Authorization of Use of U.S. Armed Forces Against Iraq: Side-by-Side Comparison of Selected Legislative Proposals

Report for Congress
Iraq: Authorization of Use of U.S. Armed Forces –
Side-By-Side Comparison of Public Law 107-243
and Selected Legislative Proposals
Updated October 16, 2002
Dianne E. Rennack
Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division

Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Iraq: Authorization of Use of U.S. Armed Forces –
Side-By-Side Comparison of Public Law 107-243 and
Selected Legislative Proposals
Summary
On October 16, 2002, the President signed H.J. Res. 114 into law as Public Law
107-243 (116 Stat. 1498), wherein Congress authorized the President to use United
States Armed Forces against Iraq. This report presents a side-by-side comparison of
Public Law 107-243 and selected alternative legislative proposals considered in 107^th
Congress.
Public Law 107-243 [H.J.Res. 114, Hastert-Gephardt], the Spratt amendment,
S.J.Res. 45 [Daschle-Lott], a draft proposal by Senators Biden and Lugar
[Biden-Lugar], and a draft proposal by Senator Levin were central to the debates
waged in the House and Senate in early October 2002. S.J.Res. 46 [Lieberman] is
not explicitly included here because of its substantial similarity to H.J.Res. 114.
Each would have authorized the President to use U.S. Armed Forces against Iraq.
Each, however, presented different reasons for the authorization, conditions and
thresholds to be met, congressional consultation requirements, and reporting
requirements.

Contents
Overview ........................................................1
Side-by-Side Comparison...........................................5

Iraq: Authorization of Use of U.S. Armed
Forces – Side-by-Side Comparison of Public
Law 107-243 and Selected Legislative
Proposals
Overview
On October 10, 2002, the House of Representatives passed H.J.Res. 114 to
authorize the President to use United States Armed Forces against Iraq. The Senate,
having debated its own resolution throughout the week, adopted the House language
without amendment in the early hours of October 11, 2002. President Bush signed
H.J.Res. 114 into law on October 16, 2002 (P.L. 107-243; 116 Stat. 1498).
In the course of the debate, both chambers considered a range of options, to
either authorize a preemptive and unilateral strike or to support deployment as part
of a larger multinational effort to implement and enforce United Nations Security
Council resolutions. The White House had prepared draft language in September to
provide the broadest authority to the President; this emerged as S.J.Res. 45,
introduced by Senators Daschle and Lott on September 26, 2002. A clause in
S.J.Res. 45 that would have authorized the President to use force not just against Iraq
but also to “restore international peace and security in the region” raised concern on
Capitol Hill, and led to the drafting of a “compromise House/White House plan,”
H.J.Res. 114, introduced on October 2 by Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert and
Minority Leader Richard Gephardt. H.J.Res. 114 was marked up by the Committee
on International Relations on October 3, and reported to the House on October 7.
House rules provided for 20 hours of debate on H.J.Res. 114. Debate began on
October 8. Two amendments, in the nature of a substitute, were considered and
rejected:
^!Representative Lee proposed language to resolve the conflict with
Iraq through the United Nations “through mechanisms such as the
resumption of weapons inspections, negotiation, enquiry, mediation,
regional arrangements, and other peaceful means.” Failed by a vote
of 72 - 355 (October 10).
^!Representative Spratt proposed language to authorize the President
to use U.S. Armed Forces against Iraq pursuant to a new United
Nations Security Council resolution requiring the elimination of
Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles. Failed by
a vote of 155 - 270 (October 10).

Representative Kucinich moved to recommit H.J.Res. 114 to the Committee on
International Relations, with instructions to report back a committee amendment to
the measure that would require the President to report to Congress on the impact the
use of armed force would have on U.S. national security interests prior to
deployment. The Kucinich motion failed, by a vote of 101 - 325. H.J.Res. 114 was
cleared for a final vote, and passed the House by a vote of 296 - 133.
In the Senate the debate began with S.J.Res. 45, introduced by Senators Daschle
and Lott on September 26, 2002, and placed on the Senate General Calendar
September 30. Daschle-Lott was derived from an earlier White House proposal. A
motion to begin the debate was made on October 1; cloture on that motion was
invoked on October 3, by a vote of 95 - 1. The motion to proceed was then agreed
to by unanimous consent. Debate began in earnest on October 4, and continued
through the early morning hours of October 11.
Though S.J.Res. 45 was ostensibly the proposal under consideration, the
language introduced earlier as S.J.Res. 46 by Senator Lieberman and others on
October 2, 2002, which was nearly identical to H.J.Res. 114, was put forward as an
amendment to S.J.Res. 45. S.J.Res. 46 became the target of five secondary
amendments, all of which failed to pass:
^!Senator Graham proposed language, in the nature of a substitute, to
authorize the President to use the Armed Forces against Iraq, but
further to “defend the national security of the United States against
the threat posed by...” Abu Nidal, HAMAS, Hizballah, the Palestine
Islamic Jihad, and the Palestine Liberation Front. Tabled, by a vote
of 88 - 10 (October 9).
^!Senator Byrd proposed language, to be added to the end of S.J.Res.
46, to state that passage of the resolution was not “intended to alter
the constitutional authorities of the Congress to declare war...”, nor
was it intended to grant “...any authority to the President...for any
purpose not directly related to a clear threat of imminent, sudden,
and direct attack upon the United States, its possessions or
territories, or the Armed Forces of the United States....” Failed, by
a vote of 14 - 86 (October 10).
^!Senator Levin proposed language, in the nature of a substitute, to
authorize the President to use the Armed Forces against Iraq, but
pursuant to adoption of a new U.N. Security Council resolution.
Failed, by a vote of 24 - 75 (October 10).
^!Senator Byrd proposed language, to be added to the end of S.J.Res.
46, to terminate the authorization of use of the Armed Forces 12
months after enactment, but also to allow a continuation of the
authorization of certain conditions were met. Failed, by a vote of 31
- 66 (October 10).
^!Senator Durbin proposed language to change the rationalization for
authorization, so that instead of being in order to defend the national

security of the United States “against the continuing threat posed by
Iraq,” it would be in order to defend “against an imminent threat
posed by Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction.” Failed, by a vote of

30 - 70 (October 10).

