USA PATRIOT Improvement ad Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R. 3199): A Side-by-Side Comparison of Existing Law, H.R. 3199 (Conference), and H.R. 3199 (Senate Passed)

CRS Report for Congress
USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization
Act of 2005 (H.R. 3199): A Side-by-Side
Comparison of Existing Law, H.R. 3199
(Conference) and H.R. 3199 (Senate Passed)
Updated February 17, 2006
Brian T. Yeh
Legislative Attorney
American Law Division
Charles Doyle
Senior Specialist
American Law Division

Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act
of 2005 (H.R. 3199): A Side-by-Side Comparison of
Existing Law, H.R. 3199 (Conference) and H.R. 3199
(Senate Passed)
Summary
By virtue of section 224 of the USA PATRIOT Act, P.L. 107-56 (2001), several
of the Act’s amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 50 U.S.C.

1801-1862, and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2522,

2701-2712, 3121-3127, were scheduled to expire on December 31, 2005, 115 Stat.

295 (2001). P.L. 109-160 (S. 2167) postponed the expiration dates of those
provisions and of section 6001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention
Act of 2004 (“lone wolf” amendment) until February 3, 2006, 119 Stat. 2957(2005);
P.L. 109-170 (H.R. 4659) further extended sunset until March 10, 2006.
The version of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of
2005, H.R. 3199, which the Senate sent to conference primarily addresses the
provisions scheduled to expire and related matters such as the issuance of “national
security letters” under 18 U.S.C. 2709. The version of H.R. 3199 upon which the
conferees agreed represents a compromise between the Senate version and the
version passed by the House. The conference bill also contains provisions, amended
by the conferees in several instances, that originated in the House, but that in some
cases have been considered in the Senate under separate legislative proposals. These
include sections relating to the death penalty, seaport security, secret service,
combating terrorism financing, and methamphetamine abuse. The House passed the
conference bill on December 14, 2005, 151 Cong.Rec. H11543-544. S. 2271 amends
the conference bill.
This report may be revised as circumstances warrant. Related CRS reports
include CRS Report RS22348, USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act
of 2005 (H.R. 3199): A Brief Look; and CRS Report RL33239, USA PATRIOT
Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R. 3199): Side-by-Side Analysis
of the Conference Bill, both by Brian T. Yeh and Charles Doyle.

Contents
USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorization and Related Matters..............2
Terrorism Death Penalty Enhancement............................14
Reducing Crime and Terrorism at America’s Seaports................15
Combating Terrorism Financing.................................21
Miscellaneous Provisions.......................................25
Secret Service................................................27
Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005...................28

USA PATRIOT Improvement and
Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R. 3199): A
Side-by-Side Comparison of Existing Law,
H.R. 3199 (Conference), and H.R. 3199
(Senate Passed)
On December 9, 2005, House and Senate conferees reported out the USA
PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act (H.R. 3199). The House agreed
to the conference report on December 14, 2005, 151 Cong.Rec. H11543-544. On
December 22, 2005, the House and Senate enacted a bill (S. 2167) that extended the
sunset of certain provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act and the lone wolf provision
of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, originally set to
expire on December 31, 2005, until February 3, 2006, P.L. 109-160, 119 Stat. 2957
(2005); the expiration was subsequently further extended to March 10, 2006, P.L.

109-170, 120 Stat. 3 (2006). S. 2271 amends the conference bill.

What follows is a side-by-side comparison of existing law, the conference report
version of H.R. 3199, and the version of H.R. 3199 which the Senate sent to
conference. S. 2271’s amendments to the conference bill are noted in the comments
column.

PATRIOT Act Reauthorizations and Adjustments: Comparison of H.R. 3199 (Conference Report) and H.R. 3199
(Senate Passed (S. 1389))
^Pres^en^{t law}^H^{.R. 3199 (Con}^feren^{ce Rep}^o^rt)^H.R^.^{3199 (S}^en^{ate Pas}^s^e^d⁽^S^.¹³⁸⁹⁾⁾^C^o^mmeⁿ^t^s
^{USA PAT}^R^I^O^T^{and T}^erroris^m^{USA P}^A^TRIO^{T Im}^pro^v^e^m^e^nt^a^nd
^Preven^ti^on^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of}^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of 2005}
²⁰⁰⁵
^US^A^P^A^T^R^IOT^A^c^{t Re}^a^u^thor^iza^t^{ion a}^{nd Re}^la^te^{d M}^a^tte^r^s
^{der S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{224 of}^t^h^{e U}^S^A^PA^T^R^IO^T^S^{ec. 102(a)}^{. (a) R}^e^peal^s^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{224 of}^S^{ec. 9(a)}^{. (a) R}^e^peal^s^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{224(a) of}
^t^,^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2510 n}^o^t^e^{, t}^h^{e f}^o^l^l^o^wⁱⁿ^g^th^{e USA}^P^A^T^R^I^O^T^A^c^{t (}^e^x^cep^{t as n}^o^ted^th^{e USA}^P^A^T^R^I^O^T^A^c^{t (}^e^x^cep^{t as n}^o^ted
^s^of^th^{e A}^c^{t ex}^{pire on}^Decem^ber^b^e^lo^w^{all ex}^pⁱ^rⁱⁿ^g^sectioⁿ^s^m^a^d^e^b^e^lo^w^{all ex}^pⁱ^rⁱⁿ^g^sectioⁿ^s^m^a^d^e
^perm^an^en^t).^perm^an^en^t).
^{ec. 201 (w}ⁱ^r^et^appiⁿ^g^:^t^e^rrori^s^m
^f^eⁿ^s^es⁾
^{ec. 202 (w}ⁱ^r^et^appiⁿ^g^:^com^p^u^t^er
^f^eⁿ^s^es⁾
^{ec. 203(b)(w}ⁱ^r^et^appiⁿ^g^:^s^h^ariⁿ^g
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^r^e^igⁿⁱⁿ^{tell. in}^f^o^.)
^g/w^{ec. 203(d)(l}^aw^en^f^o^rcem^en^t^s^h^ariⁿ^g^S^{ec. 102(b}⁾^{. Pos}^t^pon^es^ex^pi^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^ec.^S^{ec. 9(a)}^.Pos^t^pon^es^ex^pi^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^ec.
^s^.or^r^e^igⁿⁱⁿ^tell.in^f^o^.)^{206 u}ⁿ^{til Decem}^{ber 31, 2009.}^{206 u}ⁿ^{til Decem}^{ber 31, 2009.}
^le^ak^{ec. 204 (EC}^P^A^f^o^rei^gⁿ^s^y^s^t^em^pen
ⁱ^s^t^{er/trap &}^{trace ex}^ception⁾
^://wiki^{ec. 206 (rov}ⁱⁿ^g^F^I^S^A^wⁱ^ret^a^ps⁾
^h^ttp^{ec. 207 (du}^r^atⁱ^oⁿ^of^F^I^S^A^orders⁾
^{ec. 209 (acces}^s^{to s}^t^{ored v}^o^{ice m}^a^il)
^{ec. 212 (em}^e^rg^en^cy^acces^s^{to e-}^m^a^il)
^{ec. 213 (del}^ay^{ed n}^o^tⁱ^{ce of}^sⁿ^eak^&
⁾
^{ec. 214 (F}^IS^A^pen^regⁱ^s^t^er/^t^r^{ap &}
^S^ec.102(b⁾^{. Pos}^t^pon^es^ex^pi^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^ec.^S^ec.9(a)^{. Pos}^t^pon^es^ex^pi^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^ec.
^{ec. 215 (F}^IS^A^acces^s^{to bu}^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^{215 u}ⁿ^{til Decem}^{ber 31, 2009.}^{215 u}ⁿ^{til Decem}^{ber 31, 2009.}
⁾
^{ec. 217 (com}^pu^t^e^{r t}^r^es^pas^s^e^r
^m^m^uni^c^a^tⁱ^o^ns)
^{ec. 218 (t}^h^e^w^a^l^l⁾
^{ec. 220 (n}^atⁱ^oⁿ^-^wⁱ^{de s}^e^rvⁱ^{ce of}^IS^P
⁾
^{ec. 223 (s}^an^ctⁱ^oⁿ^s⁾
^{ec. 225 (F}^IS^A^h^e^l^p^{er i}^m^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y⁾
^{6001 of}^th^{e In}^tellig^en^{ce R}^e^f^o^rm^Sec.103^{. Pos}^t^pon^es^ex^pi^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^ec.^Sec.9(b)^{. Pos}^t^pon^es^ex^pi^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^ec.
^d^T^e^r^r^o^r^ism^P^r^ev^en^tioⁿ^A^c^{t (}^I^R^T^P^A⁾^,^6601uⁿ^{til Decem}^{ber 31, 2009.}^6601uⁿ^{til Decem}^{ber 31, 2009.}

