Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98th-108th Congresses

CRS Report for Congress
Senate Committee Party Ratios:
thth
98-108 Congresses
November 13, 2003
Lorraine H. Tong
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division

Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98-108 Congresses
Summary
In general, it has been the practice of the Senate to apportion committee seats
to the majority and minority parties in a manner that corresponds closely to the party
strength in the full chamber. This report provides an overview of Senate standing^th^th
committee sizes and ratios for 11 Congresses (98 through 108). Also included are
data on select committees with legislative jurisdiction. For each Congress, a table
shows the total number of seats on each committee, the number of seats assigned to
the majority and minority parties and, where present, the number of seats assigned
to independents. The tables also provide the number of majority and minority seats
on each committee as percentages of the total, and majority-minority seat margins in
the chamber, in the total number of committee seats, and on each individual
committee. The percentage of committee seats held by the majority is compared with
its full chamber strength.
During the 11 Congresses, the sizes of committees have generally increased as
have the number of committee assignments a Senator typically receives. Data from
this study indicate that the majority party ratios on committees roughly approximate
the majority party strength in the Senate chamber, regardless of which party is in
control, with a very slight over-representation on overall total committee seats. The
data also suggest that the narrower the majority-minority party margin in the
chamber, the tighter the control the majority exerts in committee assignments. This
report will be updated as events warrant.

Contents
Sources and Method................................................1
Comparative Analysis of Ratios......................................2
108^th Congress and 107^th Congresses...............................3
Committee Sizes..............................................3
Committee Totals..............................................3
Committee Seat Margins........................................4
Prospects for the Future.........................................4
List of Tables
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 108^th Congress (2003-2005 )...............6^th
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 107 Congress (2001-2003)...............7
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 106^th Congress (1999-2001)...............8^th
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 105 Congress (1997-1999)...............9
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 104^th Congress (1995-1997)..............10^rd
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 103 Congress (1993-1995)..............11
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 102^nd Congress (1991-1993)..............12^st
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 101 Congress (1989-1991)..............13
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 100^th Congress (1987-1989)..............14^th
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 99 Congress (1985-1987)...............15
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98^th Congress (1983-1985)...............16

Senate Committee Party Ratios:
thth
98-108 Congresses
The standing rules of the Senate are silent regarding committee party ratios. The
majority and minority leaders, in consultation, determine the apportionment of the
committee seats to each party. They implement this agreement through resolutions
electing Senators to committees. This report provides an overview and data on
Senate standing committee party ratios the 98^th through 108^th Congresses (1983-
2005). In addition to the standing committees, data on permanent select committees
with legislative jurisdiction are also included.
Sources and Method
Assignment data for each Senate committee for the 98^th through the 108^th
Congresses were taken from the official committee assignment lists issued by the¹
Secretary of the Senate, after assignments were made in each Congress. Data for the

107^th Congress reflect committee ratios established after the Senate reorganization²

in June 2001as a result of the switch in party control. The numbers on overall party
strength in the Senate for each Congress are taken from the same lists issued by the
Secretary of the Senate.
The tables at the end of the report provide data for each Senate standing
committee and permanent select committees with legislative jurisdictions. A table
for each of the 11 Congresses covered in this report reflects the committees as

¹Each list is the first official list prepared, excluding preliminary lists, under the direction
of the Secretary of the Senate as a Senate publication. Most of the lists were issued in the
spring of the first session of each Congress. In the 99th Congress, the list used as a source
was marked preliminary, as were all the lists published during the first session of that
Congress. The dates of the publications are footnoted at the end of each table. As noted,^th
the 107 Congress is an exception due to the unusual circumstances of the equally divided
Senate.
²At the beginning of the 107^th Congress, the Senate was divided equally between
Republicans and Democrats. As a result, Democrats chaired all committees for the first 17
days of the session, and Republicans assumed the committee chairmanships following the
inauguration of Vice President Richard Cheney. An historic powersharing agreement,
S.Res. 8, was presented by party leaders and agreed to on Jan. 5, 2001. In June 2001, after
one Republican announced his intention to become an Independent, the Republicans were
reduced to 49 seats and the Democrats, with 50 seats, gained control of the Senate. A
provision of S.Res. 120, agreed to on June 29, 2001, gave the majority a one seat advantage
on each Senate committee (except for the Ethics Committee). The resolution further
provided that no Senator would lose a committee seat by virtue of the resolution. For more^th
details, see CRS Report RL30881, Senate Organization in the 107 Congress: The
Powersharing Agreement And Recent Developments, by Paul S. Rundquist.