At one point in the debate on the text of S.J.Res. 46 as an amendment to
S.J.Res. 45, cloture was invoked by a vote of 75 - 25, thus limiting remaining debate
to 30 hours. The entire time was not expended, however, and the amendment was
agreed to by voice vote. Amid debate, the Senate received H.J.Res. 114 from the
House. That measure was passed by the Senate just after midnight on October 11,
2002, by a vote of 77 - 23. Cloture on S.J.Res. 45 was subsequently rescinded, and
the matter was indefinitely postponed, both by unanimous consent.
H.J.Res. 114 was cleared for the President on October 11, 2002, presented to the
President on October 15, who signed it on October 16. In a speech given on the
occasion of signing, the President stated, in part:¹
The resolution I’m about to sign symbolizes the united purpose of our nation,
expresses the considered judgment of the Congress, and marks an important
event in the life of America. The 107th Congress is one of the few called by
history to authorize military action to defend our country and the cause of peace.
This is among the most serious and difficult decisions a legislator can face.
Members of both Houses, both political parties, have deliberated with care, and
they have spoken with clarity on behalf of the American people. We will face
our dangers squarely, and we will face them unafraid.
With this resolution, Congress has now authorized the use of force. I have not
ordered the use of force. I hope the use of force will not become necessary. Yet,
confronting the threat posed by Iraq is necessary, by whatever means that
requires. Either the Iraqi regime will give up its weapons of mass destruction,
or, for the sake of peace, the United States will lead a global coalition to disarm
that regime. If any doubt our nation’s resolve, our determination, they would be
unwise to test it.
Since the President declared Iraq part of an “axis of evil” in his State of the
Union Address on January 29, 2002, tensions increased between the legislative and
executive branches over just what that meant and what was to be done about it.
Resolutions circulated on Capitol Hill since mid-summer beginning with a call on
Congress to “consider and vote on a resolution authorizing the use of force by the
United States Armed Forces against Iraq before such force is deployed against Iraq.”
(H.J.Res. 109, introduced July 26, 2002, by Representative DeFazio and others).
Subsequent proposals became increasingly focused on only Iraq and its weapons of
mass destruction. Throughout the debate, differences of view were pinned on regime
change, Iraq’s links to terrorism, the viability or seriousness of Iraq’s threat of
weapons of mass destruction, and choosing a strategy of unilateral action or coalition
building.

¹ For full text, see [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/]

This paper presents a side-by-side consideration of key legislative proposals in
the debate to authorize the President to use Untied States Armed Forces against Iraq:
Public Law 107-243 (H.J.Res. 114), the Spratt amendment, S.J.Res. 45, Biden-Lugar,
and Levin. The paper is organized on the construction of Public Law 107-243.

CRS-5
Side-by-Side Comparison
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
horize the use ofNot applicable.To authorize the use ofAuthorizing the use of theAuthorizing the use of the
d States ArmedUnited States ArmedUnited States ArmedUnited States Armed
ainst Iraq.Forces against Iraq.Forces pursuant to a newForces, pursuant to a new
resolution of the Unitedresolution of the United
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Nations Security CouncilNations Security Council,
^g/wseeking to enforce theto destroy, remove, or
^s^.or
^le^akdestruction andrender harmless Iraq’s
dismantlement of Iraq’sweapons of mass
^://wikiweapons of massdestruction, nuclear
^h^ttpdestruction program andweapons-usable material,
prohibited ballisticlong-range ballistic
missiles program ormissiles, and related
pursuant to the Unitedfacilities, and for other
States right of individual orpurposes.
collective self-defense if
the Security Council fails
to act.
hereas in 1990 inWhereas the GovernmentNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

raq’s war ofof Iraq, without cause or
gression against andprovocation, invaded and
gal occupation ofoccupied the country of

CRS-6
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
it, the United StatesKuwait on August 2, 1990;
ed a coalition of
tions to liberate Kuwait[and]
Whereas in reaction to
curity of the UnitedIraq’s aggression against
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}ates and enforce UnitedKuwait, President George
^g/w CouncilH. W. Bush assembled a
^s^.orsolutions relating to Iraq;coalition of nations to
^le^akliberate Kuwait and to
^://wikienforce a series of United
^h^ttpNations Security Council
resolutions adopted in
opposition to Iraq’s
invasion of Kuwait;
hereas after theWhereas, after theNo equivalent language.Whereas under UnitedWhereas, in accordance
ration of Kuwait inliberation of Kuwait inNations Security Councilwith United Nations
raq entered into a1991, Iraq entered into aResolution 687 (1991),Security Council
cease-fire agreementwhich effected a formalResolution 687 (1991),
re agreementsponsored by the Unitedcease-fire following theIraq made a commitment –
nt to which IraqNations, pursuant to whichPersian Gulf War, Iraq (1) to destroy, remove,
agreed,Iraq agreed – agreed to destroy oror render harmless all
other things, to (1) to destroy, remove,dismantle, underchemical and biological
te its nuclear,or render harmless allinternational supervision,weapons and stocks of

CRS-7
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
ical, and chemicalchemical and biologicalits nuclear, chemical, andagents and all related
rams and theweapons and stocks ofbiological weaponssubsystems and
eans to deliver andagents and all relatedprograms (hereafter in thiscomponents and all
subsystems andjoint resolution referred toresearch, development,
components and allas Iraq’s “weapons of masssupport, and
research, development,destruction program”), asmanufacturing facilities
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}support, andwell as its program torelated thereto;
^g/wmanufacturing facilitiesdevelop or acquire ballistic (2) to destroy, remove,
^s^.orrelated thereto;missiles with a rangeor render harmless all
^le^ak (2) to destroy, remove,greater than 150 kilometersballistic missiles with a
^://wikior render harmless all(hereafter in this jointrange greater than 150
^h^ttpballistic missiles with aresolution referred to askilometers, and related
range greater than 150Iraq’s “prohibited ballisticmajor parts and production
kilometers, and relatedmissile program”), andfacilities;
major parts and productionundertook unconditionally (3) not to acquire or
facilities;not to develop any suchdevelop any nuclear
(3) not to acquire orweapons thereafter. weapons, nuclear-
develop any nuclearweapons-usable material,
weapons, nuclear-nuclear-related subsystems
weapons-usable material,or components, or nuclear-
nuclear-related subsystemsrelated research,
or components, or nuclear-development, support, or
related research,manufacturing facilities;
development, support, orand
manufacturing facilities; (4) to permit immediate

CRS-8
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
andon-site inspection of Iraq’s
(4) to permit immediatebiological, chemical, and
on-site inspection of Iraq’smissile capabilities, and
biological, chemical, andassist the International
missile capabilities, andAtomic Energy Agency in
assist the Internationalcarrying out the
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Atomic Energy Agency indestruction, removal, or
^g/wcarrying out therendering harmless of all
^s^.ordestruction, removal, ornuclear-related items and
^le^akrendering harmless of allin developing a plan for
^://wikinuclear-related items andongoing monitoring and
^h^ttpin developing a plan forverification of Iraq’s
ongoing monitoring andcompliance;
verification of Iraq’s
compliance;
hereas the efforts ofNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

spectors, United States
lligence agencies, and
qi defectors led to the
that Iraq had
e stockpiles of
rge scale biological

