U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Roll Call Votes Since 1982

^Pr^ep^ar^{ed f}^o^r^M^e^m^b^ers^an^d^Com^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^C^ong^r^e^ss

This report summarizes selected congressional votes related to instances in which U.S. Armed
Forces have been sent abroad in potentially hostile situations. These votes reflect the type of
congressional actions that observers maintain bear directly on issues affecting policy and the
funding of troops abroad, often in the context of the War Powers Resolution, continued presence
or withdrawal of troops, and the “use of force.” The cases of Lebanon (1982-1983), Grenada
(1983), Panama (1989), the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991), Somalia (1992-1995), Haiti (1993-
1996), Bosnia (1992-1998), Kosovo (1999), the terrorist attack against America (2001) (including
the use of U.S. Armed Forces in Afghanistan), and the use of U.S. Armed Forces against Iraq
(2002-present) are examined. The roll call votes that are available online (since 1990 in the House
and 1989 in the Senate) are linked. This report will be updated as events or legislation warrant.

Introduc tion ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Report Content................................................................................................................................1
Lebanon (1982-1983)......................................................................................................................2
Grenada (1983)................................................................................................................................3
Panama (1989).................................................................................................................................4
Persian Gulf War (1990-1991).........................................................................................................4
Somalia (1992-1995).......................................................................................................................5
Haiti (1993-1996)............................................................................................................................9
Bosnia (1992-1998).......................................................................................................................12
Kosovo (1999)...............................................................................................................................19
Terrorist Attack Against America (2001).......................................................................................24
Use of Force Against Iraq (2002-2003).........................................................................................25
War in Iraq and Afghanistan (2003-present).................................................................................27
Sources Consulted.........................................................................................................................43
Author Contact Information..........................................................................................................44

The President and Congress have historically played different roles when sending U.S. troops into
hostile situations. The President has the power under Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution to
use the armed forces to repel attacks. Congress under Article I, Section 8, has the power to ¹
declare war and raise and support the armed forces. The War Powers Resolution was enacted to
ensure that the President and Congress share decisions where U.S. troops may become involved
in hostilities.
This sharing of power has often resulted in controversy, particularly when troops are sent into
situations where there has not been a formal declaration of war. In most instances, Congress has
used its legislative prerogatives through funding mechanisms or declarations of policy either to
affirm or to place limits on presidential action. In three instances, Congress has authorized the use
of military force in advance of hostilities: the Persian Gulf War (1991), military operations in
Afghanistan (2001), and the “use of force against Iraq” resolution (2002). In each case, however,
the President has maintained that while he may have sought congressional consultation and
support, the President has the constitutional authority as Commander in Chief to use force,
including the armed forces of the United States, to protect U.S. national security interests.

This report describes the congressional debate that often surrounds the issue of employing the
U.S. military abroad. Initially written in response to a congressional request for a list of votes on
this topic from 1982-1992, this report has been updated as needed since that time. The votes
included are those directly related to the use and funding of U.S. troops abroad, often in the
context of the War Powers Resolution, or to their continued presence or withdrawal.
The laws, bills, and resolutions below are listed in the chronological order of the votes that were
held. Links to the actual roll call votes are provided, when available (since 1990 in the House and

1989 in the Senate). These links include each Member’s yea or nay vote.

In some cases, House or Senate votes are voice votes, and, thus, no roll call vote exists.
Moreover, the ultimate disposition of amendments listed in the report (i.e., whether such
amendments were incorporated into any final law) may not be self-evident. In other instances,
only one chamber of Congress may have voted on a particular measure; for example, a House or
Senate simple resolution is a nonlegislative measure that expresses nonbinding opinions on
policies or issues and is effective only in the chamber in which it is proposed. It does not require
concurrence by the other chamber or approval by the President.

¹^P^.^L^.^93-¹⁴^{8, N}^o^v^e^m^b^e^r^{7, 19}^73.^For^m^o^r^e^de^ta^ile^{d c}^o^nte^x^tua^l^aⁿ^d^le^gⁱ^s^l^a^tiv^e^his^t^or^y^inf^o^r^m^a^{tion, s}^e^e^C^R^S^R^e^por^t
^R^L³²²⁶^7,^T^h^{e Wa}^{r P}^o^{wers Reso}^l^u^tion^:^Af^{ter T}^h^irty-F^o^u^r^Y^e^a^r^s^,^by^Ri^ch^ard^F^.^G^rⁱ^mmet^t^.

On September 29, 1982, President Reagan deployed 1,200 marines to serve as part of a
multinational observer force to restore the sovereignty of the Lebanese government. By March

30, 1984, the mission had ended.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S. 63}⁹^{Required the Pr}^{esident to seek st}^{atutory aut}^{hority for an}^y^Measur^e⁹⁸^th
^{(P.L. 98-43)}^substa^{ntial expa}^{nsion of U.S. participation in the multinational}^passed
^Lebanon^Eme^rgency^peacekeepi^{ng force in}^Leba^non.^Senate
^{Assistance Act of}^{May 2}^0,
¹⁹⁸³¹⁹⁸³
^{(voice vote)}
^Measur^e
^passed
^House
^June^{2, 1}⁹⁸³
^276-⁷⁶
^{(vote #153)}
^H.J.Res^{. 36}⁴^{To provide statutory aut}^{hority u}^{nder the}^{War Powers}^Measur^e
^{Multinational Force}^{Resolution for continued U.S. participation in the multinational}^passed
^{in Leba}^non^peacekeepi^{ng force in}^Leba^{non fo}^{r up}^{to 18}^month^{s after}^House
^Resolution^enactment.^September
^{28, 1}⁹⁸³
^270-¹⁶¹
^{(vote #356)}
^{H.Amdt. 39}⁵^to^{Long su}^{bstitute ame}^ndment^req^{uires the Pr}^{esident to invoke the}^{Rejected in}
^H.J.Res^{. 36}⁴^{War Powers Resolution by the e}^{nd of Novembe}^{r, or at the}^end^House
^{of any mont}^{h the}^reafter,^{unless P}^{resident certifies to Congress}^September
^{that a cease-fire wa}^{s in eff}^{ect and}^{being obse}^{rved by}^{all parties,}^{28, 1}⁹⁸³
^{and that significant}^progres^{s was}^{being made in}^{negotiations to}^158-²⁷²
^{broaden the}^base^{of Leba}^{nese go}^vernme^nt.^{(vote #360)}
^{S.J.Res. 159}^{Authorizes the Pre}^{sident to main}^{tain U.S. Armed Forces in}^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 98-119)}^Lebanon^{as pa}^{rt of a m}^{ultinational peacekeeping}^{force for}¹⁸^passed
^{Multinational Force}^{months; determine}^{s that t}^{he r}^e^q^{uirements of}^{Section 4(a)(1) of}^House
^{in Leba}^non^{the War Powers Resolution beca}^{me operational on Aug}^{ust 2}^9,^September
^Resolution¹⁹⁸^3.^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^253-¹⁵⁶
^{(vote #370)}
^Measur^e
^passed
^Senate
^September
^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^54-4⁶
^{(vote #274)}
^{S.Amdt. 22}³¹^to^{Baker motion to kill the Byrd amendment stating}^{that U.S.}^{Agreed to}
^{S.J.Res. 159}^{Marines in}^Leba^{non be}^{came e}^nga^{ged in hostilities on August 2}^9,^{in Senate}
¹⁹⁸^{3, re}^{quiring t}^{he President to s}^{ubmit re}^{port to Congress}^September
^{under Section}^{4(a)(1) of the War}^{Powers Resolution concerning}^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^hostilities^{, and extending for}^{60 d}^{ays from e}^nactment^{of the}^55-4⁵
^{resolution the President’s aut}^{hority to keep U.S. forces in}^{(vote #269)}