established and titled in that Congress. The tables indicate the total number of seats
on each committee, as well as the number assigned to the majority and minority
parties and, where present, to independents. The majority and minority seats on each
committee are also shown as percentages of the total (which do not add to 100 when
independents are present). Also included are (1) the chamber’s majority-minority
distribution; (2) the total number of committee seats controlled by each party; and (3)
party strength on each individual committee. The majority percentage of total
committee seats is compared to the majority percentage of the full Senate.³
Vacancies on committees (as noted in the Secretary’s lists) are counted in individual
and overall committee totals for consistency.
The following statistical information and selected analyses are based on the
tables to illustrate trends over time and to highlight variations from traditional
pract i ces.⁴
Comparative Analysis of Ratios
The data shows that the majority party has generally over-represented itself
slightly in making committee assignments in most Congresses (with the exception
of the Committee on Ethics, on which equal party strength is required, and the Select
Committee on Intelligence which by rule has a one-seat majority edge). In nine of
the 11 Congresses, the majority had a slight over-representation, as calculated in^th^th
percentage points. From the 98 to the 108 Congresses, the majority ratio in
committee, compared to its strength in the Senate chamber, ranged from an under-^nd
representation of -0.37 percentage points in the 102 Congress to an over-
representation of 1.70 percentage points in the 108^th Congresses.
During five Congresses of this period, the majority party had a substantial^nd^rd
numerical advantage. In two Congresses (102 and 103), the majority was under-
represented on committees, compared with its overall strength in the Senate. In the^nd
102 Congress, the majority was under-represented on committees by -0.37
percentage points. In the 103^rd Congress, the majority was under-represented on
committees in which it was under-represented by -0.09 percentage points. These two
Congresses constitute two of the widest majority-minority seat margins in the period^nd^rd
examined: 12 seats in the 102 Congress and 14 seats in the 103. In three other
Congresses (101^st, 105^th, and 106^th) when the majority-minority seat margin was 10
in each Congress, the majority over-representation on committees was 0.05, 0.19,
and 0.16, respectively. By comparison, in the other six Congresses where the Senate
party strengths have been closer, majority party over-representation in committees
has been greater.

³All percentages are calculated by computer, and reflect rounding.
⁴It is to be noted that these are not the only sources and methodologies available and that the
use of alternate sources or methodologies will yield different data and findings.

108^th Congress and 107^th Congresses
With 51 Senate seats in the 108^th Congress, the majority holds 52.70% of the
committee seats, compared to the minority’s 48 Senate seats and 46.22% of the
committee seats. The majority was over-represented on committees in the 108^th
Congress by 1.70 percentage points. With 50 Senate seats in the 107^th Congress
(after June 2001), the majority held 51.34% of the committee seats compared to the
minority’s 49 Senate seats and 47.58% of the committee seats. The majority was
over-represented on committees in the 107^th Congress by 1.34 percentage points.
From the 107^th Congress to the 108^th Congress, the total number of committee
seats dropped from 372 to 370 seats; at the same time the majority gained two
additional seats.
Committee Sizes
The size of committees during the 11 Congresses covered by this report ranged
from six (Ethics) to 29 (Appropriations). The size of a committee is a factor in
calculating ratios by percentage. The smaller the size of the committee, the greater
percentage point difference a change of one seat makes. For example,
mathematically speaking, in the current 51 to 49 majority-minority margin, a one-seat
advantage for the majority at eight seats to the minority’s seven on a committee of
15 Members (as on the Committee of Indian Affairs in the 108^th Congress) translates
into a majority over-representation of 2.33 percentage points. In contrast, on the
Committee on Appropriations (the largest committee in the 108^th Congress), the
majority’s one-seat advantage over the minority (15 to 14) resulted in an over-
representation of 0.72 percentage points.
In the 100^th Congress, when the majority had 54 seats compared to the
minority’s 46 in the full chamber, the aggregate majority committee seat percentage
exceeded its strength in the chamber by 0.77 percentage point. On the six-member
Ethics Committee, which has equal representation, the majority’s ratio was calculated
at 4.00 percentage points less than its strength in the Senate. In this same Congress,
the majority was over-represented by 8.50 percentage points on the Committee on
Indian Affairs (then known as the Special Committee on Indian Affairs). The
committee had a total of eight seats with a five-to- three majority-minority allocation.
This committee almost doubled in size to a total of 15 seats in the 108^th Congress
while the majority over-representation decreased to 2.33 percentage points. These
examples illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the size of the
committee and its impact on the percentage point calculations.
Committee Totals
Since the 98^th Congress, the sizes of Senate committees have generally increased
as has the number of committee assignments a Senator typically receives. Total
committee seats in the 11 Congresses covered ranged from 312 (99^th Congress) to
372 (107^th Congress). Senate Rule XXV, paragraph 4, generally limits to three the
number of standing committee assignments an individual Senator may have. The
growth in overall committee assignments during the period covered shows 60