CRS-9
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
ram, and that
ram that
uch closer to
a nuclear
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}ence
^g/w had previously
^s^.orcat ed;
^le^ak
hereas Iraq, in direct andWhereas, in flagrantNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.Whereas the regime of
^://wikirant violation of theviolation of the cease-fireSaddam Hussein
^h^ttpre, attempted toagreement, Iraq sought toconsistently refused to
thwart the efforts of armscooperate with United
inspectors to uncover andNations Special
ntify and destroy Iraq’sdestroy Iraq’s stockpiles ofCommission weapons
weapons of massinspectors in Iraq between
destruction and long-range1991 and 1998 by denying
velopment capabilities,ballistic missiles, and thethem access to crucial
h finally resulted inmeans of producing suchpeople, sites, and
e withdrawal ofweapons and missiles;documents;
spectors from Iraq on
Whereas, because of Iraq’s[and]
demonstrated will to attack
neighboring countries andWhereas on October 31,

CRS-10
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
arm itself with weapons of1998, Iraq banned the
mass destruction, theUnited Nations weapons
United Nations Securityinspectors despite its
Council passedagreement and obligation
Resolutions 687, 707, ,715,to comply with United
1051, 1060, 1115, 1134,Nations Security Council
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}1137, 1154, 1194, andResolution 687 (1991);

^g/w1205, demanding that Iraq
^s^.ordestroy all weapons of
^le^akmass destruction, cease
^://wikifurther development of
^h^ttpchemical, biological, and
nuclear weapons, stop the
acquisition of ballistic
missiles with a range
exceeding 150 kilometers,
and end its support of
terrorism;
Whereas Iraq has
continued to defy
resolutions of the United
Nations Security Council
and to develop weapons of
mass destruction, has not

CRS-11
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
stopped its support of
terrorism, has refused to
cooperate with arms
inspectors of the United
Nations, and since
December 1998 has barred
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}and denied all such
^g/winspectors any access to
^s^.orIr a q ;
^le^ak
hereas in Public LawNo equivalent language.Whereas Congress in 1998No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^://wikiust 14,concluded that Iraq was
^h^ttpress concludedthen in material and
raq’s continuingunacceptable breach of its
international obligations
ramsand thereby threatened the
atened vital Unitedvital interests of the United
ates interests andStates and international
ternational peace andpeace and security, stated
ty, declared Iraq tothe reasons for that
n “material andconclusion, and urged the
able breach of itsPresident to take
rnational obligations”appropriate action to bring
ed the President “toIraq into compliance with
te action, inits international obligations

CRS-12
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
th the(Public Law 105-235);
nd relevant
ws of the United States,
Iraq into
mpliance with its
rnational obligations”;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/whereas Iraq both poses aWhereas Iraq hasWhereas Iraq remains inNo equivalent language.Whereas Iraq continues to
^s^.or threat to thematerially breached itsmaterial and unacceptabledevelop weapons of mass
^le^ak of theinternational obligations bybreach of its internationaldestruction, in violation of
ted States andretaining and continuing toobligations by, amongits commitments under
^://wikiternational peace anddevelop chemical andother things, continuing toUnited Nations Security
^h^ttpcurity in the Persian Gulfbiological weapons, bypossess and develop aCouncil Resolution 687
ion and remains inactively seeking a nuclearsignificant chemical and(1991) and subsequent
aterial and unacceptableweapons capability andbiological weaponsresolutions, and the regime
ts internationalballistic missiles withcapability, actively seekingof Saddam Hussein has
ations by, amongranges exceeding 150a nuclear weaponsused weapons of mass
s, continuing tokilometers, and bycapability, and supportingdestruction against its own
supporting internationaland harboring terroristpeople and other nations;
gnificant chemical andterrorism;organizations, therebyand
ical weaponscontinuing to threaten the
pability, actively seekingnational security interestsWhereas the development
of the United States andof weapons of mass
, and supportinginternational peace anddestruction by Iraq is a
terroristsecurity;threat to the United States,

CRS-13
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
anizations;to the friends and allies of
the United States in the
Middle East, and to
international peace and
security:
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}hereas Iraq persists inWhereas Iraq persists inNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^g/wting resolution [sic]violating resolutions of the
^s^.orUnited Nations Security
^le^ak Council byCouncil by continuing to
to engage inengage in brutal repression
^://wikiof its civilian population,
^h^ttpincluding the Kurdish
atening internationalpeoples, thereby
ty in thethreatening international
ion, by refusing topeace and security in the
lease, repatriate, orregion, by refusing to
raqirelease, repatriate, or
ns wrongfullyaccount for non-Iraqi
Iraq, includingcitizens wrongfully
erican serviceman,detained by Iraq, and by
failing to returnfailing to return property
wrongfully seizedwrongfully seized by Iraq
Iraq from Kuwait;from Kuwait;

CRS-14
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
hereas the current IraqiNo equivalent language.Language identical to thatNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.
ime has demonstratedin H.J.Res. 114.
apability and
ness to use weapons
ainst
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/w
^s^.orhereas the current IraqiNo equivalent language.Language identical to thatNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^le^akime has demonstratedin H.J.Res. 114.
ontinuing hostility
^://wikird, and willingness to
^h^ttptack, the United States,
luding by attempting in
ush and by
on many thousands
ons on United
tes and Coalition
ed Forces engaged in
forcing the resolutions
Council;

CRS-15
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
hereas members of alNo equivalent language.Language identical to thatNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.
anizationin H.J.Res. 114.
responsibility for
cks on the United
tes, its citizens, and
rests, including the
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}tacks that occurred on
^g/w
^s^.orraq;
^le^ak
hereas Iraq continues toNo equivalent language.Language identical to thatWhereas since 1990, theNo equivalent language.
^://wikiin H.J.Res. 114.United States has
^h^ttprnational terroristconsidered Iraq to be a
anizations, includingstate sponsor of terrorism;
anizations that threaten
lives and safety of
rican citizens;
hereas the attacks on theWhereas the attacks ofWhereas the attacks on theNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

September 11, 2001,United States of September
underscores [sic] the11, 2001, underscored the
avity of the threat posedextent of the threat posedgravity of the threat that
the acquisition ofby international terroristIraq will transfer weapons
organizations, and makesof mass destruction to
internationalclear the gravity of theinternational terrorist

CRS-16
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
rrorist organizations;threat if they obtain accessorganizations;
to weapons of mass
destruction;
hereas Iraq’sNo equivalent language.Whereas Iraq’sNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

monstrated capabilitydemonstrated capability
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}ness to useand willingness to use
^g/wweapons of mass
^s^.ordestruction, the high risk
^le^ak current Iraqi regimethat the current Iraqi
ither employ thoseregime will either employ
^://wikithose weapons to launch a
^h^ttpse attack against thesurprise attack against the
d States or its ArmedUnited States or its Armed
rces or provide them toForces or provide them to
rnational terrorists whointernational terrorists who
would do so, and the
treme magnitude ofextreme magnitude of
harm that would result to
United States and itsthe United States and its
ns from such ancitizens from such an
ck, combine to justifyattack, combine to justify
the United Statesthe use of force by the
United States in order to
defend itself;

CRS-17
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
hereas United NationsWhereas the UnitedWhereas Iraq is in materialNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