^Lebanon.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 22}²⁸^to^{Baker motion to kill the Pel}^{l amendment to aut}^{horize the U.S.}^{Agreed to}
^{S.J.Res. 159}^{Marines to remai}^{n in Le}^banon^for^{an additional six months}^{in Senate}
^{instead of 18.}^September
^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^62-3⁸
^{(vote #270)}
^{S.Amdt. 22}³⁹^to^{Baker motion to kill the Tsongas amendment}^{stating that a}^{Agreed to}
^{S.J.Res. 159}^pur^{pose of the}^{deployment of U.}^{S. Marines in Le}^{banon was}^to^{in Senate}
^{help the}^Leba^{nese gover}^nme^{nt “}^{maintain a secu}^{re area}^from^September
^{which to restore}^{full control over its own territory.”}^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^56-⁴²
^{(vote #271)}
^{S.Amdt. 22}⁴⁰^to^{Baker motion to kill the Levin amendment stating}^{that “act}^{ual or}^{Agreed to}
^{S.J.Res. 159}^{imminent hostilities involving U.}^S.^{armed forces”}^{began o}ⁿ^{in Senate}
^{August 29,}¹⁹⁸^3.^September
^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^54-4⁵
^{(vote #272)}
^{S.Amdt. 22}³³^to^{Baker motion to kill Eaglet}^{on amendment to allow the U.S. to}^{Agreed to}
^{S.J.Res. 159}^{take suc}^{h “defen}^{sive measu}^{res as}^{may be a}^p^p^{ropriate” to}^{in Senate}
^{protect the}^{multinational peacek}^{eeping force in}^Leba^{non rat}^her^September
^{than “}^{protective” meas}^{ures; wou}^{ld require th}^{e President to}^{29, 1}⁹⁸³
^{report to Congress}^periodically^{on the re}^{sults of ef}^{forts to}^66-3⁴
^secure^{removal of all foreign forces from Le}^banon.^{(vote #273)}
^{H.Amdt. 49}⁴^to^{Long amendme}^{nt to p}^{rohibit fu}ⁿ^{ds for deployment of U.S.}^{Rejected in}
^{H.R. 4}¹⁸⁵^{Armed Forces participating i}ⁿ^the^{multinational peacekeeping}^House
^Department^of^{force in Le}^{banon a}^fter^March^{1, 1}^984.^November
^Defense^{2, 19}⁸³
^Approp^{riations for}^153-²⁷⁴
^FY1984^{(vote #441)}

On October 25, 1983, President Reagan sent U.S. Marines and Army troops to Grenada in order
to protect American lives and restore law and order at the request of the Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States. All U.S. troops were removed from Grenada by December 15, 1983.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 24}^{62 to}^{Hart ame}^{ndment to invoke t}^he^{War Powers Resolution}^{Agreed to in}⁹⁸^th
^H.J.Res^{. 30}⁸^{with respe}^{ct to American}^{military involvement in}^Grenada.^Senate
^{(P.L. 98-161)}^{October 28,}
^{Joint resolution}¹⁹⁸³
^{increasing the}^statutory^64-2⁰
^{limit on the pu}^{blic debt} ^{(vote #321)}
^H.J.Res^{. 40}²^{Declared that the}^req^uirements^{of Section 4(a)(1) of the}^Measur^e
^{War Powers Resolution became}^{operative on Octobe}^{r 2}^5,^{passed House}
¹⁹⁸^{3, whe}^{n U.S. armed forces w}^{ere introduced into}^{November 1,}
^Grenada.¹⁹⁸³
^403-²³
^{(vote #437)}

On December 20, 1989, President George H.W. Bush deployed 14,000 U.S. military forces to
Panama in order to protect American lives, restore Panamanian democracy, and apprehend ^st
General Manuel Noriega. Congress did not immediately react to the situation, as the 101 ^st
Congress, first session had ended on November 22, 1989; the second session of the 101
Congress did not begin until January 23, 1990. The 14,000 U.S. troops were removed from
Panama by February 13, 1990.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and}^Title^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹⁰¹^st^H.Con.Res.^Exp^resses^{sadness ove}^{r the loss}^{of U.S. so}^ld^{iers’ lives as a result of}^Measur^e
²⁶² ^{Operation J}^{ust Cau}^{se and comm}^{ends the Pr}^{esident for}^{his efforts}^to^{agreed to in}
^{provide for the ea}^{rly retu}^{rn of t}^h^e^{remaining U.S. troops from}^House
^Panama.^Februar^{y 7,}
¹⁹⁹⁰
^389-²⁶
^{(vote #12)}

On August 2, 1990, Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait, seized its oil fields, ousted the Kuwaiti
leadership, installed a new government in Kuwait City, and massed troops on the Saudi Arabian
border. On August 9, President Bush reported that he had deployed U.S. troops to the region. ^st
Legislation in late 1990 (101 Congress, second session) focused on imposing sanctions against
Iraq, in seeking the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from the area, and in supporting the President in
carrying out the provisions of the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions. On ^nd
January 12, 1991 (102 Congress, first session), the Congress authorized the “use of force”
against Iraq in advance of the outbreak of hostilities with Iraq on January 16.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Res. 3}¹⁸^{Commends the Pre}^{sident for his}^{initial acti}^{ons with respe}^{ct to}^Measur^e¹⁰¹^st
^{Resolution to}^{Iraq. Urges t}^{he President to see}^k^{... add}^iti^{onal multilateral acti}^ons^{agreed to}
^{condemn Ira}^q’s^{involving air, sea, or land forces as necessa}^{ry to maintain or}^{in Senate}
^{invasion of Kuwait}^{restore inter}^{national peace or se}^curity.^{August 2,}
¹⁹⁹⁰
^97-0
^(vote
^#21¹⁾
^H.J.Res^{. 65}⁸^{Supports t}^{he deployme}^{nt of U.S. armed forces to th}^{e Persian}^Gulf^Measur^e
^{United States Policy}^{region and ex}^presse^{s ap}^{preciation to suc}^{h forces.}^passed
^{on Iraqi Aggres}^sion^House
^Resolution^{October 1,}
¹⁹⁹⁰
^380-²⁹
^(vote
^#39⁴⁾