additional seats added to Senate committees. The result is that Senators now serve,
on average, on nearly four standing committees each. Generally, the growth in
assignments reflects the interests of Senators in serving on more committees and the
need for party leaders to seek waivers of assignment limits to assure working control
for the majority on critical committees.
Committee Seat Margins
Over this period, during these 11 Congresses, the majority-minority party
advantage in the full Senate ranged from one seat (the second half of the First Session
of the 107^th Congress) to 14 (102^nd Congress). The data appear to indicate that the
closer the majority-minority seat margin in the Senate, the greater the likelihood of
majority over-representation on committees, and the higher the percentage point
difference between total committee and chamber ratios.
In the 108^th Congress, with a majority-minority margin of three seats (51
Republicans, 48 Democrats, and 1 Independent), the majority committee party ratio,
when compared with its strength in the chamber, has an over-representation of 1.70
percentage points. This was the majority party’s highest percentage point over-
representation during this period (98^th -108^th Congresses). In the closely divided 107^th
Congress (50 Democrats, 49 Republicans, 1 Independent, after June 2001
reorganization), the majority over-representation was 1.34 percentage points.
Conversely, the greater advantage of the majority in the full Senate, the more
likely it is to be under-represented in committee strength. For example, in the 102^nd
Congress, the majority-minority seat margin in the Senate was 14. The aggregate
majority committee party ratio was less than its strength in the Senate by -0.37
percentage points. The majority was also under-represented slightly at -0.09
percentage points in the 103^rd Congress, when the majority-minority seat margin in
the chamber was 12. During these two Congresses, the majority was slightly under-
represented on nearly half of individual committees.
During the period surveyed, the majority-minority margins on individual
committees (with the exception of the Ethics and Intelligence Committees, and the
unusual circumstances of the 107^th Congress) ranged from one to three seats. A two-
seat margin on most committees, regardless of the margin in the Senate, was more
common in the Congresses prior to the 107^th Congress, when there were no
Independent Members. In the 107^th and 108^th Congresses, most committees had a
one-seat majority-minority margin that reflected the very close margin in the party
strength in the Senate chamber.
Prospects for the Future
An examination of the committee ratios surveyed shows a trend: the majority
party ratios on committees roughly approximate majority party strength in the Senate
chamber, regardless of which party is in control, with a very slight over-
representation on overall total committee seats. The data further suggest that the
narrower the majority-minority party margin in the chamber, the tighter the control

the majority exerts in committee assignments. Barring any drastic departure from
Senate practice and custom, the data appear to suggest that this historical trend may
well continue in future Congresses.

CRS-6
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 108^th Congress (2003-2005 )
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Ma^j^o^rⁱ^t^y^-^Percentage^%^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^M^a^jori^ty
^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Com^p^{ared to}
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾^Iⁿ^d^e^p^eⁿ^d^eⁿ^t^M^a^jori^{ty (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵¹⁴⁸¹³^51.00^48.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³⁷⁰¹⁹⁵¹⁷¹⁴²⁴^52.70^46.22^1.70
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
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^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁵¹⁴¹^51.72^48.28^0.72
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁵¹³¹²¹^52.00^48.00^1.00
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^dg^et²³¹²¹¹¹^52.17^47.83^1.17
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^g/w^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²¹¹²⁹³^57.14^42.86^6.14
^s^.orⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁹¹⁰⁸¹²^52.63^42.11^1.63
^le^ak^aⁿ^c^e²¹¹¹⁹¹²^52.38^42.86^1.38
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^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶¹^.⁹⁴
^{The Senate of the United States}^C^o^{mmittee and Subcommittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^fo^r^{the One Hundr}^{ed Eighth C}^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^epared^Un^der^th^e^Direction^of^Em^ily^J^.^R^e^yⁿ^olds^{, Secretary}
^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^{, by}^D^a^vⁱ^{d J. T}ⁱⁿ^s^l^e^y^,^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^,^{Mar. 31, 2003 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^2003).
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^an^{d 108}^Co^ngr^e^sse^s.

