Federal Spending by Agency and Budget Function, FY2001-FY2006

Federal Spending by Agency and
Budget Function, FY2001-FY2006
Updated December 12, 2006
Philip D. Winters
Analyst in Government Finance
Government and Finance Division

Federal Spending by Agency and Budget Function,
FY2001-FY2006
Summary
This report provides data on federal spending by agency and by budget function
for FY2001 through FY2006.¹ The agency and function data, ranked by size, reveal
the concentrated nature of federal spending. In 2006, the four largest agencies (of
51 listed) produced 82% of total outlays, and the six largest (of 19) budget functions
produced 84% of total outlays. Most of the spending by the largest agencies and
within the largest budget functions is either mandatory spending (such as Social
Security, Medicare, and income support), defense spending, or net interest spending
on federal debt.
Among the largest spending agencies or functions, minor reordering has
occurred over the six years of data in this report. Net interest fell as a share of total
spending, and in dollars slipped slightly, because of lower interest rates and slow
growth in federal debt early in the period (net interest began growing again in 2005).
The defense function spending grew as money was added for the war on terror and
the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
For the largest agencies, the Department of Health and Human Services moved
from the second spot to the first, replacing the Social Security Administration, as
health care costs continued to accelerate. The Department of Defense (military)
moved from fourth to third, while the Treasury slipped into fourth (as net interest
payments fell). Many of the smaller agencies experienced substantial changes in
their ranking, such as Homeland Security, which moved from 15^th to 8^th , based on
its lead role in the war on terror and its funding for hurricane recovery in 2005 and

2006.

The concentration of federal spending in broadly popular or necessary activities
makes congressional efforts to find and implement large spending reductions
difficult. Without a substantial reordering of the public’s priorities, as reflected in
the government’s allocation of resources, or a consensus among policy makers to
reduce popular spending programs, spending reduction efforts seem destined to
remain small. The result is a likely limited effect on overall federal spending or
deficit reduction.
This report will be updated as new budget data become available.

¹ Unless otherwise noted, all years mentioned in this report are fiscal years.

Contents
Outlays by Agency.............................................2
Outlays by Budget Function......................................4
Changing Rank and Share Over Time..............................5
Budget Functions as Percentages of GDP...........................7
Notes on the Tables...............................................13
List of Figures
Figure 1. Selected Agency Outlays as Percent of Total Outlays,
FY2001-FY2006 ..............................................5
Figure 2. Selected Budget Functions as Percent of Total Outlays,
FY2001-FY2006 ..............................................6
Figure 3. Selected Budget Functions as Percent of GDP, FY2001-FY2006.....7
Figure 4. Selected Budget Functions and Total Outlays as Percent of GDP,
FY2001-FY2006 ..............................................8
List of Tables
Table 1. Federal Outlays by Agency in Millions of Dollars,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006.....................9
Table 2. Federal Outlays by Agency in Percent of Total Outlays,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006....................10
Table 3. Federal Outlays by Budget Function in Millions of Dollars,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006....................11
Table 4. Federal Outlays by Budget Function in Percent of Total Outlays,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006....................11
Table 5. Federal Outlays by Budget Function in Percent of GDP,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Percent of GDP in FY2006.............12

Federal Spending by Agency and Budget
Function, FY2001-FY2006
The federal budget is a large and often confusing compilation of facts,
proposals, estimates, and expectations. This report compiles a portion of the
extensive budget information available to focus on the high degree of concentration
of federal spending within a relatively few areas or agencies.
Total federal spending has grown greatly over the last 21 years, from $946.4
billion in FY1985 to $2,654.9 billion in FY2006,² in current dollars. In constant
(FY2000) dollars, outlays grew from $1,395.7 billion in 1985 to $2,313.6 billion in
2006 (est). As a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), outlays have declined
from 22.9% of GDP in 1985 (a year of recession) to 20.3% of GDP in 2006. In
between, outlays fell to 18.4% of GDP in FY2000 (a year of rapid economic growth)
before climbing to the 2006 level.
The government spends this money on an immense number of activities through
a large number of federal agencies. To provide some sense of what this money is
spent on and in what amounts, this report ranks federal spending by federal agency
and by the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB’s) 19 budget functions (which
OMB uses to characterize spending by broad categories) for the years 2001 through
2006. The data are arranged by size, from largest to smallest. For agencies and
budget functions, the data are shown in dollars and as percentages of total spending.
For budget functions, the data are also shown as percentages of gross domestic
product (GDP). The data are from the Budget of the United States Government for
Fiscal Year 2007, from the OMB, and from the Final Monthly Treasury Statements
for various years from the Treasury.
The data clearly show two general patterns to federal spending. The first is that
most federal spending is, and has been over this period, concentrated in a limited
number of agencies and in about a third of the budget functions. The second pattern
is that, except for a handful of agencies (usually smaller ones), the relative rank of
the various spending categories has changed relatively modestly and slowly over the
six years. The combination of these two patterns indicates that the distribution of
federal spending, although always in some flux, has been fairly stable over these
years.
One other observation related to the concentration of federal spending is worth
noting. Other than defense spending, the spending of the largest agencies or budget
functions is mostly composed of mandatory or required spending, such as Social
Security, Medicare, Medicaid, federal civilian and military retirement programs, and

² Unless otherwise noted, all years mentioned in this report are fiscal years.

interest on the debt. OMB’s short definition of mandatory spending states that,
“[m]andatory and related programs include direct spending and offsetting receipts
whose budget authority is provided by law other than appropriations acts.”³ This puts
somewhere between 60% and 70% of total federal spending outside the annual
appropriations debate.
Even the 30% to 40% of the budget that is subject to annual appropriations is
not completely discretionary. Much of the annual appropriated amounts are
necessary to fulfill legal commitments that the government had entered into in
previous time periods, such as contracts or other obligations. Unless Congress and
the President are willing to eliminate programs and the payroll costs for federal
employees that run them, a certain amount of the annual appropriations is needed for
federal salaries. In addition, approximately half of the annual appropriated amount
goes to defense spending, an activity that is difficult to reduce during a time of war.
In effect, much less than the 30% to 40% of the budget considered discretionary can
be reduced through appropriations alone.
Tables 1 and 2 rank federal spending by agency, including spending for the
legislative and judicial branches, by amount spent in FY2006, from largest to
smallest. The Other Independent Agency category in the tables combines the outlays
of a multitude of relatively small agencies. The International Assistance Program is
a collection of activities not included in a specific agency. Table 1 contains outlays
in millions of dollars and Table 2 shows the agencies by their percentages of total^th
outlays. In 2006, for example, the National Science Foundation ranked 25, had
outlays of $5.5 billion, and accounted for 0.2089% of total outlays.
Tables 3 and 4 duplicate Tables 1 and 2 respectively but are ranked by the 19
federal budget functions instead of departments and agencies. As with the
departments and agencies, the functions are arranged in descending order by amount
spent in 2006. The Natural Resources and Environment budget function in 2006, for
example, had outlays of $33.1 billion, which were 1.2% of total outlays, and ranked
12^th out of the 19 budget functions. In addition, Table 5 shows the budget functions
by their share of GDP. The Natural Resources and Environment budget function
used 0.27% of GDP in 2006 (in 2006, total outlays were 20.33% of GDP).
Outlays by Agency
Tables 1 and 2 contain 2001 through 2006 outlays listed by the largest amount
spent by an agency, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to the
smallest amount spent by an agency, the General Services Administration, and on to
those agencies with negative outlays (in which the agency’s outlays are offset by
collections credited to the agency — see footnote 5). This ordering of federal
spending clearly shows the persistent concentration of federal spending in a few
agencies.

³ OMB. Budget Of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2006. February 2005.
Historical Tables. p. 15.