^en^d^s^th^{e FI}^SA^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^“^a^g^eⁿ^t^{s o}^f

^Pres^en^{t law}^H^{.R. 3199 (Con}^feren^{ce Rep}^o^rt)^H.R^.^{3199 (S}^en^{ate Pas}^s^e^d⁽^S^.¹³⁸⁹⁾⁾^C^o^mmeⁿ^t^s
^{USA PAT}^R^I^O^T^{and T}^erroris^m^{USA P}^A^TRIO^{T Im}^pro^v^e^m^e^nt^a^nd
^Preven^ti^on^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of}^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of 2005}
²⁰⁰⁵
^US^A^P^A^T^R^IOT^A^c^{t Re}^a^u^thor^iza^t^{ion a}^{nd Re}^la^te^{d M}^a^tte^r^s
^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er” to in}^clu^d^{e f}^o^reigⁿ
^tⁱ^o^na^l^s^p^r^e^p^a^rⁱ^{ng fo}^r^o^r^e^nga^gi^{ng i}ⁿ
^r^o^r^{ist activ}^{ities, 5}⁰^U.S.C.
⁾^{, an}^{d ex}^pires^on^Decem^ber
ⁱ^oⁿ^{6603 am}^en^ds^l^a^w^rel^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o¹⁸^Sec.104^{. Mak}^e^s^s^{ec. 6603 perm}^an^en^t^.^Sec.9(c)^{. Mak}^e^s^s^{ec. 6603 perm}^an^en^t^.
^S^.^C^.^{2339B (m}^at^eri^a^l^s^u^pport^of^t^e^rr.
^g^.⁾^to^clar^if^y^th^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^“^m^ater^ial
^pport^,^{” t}^h^{e k}ⁿ^o^w^l^edg^e^el^em^en^t^of^t^h^e
^{e, its}^ex^{territorial reach}^{, an}^{d to add}
^tain^cr^im^{es to}^p^r^{edicate of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e lis}^{t in}
^.^S^.^C^.^2339A^(m^at^eri^a^l^s^u^pport^of
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^r^o^r^{ist cr}^im^es)^an^d^to^th^{e list o}^f^f^e^d^e^r^a^l
^g/w^m^es^of^t^e^rrori^s^m^{(18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^s^.or⁾^(5)(B);^s^{ec. 6603 ex}^pi^res^on
^le^ak^{ber 31, 2006.}
ⁱ^oⁿ^{207 of}^t^h^{e U}^S^A^PA^T^R^IO^T^A^c^t^Sec.105^{. Ex}^ten^d^{s th}^{e ten}^u^r^{e o}^f^FI^SA^Sec.3^{. Co}^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^.
^://wiki^ten^d^{s th}^{e lif}^{e tim}^{e o}^f^FI^SA^su^r^v^eillan^c^e^su^r^v^eillan^{ce an}^d^sear^ch^o^r^d^e^r^s^to^any
^h^ttp^{d s}^earch^orders^an^{d ex}^ten^s^ion^s^relatin^g^ag^en^ts^of^{a f}^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er w}^h^{o are n}^o^t
^oⁿ^{U.S. pers}^on^s^w^h^{o are ag}^en^ts^of^{U.S. pers}^on^s^(e.g^{. lon}^e^w^o^lf^terroris^t^s⁾^,
^r^eⁱ^{gn p}^o^w^e^r^{s b}^y^vi^r^t^ue^o^f^t^h^eⁱ^r^{50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1805(e), 1824(d).}
^pl^oy^m^eⁿ^t^by^f^o^rei^gⁿ^pow^ers^{or t}^h^ei^r^Ex^ten^d^{s th}^{e lif}^{e tim}^{e o}^f^FI^SA^p^eⁿ
^m^b^er^sh^ipⁱⁿ^anⁱⁿ^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l ter}^r^o^r^ist^regⁱ^s^t^{er/trap &}^{trace orders}^an^d
^ou^{p, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1805(e), 1824(d).}^ex^t^eⁿ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^f^r^om^{90 day}^s^t^o^{1 y}^{ear w}^h^en
^t^h^{e i}ⁿ^f^o^rm^atⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^{be obt}^aiⁿ^e^{d does}ⁿ^o^t
ⁱⁿ^v^o^l^v^{e a U}^.^S^.^pers^on^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^1842(e)(2).
^orders^f^o^{r acces}^s^{to tan}^gⁱ^{ble item}^s^S^ec.106(a)^{. O}^r^ders^f^o^{r t}^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^Sec.7(c)^{. O}^r^ders^f^o^{r t}^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of
^v^eⁿ^o^ex^p^{licit ex}^cep^tioⁿ^f^o^r^lib^r^a^r^y^,^cert^aⁱⁿ^lⁱ^b^rary^{, book}^s^t^{ore, f}ⁱ^rearm^s^a^l^e^s^,^cert^aⁱⁿ^lⁱ^b^rary^{, book}^s^t^{ore, f}ⁱ^rearm^s^a^l^e^s^,
^s^t^{ore, or an}^y^ot^h^e^{r part}ⁱ^c^u^l^ar^tax^retu^rn^{, edu}^cation^a^{l or m}^e^{dical records}^{or m}^e^di^cal^records^m^u^s^t^{be approv}^{ed by}
^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^{record, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861.^m^u^s^t^{be approv}^{ed by}^t^h^{e F}^B^{I D}ⁱ^rect^{or or}^t^h^{e F}^B^{I D}ⁱ^rect^{or or D}^e^pu^t^y^Dⁱ^rect^{or, 50}
^Depu^ty^{Director or Ex}^ecu^tiv^{e A}^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^t^U^.^S^.^C^.^1861(a)((3).
^Di^rect^{or, 50 U.S}^.^C^.^1861(a)((3).
ⁱ^oⁿ^{215 of}^t^h^{e U}^S^A^PA^T^R^IO^T^A^c^t^S^ec.106(b⁾^{. Req}^u^ir^{es ap}^p^licatioⁿ^s⁽^A⁾^to^S^ec.7(a)^{. Req}^u^ir^{es ap}^p^licatioⁿ^s^to
^t^h^ori^zes^F^I^S^A^orders^f^o^{r t}^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^dem^oⁿ^s^{trate reas}^on^{able g}^r^ouⁿ^d^s^to^dem^oⁿ^s^{trate reas}^on^{able g}^r^ouⁿ^d^s^to
^tan^gⁱ^b^l^{e item}^s^f^o^rⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^s^to^b^e^lⁱ^e^ve^t^h^e^t^a^ngi^b^l^e^t^hⁱ^{ngs so}^ught^a^r^e^b^e^lⁱ^e^ve^t^h^eⁱⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n so}^ught^p^e^r^t^aⁱ^ns