CRS-7
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 107^th Congress (2001-2003)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Ma^j^o^rⁱ^t^y^-^Percentage^%^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e
^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^M^a^jori^ty^Com^p^{ared to}^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾^Iⁿ^d^e^p^eⁿ^d^eⁿ^t^M^a^jori^{ty (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁰⁴⁹¹¹^50.00^49.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³⁷²¹⁹¹¹⁷⁷⁴¹⁴^51.34^47.58^1.34
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
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^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁵¹⁴¹^51.72^48.28^1.72
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁵¹³¹²¹^52.00^48.00^2.00
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^dg^et²³¹²¹¹¹^52.17^47.83^2.17
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ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²³¹²¹¹¹^52.17^47.83^2.17ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁹⁹⁹¹⁰^47.37^47.37^-²^.63
^g/w^aⁿ^c^e²¹¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰^47.62^47.62^-²^.38
^s^.or^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^2.63
^le^ak^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁷⁹⁸¹^52.94^47.06^2.94
^://wiki^t^h^{, Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ^,^L^a^{bor an}^{d Pen}^sⁱ^oⁿ^s²¹¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰^47.62^47.62^-²^.38^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁵⁸⁷¹^53.33^46.67^3.33
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^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^an^{d En}^t^r^epren^e^u^r^s^hⁱ^p¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^2.63
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^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶²^.⁹⁴
^{The Senate of the United States}^C^o^{mmittee and Subcommittee}^As^sⁱ^gnments^for^{the One Hundr}^{ed Seventh C}^ongr^es^s^{, P}^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^J^e^{ri T}^h^om^s^oⁿ^,^Secretary
^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^{, by}^D^a^vⁱ^{d J. T}ⁱⁿ^s^l^e^y^,^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^,^N^o^v^.^{29, 2001 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^2002).
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^Sen^a^te^w^a^s^divⁱ^ded^equ^a^lly^betw^een^R^e^pu^blican^s^an^{d Dem}^o^crats^.^A^s^{a res}^u^{lt, Dem}^o^crats^ch^{aired all com}^m^ittees^f^o^{r th}^{e f}ⁱ^rs^t^{17 day}^s^of^t^h^{e s}^e^s^sⁱ^on^{, an}^d^R^e^pu^blⁱ^can^s^as^s^u^m^e^d^t^h^e
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^{e res}^o^lu^tion^.^{Data on}^th^{e Select C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^Hom^e^lan^d^Secu^rity^{are ex}^clu^d^{ed becau}^s^e^th^{e pan}^e^{l w}^a^s^tem^poraryⁱⁿ^th^{e 107}^Co^ngr^e^ss.