When combined, the four largest departments and agencies — HHS, the Social
Security Administration (SSA), Defense(DOD), and the Treasury — spent $2,136
billion, or 81.5% of the total outlays in 2006.⁴ The smallest of these four, the
Treasury ($464.3 billion), spent almost five times as much as the Department of
Agriculture ($95.4 billion), which ranks right below the Treasury in spending. The
department spending the most, HHS ($614.3 billion), spent 10 times what the tenth
largest, the Department of Transportation ($60.1 billion), spent in 2006. The two
largest, HHS and SSA, each spent over 22% of total outlays in 2006. The DOD
almost reached 19% of total outlays in 2006. The Treasury spent 17.5% of total
outlays. The next department in order, Agriculture, spent 3.5% of total outlays,
showing the large gulf between the four largest agencies and all others in the amounts
spent.
The next 14 departments or agencies in the table spent over $10 billion but less
than $100 billion in 2006.⁵ Their combined spending was $663.4 billion (25.0% of
total outlays). The 11 departments and agencies spending more than $1 billion but
less than $10 billion (including the Judicial and Legislative Branches), produced total
outlays of $63.9 billion and 2.4% of total outlays in 2006. These 11 combined spent
slightly more than the Office of Personnel Management alone (ranked ninth in the
list).
The final group of agencies with positive outlays, a group of 16, each spent less
than $1.0 billion. This group’s combined outlays were only $6.5 billion and just
0.24% of total outlays in 2006. The amount spent by these 16 for FY2006 was a little
more than the amount spent by the Department of Commerce ($6.4 billion) and
approximately what HHS spent, on average, in just under four days.
The sum of the percentages of total outlays spent by the agencies with positive
outlays equals 109.2% of total outlays for 2006. The remaining six agencies with
negative outlays (also called offsetting outlays or offsetting receipts) plus the
negative outlays from the undistributed offsetting receipts category, produced $243.1
billion in outlay offsets (-9.2% of total outlays). Adding these offsetting outlays to
total (positive) outlays produces total net outlays for 2006 of $2,654.9 billion.⁶

⁴ Some of the money spent by SSA, Treasury, HHS, Defense, and the other departments and
agencies includes internal payments within the government itself. To avoid counting these
internal payments in total outlays (which represent government expenditures to the public),
they are offset either against the spending of the government recipient or are subtracted from
outlays through the undistributed offsetting receipts category, (a negative outlay amount
found at the bottom of the list in each table). The Treasury is somewhat of a special case.
Without the inclusion of total interest payments on federal debt in its totals, its outlays drop
in 2006 from $464 billion to $58 billion (and 2.2% of total outlays). Adding the net interest
portion of total interest to this non-interest portion of Treasury outlays produces modified
2006 Treasury spending of $285 billion (10.7% of total outlays), an amount substantially
larger than the next largest agency, the Department of Agriculture.
⁵ Negative outlays, usually as offsetting receipts, keep the totals from exceeding 100% of
total outlays. See footnote 5.
⁶ Negative outlays or offsetting receipts generally refer to collections by one agency from
(continued...)

Outlays by Budget Function
As mentioned earlier, Tables 3 and 4 list the budget functions ranked in
descending order of outlays for 2006 for the six fiscal years, 2001 through 2006. The
data in these tables make a similar point to those in Tables 1 and 2: the bulk of
federal outlays are concentrated in a relatively few large functions. Although not
showing quite the same concentration as the agency listing, the six largest budget
functions — out of 19 — account for 84.4% of total outlays. These six functions
include the major mandatory spending programs of the federal government plus
defense and net interest spending. Substantially increased spending within the
community and regional development function resulting from federal hurricane
recovery efforts, reduced slightly the concentration of federal spending in the largest
six functions in FY2006. In 2005, the six largest functions contained 85.2% of total
spending, which fell to 84.4% of total spending in 2006.
The smallest of the six largest budget functions, net interest, produced over
8.5% of total outlays in 2006 (and its share is expected to keep rising) while the
seventh largest function in the list — education, training, employment, and social
services — produced almost 4.5% of total outlays. Three other of the remaining
budget functions individually produced more than 2% of total outlays. The 12
smaller budget functions (excluding offsetting receipts), generated 18% of total
outlays in 2006, and funded all other federal activities.
The six largest functions use such a large share of total spending that even if
they were reduced by the amount of the undistributed offsetting receipts (which in
the budget function listing is mostly federal agency payments of the employer share
of federal employee retirement), they would still account for almost 82% of total⁷
outlays.
Total federal outlays were 20.3% of GDP in 2006. The largest budget function,
Social Security, was 4.2% of GDP. As with their share of total outlays, the six
largest functions accounted for most of federal spending as a share of GDP by a
substantial amount. The largest six combined were 17.2% of GDP in 2006; the
remaining 12 functions with positive outlays made up 3.7% of GDP in that year.
Undistributed offsetting receipts were -0.5% of GDP. Table 5 shows the budget
functions as percentages of GDP for each of the six years.

⁶ (...continued)
another agency and collections from the public that have a business-like or market-like
nature. These are then credited to appropriation or fund accounts. Offsetting receipts are
deposited in receipt accounts, but are used to offset outlays rather than being added to total
federal receipts.
⁷ Undistributed offsetting receipts (UOR) are not defined or measured the same way in the
two sets of tables. In Tables 1 and 2 the UOR include almost all of the outlay offsets in the
government accounts. Very few are offset against the spending in the departments and
agencies. In Tables 3, 4, and 5, many of the offsets are included within the various
functions, producing amounts in the functions that are essentially net outlays. The UOR in
these three tables represents a relatively small amount of offsets that are not distributed
among the functions for various reasons.

Changing Rank and Share Over Time
Some of the agencies and a few of the budget functions shifted their rank over
the 2001 to 2006 period, while many gained or lost share of total outlays or GDP
without a change in rank. These changes resulted from policy choices and external
forces (such as the war on terrorism and changing economic conditions, respectively)
acting on the budget.
The four agencies with theFigure 1. Selected Agency Outlays as
largest outlays in 2006 were alsoPercent of Total Outlays, FY2001-FY2006

the four largest in 2001, although^A^s^P^e^r^c^ent^of^T^o^t^a^l
their order changed with HHS^24.^8%²⁴^.³^%^25%
and SSA swapping rank, as did²³^.¹^%^23.^7%^23.^5%^23.^5%
DOD and Treasury. Health care^23.^2%^23.^4%
costs grew faster than Social²²^.⁹^%^22.¹^%^22.⁷^%^23.^1%
Security, moving HHS to the top,^20.^8%
while slower federal debt growth^18.⁸^%¹⁹^.¹^%^20%
and lower interest rates early in¹⁸^.⁰^%¹⁹^.²^%¹⁸^.⁴^%
the period and higher defense^17.⁵^%^16.^4%
spending raised DOD (military)¹⁶^.⁵^%¹⁶^.⁶^%^17.^0%
above Treasury. ¹⁵^.⁶^%^15%
The combined share for the^12.^4%^11.^7%¹¹^.⁷^%
four largest agencies fell from^11.^5%^12.¹^%

84.0% in 2001 to 81.6% in 2006.^11.^5%^11.^1%^10%

The fall in the Treasury’s share of^8.⁵^%
total spending, due to the fall in^7.^1%^8.^5%
net interest outlays, explains^7.^4%
almost all of the decline for these^7.^0%
four agencies. A reduction in the^5%
SSA’s share contributed to the^HHS^SSA
fall, while growth in the DOD’s^D^e^f^eⁿ^s^e^-^M^ilit^a^r^y^T^r^eas^ur^y
share more than covered the SSA⁽^M^edi^c^a^r^e⁾^(N^e^t^Iⁿ^t^e^r^e^s^t⁾
reduction. The reversal (in 2005)^0%
of the four-year fall in net interest²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
(within the Department of the
Treasury), and the expectation
that net interest (and gross interest) will continue growing, has increased the chances
of higher future concentrations of federal spending in these four agencies. Along
with interest payments, Social Security and federal health spending are also expected
to rise as shares of total outlays.
The outlays of the three largest agencies combined were 63.2% of total outlays
in 2001, rising to 64.0% in 2006 (which was down from their peak of 65.9% of total
outlays in 2004). These three agencies, HHS, SSA, and DOD, produced almost two-
thirds of total federal spending over this period.

