ot^he^{r la}^w^s^ha^v^e^be^eⁿ^eⁿ^a^c^t^{ed to}^a^u^g^m^eⁿ^{t the}^Fore^ig^{n A}^s^sⁱ^s^t^anc^e^A^c^{t of}^1961—s^e^tting^lim^ite^d-^te^rm^c^onditions
^f^o^r^aⁱ^{d ot}^he^r^w^is^e^pr^ov^ide^d^f^o^rⁱⁿ^t^h^e^A^c^{t. P}^.^L^.¹^09-¹⁵^{9, f}^o^r^e^x^a^m^pl^e^,^w^h^ic^{h pr}^ov^ide^s^f^o^r^t^h^e^tr^aⁿ^s^f^e^r^{to t}^h^e^R^e^pu^blic^of
^Kore^a^of^obsole^t^e^{or sur}^p^lus^ite^m^s^w^{ith m}^ilita^r^y^a^pplic^a^tion^,^{is a}^f^r^e^e^s^ta^nding^la^w^{but dra}^w^{s on t}^h^e^P^r^e^s^ideⁿ^t’s
^au^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^st^at^edⁱⁿ^sec.⁵¹⁶^o^f^t^h^e^A^c^t^t^o^t^r^an^sf^{er e}^x^ce^{ss d}^e^fen^s^{e art}ⁱ^c^l^e^s.^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^rl^y^,^Coⁿ^g^{ress h}^a^{s en}^a^c^t^e^d^{a seri}^{es o}^f
^law^s^to^tran^sf^{er e}^x^c^e^{ss o}^r^o^b^s^o^l^{ete n}^a^v^a^{l v}^e^ss^{els to}^U.^{S. allies.}^Coⁿ^g^r^{ess h}^a^{s also}^en^acted^{acts in}^recen^{t y}^ears
^a^u^thor^iz^ing^c^oⁿ^d^iti^ona^{l a}ⁱ^{d t}^o^ta^r^g^e^t^e^d^po^pula^t^ions^or^or^g^a^niz^a^tions^{in S}^udaⁿ^,^N^o^r^t^{h K}^o^r^e^a^,^A^f^g^h^aⁿ^is^ta^{n, a}ⁿ^d^I^r^a^n.

Table 2. Selected Other Authorizations
^{Popular Name: Purp}^ose^Citation
^Arms^{Export C}^{ontrol A}^ct:^{P.L. 90-62}^{9; 22}^{U.S.C. 2751}
^{—authorizes reimb}^ursa^{ble military exports}^{(arms sales, leases, loans)}^{et seq.; signed into law}^{October 22,}¹⁹⁶⁸
^Traffi^{cking Victims Protection Act}^{of 2000, as amended:}^{P.L. 106-3}^{86; 2}²^{U.S.C. 7101}
^—^{authorizes $1.5}^{million for fiscal year 20}^{01, $}³^{million for each}^{of fiscal years 2}⁰⁰²^{et seq.; signed into law}^{October 28,}²⁰⁰⁰
^{and 20}^{03, $}⁵^{million for each of f}^{iscal years 20}⁰⁴^{and 2}⁰⁰^{5, and $}⁵^{.5 milli}^{on for each}
^{of fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁶^and²⁰^{07 in}^s^upport^{of the Task Force}^{also created by the}^Act
^{(sec. 113);}
^{—authorizes $1}^{0 million for prev}^{ention, $15}^milli^{on for protection, and $1}^{0 million}
^{for prosec}^{ution for each}^{of fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁴^th^rough²⁰⁰⁷^{in bilate}^{ral assistance to}
^{combat trafficking (se}^{c. 11}^3);
^{—authorizes $3}⁰⁰^thousa^{nd for}^{voluntary cont}^{ributions to the}^O^{rganization for}
^{Security and Cooperation in}^Eur^{ope (sec. 11}^3);
^{—authorizes fu}^{nds for foreign}^{victim assistance, assistance to forei}^{gn count}^{ries to}
^{meet minimum sta}^{ndards, and re}^{search (sec.}¹¹^3).
^{Sudan Peace A}^{ct, as amende}^d:^{P.L. 107-2}^{45; 5}⁰^{U.S.C. 1701}
^—^{authorizes $1}⁰⁰^{million for each of the}^{fiscal years}²⁰^{03 t}^hroug^h²⁰^{05 to}^prepa^re^{note; signed into law}^{October 21,}²⁰⁰²
^{the Sudanese}^pop^{ulation “not controlled by the}^Governme^{nt of S}^{udan” for “}^peace
^{and democratic governan}^{ce, inclu}^{ding sup}^{port for civil administration,}
^{communications infra}^struc^{ture, e}^{ducation, health, and agriculture.”}^{(sec. 5);}
^{—authorizes $1}⁰⁰^{million for fiscal year 20}^{05, a}^{nd suc}^{h s}^{ums as}^m^{ay be}^necessar^{y for}
^{fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁶^and²⁰^{07, to su}^{pport t}^{he implementation of a}^compre^hensive^peace
^{agreement, and}^$2^{00 million for f}^{iscal year 20}^{05 “to address}^the^h^{umanitarian a}^nd
^huma^{n rights}^{crisis in the Dar}^fu^r^{region and easter}^{n Chad” (sec. 1}^2).
^Afgh^{anistan Freedom Sup}^po^{rt Act o}^f^{2002, as amended:}^{P.L. 107-3}^{27; 2}²^{U.S.C. 7501}
^—^{authorizes $1}^{5 million for fiscal years 2}⁰⁰³^thro^ugh²⁰⁰⁶^{for u}^r^{gent h}^umanitarian^{et seq.; signed into law}^{December 4,}²⁰⁰²
^{needs, repatriation and}^resettlem^{ent, counter}^{narcotics, and more}^{(sec. 103);}
^{—authorizes $3}⁰⁰^{million to esta}^{blish an}^Enter^{prise Fu}^{nd for Afg}^h^{anistan similar to}
^{those defined in the}^{SEED Act (s}^{ec. 103);}
^{—authorizes suc}^{h s}^{ums as}^{may b}^e^necessa^{ry for eac}^{h of fiscal year}^{s 20}^{05 a}^{nd 2}⁰⁰⁶
^{(sec. 108);}
^{—authorizes drawdown u}^{nder se}^{c. 506}^{of the Foreign As}^sistance^{Act of 19}⁶¹^{not to}
^{exceed $}⁵⁵⁰^{million (sec. 202).}
^{United Stat}^{es Leadership Ag}^{ainst HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria}^{P.L. 108-2}^{5; 22}^{U.S.C. 7601}
^{Act of}^{2003, as amended:}^{et seq.; signed into law May}
^—^{authorizes U.S. contributions t}^o^{the Global Fund t}^hroug^{h fiscal year 2}⁰¹³^{27, 2}⁰⁰³
^{(sec. 202);}
^{—authorizes fu}^{nding for}^program^{s added to the Foreign Assistanc}^{e Act of 1}⁹⁶¹
^through^{fiscal year}²⁰^{13 (sec.}⁴⁰¹^);
^{—authorizes “suc}^{h s}^{ums as}^may^{be nec}^essary^{for the}^{fiscal year 2}⁰⁰⁴^{and eac}^{h fiscal}
^{year the}^{reafter to ca}^{rry out}^secti^{on 16}^{25 of t}^{he I}^nter^{national Financial Institutions}
^{Act” (relating to debt relief for th}^{e most heavily indebted cou}^ntrie^{s) (sec. 503).}
^Mill^{ennium Challenge Act o}^f²⁰⁰^{3, as amended:}^{Title VI of D}^{ivision D of} ^P.L.
^—^{authorizes “suc}^{h s}^{ums as}^may^{be nec}^essary^{for each}^{of fiscal ye}^{ars 2}⁰⁰⁴^and²⁰^05.”^109-¹⁸⁸; ²²^{U.S.C. 7701 et}^{seq.; signed into law Janua}^ry
^{(sec. 619)}^{23, 2}⁰⁰⁴

^{Popular Name: Purp}^ose^Citation
^{North Korean}^{Human Rig}^{hts Act o}^f^2004:^{P.L. 108-3}³³; ²²^{U.S.C. 7801}
^—^{authorizes $2}^{million for each of fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁵^th^rough²⁰⁰⁸^{for hu}^man^rights^{et seq.; signed into law}^{October 18,}²⁰⁰⁴
^{and democracy p}^{rograms (sec. 1}^02);
^{—authorizes $2}^{million for each of fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁵^th^rough²⁰⁰⁸^{for actions to}
^{promote freedom of information}^{(sec. 104);}
^{—authorizes $2}^{0 million for each}^{of fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁵^th^rough²⁰⁰⁸^{in assistanc}^{e to}
^{North Koreans}^{outside of their c}^{ountry (sec.}²⁰^3).
^{Iran Freedom Su}^ppo^{rt Act:}^{P.L. 109-2}⁹³; ⁵⁰^{U.S.C. 1701}
^—^{authorizes finan}^{cial and politica}^{l assistance to “foreign and dome}^{stic individuals,}^{note; signed into law}^September³^{0, 20}⁰⁶
^{organizations, and entities worki}^{ng for th}^{e p}^u^r^{pose of su}^pporting^{and promoting}
^{democracy for Ira}^{n.” (sec. 30}²⁾