CRS-8
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 106^th Congress (1999-2001)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^M^a^jori^ty-^Percentage^%^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e
^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^M^a^jori^ty^Com^p^{ared to}^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^{% Sena}^t^e^M^a^j^o^rit^y
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁵⁴⁵¹⁰^55.00^45.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³³⁹¹⁸⁷¹⁵²³⁵^55.16^44.84^0.16
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁸¹⁰⁸²⁵⁵^.⁵⁶⁴⁴^.⁴⁴⁰^.⁵⁶
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁸¹⁵¹³²^53.57^46.43^-¹^.43
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^dg^et²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^-⁰^.45
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^g/w^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^s^.or^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^le^ak^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^1.25
^://wiki^t^h^{, Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ^,^L^a^{bor an}^{d Pen}^sⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁴⁸⁶²^57.14^42.86^2.14
^h^ttp^ci^ary¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^l^e^s^an^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^1.25
^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^t^e^ran^s^'^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹²⁷⁵²^58.33^41.67^3.33
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^Et^hⁱ^cs⁶³³⁰^50.00^50.00^-⁵^.00
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶^-²^.0⁶
^{The Senate of the United States}^C^o^{mmittee and Subcommittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^fo^r^{the One Hundr}^{ed Sixth C}^ongr^es^s^{, P}^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^Gary^Sis^c^{o, Secretary}^of
^eⁿ^a^t^e^by^D^a^vⁱ^{d J. T}ⁱⁿ^s^l^e^y^,^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^,^{Mar. 29, 1999 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1999).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-9
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 105^th Congress (1997-1999)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Ma^j^o^rⁱ^t^y^-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jority
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^Com^p^{ared to}^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁵⁴⁵¹⁰^55.00^45.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³³⁷¹⁸⁶¹⁵¹³⁵^55.19^44.81^0.19
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁸¹⁰⁸²⁵⁵^.⁵⁶⁴⁴^.⁴⁴⁰^.⁵⁶
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁸¹⁵¹³²^53.57^46.43^-¹^.43
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^dg^et²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^-⁰^.45
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^s^.or^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^1.25
^le^ak^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^://wiki^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁴⁸⁶²^57.14^42.86^2.14^ci^ary¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^h^ttp^l^e^s^an^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^1.25
^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^0.56
^t^e^ran^s^'^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹²⁷⁵²^58.33^41.67^3.33
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^Et^hⁱ^cs⁶³³⁰^50.00^50.00^-⁵^.00
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹⁵²^.⁶³⁴⁷^.³⁷^-²^.3⁷
^The^Senate^{of the United States}^C^o^{mmittee and Subcommittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^for^the^One^Hundr^{ed Fifth C}^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^Gary^Scis^{co, Secretary}
^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^{, by}^R^.^S^c^ot^t^Bat^e^s^,^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^,^F^e^{b. 14, 1997 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1997).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-10
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 104^th Congress (1995-1997)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^M^a^jori^ty-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jori^ty
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^Com^p^{ared to}^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵³⁴⁷⁶^53.00^47.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³³¹¹⁸⁰¹⁵¹²⁹^54.38^45.62^1.38
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶^-⁰^.0⁶
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁸¹⁵¹³²^53.57^46.43^0.57
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²¹¹¹¹⁰¹^52.38^47.62^-⁰^.62
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^3.25
^dg^et²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^1.55
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-⁰^.37
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^2.56
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^3.25^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^2.00
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^2.56
^s^.or^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁵⁸⁷¹^53.33^46.67^0.33
^le^ak^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^3.25
^://wiki^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁷⁹⁸¹^52.94^47.06^-⁰^.06^ci^ary¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^2.56
^h^ttp^l^e^s^an^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^3.25
^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-⁰^.37
^t^e^ran^s^'^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹²⁷⁵²^58.33^41.67^5.33
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^Et^hⁱ^cs⁶³³⁰^50.00^50.00^-³^.00
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶^-⁰^.0⁶
^{The Senate of the United States}^C^o^{mmittee and Subcommittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^for^{the One Hundr}^{ed Four}^{th C}^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^Sh^{eila P}^.^B^u^rk^e,^Secretary
^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^{, by}^R^.^S^c^ot^t^Bat^e^s^,^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^,^F^e^{b. 27, 1995 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1995).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-11