CouncilNations Security Councilbreach of its disarmament
passed Resolution 660,and other obligations under
horizes the use of allcondemning the invasionUnited Nations Security
means to enforceof Kuwait and demandingCouncil Resolution 687, to
d Nations SecurityIraq’s immediatecease repression of its
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}withdrawal, and thereaftercivilian population that
^g/wpassed Resolutions 661,threatens international
^s^.or662, 664, 665, 666, 667,peace and security under
^le^akpel Iraq to cease670, 674, and 677, furtherUnited Nations Security
^://wikirtain activities thatdemanding the IraqCouncil Resolution 688,
^h^ttpaten internationalwithdraw from Kuwait;and to cease threatening its
ty,neighbors or United
the developmentWhereas the GovernmentNations operations in Iraq
of Iraq defied the Unitedunder United Nations
Nations, flouting andSecurity Council
violating each of theseResolution 949, and United
resolutions;Nations Security Council
Resolution 678 authorizes
d Nations Security[and]use of all necessary means
to compel Iraq to comply
Whereas Iraq’s defiancewith these “subsequent
resulted in the adoption ofrelevant resolutions”;
United Nations Security
CouncilCouncil Resolution 678

CRS-18
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[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
which authorized the use
its neighbors orof all means necessary to
repel Iraq from Kuwait and
raq in violation ofto compel its compliance
d Nations Securitywith the above-referenced
resolutions;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/w
^s^.orhereas in theNo equivalent language.Whereas Congress in theNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^le^akation for Use ofAuthorization for Use of
ry Force AgainstMilitary Force Against
^://wikiq Resolution (PublicIraq Resolution (Public
^h^ttpw 102-1), Congress hasLaw 102-1) has authorized
horized the Presidentthe President to use the
o use United StatesArmed Forces of the
orces pursuant toUnited States to achieve
d Nations Securityfull implementation of
Security Council
Resolutions 660, 661, 662,
mentation of Security664, 665, 666, 667, 669,

670, 674, and 677,

pursuant to Security
Council Resolution 678;

CRS-19
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
hereas in DecemberWhereas allied forces, ledNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

ress expressedby the United States,
attacked Iraqi forces on
e use of all necessaryJanuary 16, 1991, and
eans to achieve the goalsdrove them out of Kuwait;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/wing consistent with the
^s^.oration of Use of
^le^akry Force Against
^://wikiq Resolution (Public
^h^ttpw 102-1),” that Iraq’s
pression of its civilian
Council
onstitutes a continuing
reat to the peace,
curity, and stability of
ion,”
ress,
means to achieve
oals of United Nations
Council

CRS-20
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
hereas the IraqNo equivalent language.Whereas Congress in theNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.
beration Act (PublicIraq Liberation Act (Public
w 105-338) expressedLaw 105-338) has
ress thatexpressed its sense that it
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596} ofshould be the policy of the
^g/w United States toUnited States to support
^s^.orefforts to remove from
^le^ak power the currentpower the current Iraqi
ime and promoteregime and promote the
^://wikie emergence of aemergence of a democratic
^h^ttpovernment togovernment to replace that
ace that regime;regime;
hereas on September 12,Whereas on September 12,No equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

ush2002, President Bush
mmitted the Unitedcommitted the United
States to “work with the
d Nations SecurityUnited Nations Security
Council to meet our
mon challenge” posedcommon challenge” posed
Iraq and to “work forby Iraq and to “work for
resolutions,”the necessary resolutions”,
clearwhile making clear that

CRS-21
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
Council“the Security Council
solutions will beresolutions will be
he justenforced, and the just
ands of peace anddemands of peace and
curity will be met, orsecurity will be met, or
tion will beaction will be
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}unavoidable”; and
^g/w
^s^.orhereas the United StatesNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^le^aktermined to prosecute
^://wikioing support for
^h^ttprnational terrorist
oups combined with its
ations under the 1991
re and other United
Council
national security
rests of the United

CRS-22
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
levant United Nations
Council
through the use
f necessary;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}hereas Congress hasNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^g/w
^s^.ororously the war on
^le^akh the
uthorities
^://wiki requested by
^h^ttp President to take the
actions against
rnational terrorists and
anizations,
those nations,
anizations or persons
ed,
mmitted or aided the
rrorist attacks that
anizations;

CRS-23
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
hereas the President andNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.
ress are determined to
ainst
rnational terrorists and
anizations,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596} those nations,
^g/wanizations or persons
^s^.ored,
^le^akmmitted or aided the
^://wikirrorist attacks that
^h^ttp
anizations;
hereas the President hasNo equivalent language.Whereas the President hasNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

under theauthority under the
ke actionConstitution to take action
in order to deter and
acts ofprevent acts of
rnational terrorisminternational terrorism
ainst the United States,against the United States,
ongress recognized inas Congress recognized in
joint resolution onthe joint resolution on
ation for Use ofAuthorization for Use of

CRS-24
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
ry Force (Public LawMilitary Force (Public Law
107-40); and
reas it is in theNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.
of the
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}ternational peace and
^g/wcurity to the Persian Gulf
^s^.ori on:
^le^ak
Whereas the House ofNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^://wikiRepresentatives (in
^h^ttpH.J.Res. 658 of the 101^st
Congress and H. Res. 322
in the 105^th Congress) and
the Senate (in S. Con. Res.
147 of the 101^st Congress
and S.J.Res. 54 in the 105^th
Congress) have declared
support for international
action to halt Iraq’s
defiance of the United
Nations;

CRS-25
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
Whereas in H. Res. 322 ofNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.
the 105^th Congress, the
House of Representatives
affirmed that the “current
crisis regarding Iraq should
be resolved peacefully
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}through diplomatic means,
^g/wbut in a manner which
^s^.orassures full compliance by
^le^akIraq with United Nations
^://wikiSecurity Council
^h^ttpresolutions regarding the
destruction of Iraq’s
capability to produce and
deliver weapons of mass
destruction”;
Whereas CongressNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

supports the efforts by the
President to enforce
through the Security
Council the United Nations
Security Council
resolutions referenced
above:

CRS-26
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
No equivalent language.Whereas the United StatesNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.
has the inherent right, as
acknowledged un the
United Nations Charter, to
use force in order to defend
itself;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/wWhereas in the NationalWhereas Congress inNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^s^.orDefense Act for Fiscalsection 1095 of Public Law
^le^akYears 1992 and 1993102-190 has stated that it
(Public Law 102-190),“supports the use of all
^://wikiCongress called upon “thenecessary means to achieve
^h^ttpPresident [to] consultthe goals of Security
closely with the partners ofCouncil Resolution 687 as
the United States in thebeing consistent with the
Desert Storm coalition andAuthorization for Use of
with members of theMilitary Force Against
United Nations SecurityIraq (Public Law 102-1),”
Council in order to presentthat Iraq’s repression of its
a united front of oppositioncivilian population violates
to Iraq’s continuingUnited Nations Security
noncompliance withCouncil Resolution 688
Security Counciland “constitutes a
Resolution 687”;continuing threat to the
peace, security, and

CRS-27
Public Law 107-243
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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
stability of the Persian
Gulf region,” and that
Congress “supports the use
of all necessary means to
achieve the goals of
Resolution 688”;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/wNo equivalent language.Whereas the President hasNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.