Table 3 presents the authorities enacted in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and
the corresponding appropriations that fund those authorities in the current foreign assistance
appropriations Act.
The left-side column of Table 3 cites sections of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended,
that authorize programs, and provides the latest year for which authorization is enacted. Sections
that establish a need for such a program—in the form of policy or finding statements, for
example—are not cited. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is organized in a conventional
manner, however, so those sections that state policy, findings, program requirements, or
implementing structure can be found in the text of the law in sections proximate to the
authorizing section. All of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is stated in the United States Code,
beginning at 22 U.S.C. 2151. For each section that states the President’s power to authorize funds,
the relevant U.S. Code citation and year of enactment is included here. In nearly all cases, these
sections have been substantially amended, or rewritten altogether, subsequent to enactment. This
table reflects the language as amended.
Though the sections generally afford the President the authority to furnish whatever assistance the
section establishes, sec. 622(a) and (c) (22 U.S.C. 2382(a), (c)) of the Act states that
^[n^]ot^hⁱⁿ^g^con^t^aiⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ^t^hⁱ^s^A^c^t^s^h^al^l^{be con}^s^t^r^u^e^{d t}^oⁱⁿ^f^rⁱⁿ^g^e^upon^t^h^{e pow}^e^r^s^o^r^f^uⁿ^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^o^f
^th^{e Secretar}^y^o^f^{State.... Un}^{der th}^{e direction}^of^t^h^{e P}^r^es^iden^{t, th}^{e Secretar}^y^o^f^{State s}^h^{all be}
^res^pon^sⁱ^ble^f^o^{r th}^{e co}ⁿ^tⁱⁿ^u^o^u^s^s^u^pervis^ioⁿ^an^d^g^eⁿ^e^{ral direction}^{of econ}^o^mⁱ^{c as}^sⁱ^s^t^aⁿ^ce,
^m^ilitar^y^assⁱ^staⁿ^{ce, an}^d^mⁱ^litar^y^ed^u^catioⁿ^aⁿ^d^tr^ainⁱⁿ^g^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^{, i}ⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^b^u^{t n}^o^{t li}^m^ited
^to^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^w^h^er^{e th}^er^{e sh}^a^{ll b}^e^{a m}^ilitar^y^a^ssi^staⁿ^{ce (}ⁱⁿ^c^l^u^dⁱⁿ^g^cⁱ^vⁱ^c^a^c^tⁱ^oⁿ⁾^o^r^a^m^ilitar^y
^edu^cation^an^{d trai}ⁿⁱ^ng^prog^ram^f^o^{r a cou}ⁿ^t^r^y^an^{d t}^h^{e v}^a^l^u^e^th^ereof^,^{to th}^{e en}^{d th}^a^t^s^u^c^h
^prog^ram^s^{are e}^f^f^e^c^tiv^e^l^yⁱⁿ^te^{grated both}^{at h}^o^m^e^aⁿ^{d abroad}^an^{d t}^h^e^f^o^reign^polic^y^o^f^t^h^e
^Un^{ited State}^s^is^bes^t^s^e^rv^{ed thereby}^.

In many instances, the President has delegated his authority to the Secretary of State, the
Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, or some other
appropriate office holder. Delegations of authority are to be found, either in whole text or as a
reference, in the U.S. Code, at sections corresponding to the section of the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961 that states the relevant authority.
The right-side column of Table 3 states appropriations levels that correspond to the authorized
program, as most recently enacted in the Department of State/Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division J of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008;
P.L. 110-161; 121 Stat. 2277; as continued by sec. 101 of P.L. 110-329; 122 Stat. 3574). Section
699P of that Act, however, rescinds 0.81% of the budget authority provided for FY2008 for any
discretionary account covered in the Act, to be applied proportionately within each account and ⁵
item, and to each program, project, and activity within those accounts and items. This rescission
is not reflected in the table; amounts shown are the amounts stated in the Appropriations Act as
passed and signed into law on December 26, 2007.
The General Provisions title of Appropriations Acts usually state conditions for administering the
appropriations. In the table, those sections that state conditionality and terms that might be
applicable to the aid being provided are also listed, and a Statute citation is provided if the reader
wishes to read more. General provisions measures that apply to the entire appropriations Act,
however, are not cited here; they are numerous and would have to be restated at every authority.
So, for example, a General Provision section that prohibits assistance to a government of any
country the government of which has been overthrown by military coup, is not cited here, but
would apply to all authorities. For those provisions, it is best to refer to the text of the
State/Foreign Operations Appropriations Act.

⁵¹²^{1 Sta}^t^{. 2}³⁷⁵^.

Table 3. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations in Department of
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2008
^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Part I}^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance
^Chapter^{1—Policy; Development Assistance Aut}^horizations^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the President}
^{Sec. 101 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2151) t}^hroug^{h sec. 1}^{35 (}^{22 U.S.C. 215}^2h)^{Global Health and Child Survival}
^{For global health activities, appropriates, “in additional to funds otherwise available}
^{for suc}^{h p}^u^r^{poses”: $1,8}^43.1^{5 mi}^lli^{on, to remain available until September}^30,²⁰⁰⁹
^{(121 Stat. 2}²⁹^2).
^{In addition, “for the prev}^{ention, treatment, and co}^{ntrol of, and res}^{earch on,}
^{HIV/AIDS: $4,700}^{million, t}^o^{remain available until expe}^{nded (12}¹^{Stat. 2294).}
^{Development Assistance}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^Approp^{riates $1,}⁶³^{6.88 million, t}^o^{remain available until Septembe}^{r 30,}²⁰^09.
^g/w^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 611, availability of funds (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³¹^{7); sec.}
^s^.or^{613, comme}^{rce a}^{nd trade (1}^{21 St}^{at. 231}^{8); sec. 6}^{15, re}^programmi^{ng notification}
^le^ak^requirem^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 618,}^{prohibition on fu}^{nding for}^{abortions and}
^://wiki^{involuntary ste}^rilizat^{ion (121 Stat}^{. 232}^{1); sec. 6}^{19, allocations (121}^{Stat. 232}^{2); sec.}^{622, global health a}^{nd child sur}^{vival activities (121 Stat. 232}^{3); sec.}^{628, se}^parate
^h^ttp^{accounts (1}²¹^{Stat. 23}^{25); sec. 6}³^{4, special authorities (1}^{21 Stat. 2}^{328); se}^{c. 63}^8,
^{Asia (121 Stat. 2}³³^{2); sec. 64}^{0, p}^{rohibition on payme}^{nts to United Nations memb}^ers
^{(121 Stat. 2}³³^{4); sec. 6}^{45, war c}^r^{imes tribunals drawdown}⁽¹²^{1 St}^{at. 233}^{6); sec. 6}^48,
^{prohibition of payme}^{nt of cer}^tain^expe^{nses (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{37); and s}^{ec. 660,}
^{contribution to the}^{U.N. Population Fund (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³⁴^{6); sec. 6}⁶^{1, community-}
^{based police assistance (1}^{21 Stat.}²³^{47); sec. 6}^64,^{basic education}^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁴^9);
^{sec. 66}^{7, trade capacity}^{building (121}^{Stat. 23}^{51); sec. 6}^{68, tra}^ns^pa^{rency a}^nd
^{accountability (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{51); s}^{ec. 670, ge}^{nder-based violence (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³⁵^{3); sec.}
^{672, west}^ern^hemisp^here⁽¹²^{12 S}^{tat. 235}^{4); sec. 6}^{74, development}^grants^program
^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁵^{6); sec. 6}^{84, en}^{vironment a}^{nd ene}^rgy^{programs (1}²¹^{Stat. 236}^{0); sec.}
^{687, wa}^{r crimes in A}^{frica (1}^{21 St}^{at. 236}^{2); sec. 6}^{89, neglected tro}^{pical diseases (121}
^{Stat. 2363); a}^{nd sec, 6}^{99A, orp}^ha^{ns, displaced and abandoned c}^hildren
^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁶^8).

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 103}^{. Agriculture, Rur}^{al Development, and Nutrit}^ion.^{(22 U.S.C. 2151a;}
^{added to the Act in 1}⁹⁷^{3.) Autho}^{rizes the President “to f}^urnis^{h as}^{sistance...for}
^{agriculture, ru}^{ral development, a}^{nd nut}^rition...t^{o allev}^{iate starvation, hunge}^{r, and}
^{malnutrition;...t}^{o expand...the pro}^{vision of basic services to r}^{ural p}^{oor people...t}^{o help}
^{create p}^{roductive farm a}^{nd off-fa}^{rm employment}^{in r}^{ural areas to}^{provide a more viable}
^{economic base”. Includes a}^uthori^{ty to strengt}^{hen local institutions}^{, organize financial}
^{savings and cr}^{edit institutions, and improve infrastr}^uct^{ure (s}^ubsec.^{(b)). Authorizes}
^{emphasis on}^forest^{protection an}^{d restoration (subsec. (b)(3); add}^{ed in 19}^79).
^{Authorizes the Pre}^{sident to continue U.S. participation in multilateral institutions related}
^{to agricultural development (su}^bs^{ec. (g); added}^{in 19}^{81). Funds a}^r^e^{authorized for fiscal}
^{years 1}⁹⁸⁶^and¹⁹⁸⁷^(sub^{sec. (a)(2)).}
^{Sec. 104}^{. Population and Health.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2151b; added in}¹⁹⁸^{3.) Authorizes t}^he^{See Part I, above.}
^{President to fur}^{nish assista}^{nce “f}^{or voluntary}^{population plan}^{ning.” (subsec. (b)).}
^{Authorizes the Pre}^{sident to fur}ⁿⁱ^{sh assistance}^{for h}^{ealth p}^rograms^{(subsec. (c)), including}
^{the spe}^{cial needs of children a}^nd^{mothers (su}^{bsec. (c)(2)), including primary}^{health ca}^re,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{immunization, and rehydration (s}^{ubsec. (c)(3); added in 19}^{85). “A}^pprop^{riations pu}^rsua^nt
^g/w^{to [subsec. (c)(2)(B)] may be}^refe^{rred to as the ‘Child Survival fu}ⁿ^{d’.” (subsec. (c)(2)(C);}
^s^.or^{added in 198}^{4). Funds are}^aut^{horized for fiscal years 19}^{86 a}^{nd 1}⁹⁸⁷^(su^{bsec. (g)).}
^le^ak^{Sec. 10}^{4A. Assistance to Co}^{mbat HIV/AIDS.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2151b-}^{2; added in 20}^03.)
^{Authorizes the Pre}^{sident to fur}ⁿⁱ^{sh assistance}^{for th}^{e p}^revention,^{treatment, and}
^://wiki^{monitoring of HIV/AIDS.}
^h^ttp^{Sec. 10}^{4B. Assistance to Combat Tuberc}^ulosis.^{(22 U.S.C.}²¹⁵¹^{b-3; added in}
²⁰⁰^{3.) Authorizes t}^{he President t}^o^furnis^{h assistance}^{“for the}^pre^v^{ention, treatment,}
^{control, and eliminati}^{on of tube}^rc^{ulosis” (subsec. (c)).}
^{Sec. 10}^{4C. Assistance to Co}^{mbat Malaria.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2151}^{b-4; added in 20}^03.)
^{Authorizes the Pre}^{sident to fur}ⁿⁱ^{sh assistance}^{“for th}^{e p}^revention,^{treatment, cont}^rol,
^{and elimination of malaria” (subsec. (c)).}
^{Sec. 10}^{5. Education a}^{nd Hu}^{man Resou}^{rces Development.}^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 215}^1c;

^{added in 197}^{3.) Authorizes the P}^{resident to fur}^{nish as}^{sistance “fo}^{r education, pu}^blic
^{administration, and human}^resou^{rce development” (s}^ubse^{c. (a)). F}^{unds are}^aut^{horized for}
^{fiscal years 1}⁹⁸⁶^and¹⁹^{87 (s}^ubse^{c. (a)).}

^{out the}^pur^{poses of t}^{his chap}^ter,^{the President is aut}^{horized to fur}^{nish assistanc}^e...to
^{countries and a}^{reas t}^hrough^prog^{rams of gra}^{nt and loan assistan}^{ce, bilaterally or through}
^{regional, multilateral}^{, or private entities” (subsec. (a)). “The President is aut}^{horized to}
^{make loans...}^{in order to promote the economic development}^{of c}^{ountries and a}^reas,
^{with emp}^{hasis u}^{pon assisting long}^range^{plans and}^programs^design^{ed to develop}
^{economic resources a}^{nd increa}^se^{productive ca}^{pacities” (subsec. (}^b)).