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹⁰¹^st^{S.Con.Res. 14}⁷^Supports^{continued action}^{by t}^h^e^{President to deter Ira}^qi^Measur^e
^{aggression and to protect A}^meric^{an lives and interest}^{s in the}^{agreed to}
^region.^{in Senate}
^{October 2,}
¹⁹⁹⁰
^96-3
^(vote
^#25⁸⁾
^H.J.Res^{. 77}^{Joint resolution to authorize the}^{use of United States armed}^Measur^e¹⁰²^nd
^{(P.L. 102-1)}^{forces p}^urs^{uant to United Na}^{tions Security Coun}^{cil Resolution}^passed
^{Authorization for}^678.^House
^{Use of Military}^Janua^{ry 1}^2,
^{Force Against Iraq}¹⁹⁹¹
^Resolution^250-¹⁸³
^{(vote #9)}
^H^{.Con.Res. 32}^{Finds that the Con}^{stitution vests}^{all power to declare war in the}^Measur^e
^{Congress. Declares that a}^{ny offe}^{nsive action against Ira}^{q m}^ust^be^{agreed to}
^{explicitly approved in advan}^{ce by}^{the Congress.}^{in House}
^Janua^{ry 1}^2,
¹⁹⁹¹
^302-¹³¹
^{(vote #7)}
^{H.Con.Res. 33}^{Authorizes the co}^ntinued^{use of}^{American military force to}^Measur^e
^{enforce t}^{he United Nations eco}ⁿ^{omic embargo against Ira}^{q, to}^{rejected in}
^{defend Saudi Arabia from direct I}^{raqi attack, and to protect}^House
^{American forces}^{in the}^{region. Declares that (1) t}^{he Constitution}^Janua^{ry 1}^2,
^requires^{the Pre}^{sident to obtain}^{authorization from the Cong}^ress¹⁹⁹¹
^{before initiating new offe}^{nsive military action or waging war}^183-²⁵⁰
^{against Iraq}^{or Ira}^{qi forces a}^{nd (2}^{) the Congress does}^{not rule out}^{(vote #8)}
^{the enact}^{ment at}^{a later time of a}^{declaration of war or other}
^{congressional authorization for t}^{he use}^{of force.}
^{S.J.Res. 1}^{Authorizes the}^{use of Ame}^rican^{military force to enforce th}^e^Measur^e
^{United Nations economic embar}^{go against Iraq, defe}^{nd Saudi}^{rejected by}
^{Arabia from direct I}^{raqi attack, a}^{nd protect Ame}^{rican forc}^{es in}^Senate
^{the region. Declares that (}^{1) the}^{Constitution vests all power to}^Janua^{ry 1}^2,
^{declare war in the}^{Congress a}^nd^{(2) the Congres}^{s will}¹⁹⁹¹
^{expeditiously consider any}^presid^{ential request}^{for a declaration of}^46-5³
^{war or for aut}^{hority to use}^milita^{ry force against}^Ira^q.^{(vote #1)}
^{S.J.Res. 2}^{Authorizes the Pre}^{sident to use}^{U.S. armed forces against Iraq}^Measur^e
^{Authorization for}^purs^uant^{to United Nations Secu}^{rity Council Resolution 678.}^passed
^{Use of Military}^Senate
^{Force Against Iraq}^Janua^{ry 1}^2,
^Resolution¹⁹⁹¹
^52-4
^{(vote #2)}

On December 10, 1992, President Bush reported that he had deployed U.S. troops into Somalia
on December 8, in response to United Nations Security Council Resolution 794, which authorized
the Secretary General to “use all necessary means to establish as soon as possible a secure
environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia” and to provide military forces for

accomplishing this. U.S. troops were deployed to assist United Nations Forces in Somalia
(UNOSOM) throughout 1993 and 1994, ending on March 3, 1995.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.J.Res. 45} ^{Joint resolution authorizing the}^u^{se of United States Armed}^Measur^e¹⁰³^rd
^{Forces in Somalia pursua}^{nt to Un}^{ited Nations Security Council}^passed
^{Resolution 794}^{providing for a se}^{cure e}^nvironme^{nt to deliver}^Senate
^{relief sup}^{plies into Somal}^{ia. The House re}^{ported version}^Februar^{y 4,}
^{authorized U.S. troops under the}^{War Powers Resolution, but}¹⁹⁹³
^{terminated suc}^{h a}^{uthorization at the earlier of (1) e}^{nd of one}^{(voice vote)}
^{year from date of e}^nactme^{nt of t}^{he act}^{unless e}^xtended^by^Measur^e
^{Congress; or (2) ex}^{piration of th}^{e United Nations-led force in}^passed
^Somalia^.^House
^{May 2}^5,
¹⁹⁹³
^243-¹⁷⁹
^{(vote #183)}
^{H.Amdt. 66}^to^{Gilman su}^{bstitute ame}^{ndment to}^{reduce f}^{rom one year}^{to six}^{Rejected in}
^{S.J.Res. 45} ^{months a}^{uthorization for U.S. participation and to delete the}^House
^{section of the bill complying with}^{the War Powers Resolution.}^{May 2}^5,
¹⁹⁹³
^179-²⁴⁸
^{(vote #179)}
^{H.Amdt. 67}^to^{Roth amendment to e}^{nd the U.S. troop authorization and}^{Rejected in}
^{S.J.Res. 45} ^{financial aid in Somal}^{ia on June}³⁰^{, 199}^3.^House
^{May 2}^5,
¹⁹⁹³
^127-²⁹⁹
^{(vote #180)}
^{H.Amdt. 68}^t^o^Sol^{omon amendment to comme}ⁿ^d^{U.S. Armed Forces for}^{Agreed to in}
^{S.J.Res. 45} ^{establishing a sec}^{ure e}^nvironmeⁿ^t^{for hu}^manitarian^{relief in}^House
^Somalia^.^{May 2}^5,
¹⁹⁹³
^425-⁰
^{(vote #181)}
^{H.Amdt. 68}^to^{Separate vote at re}^que^{st of Walker on ame}^{ndment adopted}^by^{Agreed to in}
^{S.J.Res. 45} ^Sol^{omon in Committee of the Whole to commend U.S. forces}^House
^{for establishing a se}^cure^environ^{ment for}^huma^{nitarian relief in}^{May 2}^5,
^Somalia^.¹⁹⁹³
^419-⁰
^{(vote #182)}
^{S.Amdt. 79}⁰^to^{Byrd amendment}^{to the Byrd am}^{endment e}^x^p^{ressing se}^{nse of}^{Agreed to in}
^{S. 12}⁹⁸^{Senate that t}^{he President s}^{hould outline goals, object}^{ives, and}^Senate
^{National Defense}^{duration of deployment of U.S. troops in Somalia and report to}^September
^{Authorization Act}^{Congress by}^Octobe^{r 1}^{5, 19}^{93; P}^{resident should ask for}^and^{9, 19}⁹³
^{for Fiscal Year 199}⁴ ^{receive congressional aut}^{horization for continu}^{ed deployment in}^90-7
^{Somalia by November 1}^{5, 1}⁹⁹^3;^{U.S. participation would}^{(vote #252)}