Among the other agencies, increases in Department of Education funding
bumped it from the 10^th spot in 2001 to the 6^th spot in 2006. The Department of
Homeland Security (DHS) moved from 15^th to 8^th place in the list of agencies.⁸ One
of the larger changes in rank moved the Executive Office of the President from 35^th
place in 2001 to 26^th place in 2006. The Executive Office of the President’s
responsibility for the Iraq Relief Reconstruction Fund produced most of the rise in
its rank. The Small Business
Administration (SBA) shiftedFigure 2. Selected Budget Functions as
from producing offsetting outlaysPercent of Total Outlays, FY2001-FY2006

(negative outlays) in 2001 to^25%^A^s^P^e^r^c^en^t^of^T^o^t^a^l
positive outlays in 2002 through²³^.²^%
2006, moving it to 30^th place (out
of 45 departments or agencies²⁰^.⁷^%^22.^7%^21.^6%^21.^2%
with positive outlays in 2006).²²^.⁰^%
The Postal Service went the^19.^9%^18.^7%^19.^9%²⁰^.⁴^%^20%
other way, dropping in the^17.^3%
rankings from 28^th to 49^th and¹⁶^.⁴^%
from having positive outlays in^15.⁵^%^15.^5%

2001 to having offsetting outlays^14.^0%^14.^5%^15%

in 2006 (it first had negative^13.³^%^14.^5%
outlays in 2003).
^12.⁴^%^11.^7%^11.^5%¹¹^.⁵^%^11.⁷^%¹²^.¹^%
The six largest budget^9.^8%^11.^1%
functions, Social Security,^9.^5%¹⁰^.¹^%^10.^2%¹⁰^.⁵^%^10%
defense, income security, net^9.^2%^8.⁵^%
interest, Medicare, and health,^8.^5%^7.¹^%^7.⁰^%
contain almost as much federal^7.⁴^%
spending and most of the same^5%^So^cⁱ^a^l^Se^c^u^ri^t^y
activities as the top four^Natⁱ^onal^Def^ens^e
agencies. The combined share^Iⁿ^co^m^e^S^e^cu^ri^t^y^M^edic^a^r^e
for these six budget functions^Healt^h
was 86.1% in 2001 and 84.4% in^N^e^{t I}ⁿ^te^r^e^s^t

2006. Excluding the net interest^0%

function from the top six still²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
produced three-quarters (or
more) of total outlays, 75.0% of total outlays in 2001 and 75.8% of total outlays in
2006. The concentration of federal spending can be expected to increase in the near
future as the federal programs for the elderly, such as Social Security and Medicare,
expand in response to the coming retirement of the baby-boom generation. The
expected faster growth in federal debt resulting from persistent deficits, along with
higher interest rates, may also raise net interest spending as a share of total outlays.
In 2006, spending for hurricane recovery increased spending outside the largest four
departments and six functions by enough to drive down their cumulative share of
total outlays.
⁸ OMB adjusts historical budget data to conform to current accounting, including
organization changes such as occurred with the creation of the Department of Homeland
Security.

Like the agency list, the largest budget functions show little change in rank over
the period. The four largest budget functions held their rank throughout the five
years. The fifth and sixth ranked budget functions, health and net interest, exchanged
positions, health moving to number five and net interest falling to number six. The
share of total outlays going to the national defense function, as one might expect,
increased over the five years, growing from 16.4% in 2001 to 19.9% in 2006 (the
defense function reached 20.4% of total outlays in 2005). See Table 4 for a listing
of the 19 budget functions showing their share of total outlays for the years 2001
through 2006.
Budget Functions as Percentages of GDP
As percentages of GDP (see Table 5), total outlays have increased since 2001,
rising from 18.5% to 20.3% in 2006. In other words, federal spending has grown
faster than the economy over these
six years. Its growth in 2006 inFigure 3. Selected Budget Functions as
relation to GDP was smaller thanPercent of GDP, FY2001-FY2006

most of the other years in the^A^s^P^e^r^c^ent^of^G^D^P
period. Of the overall increase,^4.^26%^4.^5%
national defense increased its^4.¹⁹^%^4.^39%⁴^.^29%^4.^39%^4.^30%
share by 1.0% of GDP. Increases^4.^09%^4.^0%
in the shares of three other⁴^.^03%³^.^95%^3.^75%
functions (Medicare; health; and
education, training, employment,^3.^36%^3.^5%
and social services) produced³^.^03%^3.¹⁰^%
much of the remaining increase in^2.^82%^3.^0%
total outlays as a percentage of^2.⁷⁰^%^3.^01%^2.^88%
GDP. Net interest lost 0.3% of its^2.⁶⁸^%^2.⁴³^%
share of GDP over the period.^2.⁵²^%^2.³³^%^2.^31%^2.²²^%^2.^5%
Figure 3 shows the six largest^2.¹⁶^%^2.^04%
budget functions as percentages of^1.⁹³^%^2.^08%^2.^03%^1.^89%^2.^05%^2.^0%
GDP for the years 2001 through

2006 (their cumulative share of^1.^71%¹^.^73%^1.^65%^1.^39%

GDP was 15.9% in 2001 and^1.^50%^1.^5%

17.1% in 2006). The changes, for¹^.^42%

the most part, occurred over a^1.^0%
limited range. None of the^So^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^cu^rⁱ^t^y^Na^tⁱ^onal^D^e^f^ens^e
functions changed its share of^0.^5%^Iⁿ^co^m^e^S^e^cu^rⁱ^t^y
GDP by more than 1% (the^Me^dⁱ^c^a^r^e^He^al^t^h
National defense function^N^e^{t In}^t^e^r^e^s^t
increased its share by exactly 1%).^0.^0%
Most of the functions had changes²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
of less than 0.4% of GDP, many
much less. Changing the scale in
Figure 3 to show total outlays over the period (i.e., extending the vertical axis to
21% of GDP) makes the visual changes in most of the six functions look relatively
flat. (This is illustrated in Figure 4.)

During the six years, the individual functions showed varied patterns of change.
Defense spending grew rapidly in the early years of the period (from historically low
levels) as the funding for the war on terror grew, but leveled off in 2005 and 2006.
Income security rose from 2.7%Figure 4. Selected Budget Functions and
of GDP in 2001 to 3.1% of GDPTotal Outlays as Percent of GDP,
in 2003, before falling back toFY2001-FY2006

2.7% of GDP in 2006. Funding^A^s^P^e^r^c^ent^o^f^G^D^P

in this function increased with
the economic sluggishness in the^20%
early years of the decade. Net
interest fell from 2.0% of GDP in
2001 to 1.4% of GDP in 2003
and 2004 before rising to 1.7%
of GDP in 2006 (a trend that is^15%
likely to continue and may
accelerate). The slow growth in
federal debt and low interest^To^t^a^l
rates in the early 2000s reduced^So^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^cu^rⁱ^t^y
the share of GDP used for net^Natⁱ^{onal Def}^ens^e
interest. Medicare continued its^10%^Iⁿ^co^m^e^S^e^cu^ri^t^y^M^edic^a^r^e
fairly steady increase as a share^Healt^h
of GDP. Although Social^N^e^{t In}^te^r^e^s^t
Security fell slightly as a share of
GDP over these years, this trend
is unlikely to continue for long.^5%
The coming retirement of the
baby boom generation beginning
early in the next decade will
increase (under current policy)
spending for Social Security at a^0%
rate fast enough to increase its²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
share of total spending.