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 12}^{9. Program T}^o^Provid^{e Technical Assistance T}^o^Fo^{reign Governments}^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance
^{and Foreign}^{Central Banks o}^f^{Developing or T}^ransitional^Countries.^{(22 U.S.C.}^{Other Bilateral Economic Assista}^nce
²¹⁵^{1aa; added in 1}⁹⁹^{8.) The Secr}^{etary of the Tr}^easur^{y, in consulta}^{tion with the}^Department^{of the Trea}^sury
^{Secretary of State and t}^{he Admin}^{istrator of the U.S. Agency for I}ⁿ^ternational^Inter^{national Affairs Tech}^{nical Assistance}
^{Development (USAID), “is authorized to establish a program to p}^{rovide technical}^Approp^{riates $2}^{0.4 million, to remain available until Septembe}^{r 3}⁰^,²⁰¹^{0 (1}^{21 Stat.}
^{assistance to foreign gover}^nment^{s and foreign ce}^{ntral ba}^{nks of dev}^{eloping countries in}²³⁰^7).
^{transitional countries” (su}^{bsec. (a}^{)(1)). Funds are aut}^{horized for fiscal year 1}⁹⁹⁹
^{(subsec. (j)).}^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 623, Afg}^hanista^{n (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^23).
^{Sec. 13}^{0. Assistance for Victi}^{ms of T}^orture.⁽²^{2 U.S.C. 2152}^{; added in 199}^{8.) The}
^{President is authorized to fur}^nish^{assistance, in the}^{form of gra}^nts,^{for the re}^habilitation
^{of victims of torture.}
^{Sec. 13}^{3. Programs T}^o^En^co^{urage Go}^{od G}^overnan^ce.⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2152c; added in}
²⁰⁰^{0.) “}^{The President is a}^{uthorized establish program}^{s that}^comb^{at corru}^{ption, improve}
^transpa^renc^{y and acco}^unta^bility,^{and promote other}^{forms of good governance in}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{countries” eligible to receive assistance}^{under t}^{he foreign}^Assistan^{ce Act of 1}⁹⁶¹^{or th}^e
^g/w^{Support for}^East^Eu^{ropean Demo}^{cracy (SEED) Act of}¹⁹^{89 (s}^ubs^ec^{. (a)).}
^s^.or^{Sec. 13}^{4. Assistance To Foreign Cou}^{ntries To Meet Min}ⁱ^{mum Standar}^{ds fo}^r
^le^ak^{the Elimination of Tra}^ffickin^g.^{(22 U.S.C. 2152d; added in 2}⁰^{00.) The President is}
^{authorized to fur}^{nish assistan}^{ce “}^{to foreign countries directly, or t}^hrough
^://wiki^nongovernme^{ntal and m}^ultilateral^{organizations, for programs, projects, and activities}
^h^ttp^{designed to” eliminate the traffic}^{king of person}^s.
^{Sec. 13}^{5. Assistance for O}^r^p^{hans an}^{d Other Vulner}^{able Children.}^{(22 U.S.C.}
²¹⁵^{2f; added in 2}⁰⁰^{5.) The Presi}^{dent is authorized to fur}^{nish as}^{sistance “to provide basic}
^{care and se}^{rvices for or}^pha^{ns an}^{d other vulne}^{rable c}^{hildren” (sub}^{sec. (c)). The President}
^{“shall establish a monitoring and}^{evaluation system to meas}^{ure t}^h^e^effectivenes^{s of}
^{United States assistance to orp}^ha^{ns and othe}^{r v}^{ulnerable c}^hildren”^{(subsec. (d)). Such}
^{sums as}^{may be}^nece^{ssary a}^{re aut}^{horized for fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁶^and²⁰⁰^{7 (s}^{ubsec. (f)).}
^{Sec. 13}^{5. Assistance To Prov}^{ide Safe Water and Sanitation.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2152}^b;^{No appro}^{priations req}^{uired; fu}^{nded by the}^{collection of payments}^{in local currencies}
^{added in 200}^{5.) “}^{[T]he President}^{is authorized to furnis}^{h assistanc}^{e for program}^{s in}^{under title I of t}^{he Food for Peace Act.}
^{developing countries to p}^{rovide affordable and eq}^{uitable access}^{to safe water a}^nd^{See Part I, above, however, whic}^{h ap}^propriates^{not less tha}^{n $}³⁰⁰^{million for safe}
^{sanitation” (subsec. (b)). “The Pr}^{esident may use}^paym^{ents made i}ⁿ^local^{drinking water and}^{sanitation pro}^{grams (1}^{21 Stat. 2}²⁹^5).

^curre^{ncies...under title I of the Fo}^{od for Peace Act...to provide assi}^stance^{under t}^his
^{section” (subsec. (d)).}

^{Development Programs.}⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2182a; added in 1}⁹⁷^{4.) USAID}^a^{is authorized “to}
^{issue guara}^{nties...to private lendi}^{ng institutions, cooperatives, and}^{private non}^profit
^{development organizations...t}^{o carry out agric}^{ultural credit and sel}^{f-help commu}^nity
^{development projects” (s}^{ubsec. (}^{b)). The Inter-Ame}^{rican Foundati}^{on plays a role whe}ⁿ
^guaranty^{coverage is directed to}^{Latin America (su}^{bsec. (d)); the}^{Overseas Private}
^Investme^{nt Corporation (OPIC)}^{plays an administrative role th}^rou^{gh mid-197}^{6 (su}^bsec.
^{(f)), and for the tra}^nsfer^{ring of p}^r^{edecessor programs}^{it initiated (s}^{ubsec. (g)). Authority}
^sunset^{s at the}^{end of fiscal year}¹^988.

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 22}^{4. Trade Credit Insur}^{ance Pro}^gram^fo^{r Central A}^merica.^{(22 U.S.C.}^a
²¹⁸^{4; added in 1}⁹⁸^{4.) USAID}^is^{authorized “to provide guarante}^e^s^{to the [E}^xport-
^{Import] Bank}^{for liabilities to be i}^ncur^{red by}^{the Ba}^{nk in con}^{nection with gua}^rantee^{s or}
^insuran^{ce...for financing for tra}^ns^{actions involving the ex}^{port of goods and services for}
^{the use}^{of the}^{private se}^{ctor in C}^{entral American}^count^{ries” (subs}^{ec. (a)). Authority}
^sunset^{s at the}^{end of fiscal year}¹⁹⁹¹^(su^{bsec. (c)).}
^{Sec. 22}^{5. Trade Credit Insur}^{ance Pro}^gram^fo^{r Polan}^d.⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2185; added in}
¹⁹⁸^{9.) The President is a}^{uthorized “to provide guarantees}^{to the [}^Export-I^{mport] Ban}^k”
^{to cover certain liabilities related}^{to “the ex}^{port goods and servic}^{es for the}^{use of t}^he
^{private sector in Poland” (su}^bsec.^{(a)). Authority sunsets}^{at the}^en^{d of fiscal year 19}⁹²
^{(subsec. (l)).}
^{Sec. 22}^{6. Loan Guara}^{ntees To Israel Pro}^gram.⁽²^{2 U.S.C. 2186; added in}¹⁹^92.)
^{The President is aut}^{horized “to is}^{sue gua}^rantees^{against losses incu}^{rred in con}^nection
^{with loans to Israel made as a re}^s^{ult of” resettling immigrants f}^rom^{the forme}^{r Soviet}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{Union, Ethiopia, and elsewhere (s}^{ubsecs. (a), (b)). Authority su}^nset^{s at the e}^{nd of fiscal}
^g/w^{year 1}⁹⁹⁷^(su^{bsec. (a)).}
^s^.or^{Title IV—Overseas Private Invest}^{ment Corporation}^{Title II—Export a}^{nd Inv}^estment^Assistance
^le^ak^{(Sec. 231 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2191) t}^hrou^{gh sec. 2}^{40B (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2200}^b))^{Overseas Private}^Invest^{ment Cor}^poration
^://wiki^{Noncredit account: mak}^{es availab}^{le not to exceed $}^{47.5 million.}
^h^ttp^{Program account: ap}^prop^{riates $}^{23.5 million, “to be derived by tr}^ansfer^{from the}^{...Noncredit Account”. Funds are}^{available for direct loan obligati}^o^{ns and loan}
^guaranty^commitments^{for fiscal years 2}⁰⁰⁸^th^rough²⁰¹^{0; fu}^nds^{obligated in those}
^{fiscal years remain available for di}^sbur^sement^throug^h²⁰^{16, 2}⁰¹^6,^{and 20}^18,
^{respectively (1}^{21 Stat. 2}²⁹^1).
^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 613, comme}^{rce and t}^rade^{(121 Stat. 2}³¹^7);
^{sec. 61}^{7, independe}^{nt states of t}^h^e^{former Soviet Union (12}^{1 Stat. 232}^{0); and se}^c.
^{677, OPIC}^trans^{fer a}^{uthority (1}²¹^{Stat. 23}^58).
^{Sec. 23}^{1. Creation, Purpose, and Policy.}^{(22 U.S.C. 219}^{1; added in 196}^{9.) Creates}