^{terminate if Congress}^{failed to authorize such}^continued
^involvement.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 2}⁴⁰¹^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-16}⁰⁾^passed
^{National Defense}^House
^{Authorization Act}^September
^{for FY199}⁴ ^{29, 1}⁹⁹³
^268-¹⁶²
^{(vote #474)}
^Measur^e
^passed
^Senate
^{October 6,}
¹⁹⁹³
^{(voice vote)}
^{H.Amdt. 31}⁹^to^Gep^{hardt ame}^{ndment r}^e^q^{uiring t}^{he President to re}^{port to}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.R. 2}⁴⁰¹ ^{Congress by}^Octobe^{r 1}^{5, 19}^93,^{on goals, objectives, and}^House
^{duration of U.S. Armed Forces in Somalia and expressing se}^nse^September
^{of Congress that}^{the Pre}^{sident sh}^{ould seek congressional}^{28, 1}⁹⁹³
^{authorization by Novem}^ber^15,¹^{993, for}^{continued de}^ployment^406-²⁶
^{in Somalia}^.^{(vote #463)}
^{H.Amdt. 31}⁹^to^{Separate vote at re}^que^{st of Walker on Ge}^pha^{rdt amendme}^nt^{Agreed to in}
^{H.R. 2}⁴⁰¹ ^{adopted in the Committee of the}^{Whole (described above).}^House
^September
^{29, 1}⁹⁹³
^405-²³
^{(vote #472)}
^{Spence motion to recommit bill to House Armed Services with}^{Rejected in}
^{instructions to re}^{port ba}^{ck with}^amendment^req^{uiring the}^House
^{President to certify that it is vital}^{and necessa}^{ry to p}^{rotect U.S.}^September
^{national interests be}^{fore placing}^{U.S. tro}^{ops under}^{control of a}^{29, 1}⁹⁹³
^{foreign national on be}^{half of the}^{United Nations.}^192-²³⁸
^{(vote #473)}
^{H.R. 3}¹¹⁶^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-13}⁹⁾^passed
^Department^of^Senate
^Defense^{October 21,}
^Approp^{riations for}¹⁹⁹³
^FY1994 ^{(voice vote)}
^{Thurmond motion to kill McCain amendment}⁽^{S.Amdt. 104}³⁾^{Agreed to in}
^{to prohibit fu}^{nding of U.S. mil}^{itary operations in Somalia except}^Senate
^{for withdrawal of all U.S}^{. troops.}^{October 15,}
¹⁹⁹³
^61-3⁸
^{(vote #313)}
^{S.Amdt. 10}⁴²^to^{Byrd amendment}^{to prohibit f}^uⁿ^{ding of U.S. mi}^{litary operations}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.R. 3}¹¹⁶^{in Somalia after March}^{31, 1}⁹⁹^4,^except^{for limited purposes}^if^Senate
^{the President re}^qu^{ests and Cong}^{ress aut}^{horizes an e}^xtension;^{October 15,}
^requires^{U.S. forces to be u}^nder^{command of U.S. commanders.}¹⁹⁹³
^76-2³
^{(vote #314)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^H.Con.^{Res. 17}⁰ ^Concurre^{nt re}^{solution directing the President}^pur^suan^{t to}^Measur^e
^{Section 5(c) of the War Powers}^{Resolution to remove United}^{agreed to in}
^{States Armed Forces from Somalia by Jan}^uary^31,¹⁹^94.^House
^November
^{9, 19}⁹³
^{(voice vote)}
^{H.Amdt. 38}⁴^to^{Gilman amendme}^{nt to cha}^{nge de}^{adline for removal of U.S.}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.Con.Res. 17}⁰ ^{troops in Somalia from March}^31,¹⁹^{94, to Jan}^uary^31,¹⁹^94.^House
^224-²⁰³
^November
^{9, 19}⁹³
^{(vote #555)}
^{H.Amdt. 38}⁵^to^{Hamilton substitute}^amendme^nt^{to change deadline for removal}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.Con.Res. 17}⁰^{of U.S. tro}^{ops back to Ma}^rch^31,¹⁹⁹^{4, from Ja}^nua^ry^{31, 1}⁹⁹^4;^House
^{substituted by Gilman.}^226-²⁰¹
^November
^{9, 19}⁹³
^{(vote #556)}
^{H.R. 3}⁷⁵⁹^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-21}¹⁾^passed
^Emerge^ncy^House
^Suppleme^ntal^Februar^{y 3,}
^Approp^{riations Act}¹⁹⁹⁴
^{for FY199}⁴^337-⁷⁴
^{(vote #13)}
^Measur^e
^passed
^Senate
^Februar^{y 1}^0,
¹⁹⁹⁴
^85-1⁰
^{(vote #45)}
^{H.Amdt. 42}⁴^to^{Frank ame}^{ndment to delete $}^1.2^billi^{on for peacekee}^{ping a}^nd^{Rejected in}
^{H.R. 3}⁷⁵⁹^huma^{nitarian assistance}^{in Somali}^{a, Bosnia, Iraq, and Haiti.}^House
^Februar^{y 3,}
¹⁹⁹⁴
^158-²⁶⁰
^{(vote #8)}
^{S.Amdt. 14}⁵³^to^{Feingold amendment to eliminate $1.2}^{billion for peacekeeping}^{Rejected in}
^{H.R. 3}⁷⁵⁹^{operations in Somalia, B}^{osnia, Iraq, and Haiti.}^Senate
^Februar^{y 1}^0,
¹⁹⁹⁴
^19-7⁶
^{(vote #40)}
^{H.R. 4}⁶⁵⁰^Measur^e
⁽^{P.L. 103-33}⁵⁾^passed
^Department^of^Senate
^Defense^{August 11,}
^Approp^{riations for}¹⁹⁹⁴
^FY1995^86-1⁴
^{(vote #282)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 25}³⁸^to^Kempthorn^{e amendme}^nt^prohibi^{ting funds}^{from s}^u^p^{porting the}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.R. 4}⁶⁵⁰^{continued p}^resen^{ce of U.S. troops in Somalia after September}^Senate
^{30, 1}⁹⁹^4.^{August 10,}
¹⁹⁹⁴
^54-4⁴
^{(vote #278)}