^Pres^en^{t law}^H^{.R. 3199 (Con}^feren^{ce Rep}^o^rt)^H.R^.^{3199 (S}^en^{ate Pas}^s^e^d⁽^S^.¹³⁸⁹⁾⁾^C^o^mmeⁿ^t^s
^{USA PAT}^R^I^O^T^{and T}^erroris^m^{USA P}^A^TRIO^{T Im}^pro^v^e^m^e^nt^a^nd
^Preven^ti^on^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of}^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of 2005}
²⁰⁰⁵
^US^A^P^A^T^R^IOT^A^c^{t Re}^a^u^thor^iza^t^{ion a}^{nd Re}^la^te^{d M}^a^tte^r^s
^t^ain^f^o^r^e^igⁿⁱⁿ^tellig^en^{ce in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^r^e^lev^aⁿ^t^to^anⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^to^p^r^o^t^ect^to^{, o}^r^{is r}^e^lev^aⁿ^t^to^th^{e activ}^{ities o}^f^{, a}
^d^to^p^r^o^t^{ect ag}^ain^s^{t in}^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^l^ag^ain^s^{t in}^terⁿ^’^l^ter^r^o^r^ism^o^r^sp^yⁱⁿ^g^o^r^to^f^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er or ag}^en^{t of}^{a f}^o^reigⁿ
^s^m^an^{d es}^pi^on^ag^{e, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861.^o^b^t^ain^f^o^r^.ⁱⁿ^tell.in^f^o^{. n}^o^{t co}ⁿ^cerⁿⁱⁿ^g^a^pow^{er, or pert}^aiⁿ^s^t^o^anⁱⁿ^di^vⁱ^du^alⁱⁿ
^{U.S. p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^{; r}^e^lev^aⁿ^c^y^{is p}^r^esu^m^ed^if^con^t^{act w}^ith^{or k}ⁿ^o^wⁿ^{to a s}^u^s^p^ected
^th^ey^pertain^{to a f}^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er or ag}^en^t^ag^en^{t of}^{a f}^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er, 50 U.S.C}^.
^o^f^{a f}^o^r^e^igⁿ^p^o^w^er^{, o}^r^to^th^{e activ}^{ities o}^f^1861(b)(2).
^{a s}^u^s^p^{ected ag}^en^{t of}^{a f}^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er w}^h^o
^{is th}^{e tar}^g^{et o}^f^th^{e in}^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^,^o^r^to^an
ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al in}^coⁿ^t^{act w}^ith^o^r^kⁿ^o^wⁿ^to^a
^s^u^s^p^{ected ag}^en^{t of}^{a f}^o^reigⁿ^pow^{er w}^h^o
^{is th}^{e tar}^g^{et o}^f^th^{e in}^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^,^an^d⁽^B⁾
^{to in}^clu^d^{e an}^en^u^m^eration^of
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^zation^procedu^r^es^{, 50 U.S.C}^.^1861(b)(2)
^g/w
^s^.or^S^ec.106(c)^{. FISA}^acces^s^orders^{are is}^s^u^ed^Sec.7(a)(2)^{. Co}^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^b^u^t
^le^ak^as^requ^es^t^e^{d or m}^odi^fⁱ^{ed u}^pon^{a f}ⁱⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^th^{e ap}^p^licatioⁿ^co^m^p^{lies w}^ith^statu^t^o^r^y^w^ith^o^u^{t th}^{e r}^e^f^e^r^eⁿ^{ce to}^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^zatioⁿ^s^t^an^dards^,^{50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(c).
^://wiki^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts, an}^d^w^ith^dⁱ^r^ectioⁿ^s^to^ad^h^e^r^e^to^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^zatioⁿ^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts, 5}⁰
^h^ttp^U^.^S^.^C^.^1861(c).
^S^ec.106(d⁾^{. Orders}^m^u^s^t^con^t^ain^a^Sec.7(b)^{. Orders}^m^u^s^t^con^t^ain^a
^p^a^r^ticu^l^ar^ized^d^e^scrⁱ^p^tioⁿ^o^f^th^{e item}^s^p^a^r^ticu^l^ar^ized^d^e^scrⁱ^p^tioⁿ^o^f^th^{e item}^s
^so^ught^,^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^fo^r^a^r^e^a^s^oⁿ^a^b^l^e^tⁱ^m^e^t^o^so^ught^,^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^fo^r^a^r^e^a^s^oⁿ^a^b^l^e^tⁱ^m^e^t^o
^assem^b^{le th}^em^{, n}^o^tif^y^r^ecipⁱ^en^{ts o}^f^assem^b^{le th}^em^{, n}^o^tif^y^r^ecipⁱ^en^{ts o}^f
ⁿ^oⁿ^d^is^clos^u^r^{e requ}^irem^en^ts^{, an}^{d be}ⁿ^oⁿ^d^is^clos^u^r^{e requ}^irem^en^ts^{, an}^{d be}
^lim^ited^to^thⁱⁿ^g^s^su^b^j^{ect to}^{a g}^r^an^d^j^u^r^y^lim^ited^to^thⁱⁿ^g^s^su^b^j^{ect to}^{a g}^r^an^d^j^u^r^y
^s^u^bpoen^a^or^or^der^of^{a U}^.^{S. cour}^t^f^o^r^s^u^bpoen^a^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(c).
^pr^oductⁱ^oⁿ^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(c).
^pi^en^t^s^of^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{215 F}^I^S^A^orders^S^ec.106(e)^{. A}^l^so^p^e^r^m^{its d}ⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^to^Sec.7(d)^{. A}^l^so^p^e^r^m^{its d}ⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^to^th^e^S^{ec.4(a) (S}^{. 2271)}^{. R}^e^places^s^{ec. 106(d)}
^yⁿ^o^{t d}ⁱ^sclo^{se th}^eir^ex^isten^{ce o}^r^th^{e recipien}^t’^s^attorn^ey^{, an}^{d w}^ith^FB^I^recipien^t’^s^attorn^ey^{, an}^{d w}^ith^FB^I⁽²⁾^o^f^th^{e co}ⁿ^f^er^en^{ce b}^{ill w}^ith^{a p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ
^t^en^{t ex}^{cept as}ⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^f^o^r^approv^al^t^o^ot^h^e^rs^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1961(1);^approv^al^t^o^ot^h^e^rs^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(d).^th^{at requ}^ires^th^{e recipien}^{t, u}^pon^th^{e FB}^I’^s
^p^lⁱ^aⁿ^{ce, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(d).^r^ecipⁱ^en^{ts m}^a^y^b^e^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^toⁿ^o^tif^y^th^e^r^e^q^u^{est, to}ⁿ^o^tif^y^th^{e FB}^I^o^f^th^o^s^{e to}
^FB^I^o^f^th^o^s^{e to}^w^h^o^m^th^eyⁱⁿ^ten^d^w^h^om^di^s^c^l^o^s^u^{re h}^a^s^been^{or i}^s^t^o^be
^dⁱ^sclo^{se, b}^u^{t m}^a^yⁿ^o^{t b}^e^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^m^a^d^e^{, b}^u^{t r}^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^gⁿ^oⁿ^o^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f
^p^r^o^v^id^{e n}^o^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f^anⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^seek^dⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^o^r^an^ticip^ated^dⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^to^th^e
^l^e^g^a^l^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(d)(2).^reci^pi^en^t^’^s^at^t^o^rn^ey^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(d)