Table 1. Federal Outlays by Agency in Millions of Dollars,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006
^A^g^eⁿ^c^y²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
¹^D^e^p^t^.^O^f^H^e^a^l^t^h^Aⁿ^d^H^u^m^aⁿ^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^....^426,311^465,812^505,345^543,389^581,463^614,318
⁽^M^e^dⁱ^c^a^r^e⁾^{....................}^217,384^230,855^249,433^269,360^298,638^329,867
²^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^..........^461,264^487,827^507,734^530,205^561,333^585,742
³^D^e^p^a^r^tm^eⁿ^{t Of}^De^f^e^nse^{— Milita}^ry^......^290,340^331,951^388,870^437,116^474,374^499,355
⁴^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^T^h^e^T^r^e^a^s^u^r^y^...........^386,906^370,558^366,987^375,360^410,726^464,267
⁽^N^{et In}^terest)^{..................}^206,167^170,949^153,073^160,245^183,905^226,631
⁵^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^A^g^rⁱ^c^u^l^t^u^r^e^{.............}⁶⁸^,⁰⁰¹⁶⁸^,⁷³⁸⁷²^,³⁷⁴⁷¹^,⁷⁶⁹⁸⁵^,³³³⁹³^,⁵³⁴
⁶^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^E^d^u^c^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{..............}³⁵^,⁷²¹⁴⁶^,²⁸²⁵⁷^,⁴⁰⁰⁶²^,⁸¹⁹⁷²^,⁸⁵⁷⁹³^,⁴²⁷
⁷^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^V^e^t^e^r^aⁿ^s^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s^.........⁴⁵^,⁰⁵⁰⁵⁰^,⁸⁸⁴⁵⁶^,⁸⁹¹⁵⁹^,⁵⁵⁴⁶⁹^,⁸⁴⁴⁶⁹^,⁸⁰⁸
⁸^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^H^o^m^e^l^aⁿ^d^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^......¹⁵^,⁰²⁵¹⁷^,⁵⁵⁷³¹^,⁹⁶⁷²⁶^,⁵³⁷³⁸^,⁷¹⁷⁶⁹^,¹⁰⁰
⁹^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^O^f^P^e^r^s^onne^{l Ma}^na^g^e^m^e^nt^.......⁵⁰^,⁹¹⁴⁵²^,⁵¹²⁵⁴^,¹³⁵⁵⁶^,⁵³⁵⁵⁹^,⁵⁰⁰⁶²^,⁴⁰⁰
¹⁰^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^T^r^aⁿ^s^p^o^r^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^..........⁴⁹^,²⁸²⁵⁶^,⁰²⁴⁵⁰^,⁸⁰⁷⁵⁴^,⁵⁴⁸⁵⁶^,⁵⁹⁷⁶⁰^,¹⁴¹
¹¹^O^t^h^e^r^D^e^f^eⁿ^s^e^Cⁱ^vⁱ^l^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^..........³⁴^,¹⁶⁴³⁵^,¹⁵⁷³⁹^,⁸⁸³⁴¹^,⁷³⁰⁴³^,⁴⁸⁴⁴⁴^,⁴³⁵
¹²^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^L^a^b^o^r^{.................}³⁹^,⁷⁵⁵⁶⁴^,⁷⁰⁴⁶⁹^,⁵⁹³⁵⁶^,⁷⁰⁶⁴⁶^,⁹⁴³⁴³^,¹³⁹
¹³^D^e^{pt O}^f^H^ous^ing^A^{nd U}^r^ba^{n D}^e^v^e^lopm^eⁿ^t^33,939^31,876^37,474^45,019^42,448^42,434
¹⁴^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^J^u^s^tⁱ^c^e^{................}¹⁸^,⁶⁹⁵²¹^,¹¹²²¹^,⁵³⁹²⁸^,⁹⁵⁴²²^,³⁶⁶²³^,³²⁰
¹⁵^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^Eⁿ^e^r^g^y^{................}¹⁶^,³⁴⁰¹⁷^,⁶⁸¹¹⁹^,³⁸⁵¹⁹^,⁹⁷²²¹^,²⁷⁴¹⁹^,⁶⁵²
¹⁶^Natⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^e^roⁿ^a^u^tⁱ^c^{s A}ⁿ^d^S^p^{ace A}^d^m^.^.^.^.¹⁴^,⁰⁹⁵¹⁴^,⁴³⁰¹⁴^,⁵⁵²¹⁵^,¹⁸⁹¹⁵^,⁶⁰⁰¹⁵^,¹²⁵
¹⁷^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^aⁿ^c^e^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^........¹¹^,⁷⁷⁷¹³^,³³⁶¹³^,⁴⁶³¹³^,⁷³⁷¹⁵^,⁰³⁴¹³^,⁹¹⁴
¹⁸^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^S^t^a^t^e^{..................}⁷^,⁴⁴⁴⁹^,⁴⁵³⁹^,²⁶¹¹⁰^,⁹³⁴¹²^,⁷⁵⁴¹²^,⁹⁵⁷
¹⁹^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^T^h^e^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁱ^o^r^............⁷^,⁸⁶⁸⁹^,⁷³⁹⁹^,²¹⁰⁸^,⁹³⁶⁹^,²⁸⁸⁹^,⁰⁶³
²⁰^Eⁿ^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^a^l^P^r^o^t^e^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^A^g^eⁿ^c^y^.......⁷^,³⁹¹⁷^,⁴⁵⁰⁸^,⁰⁶¹⁸^,³³⁴⁷^,⁹¹¹⁸^,³²²
²¹^C^o^r^p^s^O^f^Eⁿ^gⁱⁿ^e^e^r^s^{..................}⁴^,⁷²⁶⁴^,⁷⁹⁷⁴^,⁷⁵¹⁴^,⁸³⁸⁴^,⁷²⁰⁶^,⁹⁴⁶
²²^F^e^d^e^r^a^l^C^o^m^m^uⁿⁱ^c^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^oⁿ^....⁴^,⁰⁹⁸⁵^,²⁰²⁸^,⁸⁰⁰³^,⁸⁴⁸⁷^,⁵⁴⁶⁶^,⁹²²
²³^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^C^o^m^m^e^r^c^e^{.............}⁵^,⁰¹⁰⁵^,³¹⁴⁵^,⁶⁷⁶⁵^,⁸⁵⁰⁶^,¹⁴⁷⁶^,³⁷⁴
²⁴^J^u^dⁱ^cⁱ^a^l^B^r^aⁿ^c^h^{......................}⁴^,⁴⁰⁵⁴^,⁸²³⁵^,¹²³⁵^,³⁹²⁵^,⁵⁴³⁵^,⁸²⁰
²⁵^N^a^tiona^{l Sc}^ie^nc^e^Founda^tion^...........³^,⁶⁹⁰⁴^,¹⁸⁸⁴^,⁷³⁶⁵^,¹¹⁸⁵^,⁴³²⁵^,⁵⁴⁶
²⁶^E^x^e^c^u^tⁱ^v^e^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^O^f^T^h^e^P^r^e^sⁱ^d^eⁿ^t^.......²⁴⁶⁴⁵¹³⁸⁷³^,³⁰⁸⁷^,⁶⁸⁹⁵^,³⁷⁸
²⁷^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^a^tⁱ^v^e^B^r^aⁿ^c^h^{...................}³^,⁰³⁵³^,²¹⁹³^,⁴²⁷³^,⁸⁸⁵³^,⁹⁹⁵⁴^,¹²⁹
²⁸^R^aⁱ^l^r^o^a^d^R^e^tⁱ^r^e^m^eⁿ^t^B^o^a^r^d^{.............}⁵^,⁵⁴¹⁵^,⁴²⁵³^,⁰⁵⁶²^,⁷⁹²²^,¹²³³^,³⁶⁸
²⁹^O^t^h^e^r^Iⁿ^d^e^p^eⁿ^d^eⁿ^t^A^g^eⁿ^cⁱ^e^s^...........¹^,⁰⁴¹¹^,²⁵⁶¹^,⁶⁴⁹²^,⁵⁶³³^,⁴⁴⁸²^,⁰¹⁹
³⁰^S^m^a^l^l^B^u^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^.........^-⁵⁷⁰⁴⁹³¹^,⁵⁵⁸⁴^,⁰⁷⁵²^,⁵⁰³⁹⁰⁵
³¹^C^o^r^p^{. For}^N^a^tiona^{l A}^{nd C}^o^m^m^unity^Se^r^v^.⁷⁵⁷⁷⁹³⁸³⁹⁷⁶⁵⁷⁹³⁸⁴²
³²^Sm^ithsoniaⁿ^Institution^{...............}⁵⁶¹⁶¹⁶⁶¹⁴⁷⁸²⁷³⁹⁷⁹⁵
³³^Dⁱ^s^t^rⁱ^c^t^O^f^C^o^l^u^m^bⁱ^a^{.................}⁵³⁹⁹²⁷⁷⁸¹⁸⁰⁵⁶⁵⁹⁶⁷¹
³⁴^B^r^o^a^d^c^a^s^tⁱⁿ^g^B^o^a^r^d^O^f^G^o^v^e^rⁿ^o^r^s^.......⁴²⁹⁴⁸⁴⁵¹⁷⁶⁵³⁶⁴⁰⁶³⁴
³⁵^C^o^r^p^o^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^F^o^r^P^u^b^lⁱ^c^B^r^o^a^d^c^a^s^tⁱⁿ^g^.....³⁶⁰³⁷⁵⁴¹¹⁴³⁷⁴⁶⁶⁴⁶⁰
³⁶^F^e^d^e^r^a^l^D^r^u^g^C^oⁿ^t^r^o^l^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^.........³⁴⁰⁴⁶⁷⁶²⁰⁴²⁹⁴⁰⁹⁴⁰¹
³⁷^L^e^g^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^C^o^r^p^o^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^............³²⁰³³³³³⁶³³⁵³³²³²⁷
³⁸^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^r^c^hⁱ^v^e^s^Aⁿ^d^R^e^c^o^r^d^s^A^d^m^.^....²¹⁷²⁶⁸³⁰¹³⁰⁷³²¹³²¹
³⁹^Equa^{l Em}^ploy^m^e^{nt O}^ppor^tunity^C^o^m^m^.^.^.²⁸⁹³²⁴³¹⁵³²⁴³²⁰³²⁰
⁴⁰^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^L^a^b^o^r^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^B^o^a^r^d^.........²²⁰²³⁰²³¹²⁴²²⁴⁵²⁴⁸
⁴¹^Institute^Of^Muse^um^A^{nd L}ⁱ^bra^r^y^Se^rv^.^.^.^.¹⁹⁶²¹⁹²⁴⁹²⁰⁷²⁵⁰²³⁸
⁴²^N^a^tiona^{l Endow}^m^e^{nt For T}^h^e^H^u^m^a^nitie^s¹¹⁹¹²⁰¹¹⁹¹²⁷¹³⁶¹³⁸
⁴³^N^a^tiona^{l Endow}^m^e^{nt For}^T^h^e^A^r^ts^......¹⁰⁴¹⁰⁷¹¹²¹²⁰¹²⁴¹²¹
⁴⁴^N^u^c^l^e^a^r^R^e^g^u^l^a^t^o^r^y^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^oⁿ^........³¹⁴⁰⁴⁸⁷¹¹¹⁰⁵⁷
⁴⁵^G^eⁿ^e^r^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^........^-²⁶⁹^-²⁷¹³²³^-⁴⁰⁴¹⁷²²
⁴⁶^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^C^r^e^dⁱ^t^Uⁿⁱ^oⁿ^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^....^-²⁰²^-⁶²³^-⁵⁷²^-³⁵¹^-³³⁹^-²⁷⁹
⁴⁷^T^eⁿⁿ^e^s^s^e^e^V^a^l^l^e^y^A^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^............^-⁶⁶²¹²⁴²⁶⁷^-⁴¹³^-²⁰⁵^-³⁸⁰
⁴⁸^Fe^de^r^a^{l D}^e^pos^{it I}ⁿ^s^u^r^a^nc^e^C^o^r^por^a^tion^.^.^.^-¹^,220^-³⁵³^-⁷⁹³^-¹^,554^-⁸⁷⁴^-⁶⁷⁷
⁴⁹^P^o^s^t^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^{.......................}²^,³⁹⁵²⁰⁷^-⁵^,¹⁶⁹^-⁴^,⁰⁷⁰^-¹^,²²³^-⁹⁷¹
⁵⁰^Se^c^u^ritie^{s A}^{nd Ex}^c^h^aⁿ^g^e^Com^mⁱ^ssion^....^-³³⁰^-⁵³⁶^-⁵³²^-⁶⁸⁵^-⁷⁹⁹^-¹^,⁰³³
⁵¹^E^x^p^o^r^t^-^I^m^p^o^r^t^B^aⁿ^k^O^f^T^h^e^U^.^S^.^........^-¹^,⁷⁴⁹^-¹⁴⁰^-³^,²⁴⁸^-¹^,⁹⁰²^-⁸⁰¹^-²^,¹⁹¹
⁵²^Un^dⁱ^strib^u^t^ed^Of^f^s^ettin^g^Receip^t^s^.......^-^190,948^-^201,124^-^210,446^-^212,522^-^226,210^-^237,546
^T^o^t^a^l^s^{.............................}^1,863,190^2,011,153^2,160,117^2,293,006^2,471647^2,654,877
⁽^S^e^e^ta^ble^note^s^a^t^the^e^{nd of}^r^e^por^t.)