On October 20, 1993, President Clinton reported that U.S. ships had begun enforcing a United
Nations embargo against Haiti. On September 19, 1994, President Clinton had deployed 1,500
troops to Haiti to restore democracy; that level was ultimately increased to over 20,000. By
March 21, 1995, U.S. troops were reduced to under 5,300 and incorporated into the United
Nations Multinational Force in Haiti. By September 21, 1995, they were reduced to under 2,500
personnel. U.S. troops ended their deployment to Haiti by April 17, 1996.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 3}¹¹⁶^Measur^e¹⁰³^rd
^{(P.L. 103-13}⁹⁾^passed
^Department^{of Defense}^Senate
^Approp^{riations for}^{October 21,}
^FY1994¹⁹⁹³
^{(voice vote)}
^{S.Amdt. 10}⁷²^to^H^.R.^{Helms amendme}^{nt to pro}^{hibit fu}^{nding any U.S. military}^{Rejected in}
³¹¹⁶^{operations in Haiti unless Cong}^re^{ss ex}^{plicitly authorizes}^Senate
^{such a}^{ction or the Pre}^{sident certi}^{fies to Congress that U.S.}^{October 21,}
^{citizens are in danger.}¹⁹⁹³
^19-8¹
^(vote^#321)
^{S.Amdt. 10}⁷⁴^to^H^.R.^{Mitchell amendment e}^x^p^{ressing s}^{ense of Congres}^{s that}^{Agreed to in}
³¹¹⁶^{Congress sho}^{uld authorize all U.}^{S. mil}^{itary operations in}^Senate
^{Haiti unless U.S. citi}^{zens are in i}^mminent^{need of p}^rotection^{October 21,}
^{and evacuation or t}^{hat deployme}^{nt is vital to national}¹⁹⁹³
^{security inter}^ests.^98-2
^{(vote #322)}
^{H.R. 3}⁷⁵⁹^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-21}¹⁾^passed
^Emerge^ncy^House
^Suppleme^ntal^Februar^{y 3,}
^Approp^{riations Act for}¹⁹⁹⁴
^FY1994^337-⁷⁴
^{(vote #13)}
^Measur^e
^passed
^Senate
^Februar^{y 1}^0,
¹⁹⁹⁴
^85-1⁰
^{(vote #45)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.Amdt. 42}⁴^to^{Frank ame}^{ndment deleting $}^{1.2 b}^ill^{ion for peacekeeping}^and^{Rejected in}
^{H.R. 3}⁷⁵⁹^huma^{nitarian assistance}^{in Haiti, Bosnia, Soma}^lia^{, and Iraq.}^House
^Februar^{y 3,}
¹⁹⁹⁴
^158-²⁶⁰
^{(vote #8)}
^{S.Amdt. 14}⁵³^to^{Feingold amendment eliminating $1.2}^billi^{on for}^{Rejected in}
^{H.R. 3}⁷⁵⁹^peacekeepi^{ng operations in}^Haiti,^{Bosnia, Soma}^{lia, and Iraq.}^Senate
^Februar^{y 1}^0,
¹⁹⁹⁴
^19-7⁶
^{(vote #40)}
^{H.R. 4}³⁰¹^Measur^e
^{National Defense}^passed
^{Authorization Act for}^House
^FY1995^June^{9, 1}⁹⁹⁴
^260-¹⁵⁸
^{(vote #226)}
^{H.Amdt. 57}⁵^to^H^.R.^{Substitute ame}^ndment^{to the}^{Goss amendme}^{nt (see}^below)^{Rejected in}
⁴³⁰¹^{sought to ex}^press^{the s}^{ense of C}^{ongress that}^{the U.S.}^House
^{should not attack Haiti exce}^{pt in}^{a case of a clear a}^nd^{May 2}^4,
^prese^{nt danger.}¹⁹⁹⁴
^191-²³⁶
^{(vote #196)}
^{H.Amdt. 57}⁴^to^{Goss amendme}^{nt e}^xpre^{ssing se}ⁿ^{se of Congress t}^{hat the}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.R. 4}³⁰¹^{United States with the O}^{rganization of American States}^House
^{(OAS) and the United Nations s}^h^{ould establish a safe ha}^ven^{May 2}^4,
^{for Haitian ref}^{ugees on Ile de la}^{Gonava; establish legitimate}¹⁹⁹⁴
^{Haitian administration to govern; the President s}^{hould not}^223-²⁰¹
^{undertake a}^{ny military action against Haiti unless it}^prese^nts^{(vote #197)}
^{a clear and p}^resent^{danger to t}^h^e^{United States.}
^{H.Amdt. 57}⁴^to^{Separate vote at re}^que^{st of Dellums on the a}^mendme^nt^{Rejected in}
^{H.R. 4}³⁰¹^{offered by}^{Goss, previously vote}^{d on at roll call vote #197}^House
^above.^June^{9, 1}⁹⁹⁴
^195-²²⁶
^{(vote #224)}
^{H.R. 4}⁴²⁶^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-30}⁶⁾^passed
^{Foreign Operations,}^Senate
^Export^{Financing, and}^{July 1}^{5, 19}⁹⁴
^{Related Programs}^84-9
^Approp^{riations for}^{(vote #203)}
^FY1995
^{S.Amdt. 21}¹⁷^to^H^.R.^{Gregg ame}^{ndment to}^{prohibit mi}^{litary action in Haiti unless}^{Rejected in}
⁴⁴²⁶^{the operations a}^{re aut}^{horized in advance by}^{Congress or}^Senate
^necessar^{y to protect U.S. citizens for national secu}^rity^{June 29,}
^interests.¹⁹⁹⁴
^34-6⁵
^{(vote #172)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 21}¹⁸^to^H^.R.^{Mitchell amendment e}^x^p^{ressing s}^{ense of Congres}^{s that}^{Agreed to in}
⁴⁴²⁶^{Congress sho}^{uld authorize all U.}^{S. mil}^{itary operations in}^Senate
^{Haiti unless U.S. citi}^{zens are in i}^{mmediate need of}^{June 29,}
^{protection or deployment is vital to U.S. nati}^{onal security.}¹⁹⁹⁴