^{the Ove}^{rseas Private I}^nvestme^nt^{Corporation (OPIC) “to mobili}^ze^{and facilitate the}
^{participation of United States pri}^{vate capital and skills in the econ}^{omic and social}
^{development of less developed c}^{ountries and a}^{reas, and cou}^ntries^{in transition from}
^{nonmarket to ma}^{rket economies}^{”, and puts it “}^{under t}^he^{policy guidance of the}
^{Secretary of State.”}

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 23}^{2. Capital of the Corp}^oration.⁽²^{2 U.S.C. 2192; added in 19}^{69.) The}
^{President is authorized to pay in}^{capital to stand up}^{OPIC from}^re^{ceipts received u}^nder
^{the M}^{utual Secu}^{rity Act of 1}⁹⁵^{4, for fiscal years 1}⁹⁷⁰^a^{nd 19}^71.
^{Sec. 23}^{4. Investm}^{ent Insuran}^{ce and}^{Other Prog}^rams.⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2194; added in}
¹⁹⁶^{9.) OPIC is aut}^{horized to issue insura}^{nce (su}^{bsec. (a)), guarant}^{ee loans and}
^{investments (s}^ub^{sec. (b)), make direct investment}^{s (su}^{bsec. (c)), encourage investme}^nt
^{(subsec. (d)), manage special activ}^{ities (subsec. (e)), finance other i}^nsura^nce^fu^nctions
^{(subsec. (f)), establish a pilot prog}^{ram on eq}^{uity fina}^{ncing, added in 198}^{8 a}^{nd to ru}^{n for}⁴
^{years (su}^{bsec. (g)), and issue local curre}^{ncies g}^uarantee^{s (su}^{bsec. (}^h)).
^Sec.²³^{5. Issuing Authority, Direct Investment Authority}^{and Reserves.}⁽²²
^U.S.C^{. 2195; added in 1}⁹⁶^{9.) Aut}^{hority for sec. 2}^{34(a), (b), and (c) is stated here, and}
^{“shall continue u}^{ntil 20}^{07”. (su}^bs^{ec. (a)). Establishes a noncredit r}^{evolving fund (su}^bsec.
^{(c)). Authorizes transfers}^{of fu}^nd^{s from p}^{redecessor a}^{uthorities (subsec. (e)). Authorizes}
^{funds to re}^{plenish or}^{increase t}^h^e^{noncredit accou}^{nt revolving f}^uⁿ^d^{(subsec. (f)).}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{Title VI—Microenterprise Development Assistan}^ce^{See Part I, above, of which}^{not less than}^$2⁴⁵^{million is avai}^{lable for}
^g/w^{Subtitle A—Grant A}^ssistance^{“microenterp}^{rise and microfinan}^{ce development}^{programs for}^th^{e poor, especially}
^s^.or^{Sec. 251 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2211) t}^hroug^{h sec. 2}^{55 (}^{22 U.S.C. 221}^1d)^{women” (12}^{1 Stat. 22}^95).
^le^ak^{Sec. 25}^{2. Authorization; Imp}^lementat^{ion; Targeted Assistance.}^{(22 U.S.C.}
^://wiki²²¹^{1a; added in 2}⁰⁰^{4.) The President is authorized to provide assistance “for}^programs^{in developing countries to includ}^{e the availability of credit, savings, and other services}^to
^h^ttp^{microfinance and}^microenter^pris^{e clients lacking full access to ca}^{pital, training, technical}
^{assistance, and b}^usiness^{development ser}^{vices” (su}^{bsec. (a)).}
^{Sec. 25}^{6. Microenterprise De}^{velopment Credits.}^{(22 U.S.}^C.²²^{12; added in 1}⁹⁸³^{Title III—}^{Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance
^{as sec. 10}^{8; tra}^nsfer^{red to Micro}^enterp^{rise title in 20}^{04.) The Pre}^{sident is authorized “to}^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the President}
^{provide assistance to increas}^{e th}^{e availability of financial services to microenterprise}^{Development Credit Authority}
^{households lacking full access to}^{credit” (subsec. (a)). Funds are a}^u^{thorized through}^fiscal
^{year 2}⁰⁰⁹^(su^{bsec. (f)).}^Approp^{riates, for this section a}ⁿ^d^{sec. 635,}^{up to}^$2^{1 million to be derived by}
^transfe^{r from f}^unds^ap^propriated^{for Part I, or from f}^{unds int}^ended^{for “Assistance}
^{for Easter}^{n E}^urope^{and t}^{he Baltic States” (121}^{Stat. 22}^96).
^Approp^{riates $8.}^{16 million for administrative expe}^nses^{for USAID to carry out}
^{credit programs to re}^{main available until Septem}^ber^{30, 2}⁰¹⁰⁽¹²¹^{Stat. 22}^96).
^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 623, Afg}^hanista^{n (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^23).

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Subtitle C—United States Microfinance}^{Loan Facility}
^{Sec. 257 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2213)}
^{Sec. 25}^{7. United S}^{tates M}^icrofinan^{ce Loan Fa}^cility.^{(22 U.}^{S.C. 2213; added in}
²⁰⁰^{0.) The USAID Administrator is authorized “to establish a Unit}^{ed States Microfinance}
^{Loan Facility.}^{..to po}^{ol and manage the risk f}^{rom nat}^{ural disasters,}^{war or civil conflict,}
^{national financial crisis, or short-term finan}^{cial movements tha}^{t thr}^{eaten the}^long-term
^{development of United States-su}^{pported microfina}^{nce institutions}^{” (subtitle (a)). Funds}
^{are aut}^{horized through}^{fiscal year}²⁰^{09 (s}^ubse^{c. (d)).}
^{Title XII—Famine Prevention and}^{Freedom From Hung}^er
^{Sec. 296 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2220a) t}^hrou^{gh sec. 3}^{00 (}^{22 U.S.C. 222}^0e)
^{Sec. 29}^{7. General Authority.}⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2220}^{b; added in 19}^75.^{) The President is}^{See Part I, above.}
^{authorized to fur}^{nish assistan}^{ce t}^hrough^{U.S. universities to build “capacity and}^humaⁿ
^resources^{skills of agriculturally developing countries..., provide lo}^{ng-term p}^rogram
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^sup^{port..., invo}^{lve United States universities more f}^{ully in the inte}^{rnational network of}^{agricultural science..., and..}^.provid^{e program s}^u^p^{port for inte}^{rnational agricultural}
^g/w^researc^{h cente}^{rs” (su}^{bsec. (a)).}
^s^.or^{Sec. 29}^{9. Authorization.}⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2220d; added in 1}⁹⁷^{5.)) The President is}
^le^ak^{authorized to use Development}^{Assistance f}^{unds for t}^hese^pu^rpo^ses.
^://wiki^Chapter^3—I^nter^{national Organi}^{zations and Programs}^{Title IV—Multilateral Economic}^Assistance
^h^ttp^{Sec. 301 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2221) t}^hroug^{h sec. 3}^{07 (}^{22 U.S.C. 222}⁷⁾^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the Presi}^dent
^Inter^{national Organizations and Programs}
^Approp^{riates $3}^19.^{49 million for this cha}^{pter, and for s}^{ec. 2 of t}^h^e^U.N.
^Environme^{nt Program Participati}^{on Act of 1}⁹⁷³^{(P.L. 93-1}^{88; 8}⁷^S^{tat. 713) (1}²¹^Stat.
²³¹^2).
^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 615, r}^eprogram^{ming notification}
^requirem^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 619, allocations (121 Stat. 2}³²²^{); sec. 623,}
^Afghanistan⁽¹²^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); sec.}⁶⁶^{8, trans}^pare^{ncy a}^{nd accounta}^b^{ility (121 Stat.}
²³⁵^{1); and se}^{c. 67}^{0, gender-ba}^se^{d violence (121 Stat. 2}³⁵^3).
^{Sec. 30}^{1. General Authority.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2221; in original Act.) The President is}

^{authorized “to make voluntary}^c^{ontributions on a g}^rant^{basis to international}
^{organizations and...programs” (subsec. (a)).}

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 30}^{2. Authorization.}⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2222; in original Act.) Fun}^{ds are aut}^{horized for}
^{fiscal years 1}⁹⁸⁶^and¹⁹^{87 (s}^ubse^{c. (a)). Funds for Indus Basin Dev}^{elopment are}
^{authorized beginning}^{in fiscal year}¹⁹^{69 (s}^ubse^{c. (b)), and for fiscal years 1}⁹⁷⁴^th^rough
¹⁹⁷^{6 (s}^{ubsec. (c)). Additi}^{onal fun}^{ds are aut}^{horized for the I}^nterna^t^{ional Atomic Energy}
^{Agency (IAEA)}^{for fiscal years}¹⁹^{76 a}^{nd 1}⁹⁷⁷^(su^{bsec. (I)). Additi}^o^{nal funds}^are
^{authorized for multilateral and re}^{gional drug abuse}^{control progra}^{ms for fiscal year}¹⁹⁸⁹
^{(subsec. (j)). Addit}^{ional funds are}^{authorized for U.S. contributions to the Vaccine Fu}^nd,
^{the In}^{ternational AIDS Initiative, and the}^{Malaria Vaccine Initiative, for fiscal years}²⁰⁰⁴
^through²⁰⁰⁸^(su^{bsecs. (k), (l), an}^{d (m), respectively).}
^Chapter^6—Cent^{ral America De}^{mocracy, Peace, and Development Initiative}
^{Sec. 461 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2271) t}^hroug^{h sec. 4}^{66 (}^{22 U.S.C. 227}⁶⁾
^{Sec. 46}^{5. Authorization fo}^{r F}^{iscal Years 1988 and 198}^9.⁽²^{2 U.S.C. 2275; added in}
¹⁹⁸^5.)^{The President is a}^{uthorized an additional $1.2 milli}^{on for fiscal years 1}⁹⁸⁸^and
¹⁹⁸^{9 for}^{nonmilitary assistance}^f^{or Central American}^count^ries.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{Chapter 7—Debt-For-Natu}^re^E^x^changes
^g/w^{Sec. 461 [}^sic^{] (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2281) t}^h^{rough sec.}⁴⁶^{6 [}^sic^{] (}^{22 U.S.C. 22}⁸⁶⁾
^s^.or^{Sec. 46}^{2. Assistance for C}^o^m^{mercial Debt Exchanges.}⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2282; added in}
^le^ak¹⁹⁸^{9.) The USAID Administrator is authorized to fur}^{nish assistan}^c^e^{to facilitate debt-for-}
^://wiki^nature^swaps.
^h^ttp^Chapter^8—I^nter^{national Narcotics Control}^{Sec. 481 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2291) t}^hroug^{h sec. 4}^{90 (}^{22 U.S.C. 229}^1j)^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance^{Other Bilateral Economic Assista}^nce
^Department^{of State}
^Inter^{national Narcotics Control and Law E}^nforceme^nt
^Approp^{riates $5}^58.^{45 million, to}^{remain available until Septem}^ber^{30, 2}⁰¹^{0. (12}¹
^{Stat. 2303).}
^{Andean Count}^erdrug^Programs
^Approp^{riates $3}^27.^{46 million, to}^{remain available until Septem}^ber^{30, 2}⁰¹⁰⁽¹²¹
^{Stat. 2304).}
^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 611, availability of funds (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³¹^{7); sec.}
^615,^reprogram^{ming notification requirem}^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 619, allocations}
^{(121 Stat. 2}³²^{2); sec. 6}^{23, Afg}^han^{istan (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); sec. 6}^{49, C}^{olombia (121}
^{Stat. 2337); sec.}⁶⁶^{7, trade capaci}^{ty building (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{51); sec.}^{670, ge}^nder-based
^{violence (121 Stat. 2}³⁵^{3); sec. 68}^{3, extradition (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{59); a}^{nd sec. 68}^8,
^{combating piracy of U.S. copyrigh}^{ted materials (121 Stat. 2}³⁶^3).

