Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other Agencies During the 106th Congress, 1999-2000

CRS Report for Congress
Presidential Appointments to Full-time Positions
in Independent and Other Agencies During the
th
106 Congress, 1999–2000
Updated June 4, 2001
Rogelio Garcia
Specialist in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Henry B. Hogue
Analyst, American National Government
Government and Finance Division

Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in
Independent and Other Agencies During the 106^th
Congress, 1999–2000
Summary
This report provides information on 120 full-time positions requiring Senate
confirmation in 25 independent executive agencies, six units in the Executive Office
of the President, six multilateral banking agencies, and four legislative branch
agencies. It does not cover appointments to cabinet departments or independent
regulatory and other collegial boards and commissions.
During the 106^th Congress, President Clinton submitted 37 nominations to full-
time positions requiring Senate confirmation. The Senate confirmed 28 of the
nominations and returned seven at the end of the Congress. The President withdrew
two of his nominations and made eight recess appointments. On average, the Senate
took 121 days to confirm a nomination from the time it was received.¹ Overall, 16
nominations were confirmed under the 121 day average and 12 were confirmed over
the 121 day average. The length of time for confirmation of individual nominations
varied considerably, with eight taking under 60 days and seven taking over 150 days.
The shortest confirmation took eight days, while the longest took 288 days.
Information provided in this report was compiled from the LEGIS nominations
database in the Senate Computer Center, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents, telephone discussions with agency officials, and two federal agency
directories.²

¹Senate August recesses and the recess between sessions were not included in this calculation.
The Senate was in recess from Aug. 6 through Sept. 7, 1999 (33 days), from Nov. 20, 1999
through Jan. 23, 2000 (65 days), and from July 28 through Sept. 4, 2000 (39 days).
²Carroll Publishing, Carroll’s Federal Directory: January/February 2001 (Bethesda, MD:
Carroll Publishing, 2000); CQ Press, 2000/Fall Federal Staff Directory, 34^th ed.
(Washington: CQ Press, 2000).

Contents
Introduction ................................................ 1
The Appointments Process.....................................2
Recess Appointments.........................................3
Temporary Appointments.....................................4
Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees...................4
Nominees and Appointees to Individual Agencies....................7
Introduction ................................................ 1
The Appointments Process.....................................2
Recess Appointments.........................................3
Temporary Appointments.....................................4
Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees...................4
Nominees and Appointees to Individual Agencies....................7
List of Tables
Table 1. Nomination and Appointment Action,
106^th Congress..............................................1
Table 2. Nominations Confirmed and
Average Days to Confirm, By Agency Type........................2
Table 3. Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees
During the 106^th Congress.....................................5
Table 4. Number of Positions, Nominations, and Appointments ^th
During the 106 Congress, by Agency Grouping....................6
Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies......................................8
Table 6. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in the Executive Office of the President..........................22
Table 7. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Multilateral Organizations..................................26
Table 8. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Legislative Branch Agencies.................................29
Agency Abbreviations...........................................31

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions in Independent and
th
Other Agencies During the 106 Congress,
1999-2000
Introduction
This report lists 120 full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation in 37
organizations in the executive branch (25 independent agencies, six agencies in the
Executive Office of the President (EOP), and six multilateral banking organizations),
and four agencies in the legislative branch.³ The report also covers all nominations
submitted by the President to the Senate for confirmation to positions in these^t^h
agencies, and the action taken on the nominations. During the 106 Congress,
President Clinton submitted 37 nominations. Of these nominations, the Senate
confirmed 28 (75.7%) and returned seven (18.9%). The President withdrew two
nominations and made eight recess appointments.
Table 1. Nomination and Appointment Action,
106^th Congress
Nominations submitted37
Nominations confirmed28
Nominations returned7
Nominations withdrawn2
Recess appointments8

³For information and data on appointments during the 106^th Congress to positions in the
executive departments, regulatory bodies, and federal judiciary, see the following reports: U.S.
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-^th
Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 106 Congress, 1999-2000, by Rogelio
Garcia, CRS Report RL30524 (Washington: Mar. 26, 2001); U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on^t^h
Regulatory and other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 106 Congress, by Rogelio
Garcia, CRS Report RL30476 (Washington: Mar. 21, 2001); U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Judicial nominations by President Clinton during the

103rd-106th Congresses, by Denis Steven Rutkus CRS Report 98-510 GOV (Washington:

Feb. 21, 2001).