^Pres^en^{t law}^H^{.R. 3199 (Con}^feren^{ce Rep}^o^rt)^H.R^.^{3199 (S}^en^{ate Pas}^s^e^d⁽^S^.¹³⁸⁹⁾⁾^C^o^mmeⁿ^t^s
^{USA PAT}^R^I^O^T^{and T}^erroris^m^{USA P}^A^TRIO^{T Im}^pro^v^e^m^e^nt^a^nd
^Preven^ti^on^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of}^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of 2005}
²⁰⁰⁵
^US^A^P^A^T^R^IOT^A^c^{t Re}^a^u^thor^iza^t^{ion a}^{nd Re}^la^te^{d M}^a^tte^r^s
^(2).
^S^ec.106(f)^{. A}^u^th^orizes^recipien^ts^{to s}^eek^{Sec.7(e), (b)}^.A^u^t^h^o^rizes^recipien^ts^to^S^{ec.3 (S}^{. 2271)}^{. A}^dds^t^o^s^{ec. 106(f}⁾^of
^FI^SA^co^ur^{t r}^e^view^o^f^{a FI}^SA^tangib^l^e^s^eek^FISA^cou^r^{t rev}ⁱ^ew^of^{a FISA}^th^{e co}ⁿ^f^er^en^{ce b}^{ill au}^th^o^r^ity^f^o^r
ⁱ^t^e^m^order;^t^h^{e as}^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d j}^u^dg^{e m}^a^y^t^aⁿ^gⁱ^bl^{e i}^t^e^m^order;^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^orders^or^r^e^cⁱ^pⁱ^eⁿ^{ts to}^a^nnua^lly^p^e^titio^{n the}^FI^SA
^dⁱ^sm^{iss th}^{e p}^e^titioⁿ^{as f}^r^iv^o^l^o^u^{s, d}^eⁿ^y^th^e^g^a^g^orders^an^{d orders}^requⁱ^rⁱⁿ^g^cou^r^t^t^o^qu^as^h^{or m}^odi^f^y^t^h^{e g}^a^g^order^st
^p^e^titioⁿ^,^o^r^m^o^dⁱ^f^y^o^r^r^e^scin^d^th^{e o}^r^d^e^r^if^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^t^h^at^cou^l^{d be qu}^as^h^e^{d i}ⁿ^t^h^e^(af^t^{er th}^{e 1}^y^{ear of}^is^s^u^an^{ce); th}^{e cou}^r^t
^{it d}^o^e^{s n}^o^{t co}^m^p^ly^w^ith^th^{e statu}^t^{e o}^r^is^cas^{e of}^{a g}^r^an^{d j}^u^ry^s^u^bpoen^a^m^a^y^{do s}^o^if^th^{e j}^u^dg^{e f}ⁱⁿ^d^sⁿ^o^reas^on^to
^oth^e^rw^is^{e u}ⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l; FISA}^cou^r^{t decis}ⁱ^on^(uⁿ^r^eas^on^abl^e^{, oppres}^sⁱ^v^e^{, or pri}^vⁱ^l^e^g^e^d)^b^e^lⁱ^e^ve^dⁱ^sc^l^o^sur^e^m^a^y^eⁿ^d^a^nge^r^na^tⁱ^o^na^l
^is^s^u^bj^{ect to R}^e^vⁱ^ew^C^o^u^r^{t rev}ⁱ^ew^an^d^m^a^y^{be m}^odifⁱ^{ed or s}^e^{t as}^{ide; FISA}^cou^r^t^secu^r^ity^{, in}^ter^f^er^{e w}^ith^anⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ
^{S.Ct. r}^e^vⁱ^ew^{; au}^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e Ch}^ief^J^u^stice^decisⁱ^on^is^s^u^bj^{ect to R}^e^vⁱ^ew^C^o^u^r^t^{or di}^pl^om^atⁱ^c^rel^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{or en}^dan^g^e^{r an}
ⁱⁿ^coⁿ^s^u^ltatioⁿ^w^ith^th^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^l^revⁱ^ew^an^{d S.C}^t^{. rev}ⁱ^ew^{; A}^u^th^orizes^th^eⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al; Do}^J^cer^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f^su^ch
^an^d^Dir^ecto^r^o^f^Natioⁿ^a^{l I}ⁿ^tellig^en^{ce to}^Ch^ief^J^u^{stice in}^coⁿ^s^u^ltatioⁿ^w^ith^th^e^ad^v^e^r^s^{e im}^p^{act is co}ⁿ^c^lu^siv^eⁱⁿ^th^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^estab^lish^secu^r^ity^r^u^{les., 5}⁰^U.S.C.^A^ttorn^ey^Gen^e^{ral an}^{d Director of}^abs^eⁿ^{ce of}^{bad f}^aⁱ^t^h^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(f⁾^.
^g/w^{1803(e), 1861(f}⁾^.^Natioⁿ^a^{l I}ⁿ^tellig^en^{ce to}^estab^lish^secu^r^ity
^s^.or^ru^l^e^s^,^{50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(f⁾^{, (b)(2)(D}^).
^le^ak^S^ec.106(g)^{. Directs}^th^{e A}^ttorn^ey^Gen^e^ral^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
^t^o^p^r^o^m^ul^ga^t^e^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n st}^aⁿ^d^a^r^d^{s fo}^r
^://wiki^th^{e co}^llectioⁿ^an^d^dⁱ^ssemⁱⁿ^a^tioⁿ^o^f
^h^ttpⁱⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}^b^t^aⁱ^ne^d^t^h^r^o^{ugh t}^h^e^use^o^f
^F^I^S^A^t^aⁿ^gⁱ^bl^{e i}^t^e^m^orders^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^1861(g⁾^.
^R^e^qu^ires^obs^erv^aⁿ^{ce of}^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^zation^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
^requ^irem^en^ts^{; declares}^th^{at in}^f^o^rm^ation
^d^o^e^{s n}^o^{t lo}^{se its p}^r^iv^ileg^e^d^statu^s^sim^p^ly
^becau^s^e^{it w}^a^s^acquⁱ^{red th}^ru^u^s^{e of}^a
^tan^gⁱ^b^l^{e item}^o^r^d^e^r^;^lim^{its u}^s^{e to}^law
^pu^rpos^es^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1861(h⁾^.
ⁱ^oⁿ^{215 requ}ⁱ^r^es^t^h^{e A}^t^t^o^rn^ey^S^ec.106(h⁾^{. A}^m^en^d^s^th^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^to^Sec.7(f)^{. A}^m^en^d^s^th^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^to^r^e^q^u^ir^e
^e^r^a^{l to}^f^u^llyⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e an}^d^r^e^q^uⁱ^r^e^a^nnua^l^r^e^p^o^r^tⁱ^{ng i}ⁿ^b^o^t^h^a^nnua^l^r^e^p^o^r^tⁱ^{ng i}ⁿ^b^o^t^{h i}ⁿ^st^aⁿ^c^e^s^;^a^d^d^s
^a^{te I}ⁿ^tellig^en^{ce Co}^m^m^{ittees o}^f^allⁱⁿ^s^t^an^ces^{; adds}^th^{e Sen}^a^{te J}^u^diciary^th^{e J}^u^dⁱ^ciar^y^Co^m^m^{ittees to}^th^{e list o}^f
^u^{ests u}ⁿ^d^er^th^{e sectio}ⁿ^’^{s au}^th^o^r^ity^Co^m^m^{ittee to}^th^{e r}^ecipⁱ^en^{ts o}^f^f^u^ll^r^ecipⁱ^en^{ts o}^f^f^u^{ll r}^e^p^o^r^{ts; r}^e^q^u^ir^es
^{ice a y}^{ear, an}^{d to prov}^{ide th}^{e J}^u^diciary^r^e^p^o^r^{ts; r}^e^q^u^ir^{es in}^clu^s^ioⁿ^o^f^statisticalⁱⁿ^clu^s^ioⁿ^o^f^{statistical in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ
^m^m^{ittees w}^ith^{statistical r}^e^p^o^r^{ts o}ⁿⁱⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n c}^o^nc^e^rⁿⁱ^{ng o}^r^d^e^r^s^fo^r^t^h^e^con^cernⁱⁿ^g^orders^f^o^{r t}^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of
^’^s^u^s^{e tw}^{ice a y}^{ear, 50 U.S.C}^.^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^cert^aⁱⁿ^lⁱ^b^rary^{, book}^s^t^ore,^cert^aⁱⁿ^lⁱ^b^rary^{, book}^s^t^{ore, f}ⁱ^rearm^s^a^l^e^s^,
^fⁱ^rearm^s^a^les^,^m^e^{dical, tax}^,^an^d^m^e^{dical, an}^{d tax}^records^w^ith^th^e
^educatⁱ^onal^records^{to th}^{e J}^u^diciary^an^d^{statistical r}^e^p^o^r^{t to}^Coⁿ^g^r^{ess an}^d^th^e

^S^.^C^.^1805.