^93-4
^{(vote #173)}
^{H.R. 4}⁶²⁴^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-32}⁷⁾^passed
^Department^{of Veterans}^Senate
^{Affairs Ap}^propriations^{August 4,}
^{for FY199}⁵¹⁹⁹⁴
^86-9
^{(vote #262)}
^{S.Amdt. 24}⁴⁵^to^H^.R.^{Dole amendment ex}^pressing^sens^{e of Senate that U}^nited^{Agreed to in}
⁴⁶²⁴^{Nations Security Coun}^{cil Resolut}^{ion 940 did not constit}^ute^Senate
^{authorization for deployment of}^{U.S. forces in Haiti under}^{August 3,}
^{the Constitution or th}^{e War Powers Resolution.}¹⁹⁹⁴
^100-⁰
^{(vote #254)}
^{H.R. 4}⁶⁰⁶^{McCain motion to kill Specter amendment (S.Amdt. 24}⁶⁰⁾^{Agreed to in}
^{{P.L. 103-3}³³⁾^{barring t}^{he President}^{from deploying U.S. troops to restore}^Senate
^Department^{s of Labor,}^{legitimately elected Hait}^{ian government}^{unless a}^uthorized^{August 5,}
^{Health and H}^umaⁿ^{by Congress,}^{unless vital to national security inte}^{rests, or to}¹⁹⁹⁴
^{Services, and Education}^{protect lives of U.S. citi}^zens.^63-3¹
^Approp^{riations for}^{(vote #263)}
^FY1995
^{H.Con.Res. 29}⁰^Concurre^{nt re}^{solution commending the President a}^{nd the}^Measur^e
^{special delegation to Haiti}^{; suppo}^{rting U.S. Armed Forces in}^{agreed to in}
^{Haiti; supporting a}ⁿ^{orderly with}^{drawal of U.S}^{. forces as}^House
^{soon as possible.}^September
^{19, 1}⁹⁹⁴
^353-⁴⁵
^{(vote #424)}
^{S.Res. 2}⁵⁹^{Resolution expressing s}^{ense of t}^h^e^{Senate su}^{pporting U.S.}^Measur^e
^{forces in Haiti; commending th}^{e s}^{pecial delegation led by}^{agreed to in}
^{former President Carte}^{r; su}^pport^{ing lifting of economic}^Senate
^{sanctions on Haiti; su}^pporting^pr^{ompt and orderly}^September
^{withdrawal of all U.}^{S. forces.}^{21, 1}⁹⁹⁴
^94-5
^{(vote #301)}
^{S.J.Res. 229}^{Joint resolution expr}^{essing se}^nse^{of Congress for a}^prompt^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-42}³⁾^{and orderly withdrawal of all U.S}^.^{forces from}^{Haiti as soon}^passed
^{Joint resolution}^{as possible; req}^{uires President to}^submit^{reports to}^Senate
^{regarding United States}^{Congress on t}^{he scope a}^{nd durat}^{ion of U.S. m}^{ission in Haiti.}^{October 6,}
^{policy toward Haiti}¹⁹⁹⁴
^91-8
^{(vote #323)}
^Measur^e
^passed
^House
^{October 7,}
¹⁹⁹⁴
^{(voice vote)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^H.J.Res^{. 41}⁶^{Joint resolution expr}^{essing se}^nse^{of Congress that}^{all U.S}^.^Measur^e
^{Limited Authorization}^{troops should be}^{promptly a}^{nd orderly withdrawn f}^rom^passed
^{for the United States-}^{Haiti as soon as possible; President should ha}^{ve soug}^ht^House
^{led Force in Haiti}^{congressional app}^{roval before de}^{ployment of troops;}^{October 7,}
^Resolution^requires^{the Pre}^{sident to su}^bmit^{statement of}^national¹⁹⁹⁴
^{security objectives of O}^peration^{Uphold Democracy within}^236-¹⁸²
^{seven days of e}^nactme^nt.^{(vote #500)}
^{H.Amdt. 92}²^to^{Gilman amendme}^{nt ex}^pres^{sing se}^{nse of Congres}^{s that}^{Rejected in}
^H.J.Res^{. 41}⁶^{President should not ha}^{ve ordere}^{d U.S. tro}^{ops to occupy}^House
^{Haiti and should immediately begin the “}^{safe a}^{nd orderly}^{October 6,}
^{withdrawal” of all U.}^{S. forces; provides for consideration of}¹⁹⁹⁴
^{joint resolution to be introduced Janua}^{ry 3,}¹⁹^{95, whic}^{h if}^205-²²⁵
^{enacted, would prohibit continu}^e^d^{use of U.S. troops in}^{(vote #497)}
^{Haiti within 30 days.}
^{H.Amdt. 92}³^to^{Dellums amendment e}^x^p^{ressing s}^{ense of Congres}^{s that all}^{Agreed to in}
^H.J.Res^{. 41}⁶^{U.S. tro}^{ops should be}^{promptly a}^{nd orderly withdrawn}^House
^{from Haiti; President should have}^{sought cong}^ressional^{October 6,}
^{approval be}^{fore deploying troops}^{; requires}^{President to}¹⁹⁹⁴
^{submit to Congress}^{within seve}ⁿ^{days of enactme}^{nt a}^258-¹⁶⁷
^{statement on}^{national security ob}^{jectives of Operation}^{(vote #498)}
^{Uphold Democracy and other}^re^{ports on situation t}^here.
^{H.Amdt. 92}⁴^to^Toricel^{li amendment aut}^{horizing the p}^resenc^{e of U.S.}^{Rejected in}
^H.J.Res^{. 41}⁶^{troops in Haiti until Marc}^{h 1,}¹⁹⁹^{5, unless Pre}^sident^House
^{determines and ce}^{rtifies to Congress that}^continued^{October 7,}
^prese^{nce is esse}^{ntial to protect}^{U.S. cit}^{izens or vital to}¹⁹⁹⁴
^{national security intere}^sts.^27-3⁹⁸
^{(vote #499)}