On average, the Senate took 121 days to confirm a nomination from the time it
was received.⁴ Overall, 16 nominations were confirmed under and 12 over the 121
day average. The length of time for confirmation of individual nominations varied
considerably, with eight taking under 60 days, and seven taking over 150 days. The
shortest confirmation took eight days, while the longest took 288 days.
Table 2. Nominations Confirmed and
Average Days to Confirm, By Agency Type
Nominations
Average
Confirmednumber of
days to
confirm
Independent agencies18129.4
Agencies in EOP688
Multilateral agencies4132.5
Agencies in legislative0n. a.
branch
Total28121
The Appointments Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers
of the United States.⁵ The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint
the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the
appointments process – nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
In the nomination or first stage, the President selects the nominee and sends the
nomination to the Senate. For positions located within a state (U.S. attorney, U.S.
marshal, and U.S. district judge), the President, by custom, normally nominates an
individual recommended by the Senator or Senators from that state, if they are from
the same party as the President. If neither Senator is from the same party, the
President normally defers to the recommendations of party leaders from the state.
Occasionally, the President solicits recommendations from Senators from the
opposition party when they hold key Senate positions. Before making a nomination,
whether at the state or national level, the President must consider how it will fare in
the confirmation process.

⁴Senate August recesses and the recess between sessions were not included in this calculation.
The Senate was in recess from Aug. 6 through Sept. 7, 1999 (33 days), from Nov. 20, 1999
through Jan. 23, 2000 (65 days), and from July 28 through Sept. 4, 2000 (39 days).
⁵A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in Louis
Fisher, “Appointment Powers,” in his Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the^th
President, 4 ed. (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 1997), pp. 22-48.

A nomination to a position does not give the nominee legal authority to assume
the duties and responsibilities of the position. That authority comes only after the
nominee is confirmed and appointed. While awaiting confirmation, a nominee often
is hired as a consultant and may act only in an advisory capacity.
In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone determines whether to
approve or disapprove a nomination. How the Senate acts on a nomination depends
largely on the importance of the position involved, the nominee’s views, and existing
political circumstances. Generally, the Senate is particularly concerned with the
nominee's views and how he or she is likely to affect public policy.⁶ How closely the
nominee's personal and professional qualities are examined will normally depend on
the importance of the position, the nominee’s possible or likely influence on public
policy, and the possible or likely effect on constituent interests.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, no President can safely assume
that all of his nominees will be approved routinely. Rarely, however, does a rejection
occur on the Senate floor. Nearly all rejections occur in committee, either by
committee vote or committee inaction. Rejections in committee occur for a variety
of reasons, including: opposition to the nomination; an inadequate amount of time for
consideration of the nomination; or factors that may have nothing to do with the
merits of the nomination.
The first two stages of the appointment process may be summarized by the
observation that, while the President proposes, the Senate disposes. In the third or
final stage, the confirmed nominee is given a commission signed by the President, with
the seal of the United States affixed thereto, and is sworn into office. At that point,
he or she has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The appointment process also enables the President to make an appointment
without the need for it to be confirmed by the Senate when that body is in recess,
either during a session (intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions
(intersession recess appointment). Recess appointments expire at the end of the next
session of Congress.⁷ The President generally submits a nomination for a regular
appointment following a recess appointment.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed certain restrictions on the
President's authority to make a recess appointment. Under 5 U.S.C. 5503(a), if the
position to which the President makes a recess appointment fell vacant while the
Senate was in session, the appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he or she
is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply: (1) if the vacancy
arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for the office
(other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during the

⁶G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: The Free
Press, 1981), pp. 97-189.
⁷U.S. Constitution, Article II, Section 2, clause 3.

preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination was
rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual is given
the recess appointment. A recess appointee falling under any one of these three
exceptions must be nominated not later than 40 days after the beginning of the next
session of the Senate. For this reason, when a recess appointment is made, the
President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee even when an old
nomination is pending.
Temporary Appointments
Congress has also provided limited statutory authority for the temporary filling
of vacant positions requiring Senate confirmation. Under the Federal Vacancies
Reform Act of 1998,⁸ an advice and consent position in an executive agency that
becomes vacant may be filled temporarily in one of three ways: (1) the first assistant
to such a position automatically assumes the functions and duties of the office; (2) the
President directs an officer in any agency who has been confirmed by the Senate to
perform those tasks; or (3) the President selects any officer or employee of the subject
agency who is at least at the GS-15 level and who has been with the agency for at
least 90 of the preceding 365 days. The temporary appointment is for 210 days, but
the time restriction is suspended if a first or second nomination for the position is
pending. In addition, during a presidential transition, the 210-day restriction period
does not begin to run until either 90 days after the President assumes office, or 90
days after the vacancy occurs, whichever is later. The act does not apply to positions
on multi-headed regulatory boards and commissions and to certain other specific
positions which may be filled temporarily under other statutory provisions.
Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees
Table 3 lists, in alphabetical order, all nominees/appointees to positions in the 25
independent executive agencies, six units in the Executive Office of the President, six
multilateral banking organizations, and four agencies in the legislative branch, with
nomination and confirmation information. The “confirmed” column notes whether the
nomination was confirmed, withdrawn, returned, or rejected.
The “Days to confirm” column indicates the number of days the Senate took to
confirm the nominee from the time the nomination was received in the Senate. On
average, the Senate took 121 days to confirm a nomination after receiving it. Senate
August recesses and the recess between sessions were not included in this calculation.
The Senate was in recess from August 6 through September 7, 1999 (33 days), from
November 20, 1999 through January 23, 2000 (65 days), and from July 28 through
September 4, 2000 (39 days).
Table 4 summarizes, by agency grouping, the number of positions, the number
of nominations submitted by the President, and the disposition of those nominations
during the 106^th Congress.

⁸P.L. 105-277, Division C, sec. 151; 112 Stat. 2681-611; 5 U.S.C. 3354-3359d.

Table 3. Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees
During the 106^th Congress
^{Days to}
^{Nominee/Appointee}^Position^Agency^a^Nominated^Confirmed^confirm
^{James V. Aidala}^b^{Assistant Administrator}^EPA^03/07/00^{Returned 12/15/00}
^{J. Brady Anderson}^{Administrator}^USAID^05/27/99^07/30/99⁶⁴
^{Martin N. Baily}^Member^EOP/CEA^07/28/99^08/05/99⁸
^{Charles R. Barnes}^Director^FMCS^01/14/99^11/10/99²⁶⁷
^{Joseph Bordogna}^{Deputy Director}^NSF^02/08/99^05/06/99⁸⁷
^{Barry E. Carter}^{Assistant Administrator}^USAID^05/11/00^12/15/00¹⁷⁹
^{Amy L. Comstock}^Director^OGE^10/08/99^10/26/00²⁸⁰
^{Joseph R. Crapa}^{Assistant Administrator}^USAID^10/01/99^11/19/99⁴⁹
^{G. Edward DeSeve}^{Deputy Director}^EOP/OMB^02/12/99^{Withdrawn 07/01/99}
^{N. Cinnamon Dornsife}^{U.S. Director}^AsDB^10/29/99^05/24/00¹⁴³
^{Susan G. Esserman}^{Deputy Trade Rep.}^EOP/OUSTR^01/06/99^04/21/99¹⁰⁵
^{Timothy Fields, Jr.}^{Assistant Administrator}^EPA^01/06/99^07/01/99¹⁷⁶
^{Phyllis K. Fong}^{Inspector General}^SBA^01/06/99^03/17/99⁷⁰
^{George T. Frampton, Jr.}^c^Member^EOP/CEQ^02/23/99^{Returned 12/15/00}
^{Gregory M. Frazier}^c^{Chief Agricultural}^EOP/OUSTR^10/19/00^{Returned 12/15/00}
^Negotiator
^{Joshua Gotbaum}^Controller^EOP/OMB^09/14/99^11/10/99⁵⁷
^{Gary S. Guzy}^{General Counsel}^EPA^01/14/99^07/01/99¹⁶⁸
^{William A. Halter}^{Deputy Commissioner}^SSA^10/01/99^11/10/99⁴⁰
^{Lawrence Harrington}^{U.S. Executive Director}^IADB^03/02/99^11/10/99²²⁰
^{James G. Huse, Jr.}^{Inspector General}^SSA^07/28/99^11/10/99⁷²
^{Willene A. Johnson}^{U.S. Director}^AfDB^09/08/99^11/10/99⁶³
^{Sally Katzen}^c^{Deputy Director}^EOP/OMB^07/01/99^{Returned 12/15/00}
^{Robert Z. Lawrence}^Member^EOP/CEA^06/07/99^08/05/99⁵⁹
^{Edwin A. Levine}^b^{Assistant Administrator}^EPA^12/15/00^{Returned 12/15/00}
^{Margrethe Lundsager}^{U.S. Alternate Executive}^IMF^07/25/00^12/15/00¹⁰⁴
^Director
^{W. Michael McCabe}^b^{Deputy Administrator}^EPA^11/16/99^{Returned 12/15/00}
^{John E. McLaughlin}^{Deputy Director}^CIA^07/13/00^10/18/00⁵⁸
^{Everett L. Mosley}^{Inspector General}^USAID^06/30/00^12/15/00¹²⁹
^{Anthony Musick}^{Chief Financial Officer}^CNCS^07/01/99^11/19/99¹⁰⁸
^{Donald L. Pressley}^{Assistant Administrator}^USAID^05/10/99^07/01/99⁵²