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 103^rd Congress (1993-1995)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^M^a^jori^ty-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jority
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^Com^p^{ared to}^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁶⁴⁴¹²^56.00^44.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³⁴⁷¹⁹⁴¹⁵³⁴¹^55.91^44.09^-0.09
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁸¹⁰⁸²⁵⁵^.⁵⁶⁴⁴^.⁴⁴^-⁰^.4⁴
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁶¹³³^55.17^44.83^-⁰^.83
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^-¹^.45
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁹¹¹⁸³^57.89^42.11^1.89
^dg^et²¹¹²⁹³^57.14^42.86^1.14
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^-¹^.00
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²¹¹²⁹³^57.14^42.86^1.14
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁷¹⁰⁷³^58.82^41.18^2.82^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^-¹^.00
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^-¹^.00
^s^.or^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁴⁸⁶²^57.14^42.86^1.14
^le^ak^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁷¹⁰⁷³^58.82^41.18^2.82
^://wiki^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^-⁰^.44^ci^ary¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^-⁰^.44
^h^ttp^l^e^s^an^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^0.25
^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^-¹^.45
^t^e^ran^s^'^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹²⁷⁵²^58.33^41.67^2.33
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^Et^hⁱ^cs⁶³³⁰^50.00^50.00^-⁶^.00
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶^-³^.0⁶
^T^h^{e Senat}^{e of}^t^h^e^Uⁿⁱ^t^e^d^St^at^es^C^o^mmittees^{and Subcommittees}^As^sⁱ^gnments^for^{the One Hundr}^{ed Thir}^d^C^ongr^es^s^{, P}^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^W^a^{lter J}^.^Stew^{art, Secretary}
^e^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^,^by^R^.^S^c^ot^t^Bat^e^s^,^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^e^C^l^erk^,^N^o^v^.^{22, 1993 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^{1993). (T}^hⁱ^s^pu^blⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿⁱ^s^m^a^rk^{ed i}ⁿ^t^e^ri^m^,^{as w}^e^r^e^{all f}^o^u^r^o^f^th^{e lists f}^o^r^th^{e Fir}^s^t^Sessioⁿ^o^f^rd
^Co^ngr^e^ss)^.
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-12
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 102^nd Congress (1991-1993)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^M^a^jori^ty-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jori^ty
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^Com^p^{ared to}^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁷⁴³¹⁴^57.00^43.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³³²¹⁸⁸¹⁴⁴⁴⁴^56.63^43.37^-0.37
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁸¹⁰⁸²⁵⁵^.⁵⁶⁴⁴^.⁴⁴^-¹^.4⁴
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁶¹³³^55.17^44.83^-¹^.83
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^-²^.00
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s²¹¹²⁹³^57.14^42.86^0.14
^dg^et²¹¹²⁹³^57.14^42.86^0.14
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^-²^.00
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^-²^.00
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁷¹⁰⁷³^58.82^41.18^1.82^aⁿ^c^e¹⁹¹¹⁸³^57.89^42.11^0.89
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁹¹¹⁸³^57.89^42.11^0.89
^s^.or^v^r^m^A^f^a^r³⁸⁵³⁶¹^.⁵⁴³⁸^.⁴⁶⁴^.⁵
^le^ak^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁷¹⁰⁷³^58.82^41.18^1.82
^://wikiⁱ^c^r^y¹⁴⁸⁶²⁷^.²^.⁰^.¹^l^e^s^aⁿ^d^Aⁱ^s^t^r^aⁱⁿ⁶⁹⁷²⁵⁶²⁴³⁷⁵^-⁷⁵
^h^ttp^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁹¹¹⁸³^57.89^42.11^0.89
^t^r^a^'^A^f^a^r¹²⁷⁵²⁸^.³¹^.⁶¹^.³
^c^C^o^mⁱ^t^e^oⁿ^E^t^hⁱ^c^s⁶³³⁰⁵⁰⁵⁰^-⁷⁰
^t^I^d^aⁿ^A^f^aⁱ^r^s⁶⁹⁷²⁶^.²⁴³^.⁷^.⁵
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁵⁸⁷¹³⁶^-³⁶
^Lis^t^{of Standing C}^o^mmitt^ees^{and Subcommittees}^{and Select and}^{Special C}^o^mmittees^{and C}^o^{mmittee A}^s^sⁱ^gnments^{and lis}^{t of Senator}^s^{by St}^at^{e of}^t^h^{e Senat}^{e of}^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d St}^at^es
^h^er^wⁱ^t^h^C^e^r^t^ai^{n Joi}ⁿ^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^t^h^e^C^ongr^es^s^f^o^r^t^h^{e O}ⁿ^{e H}^undr^{ed Second C}^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^W^a^{lter J}^.^Stew^{art, Secretary}^of^th^{e Sen}^a^{te, by}^B^a^rry
^k^{, D}ⁱ^rect^{or of}^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^Priⁿ^tⁱⁿ^g^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, S}^e^pt^{. 23, 1991, (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1991).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-13
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 101^st Congress (1989-1991)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^M^a^jori^ty-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jori^ty
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^Com^p^{ared to}^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁵⁴⁵¹⁰^55.00^45.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³²⁷¹⁸⁰¹⁴⁷³³^55.05^44.95^0.05
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹⁵²^.⁶³⁴⁷^.³⁷^-²^.3⁷
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁶¹³³^55.17^44.83^0.17
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s²¹¹²⁹³^57.14^42.86^2.14
^dg^et²³¹³¹⁰³^56.52^43.48^1.52
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-²^.37
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^r^e^a^d^P^b^lⁱ^c^W^k^s¹⁶⁹⁷²⁵⁶^.²⁴³^.⁷⁵¹^.⁵^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^0.00
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-²^.37
^s^.or^v^r^m^A^f^a^r¹⁴⁸⁶²⁵⁷^.¹⁴⁴²^.⁸⁶^.¹⁴
^le^ak^a^d^H^u^m^R^e^s^o^u^c^e^s⁶⁹⁷²⁶²³⁷⁵⁵
^://wikiⁱ^c^r^y^.^.²^.
^h^ttp^l^e^s^aⁿ^Aⁱⁿ^s^t^r^aⁱⁿ¹⁵⁴¹^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-²^.37
^t^r^a^'^A^f^a^r¹⁶⁵¹⁴^.⁵^.⁰^.⁴⁵
^c^C^o^mⁱ^t^e^oⁿ^E^t^hⁱ^c^s⁶³³⁰⁵⁰⁰^-
^t^I^d^aⁿ^A^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁰⁶⁴²⁶^.⁴^.^.