Table 2. Federal Outlays by Agency in Percent of Total Outlays,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006
^A^g^eⁿ^c^y²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
¹^D^e^p^t^.^O^f^H^e^a^l^t^h^Aⁿ^d^H^u^m^aⁿ^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^....²²^.^8807%^23.1614%^23.3943%^23.6977%^23.5211%^23.1436%
⁽^M^e^dⁱ^c^a^r^e⁾^{....................}¹¹^.⁶⁶⁷³^11.4787^11.5472^11.7470^12.0804^12.4273
²^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^..........²⁴^.⁷⁵⁶⁷^24.2561^23.5049^23.1227^22.7068^22.0670
³^D^e^p^a^r^tm^eⁿ^{t Of}^De^f^e^nse^{— Milita}^ry^......¹⁵^.⁵⁸³⁰^16.5055^18.0023^19.0630^19.1891^18.8125
⁴^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^T^h^e^T^r^e^a^s^u^r^y^...........²⁰^.⁷⁶⁵⁸^18.4252^16.9892^16.3698^16.6145^17.4906
⁽^N^e^t^Iⁿ^t^e^r^e^s^t⁾^{..................}¹¹^.⁰⁶⁵³^8.5000^7.0863^6.9884^7.4392^8.5380
⁵^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^A^g^rⁱ^c^u^l^t^u^r^e^{.............}³^.⁶⁴⁹⁷^3.4178^3.3505^3.1299^3.4518^3.5238
⁶^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^E^d^u^c^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{..............}¹^.⁹¹⁷²^2.3013^2.6573^2.7396^2.9472^3.5197
⁷^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^V^e^t^e^r^aⁿ^s^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s^.........²^.⁴¹⁷⁹^2.5301^2.6337^2.5972^2.8253^2.6299
⁸^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^H^o^m^e^l^aⁿ^d^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^......⁰^.⁸⁰⁶⁴^0.8730^1.4799^1.1573^1.5662^2.6032
⁹^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^O^f^P^e^r^s^onne^{l Ma}^na^g^e^m^e^nt^.......²^.⁷³²⁶^2.6110^2.5061^2.4655^2.4069^2.3508
¹⁰^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^T^r^aⁿ^s^p^o^r^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^..........²^.⁶⁴⁵⁰^2.7857^2.3520^2.3789^2.2894^2.2657
¹¹^O^t^h^e^r^D^e^f^eⁿ^s^e^Cⁱ^vⁱ^l^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^..........¹^.⁸³³⁶^1.7481^1.8463^1.8199^1.7590^1.6740
¹²^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^L^a^b^o^r^{.................}²^.¹³³⁷^3.2173^3.2217^2.4730^1.8989^1.6252
¹³^D^e^{pt. O}^f^H^ous^ing^A^{nd U}^r^ba^{n D}^e^v^e^lopm^eⁿ^t¹^.8216^1.5850^1.7348^1.9633^1.7171^1.5986
¹⁴^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^J^u^s^tⁱ^c^e^{................}¹^.⁰⁰³⁴^1.0497^0.9971^1.2627^0.9047^0.8785
¹⁵^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^Eⁿ^e^r^g^y^{................}⁰^.⁸⁷⁷⁰^0.8791^0.8974^0.8710^0.8606^0.7404
¹⁶^Natⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^e^roⁿ^a^u^tⁱ^c^{s A}ⁿ^d^S^p^{ace A}^d^m^.^.^.^.⁰^.⁷⁵⁶⁵^0.7175^0.6737^0.6624^0.6310^0.5698
¹⁷^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^aⁿ^c^e^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^........⁰^.⁶³²¹^0.6631^0.6233^0.5991^0.6081^0.5242
¹⁸^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^S^t^a^t^e^{..................}⁰^.³⁹⁹⁵^0.4700^0.4287^0.4768^0.5159^0.4881
¹⁹^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^T^h^e^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁱ^o^r^............⁰^.⁴²²³^0.4842^0.4264^0.3897^0.3757^0.3414
²⁰^Eⁿ^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^a^l^P^r^o^t^e^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^A^g^eⁿ^c^y^.......⁰^.³⁹⁶⁷^0.3704^0.3732^0.3635^0.3200^0.3135
²¹^C^o^r^p^s^O^f^Eⁿ^gⁱⁿ^e^e^r^s^{..................}⁰^.²⁵³⁷^0.2385^0.2199^0.2110^0.1909^0.2617
²²^F^e^d^e^r^a^l^C^o^m^m^uⁿⁱ^c^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^oⁿ^....⁰^.²¹⁹⁹^0.2587^0.4074^0.1678^0.3052^0.2608
²³^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^O^f^C^o^m^m^e^r^c^e^{.............}⁰^.²⁶⁸⁹^0.2642^0.2628^0.2551^0.2487^0.2401
²⁴^J^u^dⁱ^cⁱ^a^l^B^r^aⁿ^c^h^{......................}⁰^.²³⁶⁴^0.2398^0.2372^0.2351^0.2242^0.2193
²⁵^N^a^tiona^{l Sc}^ie^nc^e^Founda^tion^...........⁰^.¹⁹⁸⁰^0.2082^0.2192^0.2232^0.2197^0.2089
²⁶^E^x^e^c^u^tⁱ^v^e^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^O^f^T^h^e^P^r^e^sⁱ^d^eⁿ^t^.......⁰^.⁰¹³²^0.0224^0.0179^0.1443^0.3110^0.2026
²⁷^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^a^tⁱ^v^e^B^r^aⁿ^c^h^{...................}⁰^.¹⁶²⁹^0.1601^0.1586^0.1694^0.1616^0.1556
²⁸^R^aⁱ^l^r^o^a^d^R^e^tⁱ^r^e^m^eⁿ^t^B^o^a^r^d^{.............}⁰^.²⁹⁷⁴^0.2697^0.1415^0.1218^0.0859^0.1269
²⁹^O^t^h^e^r^Iⁿ^d^e^p^eⁿ^d^eⁿ^t^A^g^eⁿ^cⁱ^e^s^...........⁰^.⁰⁵⁵⁹^0.0625^0.0763^0.1118^0.1395^0.0761
³⁰^S^m^a^l^l^B^u^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^.........^-⁰^.⁰³⁰⁶^0.0245^0.0721^0.1777^0.1013^0.0341
³¹^C^o^r^p^{. For}^N^a^tiona^{l A}^{nd C}^o^m^m^unity^Se^r^v^.⁰^.0406^0.0394^0.0388^0.0334^0.0321^0.0317
³²^Sm^ithsoniaⁿ^Institution^{...............}⁰^.⁰³⁰¹^0.0306^0.0284^0.0341^0.0299^0.0300
³³^Dⁱ^s^t^rⁱ^c^t^O^f^C^o^l^u^m^bⁱ^a^{.................}⁰^.⁰²⁸⁹^0.0461^0.0362^0.0351^0.0267^0.0253
³⁴^B^r^o^a^d^c^a^s^tⁱⁿ^g^B^o^a^r^d^O^f^G^o^v^e^rⁿ^o^r^s^.......⁰^.⁰²³⁰^0.0241^0.0239^0.0285^0.0259^0.0239
³⁵^C^o^r^p^o^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^F^o^r^P^u^b^lⁱ^c^B^r^o^a^d^c^a^s^tⁱⁿ^g^.....⁰^.⁰¹⁹³^0.0186^0.0190^0.0191^0.0189^0.0173
³⁶^F^e^d^e^r^a^l^D^r^u^g^C^oⁿ^t^r^o^l^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^.........⁰^.⁰¹⁸²^0.0232^0.0287^0.0187^0.0165^0.0151
³⁷^L^e^g^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^C^o^r^p^o^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^............⁰^.⁰¹⁷²^0.0166^0.0156^0.0146^0.0134^0.0123
³⁸^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^r^c^hⁱ^v^e^s^Aⁿ^d^R^e^c^o^r^d^s^A^d^m^.^....⁰^.⁰¹¹⁶^0.0133^0.0139^0.0134^0.0130^0.0121
³⁹^Equa^{l Em}^ploy^m^e^{nt O}^ppor^tunity^C^o^m^m^.^.^.^0.0155^0.0161^0.0146^0.0141^0.0129^0.0121
⁴⁰^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^L^a^b^o^r^R^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^B^o^a^r^d^.........⁰^.⁰¹¹⁸^0.0114^0.0107^0.0106^0.0099^0.0093
⁴¹^Ins^titute^O^f^Mus^e^um^A^{nd L}ⁱ^bra^r^y^Se^rv^ic^e^s^0.0105^0.0109^0.0115^0.0090^0.0101^0.0090
⁴²^N^a^tiona^{l Endow}^m^e^{nt For T}^h^e^H^u^m^a^nitie^s⁰^.0064^0.0060^0.0055^0.0055^0.0055^0.0052
⁴³^N^a^tiona^{l Endow}^m^e^{nt For}^T^h^e^A^r^ts^......⁰^.⁰⁰⁵⁶^0.0053^0.0052^0.0052^0.0050^0.0046
⁴⁴^N^u^c^l^e^a^r^R^e^g^u^l^a^t^o^r^y^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^oⁿ^........⁰^.⁰⁰¹⁷^0.0020^0.0022^0.0031^0.0044^0.0021
⁴⁵^G^eⁿ^e^r^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^........^-⁰^.⁰¹⁴⁴^-⁰^.0135^0.0150^-⁰^.0176^0.0007^0.0008
⁴⁶^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^C^r^e^dⁱ^t^Uⁿⁱ^oⁿ^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^....^-⁰^.⁰¹⁰⁸^-⁰^.0310^-⁰^.0265^-⁰^.0153^-⁰^.0137^-⁰^.0105
⁴⁷^T^eⁿⁿ^e^s^s^e^e^V^a^l^l^e^y^A^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^............^-⁰^.⁰³⁵⁵^0.0062^0.0124^-⁰^.0180^-⁰^.0083^-⁰^.0143
⁴⁸^Fe^de^r^a^{l D}^e^pos^{it I}ⁿ^s^u^r^a^nc^e^C^o^r^por^a^tion^.^.^.^-⁰^.0655^-⁰^.0176^-⁰^.0367^-⁰^.0678^-⁰^.0354^-⁰^.0255
⁴⁹^P^o^s^t^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^{.......................}⁰^.¹²⁸⁵^0.0103^-⁰^.2393^-⁰^.1775^-⁰^.0495^-⁰^.0366
⁵⁰^Se^c^u^ritie^{s A}^{nd Ex}^c^h^aⁿ^g^e^Com^mⁱ^ssion^....^-⁰^.⁰¹⁷⁷^-⁰^.0267^-⁰^.0246^-⁰^.0299^-⁰^.0323^-⁰^.0389
⁵¹^Ex^por^t-^I^m^por^{t B}^a^nk^O^f^T^h^e^Uⁿ^ite^{d Sta}^t^e^s^-⁰^.0939^-⁰^.0070^-⁰^.1504^-⁰^.0829^-⁰^.0324^-⁰^.0825
⁵²^Un^dⁱ^strib^u^t^ed^Of^f^s^ettin^g^Receip^t^s^.......^-¹⁰^.²⁴⁸⁴^-^10.0004^-⁹^.7423^-⁹^.2683^-⁹^.1505^-⁸^.9492
^T^o^t^a^l^s^{.............................}^100.0%^100.0%^100.0%^100.0%^100.0%^100.0%
⁽^S^e^e^ta^ble^note^s^a^t^the^e^{nd of}^r^e^por^t.)