^{Days to}
^{Nominee/Appointee}^Position^Agency^a^Nominated^Confirmed^confirm
^{Myrta K. Sale}^Controller^EOP/OMB^01/07/99^{Withdrawn 05/26/99}
^{Mark L. Schneider}^b^Director^PC^11/09/99^10/26/00²⁴⁸
^{Kathryn Shaw}^Member^EOP/CEA^11/17/99^05/24/00¹²⁴
^{James M. Simon, Jr.}^{Assistant Director}^CIA^01/06/99^03/02/99⁵⁵
^{John T. Spotila}^{Administrator (OIRA)}^EOP/OMB^01/07/99^07/01/99¹⁷⁵
^{Donald R. Vereen, Jr.}^{Deputy Director}^EOP/ONDCP^11/10/99^{Returned 12/15/00}
^{Ella Wong-Rusinko}^b^{Alternate Federal}^ARC^03/23/00^12/15/00²²⁸
^Cochairman
^{Average number of days to confirm nomination}^121.0
^a^{Agency abbreviations are found in Table 9, on page 31.}
^b^{Recess appointment also made. See Table 5, under agency name.}
^c^{Recess appointment also made. See Table 6, under agency name.}
Table 4. Number of Positions, Nominations, and Appointments
During the 106^th Congress, by Agency Grouping
^Recess
^Positions^Nominated^Confirmed^Returned^Withdrawn^appointees
^Independent
^agencies⁸¹²¹¹⁸³⁰⁵
^{Executive Office}
^{of the President}²⁵¹²⁶⁴²³
^Multilateral
^units⁹⁴⁴⁰⁰⁰
^Legislative
^agencies⁵⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰
^Total¹²⁰³⁷²⁸⁷²⁸

Nominees and Appointees to Individual Agencies
The following pages present data on the full-time positions requiring Senate
confirmation in each of the 25 independent executive agencies, six units within the
Executive Office of the President, six multilateral banking organizations, and four
legislative branch agencies. The data include the names of incumbents in those
positions as of the end of 2000, as well as the nominees and appointees to those
positions for the years 1999-2000. The tables also include the level of the executive
schedule at which the position holder is compensated.⁹
This report focuses on the nomination and confirmation process. Information
concerning position incumbents, which is also included, is drawn from nomination and
confirmation data supplemented by information from two federal agency directories.¹⁰
Where information from the two directories was in conflict, the information from
Carroll’s Federal Directory, which was more consistent with data from the Senate
nominations database, was used. Under the Vacancies Act, vacant positions can be
filled either by the first assistant of the previous occupant of the office or through
appointment by the President. Tables 5 - 8 present the best information available
about the final incumbent for each of these positions at the close of the 106^t^h
Congress.