^s^.orauthority under the
^le^akConstitution to use force in
order to defend the
^://wikinational security interests
^h^ttpof the United States:

CRS-28
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
No equivalent language.No equivalent language.Whereas on numerousNo equivalent language.
occasions since 1991, the
United Nations Security
Council has reaffirmed
Resolution 687, most
recently in Resolution
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}1284, which established a
^g/wnew weapons inspection
^s^.orregime to ensure Iraqi
^le^akcompliance with its
^://wikiobligations under
^h^ttpResolution 687;
No equivalent language.No equivalent language.Whereas on numerousNo equivalent language.

occasions since 1991, the
United States and the
United Nations Security
Council have condemned
Iraq’s failure to fulfill its
obligations under
Resolution 687 to destroy
or dismantle its weapons of
mass destruction program
and its prohibited ballistic
missile program;

CRS-29
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
No equivalent language.No equivalent language.Whereas Iraq underNo equivalent language.
Saddam Hussein used
chemical weapons in its
war with Iran in the 1980s
and against the Kurdish
population in northern Iraq
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}in 1988;
^g/w
^s^.orNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.Whereas Iraq’s failure toNo equivalent language.

^le^akcomply with its
international obligations to
^://wikidestroy or dismantle its
^h^ttpweapons of mass
destruction program and its
prohibited ballistic missile
program, its record of
using force against
neighboring states, and its
support for international
terrorism require a strong
diplomatic, and if
necessary, military
response by the
international community,
led by the United States

CRS-30
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
Now, therefore, be itNow, therefore, be itNow, therefore, be itNow, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate andResolved by the Senate andResolved by the Senate andResolved by the Senate and
RepresentativesHouse of RepresentativesHouse of RepresentativesHouse of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives
of the United States ofof the United States ofof the United States ofof the United States of
America in CongressAmerica in CongressAmerica in CongressAmerica in Congress
assembled, assembled, assembled, assembled,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/won 1. Short Title.Section 1. Short Title.Section 1. Short Title.Section 1. Short Title.Section 1. Short Title.
^s^.orThis joint resolutionThis joint resolution This joint resolution This Act may be cited This joint resolution
^le^aky be cited as themay be cited as themay be cited as theas the “Authorization formay be cited as the
ation for Use of“Elimination of Weapons“Further Resolution onthe Use of Force Against“Multilateral Use of Force
^://wikiry Force Againstof Mass Destruction fromIraq”.Iraq Resolution of 2002.” Authorization Act of
^h^ttpIraq Resolution”.2002”.
c. 2. Support forSec. 2. Sense of theNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.Sec. 2. Congressional
aticCongress.Policy For United
rts. It is the sense ofNations Security Council
The Congress of theCongress that – Action on Iraq.
(1) the President should Congress–
the President to–be commended for calling (1) supports the
(1) strictly enforceupon the United Nations toPresident’s call for the
h the United Nationsaddress the threat toUnited Nations to address
Council allinternational peace andthe threat to international
Councilsecurity posed by Iraq’speace and security posed
arding Iraqrefusal to meets itsby Saddam Hussein’s

CRS-31
Public Law 107-243
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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
es him indisarmament obligationscontinued refusal to meet
under United NationsIraq’s obligations under
(2) obtain prompt andSecurity councilresolutions of the United
theresolutions;Nations Security Council
Council to ensure (2) The Presidentto accept the destruction,
raq abandons itsshould persist in his effortsremoval, or rendering
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}y of delay, evasionto obtain approval of theharmless of its weapons of
^g/wSecurity Council for anymass destruction, nuclear
^s^.or and strictlyactions taken against Iraq;weapons-usable material,
^le^akmplies with all relevantandballistic missiles with a
^://wiki Council (3) the President shouldrange in excess of 150
^h^ttparding Iraq.continue to seek, and thekilometers, and related
Security Council shouldfacilities, and to cease the
approve, a resolution that – development, production,
(A) demands full andor acquisition of such
unconditional complianceweapons, materials, and
by the Government of Iraqmissiles;
with all disarmament (2) urges the United
requirements imposed byNations Security Council
United Nations Securityto adopt promptly a
Council Resolutions 687,resolution that–
707, 715, 1051, 1060, (A) demands that Iraq

1115, 1134, 1154, 1194,provide immediate,

and 1205;unconditional, and
(B) mandates theunrestricted access of the

CRS-32
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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
immediate return to Iraq ofUnited Nations weapons
United Nations armsinspectors so that Iraq’s
inspection teams,weapons of mass
empowered with increaseddestruction, nuclear
staff and resources andweapons-usable material,
unconditional access to allballistic missiles with a
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}sites they deem necessaryrange in excess of 150
^g/wto uncover and destroykilometers, and related
^s^.orweapons of massfacilities are destroyed,
^le^akdestruction and ballisticremoved, or rendered
^://wikimissiles with rangesharmless; and
^h^ttpexceeding 150 kilometers, (B) authorizes the use
and the means ofof necessary and
producing such weaponsappropriate military force
and missiles, withoutby member states of the
regard to any objections orUnited Nations to enforce
conditions that Iraq maysuch resolution in the event
seek to impose; andthat the Government of
(C) authorizes, if theIraq refuses to comply;
President deems advisable, (3) affirms that, under
a military force, formedinternational law and the
under the auspices of theUnited Nations Charter,
United Nations Securitythe United States has at all
Council but commandedtimes the inherent right to
by the United States, touse military force in self-

CRS-33
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
protect and support armsdefense; and
inspectors and make force (4) will not adjourn sine
available in the event thatdie this year and will
Iraq impedes, resists, or inreturn to session at any
any way interferes withtime before the next
such inspection teams;Congress convenes to
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596} (4) if the Unitedconsider promptly
^g/wNations Security Councilproposals relative to Iraq if
^s^.orfails to pass a resolutionin the judgment of the
^le^akthat satisfies the conditionsPresident the United
^://wikiof paragraph (3), and if theNations Security Council
^h^ttpPresident determines thatfails to adopt the resolution
use of the United Statesdescribed in paragraph (2).

Armed Forces is necessary
to compel Iraq to comply
with all such disarmament
requirements, the President
should seek authorization
from Congress to use
military force to compel
such compliance by
invoking the expedited
procedures set forth in
section 5;
(5) if the United States

CRS-34
Public Law 107-243
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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
must resort to force, the
President should endeavor
to form a coalition of allies
as broadly based as
practicable to support and
participate with United
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}States Armed Forces, and
^g/wshould also seek
^s^.ormultilateral cooperation
^le^akand assistance, specifically
^://wikiincluding Arab and Islamic
^h^ttpcountries, in the post-
conflict reconstruction of
Iraq; and
(6) if the United States
resorts to force, Congress
will provide all possible
support to the members of
the United States Armed
Forces and their families.