Table 3. Federal Outlays by Budget Function in Millions of
Dollars, FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006
^Fuⁿ^c^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
¹^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^{....................}^432,958^455,980^474,680^495,548^523,333^548,573
²^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^D^e^f^eⁿ^s^e^{..................}^304,880^348,555^404,920^455,908^503,155^528,811
³^Iⁿ^c^o^m^e^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^{...................}^269,774^312,720^334,632^333,059^346,785^353,701
⁴^M^e^dⁱ^c^a^r^e^{.........................}^217,384^230,855^249,433^269,360^298,638^329,867
⁵^H^e^a^l^t^h^{...........................}^172,270^196,544^219,576^240,134^250,420^252,609
⁶^N^e^t^Iⁿ^t^e^r^e^s^t^{.......................}^206,167^170,949^153,073^160,245^183,905^226,631
⁷^E^{d., T}^r^aⁱ^ning^{, Em}^{pl. a}^{nd Soc}ⁱ^a^l^Se^r^v^ic^e^s^57,143^70,544^82,568^87,948^95,889^116,472
⁸^T^r^aⁿ^s^p^o^r^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{....................}⁵⁴^,⁴⁴⁷⁶¹^,⁸³³⁶⁷^,⁰⁶⁹⁶⁴^,⁶²⁷⁶⁸^,¹⁰²⁷⁰^,⁸⁰¹
⁹^V^e^t^e^r^aⁿ^s^B^eⁿ^e^fⁱ^t^s^Aⁿ^d^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^.......⁴⁵^,⁰³⁹⁵⁰^,⁹⁸⁴⁵⁷^,⁰²²⁵⁹^,⁷⁷⁹⁷⁰^,¹⁵⁰⁶⁹^,⁸⁴³
¹⁰^C^o^m^m^unity^A^{nd R}^e^gⁱ^ona^{l D}^e^v^e^lopm^eⁿ^t^11,773^12,981^18,850^15,822^25,268^53,925
¹¹^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^O^f^J^u^s^tⁱ^c^e^............³⁰^,²⁰²³⁵^,⁰⁶¹³⁵^,³⁴⁰⁴⁵^,⁵⁷⁶³⁴^,⁵⁰⁸³⁵^,⁵⁰³
¹²^N^a^tur^a^{l R}^e^s^our^c^e^s^A^{nd Env}ⁱ^r^onm^eⁿ^t^.^.^.^25,623^29,454^29,703^30,725^28,174^33,062
¹³^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s^{................}¹⁶^,⁴⁹³²²^,³⁵¹²¹^,²⁰⁹²⁶^,⁸⁹¹³⁴^,³³⁰²⁹^,⁴⁹¹
¹⁴^A^g^rⁱ^c^u^l^t^u^r^e^{.......................}²⁶^,²⁵³²¹^,⁹⁶⁶²²^,⁴⁹⁷¹⁵^,⁴⁴⁰²⁸^,⁴²¹²⁷^,⁹⁰⁷
¹⁵^G^eⁿ^e^ral^S^cⁱ^eⁿ^ce,^S^p^ace,^Aⁿ^d^T^ec^hnolog^y^19,784^20,767^20,⁸⁷³^23,053^20,468^20,218
¹⁶^G^eⁿ^e^r^a^l^G^o^v^e^rⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{...............}¹⁴^,²⁶³¹⁶^,⁹²⁵²³^,⁰⁵⁴²²^,³²¹¹⁷^,⁴⁵⁹¹⁸^,⁸⁷¹
¹⁷^C^o^m^m^e^r^c^e^Aⁿ^d^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^C^r^e^dⁱ^t^.......⁵^,⁷³⁹^-³⁹⁹⁷³⁵⁵^,²⁷³⁷^,⁴⁶⁰⁶^,⁰⁸⁵
¹⁸^Eⁿ^e^r^g^y^{..........................}⁹⁴⁷⁵^-⁷³⁵^-¹⁶⁶⁴⁰⁶⁷⁵⁵
¹⁹^Un^dⁱ^strib^u^t^ed^Of^f^s^ettin^g^Receip^t^s^.....^-⁴⁷^,⁰¹¹^-⁴⁷^,³⁹²^-⁵⁴^,³⁸²^-⁵⁸^,⁵³⁷^-⁶⁵^,²²³^-⁶⁸^,²⁴⁹
^T^o^t^a^l^{............................}^1,863,190^2,011,153^2,160,117^2,293,006^2,471,647^2,654,878
⁽^S^e^e^ta^ble^note^s^a^t^the^e^{nd of}^r^e^por^t.)
Table 4. Federal Outlays by Budget Function in Percent of Total
Outlays, FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Outlays in FY2006
^Fuⁿ^c^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
¹^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^{..........................}²³^.^237%^22.673%^21.975%^21.611%^21.173%^20.663%
²^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^D^e^f^eⁿ^s^e^{........................}¹⁶^.³⁶³¹⁷^.³³¹¹⁸^.⁷⁴⁵¹⁹^.⁸⁸³²⁰^.³⁵⁷¹⁹^.⁹¹⁸
³^Iⁿ^c^o^m^e^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^{.........................}¹⁴^.⁴⁷⁹¹⁵^.⁵⁴⁹¹⁵^.⁴⁹¹¹⁴^.⁵²⁵¹⁴^.⁰³¹¹³^.³²³
⁴^M^e^dⁱ^c^a^r^e^{...............................}¹¹^.⁶⁶⁷¹¹^.⁴⁷⁹¹¹^.⁵⁴⁷¹¹^.⁷⁴⁷¹²^.⁰⁸³¹²^.⁴²⁵
⁵^H^e^a^l^t^h^{.................................}⁹^.²⁴⁶⁹^.⁷⁷³¹⁰^.¹⁶⁵¹⁰^.⁴⁷²¹⁰^.¹³²⁹^.⁵¹⁵
⁶^N^e^t^Iⁿ^t^e^r^e^s^t^{.............................}¹¹^.⁰⁶⁵⁸^.⁵⁰⁰⁷^.⁰⁸⁶⁶^.⁹⁸⁸⁷^.⁴⁴¹⁸^.⁵³⁶
⁷^E^d^.^,^T^r^aⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^,^E^m^p^l^.^aⁿ^d^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^......³^.⁰⁶⁷³^.⁵⁰⁸³^.⁸²²³^.⁸³⁵³^.⁸⁸⁰⁴^.³⁸⁷
⁸^T^r^aⁿ^s^p^o^r^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{..........................}²^.⁹²²³^.⁰⁷⁵³^.¹⁰⁵²^.⁸¹⁸²^.⁷⁵⁵²^.⁶⁶⁷
⁹^V^e^t^e^r^aⁿ^s^B^eⁿ^e^fⁱ^t^s^Aⁿ^d^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^{.............}²^.⁴¹⁷²^.⁵³⁵²^.⁶⁴⁰²^.⁶⁰⁷²^.⁸³⁸²^.⁶³¹
¹⁰^C^o^m^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^Aⁿ^d^R^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^D^e^v^e^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t^......⁰^.⁶³²⁰^.⁶⁴⁵⁰^.⁸⁷³⁰^.⁶⁹⁰¹^.⁰²²²^.⁰³¹
¹¹^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^O^f^J^u^s^tⁱ^c^e^{..................}¹^.⁶²¹¹^.⁷⁴³¹^.⁶³⁶¹^.⁹⁸⁸¹^.³⁹⁶¹^.³³⁷
¹²^N^a^t^u^r^a^l^R^e^s^o^u^r^c^e^s^Aⁿ^d^Eⁿ^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^.........¹^.³⁷⁵¹^.⁴⁶⁵¹^.³⁷⁵¹^.³⁴⁰¹^.¹⁴⁰¹^.²⁴⁵
¹³^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s^{......................}⁰^.⁸⁸⁵¹^.¹¹¹⁰^.⁹⁸²¹^.¹⁷³¹^.³⁸⁹¹^.¹¹¹
¹⁴^A^g^rⁱ^c^u^l^t^u^r^e^{.............................}¹^.⁴⁰⁹¹^.⁰⁹²¹^.⁰⁴¹⁰^.⁶⁷³¹^.¹⁵⁰¹^.⁰⁵¹
¹⁵^G^eⁿ^e^ral^S^cⁱ^eⁿ^ce,^S^p^ace,^Aⁿ^d^T^ec^hnolog^y^.....¹^.⁰⁶²¹^.⁰³³⁰^.⁹⁶⁶¹^.⁰⁰⁵⁰^.⁸²⁸⁰^.⁷⁶²
¹⁶^G^eⁿ^e^r^a^l^G^o^v^e^rⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{.....................}⁰^.⁷⁶⁶⁰^.⁸⁴²¹^.⁰⁶⁷⁰^.⁹⁷³⁰^.⁷⁰⁶⁰^.⁷¹¹
¹⁷^C^o^m^m^e^r^c^e^Aⁿ^d^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^C^r^e^dⁱ^t^{.............}⁰^.³⁰⁸^-⁰^.⁰²⁰⁰^.⁰³⁴⁰^.²³⁰⁰^.³⁰²⁰^.²²⁹
¹⁸^Eⁿ^e^r^g^y^{................................}⁰^.⁰⁰⁰⁰^.⁰²⁴^-⁰^.⁰³⁴^-⁰^.⁰⁰⁷⁰^.⁰¹⁶⁰^.⁰²⁸
¹⁹^Un^dⁱ^strib^u^t^ed^Of^f^s^ettin^g^Receip^t^s^...........^-²^.⁵²³^-²^.³⁵⁶^-²^.⁵¹⁸^-²^.⁵⁵³^-²^.⁶³⁹^-²^.⁵⁷¹
^T^o^t^a^l^{..................................}^100.0^100.0^100.0^100.0^100.0^100.0
⁽^S^e^e^ta^ble^note^s^a^t^the^e^{nd of}^r^e^por^t.)