⁹As of December, 2000, executive schedule positions were compensated as follows: level I,
$157,000; level II, $141,300; level III, $130,200; level IV, $122,400; level V $114,500. For
salaries as of January, 2001, please see U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research
Service, Salaries of Federal Officials: A Fact Sheet, by Sharon S. Gressle, CRS Report 98-

53 GOV (Washington: Jan. 18, 2001).

¹⁰Carroll Publishing, Carroll’s Federal Directory: January/February 2001 (Bethesda, MD:
Carroll Publishing, 2000); CQ Press, 2000/Fall Federal Staff Directory, 34^t^h ed.
(Washington: CQ Press, 2000).

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies
APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Ella Wong-RusinkoAlternate Federal03/23/0012/15/00228
Co-Chairman
Ella Wong-RusinkoAlternate FederalRecess Appointment 8/3/00
Co-Chairman
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Federal Co-ChairmanJesse L. White, Jr.III
Alternate Federal Co-ChairmanElla Wong-RusinkoIV

5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
James M. Simon, Jr.Assistant Director01/06/9903/02/9955
John E. McLaughlinDeputy Director07/13/0010/18/0058
Average number of days to confirm a nomination56.5
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Director^aGeorge J. TenetII
Deputy Director^aJohn E. McLaughlinIII
Deputy Director^a - Community ManagementJoan A. DempseyIII
Assistant Director - AdministrationJames M. Simon, Jr.IV
Assistant Director - Analysis and ProductionActing officialIV
Assistant Director - CollectionsActing officialIV
General CounselRobert M. McNamara, Jr.IV
Inspector GeneralL. Britt SniderIV
^a Not more than one of the individuals serving in the positions of Director or Deputy Director may be a
commissioned officer of the Armed Forces, whether in active or retired status (50 U.S.C. 403(c)(1)(A)).

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Anthony MusickChief Financial Officer07/01/9911/19/99108
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
President and Chief Executive OfficerHarris WoffordIII
Chief Financial OfficerAnthony MusickIV
Inspector GeneralLuise S. JordanIV
Managing DirectorActing officialIV
Managing Director - Domestic Volunteer ProgramsActing officialIV
____________________________________________________________________________________________
COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Director^aJasper Ormond (A)IV
^aSix-year term; incumbent may be removed from office prior to the expiration of term only for
neglect of duty, malfeasance in office, or other good cause shown. (District of Columbia Code

24-1233(b)(1). The agency became operational on August 5, 2000.

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
James V. AidalaAsst. Admin. - Toxic Substances03/07/00Returned 12/15/00
James V. AidalaAsst. Admin. - Toxic SubstancesRecess Appointment 12/21/00
Timothy Fields, Jr.Asst. Admin. - Office of Solid Waste01/06/9907/01/99176
Gary S. GuzyGeneral Counsel01/14/9907/01/99168
Edwin A. LevineAsst. Admin. - Environmental Info.12/15/00Returned 12/15/00
Edwin A. LevineAsst. Admin. - Environmental Info.Recess Appointment 12/21/00
W. Michael McCabeDeputy Administrator11/16/99Returned 12/15/00
W. Michael McCabeDeputy AdministratorRecess Appointment 8/3/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination172
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
AdministratorCarol M. BrownerII
Deputy AdministratorW. Michael McCabeIII
Assistant Administrator - Administration ResourcesRomulo L. Diaz, Jr.IV
Assistant Administrator - Air and RadiationRobert W. PerciasepeIV
Assistant Administrator - Enforcement and ComplianceSteven A. HermanIV
Assistant Administrator - Environmental InformationEdwin A. LevineIV
Assistant Administrator - International ActivitiesWilliam A. NitzeIV
Assistant Administrator - Pesticides and Toxic SubstancesJames V. AidalaIV
Assistant Administrator - Research and Development Norine E. NoonanIV
Assistant Administrator - Office of Solid WasteTimothy Fields, Jr.IV
Assistant Administrator - WaterJ. Charles FoxIV
Chief Financial OfficerMichael W. S. Ryan (A)IV
General CounselGary S. GuzyIV
Inspector GeneralNikki L. TinsleyIV