^Pres^en^{t law}^H^{.R. 3199 (Con}^feren^{ce Rep}^o^rt)^H.R^.^{3199 (S}^en^{ate Pas}^s^e^d⁽^S^.¹³⁸⁹⁾⁾^C^o^mmeⁿ^t^s
^{USA PAT}^R^I^O^T^{and T}^erroris^m^{USA P}^A^TRIO^{T Im}^pro^v^e^m^e^nt^a^nd
^Preven^ti^on^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of}^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of 2005}
²⁰⁰⁵
^US^A^P^A^T^R^IOT^A^c^{t Re}^a^u^thor^iza^t^{ion a}^{nd Re}^la^te^{d M}^a^tte^r^s
^S^{ec. 108(b}⁾^{. Req}^u^ir^{es in}ⁿ^o^{case later}^Sec.2(b)^{. Req}^u^ir^{es w}^ithⁱⁿ¹⁰^d^a^y^s
^t^h^an^{10 day}^s⁽^wⁱ^t^h^{a good caus}^{e s}^howⁱⁿ^g^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l n}^o^{tice, j}^u^stif^yⁱⁿ^g^an^d
^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^{60 days}⁾^{, n}^o^{tice, j}^u^stif^yⁱⁿ^g^an^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n i}ⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n b}^e^gi^ve^{n t}^o^t^h^e
^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n i}ⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n b}^e^gi^ve^{n t}^h^e^is^s^uⁱⁿ^g^FISA^cou^r^{t w}^h^en^th^{e ex}^ecu^tion^of
ⁱ^ssui^{ng FI}^SA^c^o^ur^tⁱⁿ^cl^udi^{ng t}^h^{e num}^ber^{a FI}^SA^su^r^v^eillan^{ce o}^r^d^e^r^b^eco^m^e^s
^of^s^u^r^vei^l^l^ances^conduct^e^{d or}^pl^anned^r^o^vi^ng.
^w^h^en^th^{e ex}^ecu^tion^of^{a FISA}
^su^r^v^eillan^{ce o}^r^d^e^r^b^eco^m^e^{s r}^o^vⁱⁿ^g^.
^S^ec.108(c)^{. Nam}^e^s^th^{e Sen}^a^{te J}^u^diciary^Sec.2(c)^{. Nam}^e^s^J^u^diciary^C^o^m^m^ittees^as
^C^o^m^m^{ittee as}^{a recipien}^{t of}^FISA^reports^reci^pi^en^t^s^of^F^I^S^A^report^s^ex^pan^d^{ed t}^o
^ex^pan^d^{ed to in}^clu^d^{e in}^f^o^rm^ation^onⁱⁿ^c^l^ud^eⁱⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}ⁿ^r^o^vi^ng
^r^o^vⁱⁿ^g^su^r^v^eillan^ce.^su^r^v^eillan^ce.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^SA^r^e^q^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^S^ec.109(a)^{. Req}^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Sec.10(b)(2)^{. Req}^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey
^g/w^k^e^f^u^{ll reports}^con^cernⁱⁿ^g^FISA^s^earch^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^m^a^k^e^f^u^{ll r}^e^p^o^r^{ts to}^th^{e Sen}^a^te^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^m^a^k^e^f^u^{ll r}^e^p^o^r^{ts to}^th^{e Ho}^u^s^e
^s^.or^th^o^r^ity^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e an}^d^Sen^a^te^J^u^diciary^C^o^m^m^{ittee as}^w^e^{ll an}^{d to}^an^{d Sen}^a^{te J}^u^diciary^C^o^m^m^ittees^as^w^e^ll
^le^ak^en^{ce co}^m^m^{ittees an}^d^statistical^tran^s^m^{it to th}^{e Hou}^s^{e J}^u^diciary^an^d^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e statistical in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ
^{to th}^{e Hou}^s^{e an}^{d Sen}^a^{te J}^u^diciary^Co^m^m^{ittee th}^{e statistical in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^r^e^l^a^tⁱ^{ng t}^o^t^h^e^use^FI^SA^e^m^e^r^ge^nc^y
^://wiki^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1826.^r^e^l^a^tⁱ^{ng t}^o^t^h^e^use^FI^SA^e^m^e^r^ge^nc^y^s^earch^au^t^h^ori^t^y^{, propos}^{ed 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^h^ttp^s^earch^au^t^h^ori^t^y^{, propos}^{ed 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1826.
^1826.
^S^ec.109(c)^{. Directs}^th^{e Departm}^eⁿ^t^of^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
^Ho^m^e^lan^d^Secu^r^ity^to^r^e^p^o^r^{t tw}^{ice a y}^ear
^{to th}^{e J}^u^diciary^C^o^m^m^ittees^on^th^e
ⁱⁿ^terⁿ^{al af}^f^a^ir^{s o}^p^e^r^a^tioⁿ^s^o^f^th^e
^Citizen^sh^ip^an^d^I^m^mⁱ^g^r^atioⁿ^Ser^v^ices.
^SA^{is silen}^t^{as to}^th^{e r}^u^{le m}^a^kⁱⁿ^g^S^ec.109(d⁾^{. A}^u^th^orizes^th^{e FISA}^cou^r^ts^S^ec.10(a)^{. Co}^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^th^o^r^ity^o^f^th^{e FI}^SA^co^u^r^{ts, 5}⁰^U.S.C.^to^estab^lish^r^u^{les an}^d^p^r^o^ced^u^r^{es f}^o^r
^s^e^q.^ad^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ^o^f^th^{e A}^c^{t, an}^d^to
^tr^an^sm^{it th}^emⁱⁿ^uⁿ^c^lassifⁱ^ed^f^o^r^m
^(pos^sⁱ^bly^w^ith^{a clas}^sⁱ^fⁱ^{ed an}ⁿ^e^x⁾^{to th}^e
^j^u^dg^es^of^th^{e FISA}^cou^r^ts^{, th}^{e C}^h^ief
^J^u^s^{tice an}^{d th}^{e Hou}^s^{e an}^{d Sen}^a^te
^J^u^dⁱ^ciar^y^an^d^Iⁿ^tellig^en^{ce Co}^m^m^ittees,
^propos^{ed 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1803(f⁾^.
^{e f}^e^{deral s}^t^atu^t^{e ou}^tlaw^s^train^Sec.110^{. Merg}^es^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^s^{1992 an}^{d 1993}^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^p^e^r^v^ised^law^en^f^o^r^cem^en^{t in}^ter^cep^tioⁿ^th^{e w}ⁱ^retappin^g^{predicate of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e lis}^{t: 18}
^wⁱ^{re, oral or electron}ⁱ^c^U.S.C^.^37(vⁱ^olen^{ce at in}^tern^ation^a^l
^m^m^uⁿⁱ^catioⁿ^s⁽^w^ir^etap^pⁱⁿ^g⁾ⁱⁿ^th^e^ai^rport^s^{), 81 (ars}^on^{), 175b (bi}^o^l^o^gⁱ^cal
^e^stig^atioⁿ^o^f^cer^tain^cr^im^{es (}^p^r^e^dⁱ^cate^ag^en^t^s^{), 832 (n}^u^c^l^{ear an}^{d w}^eapon^s^of
^f^eⁿ^s^es^{), 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2516(1).^m^a^{ss d}^e^str^u^c^tio^{n thr}^e^a^t^s)^,⁹³⁰
^(pos^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^w^eapon^sⁱⁿ^f^e^deral
^f^acilities⁾^{, 956}^(con^s^p^iracy^{to com}^mⁱ^t
^vⁱ^ol^en^{ce ov}^ers^eas^{), 1028A}^(ag^g^r^av^at^ed

^S^.^C^.^3103a.^th^r^u^th^{e A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tiv^{e Of}^fⁱ^{ce o}^f^U.S.
^Co^u^r^{ts o}ⁿ^u^s^{e o}^f^th^{e au}^th^o^r^ity^{, 1}⁸^U.S.C.
^3103a.