Table 5. Federal Outlays by Budget Function in Percent of GDP,
FY2001-FY2006, Ranked by Percent of GDP in FY2006
^Fuⁿ^c^tⁱ^oⁿ²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶
¹^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^{..........................}⁴^.^305%^4.394%^4.393%^4.292%^4.258%^4.200%
²^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^D^e^f^eⁿ^s^e^{........................}³^.⁰³¹³^.³⁵⁹³^.⁷⁴⁷³^.⁹⁴⁹⁴^.⁰⁹⁴⁴^.⁰⁴⁹
³^Iⁿ^c^o^m^e^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^{.........................}²^.⁶⁸²³^.⁰¹³³^.⁰⁹⁷²^.⁸⁸⁵²^.⁸²²²^.⁷⁰⁸
⁴^M^e^dⁱ^c^a^r^e^{...............................}²^.¹⁶¹²^.²²⁵²^.³⁰⁸²^.³³³²^.⁴³⁰²^.⁵²⁶
⁵^H^e^a^l^t^h^{.................................}¹^.⁷¹³¹^.⁸⁹⁴²^.⁰³²²^.⁰⁸⁰²^.⁰³⁸¹^.⁹³⁴
⁶^N^e^t^Iⁿ^t^e^r^e^s^t^{.............................}²^.⁰⁵⁰¹^.⁶⁴⁷¹^.⁴¹⁷¹^.³⁸⁸¹^.⁴⁹⁶¹^.⁷³⁵
⁷^E^d^.^,^T^r^aⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^,^E^m^p^l^.^aⁿ^d^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^......⁰^.⁵⁶⁸⁰^.⁶⁸⁰⁰^.⁷⁶⁴⁰^.⁷⁶²⁰^.⁷⁸⁰⁰^.⁸⁹²
⁸^T^r^aⁿ^s^p^o^r^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{..........................}⁰^.⁵⁴¹⁰^.⁵⁹⁶⁰^.⁶²¹⁰^.⁵⁶⁰⁰^.⁵⁵⁴⁰^.⁵⁴²
⁹^V^e^t^e^r^aⁿ^s^B^eⁿ^e^fⁱ^t^s^Aⁿ^d^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^{.............}⁰^.⁴⁴⁸⁰^.⁴⁹¹⁰^.⁵²⁸⁰^.⁵¹⁸⁰^.⁵⁷¹⁰^.⁵³⁵
¹⁰^C^o^m^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^Aⁿ^d^R^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^D^e^v^e^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t^......⁰^.¹¹⁷⁰^.¹²⁵⁰^.¹⁷⁴⁰^.¹³⁷⁰^.²⁰⁶⁰^.⁴¹³
¹¹^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^O^f^J^u^s^tⁱ^c^e^{..................}⁰^.³⁰⁰⁰^.³³⁸⁰^.³²⁷⁰^.³⁹⁵⁰^.²⁸¹⁰^.²⁷²
¹²^N^a^t^u^r^a^l^R^e^s^o^u^r^c^e^s^Aⁿ^d^Eⁿ^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^.........⁰^.²⁵⁵⁰^.²⁸⁴⁰^.²⁷⁵⁰^.²⁶⁶⁰^.²²⁹⁰^.²⁵³
¹³^Iⁿ^t^e^rⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s^{......................}⁰^.¹⁶⁴⁰^.²¹⁵⁰^.¹⁹⁶⁰^.²³³⁰^.²⁷⁹⁰^.²²⁶
¹⁴^A^g^rⁱ^c^u^l^t^u^r^e^{.............................}⁰^.²⁶¹⁰^.²¹²⁰^.²⁰⁸⁰^.¹³⁴⁰^.²³¹⁰^.²¹⁴
¹⁵^G^eⁿ^e^ral^S^cⁱ^eⁿ^ce,^S^p^ace,^Aⁿ^d^T^ec^hnolog^y^.....⁰^.¹⁹⁷⁰^.²⁰⁰⁰^.¹⁹³⁰^.²⁰⁰⁰^.¹⁶⁷⁰^.¹⁵⁵
¹⁶^G^eⁿ^e^r^a^l^G^o^v^e^rⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{.....................}⁰^.¹⁴²⁰^.¹⁶³⁰^.²¹³⁰^.¹⁹³⁰^.¹⁴²⁰^.¹⁴⁴
¹⁷^C^o^m^m^e^r^c^e^Aⁿ^d^H^o^u^sⁱⁿ^g^C^r^e^dⁱ^t^{.............}⁰^.⁰⁵⁷^-⁰^.⁰⁰⁴⁰^.⁰⁰⁷⁰^.⁰⁴⁶⁰^.⁰⁶¹⁰^.⁰⁴⁷
¹⁸^Eⁿ^e^r^g^y^{................................}⁰^.⁰⁰⁰⁰^.⁰⁰⁵^-⁰^.⁰⁰⁷^-⁰^.⁰⁰¹⁰^.⁰⁰³⁰^.⁰⁰⁶
¹⁹^Un^dⁱ^strib^u^t^ed^Of^f^s^ettin^g^Receip^t^s^...........^-⁰^.⁴⁶⁷^-⁰^.⁴⁵⁷^-⁰^.⁵⁰³^-⁰^.⁵⁰⁷^-⁰^.⁵³¹^-⁰^.⁵²³
^T^o^t^a^l^{..............................}^18.525^19.380^19.991^19.860^20.110^20.327
⁽^S^e^e^ta^ble^note^s^a^t^the^e^{nd of}^r^e^por^t.)