^{earlier section, added in 1971}^an^{d subse}^que^{ntly re}^{pealed, authorized assistance for}
^refugee^{relief.) The President is authorized to fur}^{nish assistan}^{ce fo}^{r international disaster}
^{relief (subsec. (b)).}

^{disaster assistance for a}^short^pe^{riod in response to pa}^{rticular eve}^{nts. All of the following}
^{should be considered}^{historical, t}^{hough in}^{some sections a finite}^p^{eriod for funds to be}
^{available is not stated:}
^—^{Sec. 49}^{4. Disast}^{er Relief Assistance.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2292c; added in 19}^{74.) Additional}
^{funds a}^{re aut}^{horized for disaster relief and emerge}^{ncy re}^{covery n}^e^{eds in Pakistan and}
^Nicaragua.
^—^{Sec. 49}^{5. Cyprus Relief and Rehabilitation.}^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 229}^{2f; added in 19}^75.)
^Additi^{onal funds for relief for “}^r^e^{fugees a}^{nd other}^{needy p}^eople”.
^—^{Sec. 49}^{5B. Ita}^{ly Reli}^{ef and}^{Rehabilitation.}^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 2292}^{h; added in 19}^76.)
^Additi^{onal funds for fiscal year}¹⁹^{76 for}^earth^quake^{relief in Italy (s}^{ubsec. (a)). Additi}^onal
^funds^{for fiscal year}¹⁹^{78 for}^eart^hqua^{ke relief in Italy (su}^{bsec. (b)). Additi}^{onal funds for}
^{fiscal year 19}⁸¹^{for eart}^hq^{uake r}^{elief in Italy (subsec. (d)).}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^—^{Sec. 49}^{5C. Lebanon Relief and Rehabilitation.}^{(22 U.S.C.}²²⁹^{2i; added in 19}^76.)
^g/w^Additi^{onal funds for relief to “ref}^{ugees and oth}^er^{needy people in}^Lebanon”^{as a re}^{sult of}^{civil strife (subsec. (a)).}
^s^.or
^le^ak^—^{Sec. 49}^{5D. Romanian Relief and}^{Rehabilitation.}^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 229}^{2j; added in}
¹⁹⁷^{7.) Additional funds in fiscal year 1}⁹⁷⁷^{for eart}^hq^{uake r}^{elief in Romania (subsec. (a),}
^://wiki^(b)).
^h^ttp^—^{Sec. 49}^{5E. Turkey Reli}^{ef, Rehabilitat}^{ion, and Rec}^onstru^c^tion.^{(22 U.S.C.}
²²⁹^{2k; added in 1}⁹⁷^{7.) The President is “req}^{uested to use...funds}^{made available under}
^{section 49}^{2” for ea}^rth^quake^{relief in Turkey.}
^—^{Sec. 49}^{5F. African Reha}^{bilitation and Resettlem}^ent.^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 2292l; added in}
¹⁹⁷^{8.) Additional fund in fiscal year 19}⁸¹^{for relief to victims of civil strife in the}
^{developing countries of Africa.}
^—^{Sec. 49}^{5G. Special Caribbean Hurric}^{ane Relief Assistance.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2292m;}
^{added in 197}^{9.) Additi}^{onal funds i}ⁿ^{fiscal year}¹⁹⁸⁰^{for relief to Central American}^victims
^{of recent}^hu^rricanes.
^—^{Sec. 49}^{5H. Cambodian Disaster Relief Assistance.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2292n; added in}
¹⁹⁷^{9.) Additional funds in respo}ⁿ^{se to conditions of disease and famine in Cambodia.}
^—^{Sec. 49}^{5I. Assistance for Di}^{splaced Persons in}^{Central A}^merica.^{(22 U.S.C.}
²²⁹^2o^{; added in 19}^{81.) Additional funds in fiscal yea}^{rs 1}⁹⁸²^and¹⁹^{83 for displaced}
^{persons in}^{El Salvador, and for re}^{settlement of Haitians in Belize.}

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^—^{Sec. 495J}^{. Lebanon Emerg}^{ency Relief, Rehabili}^{tation, and Reco}^nstruction
^Assistance.^{(22 U.S.C. 2292}^{p; a}^{dded in 198}^{1.) Additi}^{onal funds i}ⁿ^res^{ponse to “rec}^ent
^{strife in Le}^banon”.
^—^{Sec. 495K}^{. African}^{Famine Assistance.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2292}^{q; a}^{dded in 198}^5.)
^Additi^{onal funds in fiscal year}¹⁹⁸⁵^{for famin}^{e relief in Africa.}

^Chapter^{10—Developme}^{nt Fu}^nd^{for Africa}^{See Part I, above.}
^{(Sec. 496 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2293) a}^{nd se}^{c. 497}^{(22 U.S.C. 229}⁴⁾⁾
^{Sec. 49}^{6. Long-Term Development Assistance fo}^{r Sub-Sa}^haran^Af^rica.⁽²²
^U.S.C^{. 2293; added in 1}⁹⁹^{0.) “}^Th^{e President is authorized to fur}ⁿⁱ^{sh...assistance...for}
^{long-term development in s}^ub-Sa^{haran A}^{frica” (su}^{bsec. (b)). Any r}^eference^{in law to}
^{Development Assistance}^should^{be u}^{nderstood to also mean assistance u}^{nder t}^his
^chapte^{r (su}^{bsec. (d)). “[A]ssistance...shall emphasize” economic reform, protection of}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^vulnera^{ble groups, democratization, conflict resolution (subsec. (h}^{)), agricultural}
^g/w^{production, natu}^{ral resource}^dev^{elopment, health, voluntary}^{family planning, edu}^cation,^{income-generating op}^portunities^{(subsec. (I)), regional integration (subsec. (l)), and}
^s^.or^sup^{port to sectors s}^u^p^{ported by}^{the Souther}^{n Af}^{rica Developmen}^{t Coordination}
^le^ak^Conference^{(SADCC) (subsec. (o)).}
^://wiki^{Sec. 49}^{7. Authorizations of}^A^ppro^{priations f}^{or the Development Fund fo}^r
^h^ttp^Afric^a.^{(22 U.S.C. 229}^{1; added in 1}⁹⁹^{0.) Authorizes fu}^{nds to rem}^{ain available until}^expe^nded.
^Chapter^11—S^up^{port for th}^{e Ec}^{onomic and Democratic Development of th}^e^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance
^Indepe^{ndent States of t}^{he Forme}^{r Soviet Union}^{Other Bilateral Economic Assista}^nce
^{Sec. 498 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2295) t}^hroug^{h sec. 4}^{98C (}^{22 U.S.C. 2295}^c)^{Assistance for t}^{he I}^ndepe^{ndent S}^{tates of the Former}^{Soviet Union}
^Approp^{riates $3}^99.^{74 million, to}^{remain available until Septem}^ber^{30, 2}⁰⁰^{9, for}
^chapte^{r 1}^{1, cha}^pter^{12, and FRE}^E^{DOM Sup}^{port Act}^{programs (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^01).
^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 611, availability of funds (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³¹^{7); sec.}
^615,^reprogram^{ming notification requirem}^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 617,}
^independent^{states of t}^{he forme}^r^{Soviet Union (121 Stat. 23}^{20); se}^{c. 619, allocations}
^{(121 Stat. 2}³²^{2); sec. 6}^{23, Afg}^han^{istan (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); sec. 6}^{61, c}^{ommunity-based}
^{police assistance (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^47);^{sec. 66}^{4, basic education (}¹²¹^{Stat. 234}^{9); sec.}
^{667, t}^{rade capacity}^{building (12}¹^{Stat. 2351); a}^{nd sec. 6}^{70, gende}^{r-based violence}
^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁵^3).