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorJames L. WittII
Deputy DirectorActing officialIV
Administrator - Federal Insurance AdministrationJo Ann J. HowardIV
Administrator - U.S. Fire AdministrationCarrye B. BrownIV
Associate Director - MitigationMichael J. ArmstrongIV
Associate Director - Preparedness/Training/ExercisesKay C. GossIV
Inspector GeneralGeorge J. OpferIV
FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Charles R. BarnesDirector01/14/9911/10/99267
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorCharles R. BarnesIII

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
AdministratorDavid J. BarramIII
Inspector GeneralWilliam R. BartonIV
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
AdministratorDaniel S. GoldinII
Deputy AdministratorActing officialIII
Chief Financial OfficerArnold G. HolzIV
Inspector GeneralRoberta L. GrossIV

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Archivist^aJohn W. CarlinIII
^a The President may remove the Archivist at any time, but must communicate the
reasons for such removal to Congress (44 U.S.C. 2103).
NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Chair - National Endowment for the Arts^aWilliam J. IveyIII
Chair - National Endowment for the^bWilliam R. FerrisIII
Humanities
Director - Institute of Museum ServicesBeverly Sheppard (A)V
^a Term of office is four years; when term expires, incumbent may remain in office until a successor
is appointed (20 U.S.C. 954(b)). Ivey’s term expires May 20, 2002.^b
Term of office is four years; when term expires, incumbent may remain in office until a successor
is appointed (20 U.S.C. 956(b)). Ferris’ term expires Nov. 8, 2001.

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Joseph BordognaDeputy Director02/08/9905/06/9987
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Director^aRita R. ColwellII
Deputy DirectorJoseph BordognaIII
^a Term of office is six years, but the President may remove the incumbent at any time.
The incumbent must leave office when term expires (42 U.S.C. 1864(a)). Colwell’s
term expires May 21, 2004.
OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Amy L. ComstockDirector10/08/9910/26/00280
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Director^aAmy L. ComstockIII
^a Term of office is five years; the incumbent must leave office when the term expires
(5 U.S.C. Appendix, 401). Comstock was appointed Nov. 3, 2000.

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Director^aJanice R. LachanceII
Deputy DirectorJohn U. SepulvedaIII
Inspector GeneralPatrick E. McFarlandIV
^a Term of office is four years, but the President may remove the incumbent at any time.
The incumbent must leave office when term expires (5 U.S.C. 1102(a)). Lachance’s
term expires Nov. 8, 2001.
OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Special Counsel^aElaine D. KaplanV
^a Term of office is five years; incumbent may continue to serve for one year after his
or her term expires. The President may remove incumbent from office only for
inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office (5 U.S.C. 1211(b)). Kaplan’s
term expires Apr. 1, 2003.

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
PresidentGeorge MunozIII
Executive Vice PresidentKirk K. RobertsonIV
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Administrator^aAlberto Aleman ZubietV
^a Under the Panama Canal Treaty of 1979, the administrator is to be a citizen of
Panama, proposed by the Panamanian Government to the United States for
appointment by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
PEACE CORPS
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Mark L. SchneiderDirector11/09/9910/26/00248
Mark L. SchneiderDirectorRecess Appointment 12/22/99
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorMark L. SchneiderII
Deputy DirectorCharles R. Baquet IIIIV
SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorGil CoronadoIV

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Phyllis K. FongInspector General01/06/9903/17/9970
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
AdministratorAida AlvarezIII
Deputy AdministratorFred P. HochbergIV
Chief Counsel for AdvocacyJere W. GloverIV
Inspector GeneralPhyllis K. FongIV
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
William A. HalterDeputy Commissioner10/01/9911/10/9940
James G. Huse, Jr.Inspector General07/28/9911/10/9972
Average number of days to confirm a nomination56
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Commissioner^aKenneth S. ApfelI
Deputy Commissioner^bWilliam A. HalterII
Inspector GeneralJames G. HuseIV
^a Term of office is six years, but the term of the initial appointment (Apfel) ended Jan.
19, 2001. When a term expires, the incumbent may continue in office until a successor
is appointed. The President may remove an incumbent only for neglect of duty or
malfeasance in office (42 U.S.C. 902(a)).^b
Term of office is six years, but the term of the initial appointment (Halter) ended Jan
19, 2001 (42 U.S.C. 902(b)). There is no provision regarding removal or continuing
in office after a term expires.