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁵⁸⁷¹³⁶⁷^-¹⁶⁷
^Lis^t^{of Standing C}^o^mmitt^ees^{and Subcommittees}^{and Subcommittees}^{ad Select and Special C}^o^mmitt^ees^{and C}^o^{mmittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^and^Lⁱ^s^t^of^Senat^or^s^{by St}^at^{e of}^t^h^{e Senat}^e
^{e U}ⁿ^tⁱ^e^{d St}^at^es^T^oget^h^er^wⁱ^t^h^C^e^r^t^ai^{n Joi}ⁿ^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^t^h^{e O}ⁿ^{e H}^undr^{ed Fi}^r^s^t^C^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^epared^Un^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^W^a^{lter J}^.^Stew^art,^Secretary^of^th^{e Sen}^a^{te, by}^B^a^rry
^k^{, D}ⁱ^rect^{or of}^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^Priⁿ^tⁱⁿ^g^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, May}^{19, 1989 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1989).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-14
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 100^th Congress (1987-1989)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^{s Num}^b^er^Ma^j^o^rⁱ^t^y^-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Percentage^{Difference in}^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jori^ty
^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Com^p^{ared to}
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^y(D⁾^Mⁱⁿ^o^ri^{ty (R}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (D}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (R}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁴⁴⁶⁸^54.00^46.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³²⁵¹⁷⁸¹⁴⁷³¹^54.77^45.23^0.77
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹⁵²^.⁶³⁴⁷^.³⁷^-¹^.3⁷
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁶¹³³^55.17^44.83^1.17
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^1.00
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^1.00
^dg^et²⁴¹³¹¹²^54.17^45.83^0.17
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^1.00
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-¹^.37
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^2.25^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^1.00
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-¹^.37
^s^.or^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁴⁸⁶²^57.14^42.86^3.14
^le^ak^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^2.25
^://wiki^ci^ary¹⁴⁸⁶²^57.14^42.86^3.14^l^e^s^an^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^2.25
^h^ttp^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-¹^.37
^t^e^ran^s^'^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹¹⁶⁵¹^54.55^45.45^0.55
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^Et^hⁱ^cs⁶³³⁰^50.00^50.00^-⁴^.00
^al^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^In^di^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s⁸⁵³²^62.50^37.50^8.50
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁵⁸⁷¹⁵³^.³³⁴⁶^.⁶⁷^-⁰^.6⁷
^Lis^t^{of Standing C}^o^mmitt^ees^{and Subcommittees}^and^{Subcommittees}^{ad Select and Special C}^o^mmitt^ees^{and C}^o^{mmittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^and^Lⁱ^s^t^of^Senat^or^s^{by St}^at^{e of}^t^h^{e Senat}^e
^{e U}ⁿ^tⁱ^e^{d St}^at^es^T^oget^h^er^wⁱ^t^h^C^e^r^t^ai^{n Joi}ⁿ^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^t^h^e^Oⁿ^e^H^undr^edt^h^C^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^epared^Un^der^th^{e Direction}^of^W^a^{lter J}^.^St^ew^{art, Secretary}^of^th^{e Sen}^a^{te, by}^B^a^rry^J^.
^k^{, D}ⁱ^rect^{or of}^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^Priⁿ^tⁱⁿ^g^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, Ju}^l^y^{1, 1987 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1989).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-15
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 99^th Congress (1985-1987)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Ma^j^o^rⁱ^t^y^-^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jori^ty
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^Com^p^{ared to}^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵³⁴⁷⁶^53.00^47.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³¹²¹⁶⁸¹⁴⁴²⁴^53.85^46.15^0.85
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁵²^.⁹⁴⁴⁷^.⁰⁶^-⁰^.⁶
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁵¹⁴¹^51.72^48.28^-¹^.28
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-⁰^.37
ⁿ^kⁱ^g^,^H^u^s^g^,^aⁿ^d^U^r^b^aⁿ^A^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁵⁸⁷¹⁵³^.⁴⁶^.⁷^.³
^dg^et²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^1.55
^m^e^r^c^,^Sⁱ^e^c^,^a^T^r^a^s^p^o^r^t^aⁱⁿ⁷⁹⁸¹²^.⁹⁴^.⁰^-⁰^.⁶
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^2.56
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^r^eⁿ^a^d^P^b^lⁱ^c^W^k^s¹⁵⁸⁷¹⁵³^.⁴⁶^.⁷^.³^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^2.00
^g/w^g^R^l^a^tⁱ^o^s⁷⁹⁸¹²^.⁹⁴^.⁰^-⁰^.⁶
^s^.or^v^e^mⁿ^A^f^a^r¹³⁷⁶¹⁵³⁸⁴⁶¹⁵⁸⁵
^le^ak^r^a^d^H^u^mⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^c^e^s⁶⁹⁷²⁶^.³^.⁷³^.²
^://wiki^ci^ary¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^2.56^l^e^s^aⁿ^Aⁱ^s^t^r^aⁱⁿ⁵⁸⁷¹⁵³^.⁴⁶^.⁰^.
^h^ttp^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-⁰^.37
^t^r^a^'^A^f^a^r¹²⁷⁵²⁸^.¹^.⁷⁵^.³
^c^C^o^mⁱ^t^e^oⁿ^E^t^hⁱ^c^s⁶³³⁰⁵⁰⁵⁰^-
^t^I^d^aⁿ^A^f^aⁱ^r^s⁹⁵⁴¹^.⁶⁴^.²^.⁶
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁵⁸⁷¹³⁶⁷⁰³
^Lis^t^{of Standing C}^o^mmittees^{and Select and Special co}^mmittees^{and C}^o^{mmittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^{and Lis}^t^{of Senator}^s^by^{State of the Se}^nat^{e of}^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d St}^at^es^T^oget^h^er^wⁱ^t^h
^t^aiⁿ^Joiⁿ^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^t^h^{e C}^ongr^es^s^f^o^r^t^h^{e N}ⁱ^net^y^-Nⁱⁿ^t^h^C^ongr^es^s^(P^relimⁱⁿ^ary⁾^,^P^r^{epared Un}^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^J^o^-^Aⁿⁿ^e^L^.^C^o^{e, Secretary}^of^th^{e Sen}^a^{te by}^B^a^rry^J^.^W^o^lk^,
^{or of}^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^Priⁿ^tⁱⁿ^g^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, A}^u^g^.^{1, 1986 (Was}^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:^G^P^O^,^1986).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.