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 49}^{8. Assistance for the I}^{ndependent States}^.^{(22 U.S.C.}²²^{95; added in 1}⁹⁹^2.)
^{“The President is aut}^{horized to provide assistance to the indepe}^nd^{ent states of t}^he
^{former Soviet Union” for urge}^nt^huma^{nitarian needs, democracy}^{and rule of law}
^{programs, developing an inde}^pen^{dent media, developing private e}^nterp^{rise, promoting}
^{trade and investme}^{nt, promoting}^{market-based distribution of agri}^{culture, stre}^ngthe^ning
^{health and}^huma^{n se}^{rvices, refor}^{ming education, promoting mark}^{et-based pricing for}
^{energy, implementing}^{civilian nuclear reactor sa}^{fety, en}^{hancing e}^nvi^{ronmental p}^rotections
^{and conservation, improving t}^ran^{sportation, promoting illic}^{it drug control, and protecting}
^{refugees, migra}^{nts and t}^{he displac}^ed.
^{Sec. 49}^{8C. Authorization o}^f^Appr^opriations.⁽²^{2 U.S.C. 229}^{5c; added in 19}^92.)
^{Authorizes fu}^{nds for fiscal year}¹^993.
^Chapter^12—S^up^{port for th}^{e Ec}^{onomic and Polit}^{ical Independenc}^{e of the Cou}^{ntries of}^{See authorization in chapte}^{r 1}^{1, a}^bove.
^{the South Ca}^ucasus^{and Ce}^ntral^Asia
^{Sec. 499 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2296) t}^hroug^{h sec. 4}^{99F (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2296}^f)
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{Sec. 49}^{9. United S}^{tates Assis}^{tance To Pr}^{omote Reco}^{nciliation And}^Recovery
^g/w^{From Region}^{al Con}^flicts.⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2296; added in 1}⁹⁹^{9.) “[T]he President is}
^s^.or^{authorized to provide huma}^{nitarian assistance}^{and economic reco}^nstru^{ction assistance}
^le^ak^{for the cou}^{ntries of t}^{he South Ca}^ucasus^{and Cent}^{ral Asia” (subse}^{c. (a)) “(1)..}^.for
^huma^{nitarian needs of}^{victims of the conflicts; (2) facilitating the re}^{turn of}^ref^{ugees a}^nd
^://wiki^{internally displaced persons to t}^h^{eir homes; and (3) assisting in}^the^reconstr^{uction of}^{residential and economic infrastr}^uctur^{e destroyed by}^{war” (su}^bse^{c. (c)).}
^h^ttp
^{Sec. 49}^{9A. Econ}^omic^Assistance.^{(22 U.S.C. 2296a; added in}¹⁹⁹^{9.) The President is}
^{authorized to fur}^{nish assistan}^{ce t}^o^{the region (su}^{bsec. (b)) to “su}^p^{port the developme}^nt
^{of the str}^uctu^{res a}^{nd means}^nece^{ssary for t}^{he growth}^{of private}^se^{ctor economies”}
^{(subsec. (c)).}
^{Sec. 49}^{9B. D}^eve^{lopment of I}^nfrastru^cture.^{(22 U.S.C. 229}⁶^{b; added in 19}^99.)
^{Authorizes the}^Ex^port-Import^{Bank, Overseas}^{Private Inv}^estment^{Corporation, and}
^{Trade and Development Age}^ncy^{(subsec. (b)) to su}^{pport “t}^he^part^{icipation of United}
^{States companies and in}^{vestors in}^{the plan}^{ning, fina}^{ncing, and const}^{ruction of}
^infrastr^uctu^{re for comm}^unication^{s, transportation,...and energy an}^{d trade” (subsec. (c)).}
^{Sec. 49}^{9C. Border Contr}^{ol A}^ssistance.^{(22 U.S.C. 2296c; added in 19}^{99.) The}

^{President is authorized to fur}^nish^{assistance (su}^{bsec. (b)) for maint}^{aining “national border}
^{guards, coast guard, and c}^ustoms^{controls” (subsec. (c)).}

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 49}^{9D. S}^treng^{thening, Tolerance, and the Development of Civil Society.}
^{(22 U.S.C. 2296d; added in 1}⁹⁹^{9.) The President is aut}^{horized to furnish}^assistance^for
^{the development of democra}^{cy, nongovernme}^{ntal organizations, i}^ndepende^{nt media, rule}
^{of law, independent judiciary, transpare}^{ncy i}ⁿ^{both gove}^rna^{nce an}^{d commerce,}
^{international exc}^{hanges, th}^{e train}^{ing of professionals, and adhere}ⁿ^{ce to civil and politica}^l
^{rights (su}^{bsec. (b)).}
^{Part II}
^{Chapter 1—Policy}
^{Sec. 501 (2}^{2. U.S.C. 2301) th}^roug^{h sec. 5}^{02B (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2304)}
^{Chapter 2—Military}^Assistance
^{Sec. 503 (2}^{2 U.S.C. ) through sec}^{. 517 (}^{22 U.S.C. )}
^{Sec. 50}^{3. General Authority.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2311; in original Act, though s}^u^b^stantially
^{restated in 1}⁹⁷^{3.) “The President}^{is authorized to fur}^{nish military assistance...to any}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{friendly countr}^{y or inter}^{national organization, the assisting of which the Pr}^{esident finds}^{will strengthen t}^{he sec}^{urity of th}^{e United States and promote wo}^{rld peace and w}^{hich is}
^g/w^{otherwise eligible to receive such}^{assistance” (su}^{bsec. (a)).}
^s^.or^{Sec. 50}^{4. A}^{uthorization.}⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2312; in original Act, thou}^{gh su}^{bstantially restated}
^le^ak^{in 19}^{85.) Aut}^{horizes funds}^{for fis}^{cal years 1}⁹⁸⁶^and¹⁹^87.
^://wiki^{Sec. 50}^{6. Special Authority.}⁽^{22 U.S.C. 2318; in}^{original Act, though su}^bsta^ntially
^h^ttp^{restated in 1}⁹⁷^{6, 19}^{79.) The Pre}^s^{ident is authorized to draw down defense articles, not}^{to exceed $1}⁰⁰^{million (or}^{, in some select instance}^{s, $2}⁰⁰^milli^{on), to meet unforese}^en
^{emergencies (s}^{ubsec. (a)). The Pr}^{esident is authorized suc}^{h su}^{ms a}^s^{may be}^neces^{sary to}
^reimbur^{se the}^app^{ropriation fro}^{m which}^{he ha}^{s drawn}^{down (su}^b^{sec. (d)).}
^{Sec. 51}^{6. Authority to Transf}^{er Excess Defense Articles.}⁽^{22 U.S.C. 2321j; in}^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 624,}^{notification on excess}^defense
^{original Act, though sub}^{stantially restated in 1}⁹⁹^{5.) “The President}^{is authorized to}^equipme^{nt (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³²^{3); and s}^{ec. 669, e}^{xcess def}^{ense a}^{rticles f}^{or central and}
^transfe^{r exc}^{ess defe}^{nse articles t}^o^{countries for w}^{hich re}^{ceipt of s}^{uch a}^{rticles was}^{south E}^uropea^{n cou}^{ntries a}^{nd ce}^{rtain other cou}^{ntries (1}²¹^{Stat. 2}^353).
^{justified” (subsec. (a)). The aggregate value of exce}^{ss defe}^{nse artic}^{les transfer}^{red...in any}
^{fiscal year may not e}^{xceed $}⁴²^5,000,⁰⁰^{0” (su}^{bsec. (g)).}
^Chapter^{3—Foreign Military Sales}

^{Sec. 524 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2344)}

^{though s}^u^b^{stantially restated in 1}⁹⁷¹^{and again in}¹⁹^{78.) The “Pre}^s^{ident is authorized to}
^fur^{nish assistan}^{ce to count}^{ries an}^{d organizations..}^{.in order to promote economic or}
^politica^{l stability.”}

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 53}^{2. Authorization of}^A^ppro^priations.⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2346}^{a; in original Act as}
^{“Supporting As}^{sistance”, thoug}^h^substa^{ntially restated in 1}⁹⁷¹^and^{again in 1}⁹⁷^8.)
^{Authorizes fu}^{nds for fiscal year}^s¹⁹⁸^{6 a}^{nd 1}⁹⁸⁷^{for Is}^{rael and Eg}^y^{pt, and other}^fu^{nds in}
^{the same}^{period the re}^{cipients of}^{which to be}^{determined as}^follo^{ws: “The Secretary of}
^{State shall be res}^{ponsible for policy decisions and justifications for}^{economic sup}^port
^programs^{under t}^{his cha}^{pter, incl}^{uding determination of whet}^{her t}^{here will be an}
^{economic sup}^{port p}^{rogram for a}^{country a}^{nd the}^amount^{of the}^p^{rogram for eac}^h
^{country. The Sec}^{retary s}^{hall exer}^{cise this respo}^{nsibility in cooperation with the}
^{Administration of the agency}^pri^{marily responsible for administeri}^{ng part}^{I of t}^{his Act”}
^{(sec. 531(}^b)).
^{Sec. 53}^{3. Emergency Assistance.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2346}^{b; added in}¹⁹⁸^{1.) Authorizes some}
^{of the f}^{unds defined in}^{sec. 5}^{32 t}^o^{be made available for emerge}^nc^{y use “w}^{hen t}^he
^{national interests of the}^{United States urge}^{ntly re}^{quire economic}^sup^{port to promote}
^{economic or political stabi}^{lity” (s}^{ubsec. (a)).}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{Sec. 53}^{4. Administration of J}^ustice.^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 234}^{6c; added in 1}⁹⁸^{5.) Authorizes}
^g/w^{the President to f}^urnis^{h assistanc}^{e “to countries a}^{nd organizations, including national and}^{regional institutions, in order to strengthe}^{n t}^{he administration of justice in cou}^{ntries in}
^s^.or^{Latin America and t}^{he Carib}^bean^{” (subsec. (a)).}
^le^ak
^Chapter^5—I^nter^{national Military Education and Training}^{Title IV—Mil}^{itary Assistance}
^://wiki^{Sec. 541 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2347) t}^hroug^{h sec. 5}^{49 (}^{22 U.S.C. 234}^7h)^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the President}
^h^ttp^Inter^{national Military Education and Training}
^Approp^{riates $8}^5.8^{8 million, of}^{which u}^p^{to $}³^{million may remain available until}
^expe^{nded (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^09).
^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 611, availability of funds (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³¹^{7); sec.}
^615,^reprogram^{ming notification requirem}^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 623, Afg}^hanistan
^{(121 Stat. 2}³²^{3); sec. 6}^{48, p}^rohib^{ition of payment of ce}^{rtain ex}^pen^{ses (12}^{1 Stat.}
²³³^{7); sec. 6}^{49, Colombia (121 S}^{tat. 233}^{7); sec. 6}^{70, gender-}^based^{violence (121}
^{Stat. 2353); a}^{nd sec. 6}^{72, wester}^{n hemis}^pher^{e (12}¹²^{Stat. 235}^4).
^{Sec. 54}^{1. General Authority.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2347; added in 1}⁹⁷^{6.) “The President is}
^{authorized to fur}^nish...mil^{itary education and training to military a}^{nd related civilian}
^person^{nel of foreign cou}^ntries.”
^{Sec. 54}^{2. Authorization.}⁽²²^U.S.C^{. 2347a; added in 1}⁹⁷^{6.) Au}^{thorizes funds}^{for fiscal}

^{years 1}⁹⁸⁶^and¹⁹^87.