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorJ. Joseph GrandmaisonIII

Table 5. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Independent Agencies (cont.)
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT^a
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
J. Brady AndersonAdministrator05/27/9907/30/9964
Barry E. CarterAsst. Admin. - Global/Program/Field05/11/0012/15/00179
Support/Research
Joseph R. CrapaAsst. Admin. - Legislative and Public Affairs10/01/9911/19/9949
Everett L. MosleyInspector General06/30/0012/15/00129
Donald L. PressleyAsst. Admin. - Europe and Eurasia05/10/9907/01/9952
Average number of days to confirm a nomination94.6
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
AdministratorJ. Brady AndersonII
Deputy AdministratorHarriet C. BabbittIII
Assistant Administrator - AfricaVivian Lowery DerryckIV
Assistant Administrator - Asia and Near EastRobert C. RandolphIV
Assistant Administrator - Europe and EurasiaDonald L. PressleyIV
Assistant Administrator - Global/Program/Field Support/ResearchBarry E. CarterIV
Assistant Administrator - Humanitarian ResponseHugh Q. ParmerIV
Assistant Administrator - Latin American and CaribbeanCarl H. Leonard (A)IV
Assistant Administrator - Legislative and Public AffairsJoseph R. CrapaIV
Assistant Administrator - ManagementRichard C. Nygard (A)IV
Assistant Administrator - Program and Policy CoordinationThomas H. FoxIV
Inspector GeneralEverett L. MosleyIV
^a The Foreign Affairs Restructuring Act of 1998, Division G of the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations
Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-277), abolished the United States International Development Cooperation Agency. The
United States Agency for International Development remains an independent agency, but the USAID director
is to report directly to the Secretary of State.

Table 6. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in the Executive Office of the President
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Martin N. BailyMember07/28/9908/05/998
Robert Z. LawrenceMember06/07/9908/05/9959
Kathryn ShawMember11/17/9905/24/00124
Average number of days to confirm a nomination63.7
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
ChairpersonMartin N. BailyII
MemberRobert Z. LawrenceIV
MemberKathryn ShawIV
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY^a
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
George T. Frampton, Jr.Member02/23/99Returned 12/15/00
George T. Frampton, Jr.MemberRecess Appointment 8/4/00
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
ChairpersonGeorge T. Frampton, Jr.II
^a P.L. 106-65, Title III, reduced the number of members on the council from three to
one.

Table 6. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in the Executive Office of the President (cont.)
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
G. Edward DeSeveDeputy Director02/12/99Withdrawn 07/01/99
Joshua GotbaumController-Office of Fed. Fin. Mgmt.09/14/9911/10/9957
Sally KatzenDeputy Director - Management07/01/99Returned 12/15/00
Sally KatzenDeputy Director - ManagementRecess Appointment 8/3/00
Myrta K. SaleController - Off. of Federal Fin. Mgmt.01/07/99Withdrawn 05/26/99
John T. SpotilaAdmin. - Off. of Inform. and Reg. Affrs.01/07/9907/01/99175
Average number of days to confirm a nomination116
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorJacob J. LewI
Deputy DirectorSylvia M. MathewsII
Deputy Director - ManagementSally KatzenII
Controller - Office of Federal Financial ManagementJoshua GotbaumIII
Administrator - Office of Federal Procurement PolicyKenneth J. Oscar (A)IV
Administrator - Office of Information and Regulatory AffairsJohn T. SpotilaIV

Table 6. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in the Executive Office of the President (cont.)
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Donald R. Vereen, Jr.Deputy Director11/10/99Returned 12/15/00
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorBarry R. McCaffreyI
Deputy DirectorActing officialIII
Deputy Director - Demand ReductionDaniel Schecter (A)III
Deputy Director - Supply ReductionRobert E. Brown (A)III
Deputy Director - State and LocalActing officialIII
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
DirectorNeal F. LaneII
Associate Director - EnvironmentRosina M. BierbaumIII
Associate Director - National Security and
International AffairsActing officialIII
Associate Director - ScienceArthur BienenstockIII
Associate Director - TechnologyDuncan T. MooreIII