^Pres^en^{t law}^H^{.R. 3199 (Con}^feren^{ce Rep}^o^rt)^H.R^.^{3199 (S}^en^{ate Pas}^s^e^d⁽^S^.¹³⁸⁹⁾⁾^C^o^mmeⁿ^t^s
^{USA PAT}^R^I^O^T^{and T}^erroris^m^{USA P}^A^TRIO^{T Im}^pro^v^e^m^e^nt^a^nd
^Preven^ti^on^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of}^R^e^au^th^ori^z^ati^oⁿ^A^c^{t of 2005}
²⁰⁰⁵
^US^A^P^A^T^R^IOT^A^c^{t Re}^a^u^thor^iza^t^{ion a}^{nd Re}^la^te^{d M}^a^tte^r^s
^{dicial rev}ⁱ^ew^an^{d en}^f^o^rcem^en^{t of}^Sec.115^{. A}^u^th^orizes^j^u^{dicial en}^f^o^rcem^en^t^S^{ec.8(a), (c)}^{. A}^m^en^ds^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2709 t}^o
ⁿ^a^{l Secu}^r^ity^L^e^tter^s⁽^N^SL⁾^:^of^N^S^L^s^;^t^h^{e cou}^r^t^m^a^y^qu^as^h^{or m}^odi^f^y^perm^{it j}^u^{dicial en}^f^o^rcem^en^{t in}^U.S.
^.^S.C^.²⁷⁰⁹⁽^b)^{: No com}^p^arable^{a requ}^es^{t if}^com^p^lian^{ce w}^o^u^l^{d be}^dis^t^{rict cou}^r^{t of}^orders^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{at s}^ection^;
ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^uⁿ^r^eas^on^abl^e^{, oppres}^sⁱ^v^e^{or ot}^h^e^rwⁱ^s^e^th^{e cou}^r^{t m}^a^y^qu^as^h^{or m}^odif^y^{a requ}^es^t
^.^S.C^.^1681v^{: No com}^p^arable^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^,^{28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3511(a).^if^com^p^lian^{ce w}^o^u^l^{d be u}ⁿ^r^eas^on^{able or}
ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^oppres^sⁱ^v^e^{or v}ⁱ^{olate an}^y^con^s^titu^tion^a^l
^.^S.C^.^1681u^{: FB}^{I m}^a^y^s^eek^{or ot}^h^e^{r l}^e^g^a^l^ri^g^h^t^{or pri}^vⁱ^l^e^g^e^{, 18}
^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh a}ⁿ^e^x^p^a^r^t^e^c^o^ur^t^U^.^S^.^C^.^2709((a)(2).
^.^S.C^.³⁴¹⁴⁽^a)⁽⁵⁾^{: No com}^p^arable^Sec.115^{. Recip}ⁱ^en^{ts m}^a^y^p^e^titioⁿ^to^h^a^v^eⁿ^oⁿ^dⁱ^s^cl^os^u^r^{e orders}^lⁱ^f^t^e^{d or m}^odi^fⁱ^ed^Sec.8(b)^{. Recip}ⁱ^en^{ts m}^a^y^p^e^titioⁿ^to^h^a^v^eⁿ^oⁿ^dⁱ^s^cl^os^u^r^{e orders}^lⁱ^f^t^e^{d or m}^odi^fⁱ^{ed at}
ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^oⁿ^{ce a y}^ear^an^d^p^e^titioⁿ^s^m^a^y^b^e^g^r^an^ted^an^y^tim^{e an}^d^p^e^titioⁿ^s^m^a^y^b^e^g^r^an^ted
^.^S.C^.⁴³⁶^{:No com}^p^arable^u^pon^{a f}ⁱⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^th^{ere is}ⁿ^o^reas^on^to^u^pon^{a f}ⁱⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^th^{ere is}ⁿ^o^reas^on^to
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^.^b^e^lⁱ^e^ve^dⁱ^sc^l^o^sur^e^m^a^y^eⁿ^d^a^nge^r^na^tⁱ^o^na^l^b^e^lⁱ^e^ve^dⁱ^sc^l^o^sur^e^m^a^y^eⁿ^d^a^nge^r^na^tⁱ^o^na^l
^g/w^secu^r^ity^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^ter^f^er^{e w}^ith^an^secu^r^ity^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^ter^f^er^{e w}^ith^an
^s^.orⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^o^r^dⁱ^p^l^o^m^{atic r}^e^latioⁿ^s^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^o^r^dⁱ^p^l^o^m^{atic r}^e^latioⁿ^s^{, o}^r
^le^ak^en^dan^g^e^{r a l}ⁱ^f^{e. G}^{ood f}^aⁱ^t^h^certⁱ^fⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^u^ch^dan^g^e^{r by}^s^eⁿⁱ^{or ag}^en^cy^of^fⁱ^cials^en^dan^g^e^{r a l}ⁱ^f^{e. G}^{ood f}^aⁱ^t^h^g^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^al^cer^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^fⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^l
^://wikiⁱ^s^con^c^l^u^sⁱ^v^e^{, 28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3511(b).^secu^r^ity^o^rⁱⁿ^ter^f^er^en^{ce w}^ith^dⁱ^p^l^o^m^atic^r^e^latioⁿ^s^{is co}ⁿ^c^lu^siv^e^{, 1}⁸^U.S.C.
^h^ttp^2709(c)(4).
^Sec.115^Dⁱ^s^obedi^en^{ce of}^t^h^{e U}^.^S^.^di^s^t^ri^ct^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
^cou^r^t^’^s^{order t}^o^res^pon^{d t}^o^N^S^Lⁱ^s
^puⁿⁱ^s^h^{able as}^con^t^em^{pt, 28 U.S.C}^.
^3511(c).
^Sec.115^{. P}^r^oceedin^g^s^{are clos}^{ed (ex}^cept^{Sec. (d)}^.^Cl^a^ssi^fi^e^d^Iⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^oⁿ
^con^t^em^{pt proceedin}^g^s^{) an}^{d g}^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^Procedu^r^{e A}^c^t^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^appl^y^,¹⁸
^m^a^y^requ^es^{t th}^{at its}^ev^iden^{ce be}^U^.^S^.^C^.^{2709((b),(c).}
^con^s^{idered ex}^{parte an}^{d in}^cam^{era, 28}
^U^.^S^.^C^.^3511(d),(e).
ⁿ^dⁱ^s^cl^os^u^r^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^:^Sec.116^{. A}^m^en^ds^th^{e NSL}^s^t^atu^t^es^to^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^S^ec.4(b^{)-(e) (S}^{. 2271)}^{. A}^m^en^ds^th^e
^.^S.C^.²⁷⁰⁹^{: g}^eⁿ^e^r^a^{l p}^r^o^h^ib^itioⁿ^provⁱ^d^{e f}^o^{r n}^oⁿ^dⁱ^s^cl^os^u^r^{e orders}^w^h^en^co^nf^er^{ence b}^{ill to}^a^d^d^{language to}^each
^ain^s^{t d}ⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^{; n}^o^ex^p^{licit ex}^cep^tioⁿ^s^,^th^{e in}^v^e^stig^ativ^{e ag}^en^cy^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{es th}^at^Sec.8^{. A}^m^en^ds^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2709 t}^o^permⁱ^t^NSL^statu^t^{e r}^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^g^r^ecipⁱ^en^{ts to}ⁿ^o^tif^y
ⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^,^o^r^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^f^o^r^th^{e dis}^c^los^u^{re m}^a^y^en^dan^g^e^{r an}^y^dⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^to^{: th}^o^s^{e n}^ecessar^y^f^o^r^th^{e au}^th^o^r^ity^issuⁱⁿ^g^th^{e letter}^an^d
^mⁱⁿ^atioⁿⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al o}^rⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^{l secu}^r^ity^{, o}^r^com^p^lian^{ce; an}^attorn^ey^f^o^{r leg}^a^{l adv}ⁱ^ce.^id^en^tif^y^th^{e in}^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als to}^w^h^o^m^th^ey
^.^S.C^.^1681v:^g^eⁿ^e^r^a^{l p}^r^o^h^ib^itioⁿⁱⁿ^ter^f^er^{e w}^ith^dⁱ^p^l^o^m^{atic r}^e^latioⁿ^s^o^r^a^h^a^v^e^dⁱ^sclo^sed^o^r^w^{ill d}ⁱ^sclo^{se th}^e
^ain^s^{t d}ⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^{; n}^o^ex^p^{licit ex}^cep^tioⁿ^s^,^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al o}^rⁱⁿ^tellig^en^{ce in}^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^.^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^r^e^q^u^{est, b}^u^{t ex}^p^r^essly^p^r^o^v^idⁱⁿ^g^th^{at th}^ey