CRS-35
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
orNo equivalent language. Sec. 2. Authorization forSection 2. AuthorizationNo equivalent language.
United States(See, however, sec. 3,Use of United Statesfor the Use of United(See, however, sec. 3,
ed Forces.below.)Armed Forces.States Armed Forces. below.)

(a) Authorization.– The President is (a) Authorization for
resident is authorizedauthorized to use all meansthe Use of Force.– The
orces ofthat he determines to bePresident, subject to
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}e United States as heappropriate, includingsubsection (b), is
^g/wforce, in order to enforceauthorized to use United
^s^.or in orderthe United NationsStates Armed Forces as he
^le^akSecurity Councildetermines to be necessary
^://wiki(1) defend theResolutions referencedand appropriate–
^h^ttp of theabove, defend the national (1) to enforce United
ted States against thesecurity interests of theNations Security Council
threat posed byUnited States against theResolution 687, and other
andthreat posed by Iraq, andresolutions approved by
(2) enforce allrestore international peacethe Council which govern
and security in the region.Iraqi compliance with
CouncilResolution 687, in order to
arding Iraq.secure the dismantlement
(b) Presidentialor destruction of Iraq’s
nweapons of mass
destruction program and its
ercise of the authorityprohibited ballistic missile
anted in subsection (a) toprogram; or
he President (2) in the exercise of

CRS-36
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
l, prior to such exerciseindividual or collective
self-defense, to defend the
be feasible, but noUnited States or allied
nations against a grave
ercising such authority,threat posed by Iraq’s
ke available to theweapons of mass
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}eaker of the House ofdestruction program and its
^g/wepresentatives and theprohibited ballistic missile
^s^.or program.
^le^ak (b) Requirement for
^://wikitermination that– determination that use of
^h^ttp(1) reliance by theforce is necessary.–Before
exercising the authority
granted by subsection (a),
means alonethe President shall make
r (A) will notavailable to the Speaker of
protect thethe House of
of theRepresentatives and the
ted States against thePresident pro tempore of
threat posed bythe Senate his
) is not likely todetermination that–
o enforcement (1) the United States
arding Iraq; andhas attempted to seek,
(2) acting pursuant tothrough the United Nations
solution is consistentSecurity Council, adoption

CRS-37
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
United States andof a resolution after
September 12, 2002 under
ke the necessaryChapter VII of the United
ainstNations Charter
rnational terrorists andauthorizing the action
anizations,described in subsection
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596} those nations,(a)(1), and such resolution
^g/wanizations, or persons has been adopted; or
^s^.ored, (2) that the threat to the
^le^akmmitted or aided theUnited States or allied
^://wikirrorist attacks thatnations posed by Iraq’s
^h^ttpweapons of mass
destruction program and
prohibited ballistic missile
program is so grave that
the use of force is
necessary pursuant to
subsection (a)(2),
notwithstanding the failure
of the Security Council to
approve a resolution
described in paragraph (1).

CRS-38
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
(c) War PowersSec. 6 War PowersNo equivalent language.Section 4. War PowersSec. 3 (pertaining to use of
tionResolutionResolutionArmed Forces to enforce
uirements.– Requirements.Requirements. United Nations Security
(1) Specific Statutory (a) Specific Statutory (a) Specific StatutoryCouncil Resolution; see
ation.–ConsistentAuthorization.– ConsistentAuthorization.–Consistentfull text below)
with section8(a)(1) of thewith section 8(a)(1) of the (c) War Powers
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}ar Powers Resolution,War Powers Resolution,War Powers Resolution,Resolution
^g/we Congress declares thatthe Congress declares thatthe Congress declares thatRequirements.–
^s^.orction is intended to– section 2 is intended to (1) Specific Statutory
^le^ak specific statutory (1) section 3 of thisconstitute specific statutoryAuthorization.–Consistent
^://wikithorization within thejoint resolution is intendedauthorization within thewith section 8(a)(1) of the
^h^ttp of section 5(b) ofto constitute specificmeaning of section 5(b) ofWar Powers Resolution,
ar Powersauthorization within thethe War PowersCongress declares that this
solution.meaning of section 5(b) ofResolution.section is intended to
(2) Applicability ofthe War Powers (b) Applicability ofconstitute specific statutory
Resolution; andOther Requirements.–authorization within the
in (2) if a joint resolutionNothing in this resolutionmeaning of section 5(b) of
solution supersedesdescribed in section 5(a)(2)supersedes anythe War Powers Resolution
requirement of theis enacted into law, suchrequirement of the War(22 U.S.C. 1544(b)).
ar Powers Resolution.resolution is intended toPowers Resolution. (2) Applicability of
constitute specificOther
authorization within theRequirements.–Nothing in
meaning of section 5(b) ofthis joint resolution
the War Powerssupersedes any
Resolution.requirement of the War

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Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
(B) Applicability ofPowers Resolution.
Other Requirements.
Nothing in this resolution
supersedes any
requirement of the War
Powers Resolution.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}
^g/wSec. 3. Authorization ToNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.Sec. 3. Authorization for
^s^.orUse Force in AccordanceUse of United States
^le^akWith New United NationsArmed Forces Pursuant
Security Councilto a New United Nations
^://wikiResolutions.Security Council
^h^ttp The President isResolution.
authorized to use United (a) Authorization.–
States Armed ForcesPursuant to a resolution of
pursuant to any resolutionthe United Nations
of the United NationsSecurity Council described
Security Council adoptedin section 2(2) that is
after September 12, 2002,adopted after the
that provides for theenactment of this joint
elimination of Iraq’sresolution, and subject to
weapons of masssubsection (b), the
destruction and ballisticPresident is authorized to
missiles with rangesuse the Armed Forces of
exceeding 150 kilometers,the United States to

CRS-40
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
and the means ofdestroy, remove, or render
producing such weaponsharmless Iraq’s weapons of
and missiles. Nothing inmass destruction, nuclear
the preceding sentenceweapons-usable material,
shall be construed toballistic missiles with a
prevent or otherwise limitrange greater than 150
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}the authority of the Armedkilometers, and related
^g/wForces to use allfacilities, if Iraq fails to
^s^.orappropriate force for selfcomply with the terms of
^le^akdefense and enforcementthe Security Council
^://wikipurposes. resolution.
^h^ttp (b) Requirements.–
[and]Before the authority
granted in subsection (a) is
exercised, the President
Sec. 4. Presidentialshall make available to the
Certifications.Speaker of the House of
In the event that theRepresentatives and the
United Nations SecurityPresident pro tempore of
Council does not adopt athe Senate his
resolution as described indetermination that the
section 3, or in the eventUnited States has used
that such a resolution isappropriate diplomatic and
adopted but does notother peaceful means to
sanction the use of forceobtain compliance by Iraq