Table 6. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in the Executive Office of the President (cont.)
OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Susan G. EssermanDeputy U.S. Trade Rep.01/06/9904/21/99105
Gregory M. FrazierChief Agricultural10/19/00Returned 12/15/00
Negotiator
Gregory M. FrazierChief AgriculturalRecess Appointment 12/21/00
Negotiator
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. Trade RepresentativeCharlene BarshefskyI
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativeRichard W. FisherIII
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativeRita HayesIII
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativeSusan G. EssermanIII
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativeGregory M. FrazierIII

Table 7. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Multilateral Organizations
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Willene A. JohnsonU.S. Director09/08/9911/10/9963
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. Director^aWillene A. JohnsonV
^a Term of office is five years; incumbent may continue in office when a term expires
until a successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. 290i-1(a)). Current term expires Nov. 10,

2004.

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
N. Cinnamon DornsifeU.S. Director10/29/995/24/00143
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. Executive DirectorN. Cinnamon DornsifeV

Table 7. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Multilateral Organizations (cont.)
EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. DirectorKaren Shepherdn. a.^a
^a The statutory basis for this position, 22 U.S.C. 290l-1, makes no provision regarding
the compensation of the position holder.
INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Lawrence HarringtonU.S. Executive Director03/02/9911/10/99220
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. Executive Director^aLawrence Harringtonn. a.^b
U. S. Alternate Executive Director^aActing officialn. a.^b
^a
Term of office is three years; incumbent may remain in office when a term expires
until a successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. 2831(b)). Harrington’s term expires Nov. 10,

2002.^b

The incumbent is not paid by the U.S. government (22 U.S.C. 283a(c)).

Table 7. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Multilateral Organizations (cont.)
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. Executive Director^aJan PiercyIV
U.S. Alternate Executive Director^aTodd Crawford (A)V
^a Term of office is two years; the incumbent may remain in office when a term expires
until a successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. 286a(a)).
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
MargretheU.S. Alternate07/25/0012/15/00104
LundsagerExecutive Director
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
U.S. Executive Director^aKarin LissakersIV
U.S. Alternate Executive Director^aMargrethe LundsagerV
^a Term of office is two years; the incumbent may remain in office when a term expires
until a successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. 286a(a)).

Table 8. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in Legislative Branch Agencies
ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Architect of the Capitol^aAlan M. HantmanIII
^a The Architect is appointed to a 10-year term; the current term expires Jan. 30, 2007.
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Comptroller General^aDavid M. WalkerII
Deputy Comptroller General^bActing officialIII
^a The Comptroller General is appointed to a 15-year term, with no hold-over provision
when the term expires. He may be removed before the term expires only by a joint
resolution of Congress, for permanent disability, inefficiency, neglect of duty,
malfeasance, or a felony or conduct involving moral turpitude (31 U.S.C. 703(e)(1)).
Walker’s term expires Oct. 20, 2013.^b
The term of the deputy comptroller general expires upon the appointment of a new
Comptroller General, or when a successor is appointed.

Table 8. Nominees and Appointees to Full-Time Positions
in the Legislative Branch (cont.)
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Public PrinterMichael F. DiMarioIV
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Appointment Action
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Positions and Incumbents in Agency
Position Incumbent Level
Librarian of CongressJames H. BillingtonIII

Agency Abbreviations
Appalachian Regional Commission
Central Intelligence Agency
Corporation for National and Community Service
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
General Services Administration
National Archives and Records Administration
Nation Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities
IMSInstitute of Museum Sciences
National Endowment for the Arts
National Endowment for the Humanities
National Science Foundation
Office of Government Ethics
Office of Personnel Management
Office of Special Counsel
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
Peace Corps
Panama Canal Commission
Small Business Administration
Social Security Administration
Selective Service System
Trade Development Agency
United States Agency for International Development
Council of Economic Advisers
Council on Environmental Quality
Office of Management and Budget
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Office of U.S. Trade Representative
African Development Bank
Asian Development Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Inter-American Development Bank
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Monetary Fund
Architect of the Capitol
General Accounting Office
Government Printing Office
Library of Congres