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 54}^{4. Exchange Trainin}^g.^{(22 U.S.C. 2347c; added in}¹⁹^85.^{) “The President is}
^{authorized to provide for the att}^{endance of foreig}^{n military perso}^{nnel at p}^rofessional
^{military education institutions in the United States (other t}^{han s}^erv^{ice academies)”}
^{(subsec. (a)). “The President may}^{provide for the atte}^ndance^{of foreign military and}
^{civilian defense person}^{nel at flight}^{training sc}^{hools and programs” (}^{subsec. (b)).}
^{Chapter 6—}^{Peacekeeping Operations}^{Title IV—Mil}^{itary Assistance}
^{Sec. 551 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2348) t}^hroug^{h sec. 5}^{54 (}^{22 U.S.C. 234}^8d)^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the President}
^{Peacekeeping O}^perations
^Approp^{riates $2}^63.^{23 million (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^11).
^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 615, r}^eprogram^{ming notification}
^requirem^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 619, allocations (121 Stat. 2}³²²^{); sec. 623,}
^Afghanistan⁽¹²^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); sec.}⁶³^{4, special authorities (1}^{21 Stat}^{. 232}^{8); sec. 6}^45,
^{war crimes trib}^{unals drawdown (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{36); sec. 6}^{70, ge}^nder-^{based violence}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁵^{3); and sec.}⁶⁸^{7, war crimes in Af}^{rica (12}^{1 Stat. 23}⁶²^).
^g/w^{Sec. 55}^{1. General Authority.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2348; added in 1}⁹⁷^{8.) “The President is}
^s^.or^{authorized to fur}^{nish assistan}^{ce t}^o^{friendly countries a}^{nd internati}^{onal organizations.}^..for
^le^ak^peacekeepi^{ng operations a}^{nd oth}^{er program}^{s carried out in}^fu^rthe^{rance of t}^{he national}
^{security inter}^{ests of t}^{he United States.”}
^://wiki^{Sec. 55}^{2. Authorization of}^A^ppro^priations.⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2348}^{a; added in 197}^8.)
^h^ttp^{Authorizes fu}^{nds for fiscal year}^s¹⁹⁸^{6 a}^{nd 1}⁹⁸⁷^(su^{bsec. (a)). Authorizes the President to}
^transfe^{r limited funds from}^Econ^{omic Support Fu}^{nds to Peacekee}^{ping to res}^{pond to an}
^unforese^{en eme}^rgenc^{y (su}^{bsec. (}^{c); added in 197}^9).
^{Chapter 7—}^{Air Base Const}^ructi^{on in Israel}
^{Sec. 561 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2349) t}^hroug^{h sec. 5}^{63 (}²³⁴⁹^b)
^{Sec. 56}^{1. General Authority.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2349; added in 1}⁹⁷^{9.) “The President is}
^{authorized...t}^{o construct s}^{uch air}^{bases in}^{Israel...to replace the...ai}^{rbases located at}
^{Etzion and Etam on}^{the Sinai pe}^{ninsula that}^{are to be}^evacuat^{ed” (para. (1)), and “to}
^fur^{nish...defense articles and defe}^{nse ser}^{vices” (para. (2)).}
^{Sec. 56}^{2. Authorization and}^Utilizat^{ion of Fun}^ds.^{(22 U.S.C. 234}^{9a; added in}^Suppleme^{ntal Appro}^{priations Act}^{, 197}^{9 (P.L. 96-3}^{5; 9}³^{Stat. 10}^{3) p}^{rovided $800}
¹⁹⁷^{9.) Authorizes $}⁸⁰⁰^{million, t}^o^{remain available until expe}^nded^{(subsec. (a)).}^mill^ion.

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Chapter 8—Antiter}^rorism^Assist^ance^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^{stance Ot}^{her Bilateral Economic}^Assistance
^{Sec. 571 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2349aa) t}^hro^{ugh se}^{c. 57}^{5 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2349aa-5}⁾^{Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs}
^Approp^{riates $4}⁸⁷^{million to carry out c}^hapter^{8, cha}^pter^{9 (belo}^{w), sec. 504 of t}^he
^{FREEDOM Su}^{pport Act, se}^{c. 23}^{of the Arms}^E^{xport Control Act, or other sections}
^{of the Foreign Assistance}^{Act of}¹⁹⁶^{1 t}^{hat ap}^{ply to demining activ}^ities
⁽¹²²^{1 Stat. 23}^06).
^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 611, availability of funds (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³¹^{7); sec.}
^615,^reprogram^{ming notification requirem}^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 619, allocations}
^{(121 Stat. 2}³²^{2); sec. 6}^{23, Afg}^han^{istan (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); sec. 6}^64,^b^{asic education}
^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁴^{9); sec. 6}^{70, gende}^r^{-based violence (121}^{Stat. 23}^53);^{and sec. 68}^3,
^{extradition (121 Stat. 2}³⁵^9).
^{Sec. 57}^{1. General Authority.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2349aa; added in 1}⁹⁸³^{.) The “President is}
^{authorized to fur}^{nish...assistance to foreign countries in orde}^{r to e}^nhan^{ce the}^{ability of}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{their law enforcem}^ent^person^nel^{to deter terrorists and te}^rrorist^{groups f}^{rom engaging}
^g/w^{in international terrorist acts...” n}^{otwithstanding most other}^{provisions of law.}
^s^.or^{Sec. 57}^{4. Authorizations of}^A^ppro^priations.⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2349}^{aa-4; added in 198}^3,
^le^ak^{with sub}^{stantial amendme}^{nts th}^e^{reafter.) Authorizes f}^unds^{for fisc}^{al years 2}⁰⁰¹^thro^ugh
²⁰⁰^3.
^://wiki^{Chapter 9—}^Non^{proliferation an}^{d Export}^{Control Assistance}^{See chapter}^{8, above.}
^h^ttp^{Sec. 581 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2349}^{bb) t}^hro^{ugh se}^{c. 58}^{6 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2349}^bb-4⁾^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 611, availability of funds (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³¹^7).
^{Sec. 58}^{2. Authorization of}^As^sistance.^{(22 U.S.C. 2349b}^{b-1; a}^{dded in 200}^{0.) The}
^{“President is authorized to fur}^{nish...assistance ... [for] training services and the}^provision
^{of funds, eq}^uipme^{nt, and other}^c^ommodit^{ies related to the detection, deterrence,}
^{monitoring, interdiction, and prevention or counte}^{ring of}^{proliferation, the establishment}
^{of effective non}^{proliferation laws and regulations, and the}^ap^prehe^{nsion of those}
^{individuals involved}^{in acts of pro}^{liferation of such wea}^pons.”
^{Sec. 58}^{4. International Nonproliferation Exp}^{ort Contr}^ol^Training.⁽²²^U.S.C.
²³⁴^9b^{b-2a; added in 2}⁰⁰^{2.) “The}^{President is authorized to fur}^nish^...educati^{on and}
^{training to app}^{ropriate military and civilian personnel of foreign}^c^{ountries for t}^he
^pur^{pose of en}^han^{cing the}^non^{proliferation and export cont}^{rol cap}^{abilities of such}
^person^{nel...” (}^{Subsec. (a)).}
^{Sec. 58}^{6. Authorization of}^A^ppro^priations.⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2349}^{bb-4; added in 2}⁰⁰^0,

^substa^{ntially updated in 2}⁰⁰^{2.) Authorizes fu}^{nds for fiscal yea}^{r 2}⁰^03.

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Part III}
^{Chapter 1—Ge}^neral^Provisions
^{Sec. 601 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2351) t}^hroug^{h sec. 6}^20J⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2378d)}
^{Chapter 2—Administrative}^Provisions
^{Sec. 621 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2381) t}^hroug^{h sec. 6}^{40C (}^{22 U.S.C. 2399d)}
^{Sec. 63}^{5. General Authoritie}^s.^{(22 U.S.C. 2395; in original Act}^{.) “The President may}^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance
^{make loans, advances, and gra}^nts^{to, make and perform}^agreeme^nt^{s and contract}^{s with,}^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the Presi}^dent
^{or enter into othe}^{r tra}^nsactions^{with, any individual, corporation,}^{or other body of}^{Development Credit Authority}
^{persons, f}^{riendly governme}^{nt or}^government^{agency, w}^hethe^{r within or without t}^he
^{United States and international organizations in furt}^hera^{nce of t}^h^e^pur^{poses a}^{nd with in}^Approp^{riates, for this section a}ⁿ^d^{sec. 635,}^{up to}^$2^{1 million to be derived by}
^{the limitations of this Act” (subse}^{c. (b)).}^transfe^{r from f}^unds^ap^propriated^{for Part I, or from f}^{unds int}^ended^{for “Assistance}
^{for Easter}^{n E}^urope^{and t}^{he Baltic States” (121}^{Stat. 22}^96).
^Approp^{riates $8.}^{16 million for administrative expe}^nses^{for USAID to carry out}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{credit programs to re}^{main available until Septem}^ber^{30, 2}⁰¹⁰⁽¹²¹^{Stat. 22}^96).
^g/w^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 623, Afg}^hanista^{n (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); and s}^ec.
^s^.or^{699F, Pakistan (1}²¹^{Stat. 23}^70).
^le^ak^{Sec. 63}^{7. Administrative Exp}^enses.^{(22 U.S.C}^{. 2397; i}ⁿ^{original Act.) Authorizes}^{Last ap}^{propriated for in}^{fiscal year 19}⁷⁵^{(P.L. 93-24}^0).
^approp^{riations, in “such a}^mounts^{as may be}^nece^ssary^{from time t}^o^{time for}
^://wiki^{administrative expe}^{nses” of t}^{he S}^{tate Departme}^{nt for f}^uⁿ^{ctions in}^{this Act and in}
^h^ttp^“unre^{pealed provisions of the}^Mu^{tual Security Act of}¹⁹^{54 [}^predec^{essor to the Foreign}^{Assistance Act of}¹⁹^{61]” (s}^ubse^{c. (b)).}
^{Chapter 3—Miscellaneous}^Provis^ions
^{Sec. 641 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2401) t}^hroug^{h sec. 6}^{67 (}^{22 U.S.C. 242}⁷⁾
^{Sec. 66}^{1. Trade and Development Agency.}^{(22 U.S.C. 242}^1;^{added in 197}^4,^{Title II—Export a}^{nd Inv}^estment^{Assistance Fu}^{nds Ap}^{propriated t}^o^{the President}
^substa^{ntively restated in}¹⁹^{92.) E}^{stablishes the}^{Trade and Develop}^{ment Agen}^{cy (TDA)}^{Trade and Development Age}^ncy
^{and authorizes its director to pro}^{vide funds for TDA p}^{rograms (su}^{bsec. (a)). Authorizes}
^funds^{for fiscal year}²⁰^{00 a}^{nd “su}^{ch su}^{ms as ma}^{y be}^necessa^{ry for}^{each fiscal year}^Approp^{riates $5}^{0.4 million, to remain available until Septembe}^{r 3}⁰^,²⁰⁰^{9 (1}^{21 Stat.}
^thereafte^{r” (su}^{bsec. (f)).}²²⁹^1).
^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: Sec. 605, limitation on represe}^{ntational allowance}
^{(121 Stat. 2}³¹^{3); sec. 6}^{11, availab}^{ility of funds (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{17); sec}^{. 615,}
^{reprogramming}^{notification requi}^{rements (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); sec.}⁶¹^{7, independe}^nt
^{states of the}^{former Soviet Union (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{20); se}^{c. 63}^{0, finan}^{cial market}
^{assistance (1}^{21 Stat. 2}³²^{7); and s}^{ec. 653, a}^{uthorization req}^uireme^{nt (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^42).