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[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
sufficient to compel Iraq’swith a resolution of the
compliance, and if theUnited Nations Security
President determines thatCouncil described in
use of the United Statessection 2(2) and that those
Armed Forces is necessaryefforts have not been and
for such compliance, theare not likely to be
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}President should seeksuccessful in obtaining
^g/wauthorization fromsuch compliance.
^s^.orCongress to use military (c) War Powers
^le^akforce to compel suchResolution Requirements.–
^://wikicompliance by invoking (1) Specific Statutory
^h^ttpthe expedited proceduresAuthorization.–Consistent
set forth in section 5 afterwith section 8(a)(1) of the
the President submits toWar Powers Resolution,
the Speaker of the HouseCongress declares that this
of Representatives and thesection is intended to
President pro tempore ofconstitute specific statutory
the Senate a certificationauthorization within the
that – meaning of section 5(b) of
(1)(A) the United Statesthe War Powers Resolution
has sought passage by the(22 U.S.C. 1544(b)).
United Nations Security (2) Applicability of
Council of a resolutionOther Requirements.–
described in section 3, andNothing in this joint
the Security Council hasresolution supersedes any

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
failed to pass such arequirement of the War
resolution, and no otherPowers Resolution.

action taken by the United
Nations Security Council
has been sufficient to
compel Iraq to comply
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}with the Security Council
^g/wresolutions referred to in
^s^.orsection 2; or
^le^ak (B) the United Nations
^://wikiSecurity Council has
^h^ttppassed a resolution that
does not sanction the use
of force sufficient to
compel compliance, and–
(i) the United Nations
Security Council is
unlikely to take further
action that will result in
Iraq’s compliance with
such resolution; and
(ii) the use of military
force against Iraq is
necessary to compel
compliance;

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
(2) the use of military
force against Iraq will not
impair international
cooperation in the fight
against terrorism or
participation in United
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}States military actions
^g/wundertaken pursuant to
^s^.orPublic Law 107-40; and
^le^ak (3) the United States is
^://wikiin the process of
^h^ttpestablishing, or has
established, a coalition of
other countries as broadly
based as practicable to
support and participate
with the United States in
whatever action is taken
against Iraq.
orts toSec. 7. Reports ToNo equivalent language.Section 3. ConsultationSec. 4. Reports to
Congress.and Reports.Congress.
(a) Reports. – The At least once every 60 (a) Consultation.–TheNot later than 60 days
esident shall, at leastdays, the President shallPresident shall keepafter the date of enactment

60 days, submittransmit to Congress aCongress fully andof this joint resolution, and

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
ress a report onreport on matters relevantcurrently informed onat least once during every
tters relevant to thisto this joint resolution. matters relevant to this60-day period thereafter,
The President shall includejoint resolution. the President shall submit
in such report an estimate (b) Initial Report.–(1)to Congress a report
e exercise of authorityof expenditures by theAs soon as practicable, butcontaining a summary of
anted in section 3 andUnited States and alliednot later than 30 days afterthe status of efforts–
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596} fornations to compel Iraq’sexercising the authority(1) to have the Untied
^g/ws that are expected tocompliance with the aboveunder subsection 2(a), theNations Security Council
^s^.orreferenced United NationsPresident shall submit toadopt the resolution
^le^akions are completed,Security CouncilCongress a report settingdescribed in section 2(2);
^://wiki those actionsresolutions and anyforth information–or
^h^ttpreconstruction efforts in (A) about the degree to(2) in the case of the
aw 105-338 (theIraq, including thosewhich other nations willadoption of such
iberation Act ofactions described inassist the United States inresolution, to obtain
section 7 of the Iraqthe use of force in Iraq;compliance by Iraq with
(b) SingleLiberation Act of 1998 (B) regarding measuresthe resolution.

(Public Law 105-338; 22the United States is taking,
extent that theU.S.C. 2151 note).or preparing to take, to
reportprotect key allies in the
region from armed attack
incides with theby Iraq; and
other (C) on planning to
port on matters relevantestablish a secure
solutionenvironment in the
immediate aftermath of the

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
d to Congressuse of force (including
nt to the reportingestimated expenditures by
arthe United States and allied
rs Resolution (Publicnations), and, if necessary,
w 93-148), all suchprepare for the political
ports may be submittedand economic
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}ngle consolidatedreconstruction of Iraq
^g/wress.following the use of force.
^s^.or (2) Classification of
^le^ak(c) Rule ofreport.–The report required
^://wikiby paragraph (1) may be
^h^ttptent that the informationsubmitted in classified
section 3 of theform.
ation for Use of (c) Subsequent
ry Force AgainstReports.– Following
q Resolution (Publictransmittal of the report
w 102-1) is included inrequired by subsection (b),
thisthe President shall submit a
report to Congress every
dered as meeting60 days thereafter on the
status of United States
diplomatic, military and
reconstruction operations
with respect to Iraq.

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[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
Sec. 5. ExpeditedNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

Congressional
Consideration of Joint
Resolution Authorizing
Use of Force.
(a) Qualifying
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Resolution. – (1) this
^g/wsection applies with
^s^.orrespect to a joint resolution
^le^akof the Senate or house of
^://wikiRepresentatives –
^h^ttp (A) that is a qualifying
resolution as described in
paragraph (2); and
(B) that it introduced
(by request) by a
qualifying Member not
later than the next
legislative day after the
date of receipt by the
Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the
President pro tempore of
the Senate of a certification
by the President under

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
section 4.
(2) For purposes of this
section, a qualifying
resolution is a joint
resolution –
(A) that does not have a
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}pream bl e;
^g/w (B) the title of which is
^s^.orthe following: “Joint
^le^akresolution authorizing the
^://wikiPresident to use all
^h^ttpnecessary means, including
the Armed Forces of the
United States, to compel
the Government of Iraq to
comply with certain United
Nations Security Council
resolutions.” and
(C) the test of which is
as follows: “The President
is authorized to use all
necessary and appropriate
means, including the
Armed Forces of the
United States, to compel

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
the Government of Iraq to
comply with the
disarmament provisions in
the United Nations
Security Council
Resolutions 687, 707, 715,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}1051, 1060, 1115, 1134,
^g/w1154, 1194, and 1205 and
^s^.orwith any other resolution
^le^akof the United Nations
^://wikiSecurity Council adopted
^h^ttpafter September 12, 2002,
that requires the
elimination of Iraq’s
weapons of mass
destruction and ballistic
missiles with ranges
exceeding 150 kilometers,
and the means of
producing such weapons
and missiles.”
(3) For purposes of this
subsection, a qualifying
Member is –
(A) in the case of the