^{e I}ⁿ^tellig^en^{ce an}^d^J^u^dⁱ^ciar^y^als^o^{be prov}^{ided to th}^{e J}^u^diciary
^m^m^ittees^ev^ery^sⁱ^x^m^oⁿ^t^h^s^Co^m^m^ittees.
^.^S^.^C^.^1681v^:^N^{o com}^p^arabl^e^R^e^quⁱ^r^es^det^aⁱ^l^e^{d report}^s^on^u^s^{e of}^t^h^e
ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^au^th^o^r^ity^to^th^{e J}^u^dⁱ^ciar^y^Co^m^m^ittees
^.^S.C^.^1681u(^h)^{: Req}^u^ir^{es FB}^I^an^d^cer^tain^o^t^h^e^r^j^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^a^l
^o^r^{ts to}^th^{e I}ⁿ^tellig^en^{ce an}^d^b^aⁿ^kⁱⁿ^g^com^m^ittees^.
^m^m^ittees^ev^ery^sⁱ^x^m^oⁿ^t^h^s
^.^S.C^.³⁴¹⁴⁽^a)⁽⁵^{): No com}^p^arable

^pport^f^o^{r t}^e^rrori^s^t^s^{or des}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^t^e^d^o^f^{a f}^o^r^e^igⁿ^ter^r^o^r^{ist o}^r^g^aⁿⁱ^zatioⁿ^o^r^o^f^a
^s^t^org^aⁿⁱ^zatⁱ^oⁿ^s^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2339A^,^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^p^l^anⁿⁱⁿ^g^o^r^co^m^m^ittin^g^{a ter}^r^o^r^ist
^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e (pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^byⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^{less th}^an^tw^{ice th}^{e ter}^m^o^t^h^e^r^w^ise
^au^th^{orized n}^o^{r m}^o^{re th}^an^lif^{e), 21 U.S.C}^.
^960A^.

ⁱ^s^t^{er au}^th^ority^{to in}^clu^d^{e electron}ⁱ^c^provⁱ^d^ers^t^o^s^u^ppl^y^av^ai^l^a^bl^{e cu}^s^t^om^er
^m^uⁿⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^s^{, 50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1842, 1843.}ⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^r^e^latin^g^to^co^m^m^uⁿⁱ^catioⁿ^s
^S^A^requⁱ^r^es^f^u^l^l^report^s^on^u^s^{e of}^F^I^S^A^s^u^bj^ect^t^o^F^I^S^A^pen^regⁱ^s^t^{er orders}^{, 50}
^regⁱ^s^t^{er au}^th^ority^{to con}^g^r^es^sⁱ^on^al^U^.^S^.^C^.^1842(d)(2)(C⁾^.
^en^{ce co}^m^m^{ittees tw}^{ice a y}^ear^{, 5}⁰
^S^.^C^.^1846(a).^Req^u^ir^{es f}^u^{ll r}^e^p^o^r^{ts to}^coⁿ^g^r^essioⁿ^al
^j^u^diciary^com^m^ittees^tw^{ice a y}^{ear as}
^w^e^l^l^,^{50 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1846(a).

^esⁱⁿ^{1988, 21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^848;ⁱⁿ^{1994 i}^t^tran^s^f^ers^th^{e prov}^is^ion^s^f^o^{r cou}ⁿ^s^{el f}^o^r
^t^a^b^lⁱ^s^he^d^ge^ne^r^a^l^p^r^o^c^e^d^ur^e^s^fo^r^fe^d^e^r^a^lⁱⁿ^dⁱ^g^eⁿ^t^d^eath^r^o^w^h^a^b^{eas p}^e^titioⁿ^e^r^s^to
^{ital cases w}^h^ich^dⁱ^f^f^e^r^slig^h^tly^f^r^o^m^{title 18, 18}^U.S.C^.^3599.
^g^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3591-
^s^u^bs^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{848(q) prov}ⁱ^d^es
^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce of}^couⁿ^s^{el f}^o^{r in}^dig^eⁿ^t^death
^w^h^a^b^{eas p}^e^titioⁿ^e^r^s^.

^h^ttp^t^ru^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^propert^y^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^U^.^S^.^t^o^des^t^roy^{or dam}^a^g^e^s^hⁱ^p^s^{or i}ⁿ^t^e^rf^ere
^{ecial m}^a^ritim^{e j}^u^ris^d^iction^,^1363.^w^ith^m^a^r^itim^{e co}^m^m^e^r^{ce; v}ⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^s^ar^e
^p^uⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^an^y^ter^m
^of^y^ears^{or l}ⁱ^f^{e an}^d/^{or a f}ⁱⁿ^e^ofⁿ^o^t^m^o^re
^t^h^an^{$250,000, propos}^{ed 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^2282A^.
^C^r^eates^{a s}^econ^d^crimⁱⁿ^{al prov}^is^ion
^ou^tlawⁱⁿ^g^vⁱ^olen^{ce ag}^ain^s^{t aids}^to
^m^a^r^itim^{e n}^a^vⁱ^g^a^tioⁿ^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^ed^b^y^th^e
^C^o^as^{t Gu}^{ard an}^{d St. L}^a^w^r^en^{ce Seaw}^ay
^D^e^v^e^l^opm^en^t^C^o^{rp. propos}^{ed 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^2282B.

^{ic w}^eapon^s^,ⁿ^u^c^{lear m}^a^{terial, each}^biolog^{ical, ch}^em^ical^{, or radi}^oactⁱ^v^{e or}
ⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^an^y^ter^mⁿ^u^c^{lear m}^a^{terial aboard a v}^e^s^s^e^l
^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{175, 229,}^b^e^lievⁱⁿ^g^th^ey^w^{ill b}^e^u^s^ed^to^co^m^m^{it a}
^.^{2272; aidin}^g^{or abettin}^g^f^e^deral^cri^m^{e of}^t^e^rrori^s^m⁾^an^{d 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^{a f}^e^{deral crim}^{e of}^{2284 (t}^ran^s^portⁱⁿ^g^{a t}^e^rrori^s^t^{aboard a}
^r^o^r^ism^w^h^ich^car^rⁱ^{es th}^{e sam}^e^v^e^{ssel b}^e^lievⁱⁿ^g^th^{e ter}^r^o^rⁱ^{st in}^ten^d^{s to}
^shm^e^nt^a^s^t^h^e^und^e^r^l^yⁱ^{ng o}^ffe^nse^,¹⁸^co^m^m^{it o}^r^{is f}^l^eein^g^f^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^th^e
^S^.^C^.^2;^an^{d h}^a^rboriⁿ^g^{a t}^e^rrori^s^t^{, 18}^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^{a f}^e^{deral crim}^{e of}
^S^.^C^.^{2339 (pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^by^terroris^m⁾^{; both}^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^{are pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^able
^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an¹⁰^byⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^or
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}⁾^.^f^o^r^lif^{e; th}^{e d}^eath^p^eⁿ^a^lty^m^a^y^b^e
^g/wⁱ^m^pos^{ed f}^o^{r a v}ⁱ^ol^atⁱ^oⁿ^of^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^s^.or^{2283 i}^f^deat^h^res^u^l^t^s^.
^le^ak
^://wiki
^h^ttp

ⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^y^ears^if^th^{e v}^a^lu^{e of}^th^{e s}^t^olen^property^is
^{10 y}^ears⁽ⁿ^{ot m}^o^{re 1 y}^{ear if}^th^e^{$1000 or l}^e^s^s^;^m^a^k^e^s^cl^{ear t}^h^at^t^h^ef^t^f^r^om
^l^u^{e of}^t^h^{e s}^t^ol^en^propert^yⁱ^s^{$1000 or}^trailers^{, carg}^o^con^t^ain^e^rs^{, f}^r^eig^h^t^s^t^ation^s^,
^s⁾^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^659.^an^{d w}^a^reh^o^u^s^es^{are cov}^e^{red; m}^a^k^e^s^clear
^th^{at th}^{e th}^ef^{t of}^g^oods^aw^aitin^g
^tr^an^ssh^ip^m^eⁿ^t^{is also}^co^v^e^r^e^d^.

^h^ttp^{1 y}^{ear, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2199.ⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an⁵^y^ear^{s; o}^r^toⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e
^th^an²⁰^y^ear^{s if}^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e is co}^m^m^itted
^w^ith^th^{e in}^ten^t^toⁱⁿ^f^{lict ser}ⁱ^o^u^{s in}^j^u^r^y
^u^pon^an^ot^h^e^{r or i}^f^s^e^ri^ou^sⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^t^o
^an^o^t^h^e^r^r^e^su^{lts; o}^r^if^d^eath^r^e^su^{lts, to}
ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^r
^lⁱ^f^{e, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2199.