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 66}^{7. Operating Expenses.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2427; added in 1}⁹⁷⁵^,^substa^{ntively restated}^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^stance
^{in 19}^{77.) Aut}^{horizes funds}^{for fis}^{cal years 1}⁹⁸⁶^and¹⁹⁸⁷^{for the a}^{dministration of part I}^{Funds Ap}^prop^{riated to the President}
^{of the Act—covering developme}^{nt assistance}^{and other}^{nonmilitary assistance}^programs.^Operating^Ex^pen^{ses of th}^{e USAID}
^Approp^{riates $6}^55.^{8 million, of}^{which u}^p^{to $}²⁵^milli^{on may rem}^{ain available until}
^September³^{0, 20}^{09 (}¹²¹^{Stat. 22}^96).
^{Capital Investme}^{nt Fu}^{nd of the U}^SAID
^Approp^{riates $8}^{8 million, to remain available until expe}^{nded, for overseas}
^{construction a}^{nd related costs (1}^{21 Stat. 2}²⁹^7).
^Operating^Ex^pen^{ses of th}^{e USAID}
^{Office of In}^spector^Gen^eral
^Approp^{riates $3}^{8 million, to remain available until September}³^{0, 200}⁹
^{(121 Stat. 2}²⁹^7).
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^{See also, for terms and conditions: sec. 615, r}^eprogram^{ming notification}
^g/w^requirem^{ents (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}^{18); se}^{c. 623, Afg}^hanistan⁽¹²^{1 Stat. 23}²^{3); sec. 63}^4,
^s^.or^{special authorities (12}^{1 Stat. 23}²^{8); and sec. 6}^{99, disability progra}^ms
^le^ak^{(121 Stat. 2}³⁶^7).
^://wiki^{Part IV—Ente}^rprise^{for the A}^mer^{icas Initiative}^{Sec. 701 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2430) t}^hroug^{h sec. 7}^{10 (}^{22 U.S.C. 243}⁰ⁱ⁾^{Title III—Bilateral Economic Assi}^{stance Ot}^{her Bilateral Economic}^Assistance^Department^{of the Trea}^sury
^h^ttp
^{Debt Restruct}^uring
^Approp^{riates $3}^{0.3 million, to remain available until Septembe}^{r 3}⁰^,²⁰¹^{0, for this}
^{Part, Part V (below), authorities i}ⁿ^{the Food for Peace Act (P.L. 83}^{-480), the Foreign}
^{Operations, E}^{xport Fina}^{ncing, an}^{d Related Programs appropriations Act, 1}⁹⁸⁹^(P.L.
^100-⁴⁶^{1), the E}^xport-I^{mport Ban}^{k Act of 1}⁹⁴⁵^{(P.L. 79-17}^{3), and t}^{he miscellaneous}
^approp^{riations in the Consolidated Approp}^{riations, Fiscal Year 2000 (P.L. 10}^6-11^3,
^{H.R. 3424 a}^s^enact^{ed) (121}^{Stat. 230}^7).
^{See also, for condit}^{ions and term}^{s: sec. 623, Afg}^hanista^{n (12}^{1 Stat. 23}^{23); and s}^ec.
^{663, a}^{uthority to engage}^{in debt}^buy^{backs or sales (}¹²¹^{Stat. 23}⁴⁸^).
^{Sec. 70}^{4. Reduction of Certai}^{n Debt.}^{(22 U.S.C. 2430c; added in 19}^{92.) “The}

^{President may redu}^{ce the}^amoun^{t owed to the United States...as a}^{result of conce}^ssional
^{loans made to an eligible country...” in the form of Development A}^{ssistance or other}
^{nonmilitary aid, Economic Support Fund, or earlier forms of}^{foreign aid. “The authority}
^{provided by this section ma}^{y be}^e^{xercised only in s}^{uch a}^{mounts or}^{to such e}^xte^{nt as is}
^{provided in advance b}^y^ap^propria^{tions Acts.” (Subsec. (a)).}

^{Department of State/Foreign Operations}^Appr^op^riations
^{Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of}^{1961, as amended}^{(Division J of P.L. 110-}¹⁶¹^{; 12}^{1 Stat}^{. 22}^{77; as continued by}
^{(P.L. 87-}¹⁹^{5; 2}²^{U.S.C. 2}¹⁵¹^{et seq.)}^{sec. 101 of P.L. 1}^10-3²⁹^{; 12}^{2 Stat.}³⁵⁷⁴⁾
^{Sec. 70}^{8. Americas Framewo}^{rk Agreements.}^{(22 U.S.C. 243}^{0g; added in 19}^92.)
^{“The Secretary of State is a}^uthori^zed..^{.to enter into an Americas F}^{ramework Agreeme}^nt
^{with any eligible country}^concerⁿ^{ing the operations a}^{nd us}^{e of the}^{Americas Fund}^for
^{that count}^{ry” (su}^{bsec. (a)). The Americas Fund is esta}^{blished u}^{nder sec. 7}^{07 (}^22U.S.C.
²⁴³^0f).
^{Part V—Debt Reduction for Dev}^{eloping Countries with Tropical}^Forests^{See Part IV, above.}
^{Sec. 801 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2151}^{note) th}^{rough sec.}⁸¹^{3 (2}^{2 U.S.C. 2431k)}
^{Sec. 80}^{6. Reduction of Debt}^{Owed to the United States a}^s^{a Result of}
^Concession^{al Loans}^{under th}^{e Foreign Assistance A}^{ct of 1}^961.^{(22 U.S.C.}
²⁴³^{1d; added in 19}^{97.) “The Pre}^s^{ident may reduce}^{the amo}^{unt ow}^{ed to the United}
^{States...as a result of concessional loans made to an eligible county...” in the form of}
^{Development Assistance or}^othe^{r nonmilitary aid, Economic Supp}^{ort Fund, or earlier}
^{forms of foreign aid. Authorizes f}^{unds for}^{fiscal years 1}⁹⁹⁹^t^hroug^{h 2}⁰⁰¹^(su^{bsec. (a)).}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-R40089}^Further^aut^{horizes funds}^{to redu}^{ce debt u}^{nder t}^{his section or u}ⁿ^d^{er sec. 8}^{07, relating to}^{Food for Peace credits, for fiscal}^{years 2}⁰⁰²^th^rough²⁰⁰⁷^(su^bsec^{. (d))}^{. Program}
^g/w^{conducted u}^{nder th}^{e Tropical Forest Facility, established in sec. 80}^{4 (22}^{U.S.C. 2431b).}
^s^.or^{Sec. 80}^{7. Reduction of Debt}^{Owed to the United States a}^s^{a Result of C}^redits
^le^ak^{Extended Under Title I of the Food f}^{or Peace A}^ct.^{(22 U.S.C. 243}^{1e; added in}
^://wiki¹⁹⁹^{7.) The President is a}^{uthorized to reduce debt as}^{a res}^{ult of cr}^{edits extended u}^nder^{the Food for Peace program (}⁷^U^.S.C^{. 1701}^{et seq.). Aut}^{horizes fu}^{nds for fiscal years}
^h^ttp¹⁹⁹^{9 t}^hroug^{h 2}⁰⁰¹^(su^{bsec. (a)).}
^{Sec. 80}^{8. Authority to Enga}^g^e^{in Debt-For-Nature Swaps and Debt Buybacks.}
^{(22 U.S.C. 2431f; added in}¹⁹^{97.) The President is aut}^{horized to swap or redu}^{ce debt in}
^excha^{nge for a}^{recipient co}^untr^{y’s investment}^{in its nat}^{ural resou}^r^{ces (sec. 80}^9(d))
^{(subsec. (a)).}
^{Sec. 80}^{9. Tropical Forest Ag}^reement.^{(22 U.S.}^{C. 2431g; add}^{ed in 19}^{97.) “The}
^{Secretary of State is aut}^horized..^.^{to enter into a Tropical Forest A}^{greement with}^any
^{eligible country concer}^{ning the}^{operation and}^{use of t}^{he Fu}^{nd for}^{that count}^{ry.” (su}^bsec.
^{(a)). Authorizes making funds ava}^{ilable for various natural re}^sourc^{e-related investments}
^{(subsec. (d)). The Tropical Forest Fund is established}^under^{sec. 8}¹⁰⁽²²^{U.S.C. 2431h).}
^Source:^{Compiled by CRS}

^Diann^e^{E. R}^eⁿⁿ^ac^k
^Sp^{ecialist i}ⁿ^Fo^r^e^igⁿ^P^o^lic^y^Legⁱ^sla^tioⁿ
^drenⁿ^ack@^c^rs^.l^oc.g^o^v^{, 7-}⁷⁶⁰⁸