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ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
House of Representatives,
the majority leader or
minority leader of the
House of Representatives;
and
(B) in the case of the
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Senate, the majority leader
^g/wor minority leader of the
^s^.orSenate.
^le^ak (b) Placement on
^://wikiCalendar. – Upon
^h^ttpintroduction in either
House of a resolution
described in subsection (a),
the resolution shall be
placed on the appropriate
calendar of the House
involved.
(c) Consideration in the
House of Representatives.
– (1) A resolution
described in subsection (a)
shall be considered in the
House of Representatives
in accordance with the

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
provisions of this
subsection.
(2) On or after the first
legislative day after the
day on which such a
resolution is introduced, it
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}is in order (even through a
^g/wprevious motion to the
^s^.orsame effect has been
^le^akdisagreed to) for any
^://wikiMember of the House of
^h^ttprepresentatives to move to
proceed to the
consideration of the
resolution. All points of
order against the resolution
(and against consideration
of the resolution) are
waived. Such a motion is
privileged and is not
debatable. An amendment
to the motion is not in
order. It shall not be in
order to move to postpone
the motion or to proceed to

CRS-51
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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
the consideration of other
business. A motion to
reconsider the vote by
which the motion is agreed
to or disagreed to shall not
be in order. If a motion to
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}proceed to the
^g/wconsideration of the
^s^.orresolution is agreed to, the
^le^akHouse of Representatives
^://wikishall immediately proceed
^h^ttpto consideration of the
resolution without
intervening motion, and
the resolution shall remain
the unfinished business of
the House of
Representatives until
disposed of.
(3) Debate on the
resolution shall be limited
to not more than a total of
20 hours, which shall be
divided equally between
the majority leader and the

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
minority leader or their
designees. A motion to
further limit debate is not
debatable. An amendment
to, or motion to recommit,
the resolution is not in
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}order.
^g/w (6) [sic] Immediately
^s^.orfollowing the conclusion
^le^akof the debate on the
^://wikiresolution, the vote on
^h^ttpfinal passage of the
resolution shall occur.
(7) [sic] A motion to
reconsider the vote by
which the resolution is
agreed to or disagreed to is
not in order.
(d) Consideration in
Senate. – (1) A resolution
described in subsection (a)
shall be considered in the
Senate in accordance with
the provisions of this
subsection.

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
(2) On or after the first
legislative day after the
day on which such a
resolution is introduced,
such a resolution, it is in
order (even though a
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}previous motion to the
^g/wsame effect has been
^s^.ordisagreed to) for any
^le^akMember of the Senate to
^://wikimove to proceed to the
^h^ttpconsideration of the
resolution. All points of
order against the resolution
(and against consideration
of the resolution) are
waived. The motion is
privileged and is not
debatable. The motion is
not subject to amendment,
or to a motion to postpone,
or to a motion to proceed
to the consideration of
other business. A motion
to reconsider the vote by

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
which the motion is agreed
to or disagreed to shall not
be in order. If a motion to
proceed to the
consideration of the
resolution is agreed to, the
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Senate shall immediately
^g/wproceed to consideration of
^s^.orthe resolution without
^le^akintervening motion, order,
^://wikior other business, and the
^h^ttpresolution shall remain the
unfinished business of the
Senate until disposed of.
(3) Debate on the
resolution, and on all
debatable motions and
appeals in connection
therewith, shall be limited
to not more than a total of
20 hours, which shall be
divided equally between
the majority leader and the
minority leader or their
designees. A motion to

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
further limit debate is not
debatable. An amendment
to, or motion to recommit,
the resolution is not in
order.
(6) [sic] Immediately
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}following the conclusion
^g/wof the debate on a
^s^.orresolution and a single
^le^akquorum call at the
^://wikiconclusion of the debate if
^h^ttprequested in accordance
with the rules of the
Senate, the vote on final
passage of the resolution
shall occur.
(7) [sic] A motion to
reconsider the vote by
which the resolution is
agreed to or disagreed to is
not in order.
(8) [sic] Appeals from
the decisions of the Chair
relating to the application
of the rules of the Senate to

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
the procedure relating to a
resolution described in
subsection (a) shall be
decided without debate.
(e) Action on Measure
from Other House. – (1) If,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}before the passage by one
^g/wHouse of a resolution of
^s^.orthat House described in
^le^aksubsection (a), that House
^://wikireceives from the other
^h^ttpHouse a resolution
described in subsection (a),
then the following
procedures shall apply:
(A) The resolution of
the other House shall not
be referred to a committee
and may not be considered
in the House receiving it
except as provided in
subparagraph (B)(ii).
(B) With respect to a
resolution described in
subsection (a) of the House

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
receiving the resolution –
(i) the procedure in that
House shall be the same as
if no resolution had been
received from the other
House; but
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596} (ii) the vote on final
^g/wpassage shall be on the
^s^.orresolution of the other
^le^akHouse.
^://wiki (2) Upon disposition
^h^ttppursuant to paragraph
(1)(B)(ii) of a resolution
described in subsection (a)
that is received by one
House from the other
House, it shall no longer be
in order to consider such a
resolution that was
introduced in the receiving
House.
(f) Legislative Day
Defined. – For the
purposes of this section,
with respect to either

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[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
House of Congress, a
legislative day is a
calendar day on which that
House is in session.
(g) Section Enacted as
Exercise of Rule-Making
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Power of the Two Houses.
^g/w– The provisions of this
^s^.orsection (other than
^le^aksubsection (h) are enacted
^://wikiby the Congress –
^h^ttp (1) as an exercise of the
rulemaking power of the
House of Representatives
and the Senate,
respectively, and, as such,
shall be considered as part
of the rules of either House
and shall supersede other
rules only to the extent
they are inconsistent
therewith; and
(2) with full recognition
of the constitutional right
of either House to change

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[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
the rules (so far as they
relate to the procedures of
that House) at any time, in
the same manner, and to
the same extent as in the
case of any other rule of
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}that House.
^g/w (h) Presidential Recall
^s^.orof Congress. - In the event
^le^akthat Congress is not in
^://wikisession upon submission of
^h^ttpa Presidential certification
under section 4, the
President is authorized to
convene a special session
of the Congress to allow
consideration of a joint
resolution under this
section.
Sec. 8. Inherent Right toNo equivalent language.No equivalent language.No equivalent language.

Self-Defense.
Nothing in this joint
resolution is intended to
derogate or otherwise limit

CRS-60
Public Law 107-243
[H.J.Res. 114]S.J.Res. 45S.J.Res. ––S.J.Res. ––
[Hastert-Gephardt]Spratt amendment[Daschle-Lott][Biden-Lugar][Levin]
ned into law 10/16/02in draft form, 10/7/02as placed on Senatein draft form, 9/30/02in draft form, 10/4/02
[S.J.Res. 46 nearlyCalendar 9/30/02
identical]
the authority of the
President to use military
force in self-defense
pursuant to the
Constitution of the United
States and the War Powers
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL31596}Resolution.

^g/w
^s^.or
^le^ak
^://wiki
^h^ttp