The civil war in the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina resulted in U.S. military
participation in various efforts over several years to halt the fighting. The United States
participated in both United Nations and NATO actions without explicit congressional
authorization. Beginning in 1992, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 770,
which called on all nations to take “all measures necessary” to facilitate the delivery of
humanitarian assistance to Sarajevo. On August 11, 1992, the Senate passed S.Res. 330, which
urged the President to work for such a resolution and pledged funds for participation, but also
said that no U.S. military personnel should be introduced into hostilities without clearly defined
objectives.
On the same day, the House passed H.Res. 554, which urged the Security Council to authorize
measures, including the use of force, to ensure humanitarian relief. As the conflict in Bosnia
continued and escalated over the next several years, U.S. troops were sent to participate in NATO
and United Nations peacekeeping missions. Consequently, leaders in Congress began calling for
greater congressional involvement in decisions.
In 1994, for example, the Senate passed S. 2042, which called for the United States to end
unilaterally its arms embargo with Bosnia; the Senate also passed an amendment to S. 2042
which stated that no ground combat troops should be deployed to Bosnia unless previously
authorized by Congress. The House did not act on the measure. With the signing of the Dayton

Peace Agreement for Bosnia on December 14, 1995, NATO took over the ground operation from
UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force). Consequently, in late 1995, over 20,000 U.S.
combat troops were sent to Bosnia as part of the NATO-led peacekeeping force. In December
1995, Congress considered and voted on a number of bills and resolutions, but the House and
Senate could not come to consensus on any single measure. In 1996, President Clinton agreed to
provide up to 8,500 ground troops to participate in the NATO-led follow-on force in Bosnia
termed the Stabilization Force (SFOR).
Subsequent efforts by both the House and Senate to require the President to either limit funding
for the Bosnia operations or to bring the troops home did not succeed. On March 18, 1998, for
example, the House defeated by a vote of 193-225 H.Con.Res. 227, which would have directed
the President to remove U.S. Armed Forces from the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, pursuant
to Section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution.
On July 22, 2002, President Bush reported to Congress that U.S. Armed Forces contributions to
SFOR in Bosnia-Herzegovina were approximately 2,400 personnel.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Res. 3}³⁰^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of t}^{he Senat}^{e that th}^{e President}^Measur^e¹⁰²^nd
^{should call upon th}^{e United Nati}^{ons to authorize all}^{agreed to in}
^{means, including multinational military action, to ensure}^Senate
^{the flow of hu}^{manitarian r}^{elief in Bosnia-Herzegovina and}^{August 11,}
^{to gain access for t}^{he U.N. and I}ⁿ^{ternational Red Cross}¹⁹⁹²
^person^{nel to refugee}^{and war}^ca^mps.^74-2²
^{(vote #186)}
^{S.Amdt. 29}²⁵^to^{Warner ame}^ndment^{to exp}^{ress t}^{he Senate’s s}^u^p^{port for}^{Agreed to in}
^{S.Res. 3}³⁰^{the six meas}^ures^{that Pre}^{sident Bush said on A}^ugust^{6 t}^hat^Senate
^{the Administration was taking to}^{help resolve the}^Balkan^{August 10,}
^Crisis.¹⁹⁹²
^90-5
^{(vote #184)}
^{S.Amdt. 29}²⁹^to^{Stevens amendme}^{nt to e}^xpre^{ss t}^{he sen}^{se of the}^Senate^{Agreed to in}
^{S.Res. 3}³⁰^{that the U}^{nited States will provid}^{e necessa}^{ry f}^{unds for}^U.S.^Senate
^{participation in h}^{umanitarian a}^nd^{multilateral mil}^itary^{August 11,}
^{action in Bosnia-Herzegovina as mandated by t}^{he United}¹⁹⁹²
^Nations.^82-1³
^{(vote #185)}
¹⁰³^rd^{H.R. 3}¹¹⁶^{Making ap}^{propriations for t}^{he De}^partme^{nt of Defen}^{se for}^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 103-13}⁹⁾^{the fiscal year e}^{nding Septem}^ber^{30, 1}⁹⁹^4.^{passed House}
^Department^{of Defense}^September
^Approp^{riations Act,}^{30, 1}⁹⁹³
¹⁹⁹⁴^325-¹⁰²
^{(vote #480)}
^{Senate agreed}
^{to conference}
^report
^November
^{10, 1}⁹⁹³
^88-9
^{(vote #368)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 10}⁷³^to^H^.R.^{Mitchell amendment to e}^x^p^{ress t}^{he sen}^{se of Congress}^that^{Agreed to in}
³¹¹⁶^{none of the}^fu^{nds in t}^{he bill shoul}^{d be used to deploy U.S.}^Senate
^{troops in Bosnia-Herzegovina unl}^{ess aut}^{horized by}^{October 20,}
^{Congress, exce}^{pt for}^huma^{nitarian missions started}^before¹⁹⁹³
^{October 20,}¹⁹⁹^3.^99-1
^{(vote #320)}
^{S. 20}⁴²^{A bill to remove the United States arms em}^{bargo of the}^Measur^e
^government^{of Bosnia-Herzegovina.}^{passed Senate}
^{May 1}^{2, 19}⁹⁴
^{(voice vote)}
^{S.Amdt. 16}⁹⁶^to^S.^{Mitchell amendment to direct t}^h^e^{President to seek the}^{Agreed to in}
²⁰⁴²^{immediate agreement of NATO}^{allies to terminate the}^Senate
^{arms em}^{bargo against Bosnia-He}^{rzegovina, direct the}^{May 1}^{0, 19}⁹⁴
^{President to seek a U.N. Security}^{Council resolution to}^50-4⁹
^{terminate the}^{arms e}^{mbargo a}^nd^{... authorize U.}^{S. air}^{(vote #110)}
^{power to implement}^{NATO ex}^{clusion zones and to}
^{protect U.N. forces, b}^{ut p}^rohibit^{the deployment of U.S.}
^{ground combat}^{forces without}^c^{ongressional authorization.}
¹⁰³^rd^{S.Amdt. 16}⁹⁵^to^S.^{Dole amendment to req}^{uire the}^{President to terminate}^{Agreed to in}
²⁰⁴²^{the U.S. arms embargo of Bosnia-Herzegovina upo}ⁿ^Senate
^{receipt of a re}^que^{st from t}^{hat go}^vernme^{nt for as}^{sistance in}^{May 1}^{2, 19}⁹⁴
^{its right of self-defense a}^{nd to pr}^{ohibit interfere}^{nce with}^50-4⁹
^{the tra}^{nsfer of}^conven^{tional arms by th}^{e exe}^{cutive b}^ranc^h.^{(vote #111)}

^{The amendme}^{nt also states that}^{nothing in t}^{he ame}^ndment
^{shall be inter}^{preted as a}ⁿ^aut^{horization for the deployment}
^{of U.S. forces.}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹⁰⁴^th^{H.R. 2}⁰⁷⁶^{Making ap}^{propriations for t}^{he De}^partme^{nts of Commerce,}^Measur^e
^Department^{s of}^{Justice, and State, the J}^{udiciary, and related agencies for}^{passed House}
^{Commerce, Justice, and}^{the fiscal year e}^{nding Septem}^ber^{30, 1}⁹⁹^{6, and for othe}^r^{July 2}^{6, 19}⁹⁵
^{State, the Judiciary, and}^pur^poses.^272-¹⁵¹
^{Related Agencies}^{(vote #585)}
^Approp^{riations Act,}^Measur^e
¹⁹⁹⁶^{passed Senate}
^September
^{29, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^{(voice vote)}
^House
^adopted
^conferen^ce
^report
^{December 6,}
¹⁹⁹⁵
^256-¹⁶⁶
^{(vote #841)}
^Senate
^adopted
^conferen^ce
^report
^{December 7,}
¹⁹⁹⁵
^50-4⁸
^{(vote #591)}
^{Vetoed by}
^President
^December
^{19, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^{House failed}
^{to override}
^veto
^Janua^{ry 3,}
¹⁹⁹⁶
^240-¹⁵⁹
^{(vote #4)}
^{S.Amdt. 28}⁴²^to^H^.R.^{Gregg ame}^{ndment to e}^x^p^{ress t}^h^e^{sense of t}^{he Senate}^that^{Agreed to in}¹⁰⁴^th
²⁰⁷⁶^{U.S. tro}^{ops should not be de}^{ployed to Bosnia-Herzegovina}^Senate
^{unless Congre}^{ss ap}^{proves t}^{he de}^{ployment or the}^September
^{temporary de}^{ployment as}^necess^{ary to evacuate U.N.}^{29, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^peacekeepi^{ng forces}^{from immin}^{ent danger, to u}^ndertake^94-2
^{air rescue o}^{perations, or to provide huma}^{nitarian su}^pplies.^{(vote #479)}
^{H.Res. 247}^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of t}^{he Ho}^us^{e of Represe}^{ntatives to}^Measur^e
^{the deployment of t}^{he United Sta}^{tes armed forces}^{on the}^{agreed to in}
^{ground in t}^{he territory of t}^{he Re}^{public of Bosnia-}^House
^{Herzegovina to enforce a}^{peace a}^{greement. Gilman motion}^{October 30,}
^{to suspe}^{nd the}^{rules a}^{nd adopt t}^{he resolution ... that a}¹⁹⁹⁵
^success^{ful outcome for t}^{he Bosni}^{a peace talks s}^{hould not}^315-¹⁰³
^{assume t}^{he deployment}^{of U.S. troops, and that any}^{(vote #745)}