Notes on the Tables
Tables 1 and 2
The negative outlays (shown for several agencies and for offsetting receipts)
near the bottom of these two tables generally represent fees, charges, proprietary
receipts from the public (such as loan repayments; interest; or sale of property,
products, or services), or intra-governmental transactions (such as payments by
federal agencies into federal employee retirement accounts, payments from one
agency to another, or the intra-governmental payment of interest). The accounts for
some agencies may be credited with more income than with outlays, producing
negative outlays.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) includes Medicare,
Medicaid, and other social support programs. Defense (military) includes only
military defense programs; civilian defense programs are shown separately. Treasury
spending includes total federal interest payments on the public debt and the IRS, as⁹
well as other activities.
The All Other category includes spending for the multitude of agencies with
very small budgets. These small agencies include the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation, the United States Institute of Peace, the National Mediation Board, and
the Marine Mammal Commission, among numerous others.
Tables 3 and 4
The budget functions shown in Tables 3 and 4 are the standard budget functions
used in the budget by the Administration and in the congressional budget resolution.
The components of the largest budget functions are mostly self — explanatory.
Defense is mostly the Department of Defense; Social Security is the Social Security
program; Net interest is a measure of federal interest payments to the public; Income
security includes unemployment compensation, food and nutrition assistance, and
federal civilian and military retirement; Medicare is the Medicare program; and
Health includes the Medicaid program, as well as other federal health spending.
General
The data in this report are from the Budget of the United States Government for
Fiscal Year 2007 (February 2006) and the Final Monthly Treasury Statement of
Receipts and Outlays of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2006 (FTMS;
September 2006) from the Department of the Treasury. Data for the functional tables

⁹ The overwhelming part of the billions spent by the Treasury ($464.3 billion in 2006) is
spent on interest on the public debt ($405.9 billion in 2006). Of the 17.5% of total outlays
coming from the Treasury, 15.3% of total outlays came from gross interest on the public
debt. Net interest, shown in all the tables, subtracts from gross interest both the intra-
governmental payment of interest and payments of interest by the public to the government.
Net interest was $226.6 billion and 8.5% of total outlays in 2006.

were taken from the Historical Tables volume of OMB’s 2007 budget documents and
the FMTS for 2006.
The 2006 function data in this report used revised function data made available
in November 2006 by the Treasury . The revised data corrected errors that appeared
in the function table (Table 9) published in the FMTS for 2006 (in the September
2006 issue). The revised data included slightly larger total outlays and very slightly
smaller total receipts. Outlays were larger by almost $500 million, less than 0.02%
of the original total outlays. Receipts were smaller by $6 million, only 0.002% below
the original receipt total. The revised outlay total was used to calculate the
percentage shares of spending by agency and by function. It had an insignificant
effect on the spending by agency as a percentage of total outlays, compared to the
original outlay total.
Additional detail on the programs within the departments and agencies and the
budget functions can be found in the annual budget documents issued by OMB. The
data in the tables are internally consistent based on the data from OMB. If the tables
in this report are compared to similar data from other years’ budget documents they
may not match because of the revisions that the government makes in its budgetary
accounting and its accounts over time.