^o^rs^{, or crew}^of^{a v}^e^s^s^e^lⁱ^s^p^uⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e
^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an⁵^y^ear^s,^t^h^an^{10 y}^ears^,^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^554.
^.^S^.^C^.^{546. T}^h^{e s}^a^m^e^pen^a^l^t^y^applⁱ^e^s
^{r s}^m^u^g^g^lⁱⁿ^g^g^oodsⁱⁿ^t^o^t^h^{e U}^.^S^.
ⁿ^e^ral^l^y^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{545, al}^t^h^ou^g^h
ⁱ^oⁿ^{312 abov}^{e w}^o^u^l^{d i}ⁿ^creas^{e t}^h^e
^xⁱ^mu^{m t}^oⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^meⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^t^mo^r^e
²⁰^y^ear^{s. Oth}^e^r^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l p}^eⁿ^a^lties
^p^l^y^fo^r^sm^ugglⁱ^{ng o}^r^unl^a^w^ful^l^y
^portⁱⁿ^g^v^a^ri^ou^s^s^p^eci^fⁱ^{c g}^oods^or
^terⁱ^{als o}^u^{t o}^f^th^{e Un}^ited^{States o}^rⁱⁿ^to
^e^{r cou}ⁿ^t^ries^{, e.g}^{., bu}^lk^cas^h
^u^g^g^lⁱⁿ^g^,^{21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{953 (con}^t^r^ol^l^e^d
^bs^t^aⁿ^ces^{), 553 (s}^t^o^l^eⁿ^m^o^t^o^{r v}^e^hⁱ^cl^es^).

^g/w^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²^C^u^s^t^om^s^S^e^rvⁱ^{ce f}^r^omⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^s^.or^,^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^549.ⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²^y^ear^{s to}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t
^le^ak^f^o^{r n}^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an^{10 y}^ears^.
^://wiki
^h^ttp

ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^eⁿ^t^e^r^p^rⁱ^se^t^h^r^o^{ugh t}^h^e^t^e^rn^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^an^y^of^{a s}^e^ri^es^of^coⁿ^s^eq^u^eⁿ^tly^to^th^{e m}^oⁿ^e^y^lauⁿ^d^erⁱⁿ^g^{predicate of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e lis}^t.
^g/w^cat^{e of}^f^eⁿ^s^es^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1961-¹⁹⁶⁵
^s^.or^IC^O).
^le^ak^e^r^a^{l law}^also^p^r^o^s^cr^ib^{es lau}ⁿ^d^erⁱⁿ^g
^://wiki^of^an^y^of^{a s}^e^ries^of^cat^{e of}^f^eⁿ^s^es^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1956, 1957.}^A^m^eⁿ^d^s^t^h^e^m^o^ne^y^l^a^und^e^rⁱ^{ng st}^a^t^ut^e^t^o^prov^{ide a clear s}^t^atem^en^{t of}^th^{e relativ}^e
^h^ttpⁿ^f^is^cation^is^{a con}^s^equ^eⁿ^{ce of}^{a R}^I^C^Oⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^ativ^{e j}^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^o^f^v^a^rⁱ^o^u^s
^m^o^ne^y^l^a^und^e^rⁱ^{ng vi}^o^l^a^tⁱ^o^n,¹⁸^U^.^S.^C.^f^e^deral^ag^en^ci^es^{, 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1956(e),
^h^{e proceeds}^f^r^om^s^u^ch^1957(e).
^f^is^cation^{are av}^{ailable to}
ⁱ^oⁿ^a^t^e^l^y^t^o^t^h^{e arres}^tⁱⁿ^g^an^d
^ecu^tⁱⁿ^g^ag^en^ci^es^{, 28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^524(c).

^on^{, f}^e^deral^l^a^w^permⁱ^t^s^t^h^{e f}^e^deral^res^t^rainⁱⁿ^g^orders^an^{d f}^e^{deral receiv}^e^rs
^u^r^{t w}^ith^j^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^o^v^er^th^{e f}^o^r^e^igⁿ^reg^a^rdl^e^s^s^of^w^h^et^h^e^{r t}^h^{e propert}^y^owⁿ^e^r
^y^owⁿ^e^{r t}^oⁱ^s^s^u^{e a pre-}^t^rⁱ^a^l^if^f^o^reigⁿ^{or A}^m^erican^.
^t^raiⁿⁱⁿ^g^{order an}^{d appoi}ⁿ^t^{a f}^e^deral
^e^{r prior to adj}^u^dicatin^g^th^{e m}^e^rits
^th^{e co}ⁿ^f^iscatioⁿ^,¹⁸^U.S.C.

^raphⁱ^cal^errors^.^t^o^2339C^(e).

^f^eⁿ^s^es^{; in}^s^o^m^eⁱⁿ^s^t^an^ces^procedu^r^{e is}^{part of}^th^{e crim}ⁱⁿ^{al proceedin}^g^s^ag^ain^s^t
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}^{il, in}^o^t^h^e^r^s^{it is cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al, e.g}^{., 2}¹^S^.^C^.^{881, 853.}^t^h^{e propert}^y^owⁿ^e^{r, 28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2461(c).
^g/w
^s^.or
^le^ak
^://wiki
^h^ttp

^o^t.^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l f}^o^r^Natioⁿ^a^{l Secu}^r^ity
^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^D^o^{J, 28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^507A^{, 506, 509A}^,
^etc.

^{ital h}^a^b^{eas cases; q}^u^alif^icatioⁿ^is^qu^alif^ication^uⁿ^d^{er am}^en^{ded procedu}^r^es^,
^cat^{ed on}^t^h^{e l}^e^v^e^l^of^appoiⁿ^t^ed^{28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2261, 2265.}
ⁿ^s^{el prov}^{ided in}^dig^eⁿ^t^sⁱⁿ^capital
^es^{; n}^o^s^t^{ate h}^a^s^y^e^{t qu}^alif^{ied, 28}
^S^.^C^.^2265.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}
^g/w
^s^.or
^le^ak
^://wiki
^h^ttp

^r^e^tir^em^en^{t b}^eⁿ^e^f^{its o}^r^cer^tain^au^th^o^r^ity^o^f
^th^{e Secretary}^of^State.

^p^r^esen^{t id}^en^tif^icatioⁿ^an^d^sigⁿ^f^o^r^th^e
^pu^rch^a^s^e^(uⁿ^l^es^s^th^{e produ}^{ct con}^t^ain^s⁶⁰
^m^g^of^ps^eu^doeph^edriⁿ^e^{or l}^e^s^s⁾^{, 21}
^U^.^S^.^C^.^830(e).

^U^.^S^.^C^.^952.

^th^{e in}^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l n}^a^r^c^o^{tics co}ⁿ^t^r^o^l
^s^t^rat^e^g^y^report^,^{22 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2291h^;^m^a^k^e^s
^suc^h^na^tⁱ^o^{ns sub}^j^e^c^t^t^o^a^nnua^l
^certif^ication^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{e Foreig}ⁿ^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce
^A^c^t^,^{22 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2291j^.

^m^e^th^am^ph^etamⁱⁿ^{e en}^f^o^rcem^en^{t ef}^f^o^rts^.

^{(2006 t}^h^ru^{2010) f}^o^{r g}^r^an^t^s^f^o^{r pu}^blⁱ^c
^s^a^f^e^ty^an^{d m}^e^th^am^ph^etamⁱⁿ^{e s}^a^{le, u}^s^e,
^an^{d m}^aⁿ^u^f^act^u^rⁱⁿ^g^“^h^ot^s^pot^s^,^{” 42 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^3796cc-^2.

^addres^s^m^e^th^am^ph^etamⁱⁿ^{e u}^s^{e by}
^p^r^e^gna^nt^aⁿ^d^p^a^r^e^ntⁱ^{ng w}^o^m^e^{n o}^ffe^nd^e^r^s.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL33210}
^g/w
^s^.or
^le^ak
^://wiki
^h^ttp