CRS-16
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98^th Congress (1983-1985)
^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^Dist^ribut^io^{n o}^f^Sea^t^s^{Difference in}
^Num^b^er^M^a^jori^ty-^Percentage^{% Com}^mⁱ^{ttee M}^a^jori^ty
^Miⁿ^o^rⁱ^t^y^Com^p^{ared to}^T^o^tal^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾^M^ajori^t^{y (R}⁾^Mⁱⁿ^ori^t^{y (D}⁾
^Sea^t^M^a^rgⁱⁿ^{% S}^eⁿ^a^{te M}^a^jori^ty
^a^{te Party S}^t^ren^gth¹⁰⁰⁵⁴⁴⁶⁸^54.00^46.00
^tal^C^o^m^mⁱ^{ttee S}^e^ats³²⁰¹⁷⁵¹⁴⁵³⁰^54.69^45.31^0.69
^C^o^mmi^t^t^e^e^s
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^{, Nu}^tr^itioⁿ^,^an^d^Fo^r^e^str^y¹⁸¹⁰⁸²⁵⁵^.⁵⁶⁴⁴^.⁴⁴¹^.⁵⁶
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s²⁹¹⁵¹⁴¹^51.72^48.28^-²^.28
^e^{d S}^e^rvⁱ^ces¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^1.56
^kⁱⁿ^g^,^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^,^an^{d U}^r^ban^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^1.56
^dg^et²²¹²¹⁰²^54.55^45.45^0.55
^m^m^e^{rce, S}^cⁱ^eⁿ^{ce, an}^{d T}^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ¹⁷⁹⁸¹^52.94^47.06^-¹^.06
^y^an^{d N}^a^t^u^ral^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^1.00
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32148}ⁱ^ron^m^en^t^an^{d Pu}^blⁱ^c^Work^s¹⁶⁹⁷²^56.25^43.75^2.25^aⁿ^c^e²⁰¹¹⁹²^55.00^45.00^1.00
^g/w^gⁿ^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s¹⁷⁹⁸¹^52.94^47.06^-¹^.06
^s^.or^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^1.56
^le^ak^ci^ary¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^1.56
^://wiki^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^R^e^s^o^u^r^ces¹⁸¹⁰⁸²^55.56^44.44^1.56^l^e^s^an^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹²⁷⁵²^58.33^41.67^4.33
^h^ttp^al^l^Bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s¹⁹¹⁰⁹¹^52.63^47.37^-¹^.37
^t^e^ran^s^'^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s¹²⁷⁵²^58.33^41.67^4.33
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^Et^hⁱ^cs⁶³³⁰^50.00^50.00^-⁴^.00
^ect^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^In^di^an^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s⁷⁴³¹^57.14^42.86^3.14
^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce¹⁵⁸⁷¹⁵³^.³³⁴⁶^.⁶⁷^-⁰^.6⁷
^Lis^t^{of Standing C}^o^mmittees^{and Select and Special co}^mmittees^{and C}^o^{mmittee As}^sⁱ^gnments^{and Lis}^t^{of Senator}^s^by^{State of the Se}^nat^{e of}^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d St}^at^es^T^oget^h^er^wⁱ^t^h
^t^ai^{n Joi}ⁿ^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^t^h^{e C}^ongr^es^s^f^o^r^t^h^{e N}ⁱ^net^y^-Ei^ght^{h C}^ongr^es^s^,^P^r^epared^Un^{der th}^{e Direction}^of^W^illiam^{F. Hilden}^bran^{d, Secretary}^of^th^{e Sen}^a^{te, Mar. 14, 1983 (W}^as^hⁱⁿ^g^t^on^:
^,^1983).
^P^e^rcen^tag^e^s^w^e^{re calcu}^{lated by}^com^p^u^t^{er, an}^{d ref}^l^{ect rou}ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.