^{deployment should be}^aut^{horized by Congres}^s.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 2}⁶⁰⁶^{To prohibit the u}^{se of f}^{unds a}^ppr^{opriated to the}^Measur^e
^Department^{of Defense}^from^{being used}^{for the}^{passed House}
^{deployment on the}^{ground of U.S}^{. Armed Forces in the}^November
^{Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of a}^ny^{17, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^peacekeepi^{ng operations, or as}^p^{art of any im}^plementation^243-¹⁷¹
^{force, unless f}^unds^{for su}^{ch de}^{ployment are}^specifically^{(vote #814)}
^approp^{riated by law.}^Measur^e
^{rejected in}
^Senate
^December
^{13, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^22-7⁷
^{(vote #601)}
^{H.R. 2}⁷⁷⁰^{To prohibit federal fu}^{nds from}^be^{ing used for t}^he^Measur^e
^{deployment on the}^{ground of U.S}^{. Armed Forces in the}^{rejected in}
^{Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of a}^ny^House
^peacekeepi^{ng operations, or as}^p^{art of any im}^plementation^December
^force.^{13, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^210-²¹⁸
^{(vote #856)}
^{H.Res. 302}^{Relating to the deployment of th}^{e U.S. Armed Forces in}^Measur^e¹⁰⁴^th
^{and around t}^{he ter}^{ritory of the R}^epu^{blic of Bosnia-}^{agreed to in}
^{Herzegovina to enforce t}^he^peac^{e agreement}^betwee^{n t}^he^House
^{parties to the co}^{nflict. Declares that the}^House^{has se}^rious^December
^concerns^{and op}^{poses the P}^{resident’s policy to deploy U.S}^.^{13, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^{ground troops to Bosnia ... and that the U.S. governme}^nt^287-¹⁴¹
^{should be impartial and eve}^nha^nd^{ed with all parties in the}^{(vote #857)}
^{Bosnian conflict as neces}^{sary to e}^nsur^{e the}^{safety of U.S.}
^troops.
^{S.Con.Res. 35}^{A concur}^rent^{resolution exp}^ressi^{ng the o}^{pposition of the}^Measur^e
^{Congress to President Clinton’s planned deployment}^of^{rejected in}
^{United States ground forces}^{to Bosnia while also}^Senate
^expre^{ssing congr}^{essional sup}^port^{for the U.S. troops}^December
^{ordered by the}^{President to help}^{implement the}^Bosnia^{13, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^{peace agree}^ment.^47-5²
^{(vote #602)}
^{H.Res. 306}^Exp^{ressing t}^{he se}^{nse of t}^{he Hou}^s^e^{of Represe}^{ntatives that}^Measur^e
^{while some Membe}^{rs of Congres}^{s have}^{questions a}^nd^{rejected in}
^concerns^{about t}^{he deployme}^nt^{of U.S. Armed Forces to}^House
^{Bosnia, the House u}^neq^{uivocally sup}^{ports the}^men^and^December
^{women of the U.S. Armed Force}^{s who are se}^{rving t}^here.^{14, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^190-²³⁷
^{(vote #858)}
¹⁰⁴^th^{S.J.Res. 44}^{A joint resolution expressing}^su^p^{port for U.S. troops in}^Measur^e
^{Bosnia, but ex}^pressing^reservatio^{ns about}^{the de}^ployment^{passed Senate}
^{of such t}^{roops. The meas}^{ure wo}^{uld also lim}^{it the}^December
^{deployment to “app}^{roximately” one year a}^{nd req}^{uire the}^{14, 1}⁹⁹⁵
^{President to limit the use of U.S. troops in Bosnia to the}^69-3⁰
^enforceme^{nt of the}^{military provisions of the pea}^ce^{(vote #603)}

^{agreement a}^{nd p}^{rovide an exit st}^{rategy from Bosnia that}
^{would include an interna}^{tional effort to achieve a military}
^{balance in Bosnia b}^y^{arming t}^{he f}^{ederation of Bosnia.}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹⁰⁵^th^{H.R. 1}¹¹⁹^{An act to aut}^{horize appro}^{priations for FY1}⁹⁹^{8 for military}^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 105-85)}^{activities of the Departme}^{nt of Defense ... and for other}^passed
^{National Defense}^pur^poses.^House,
^{Authorization Act for}^{June 25, 19}⁹⁷
^{Fiscal Year 199}⁸^304-¹²⁰
^{(vote #236)}
^Measur^e
^{passed Senate}
^{July 1}^{1, 19}⁹⁷
^(unanimous
^consent)
^House
^adopted
^conferen^ce
^report
^{October 28,}
¹⁹⁹⁷
^286-¹²³
^{(vote #534)}
^Senate
^adopted
^conferen^ce
^report
^{November 6,}
¹⁹⁹⁷
^90-1⁰
^{(vote #296)}
^{H.Amdt. 20}⁴^to^H^.R.^{Hilleary substitute am}^endme^{nt to the Buye}^{r ame}^{ndment to}^{Rejected in}¹⁰⁵^th
¹¹¹⁹^{prohibit the o}^{bligation of funds fo}^{r ground de}^{ployment of}^House
^{U.S. tro}^{ops in Bosnia after Dece}^mber^{31, 1}⁹⁹^{7, u}^{nless the}^{June 24, 19}⁹⁷
^{President sub}^{mits a re}^{port to Congress}^req^{uesting a}ⁿ^196-²³¹
^{extension of f}^{unding. The}^{Hilleary amendme}^{nt would}^{(vote #233)}
^{require t}^{he e}^xten^{sion to be ap}^pr^{oved by a joint resolution}
^{of Congress and would pe}^{rmit de}^{ployment for a}ⁿ
^additi^{onal 180 days or}^{until Ju}^ne^{30, 1}⁹⁹^8.
^{H.Amdt. 20}³^to^H^.R.^{Buyer ame}^{ndment to}^{prohibit f}^uⁿ^{ding for U.S. ground}^{Agreed to in}
¹¹¹⁹^{troops in Bosnia after J}^une³^{0, 19}^98.^House
^{June 24, 19}⁹⁷
^278-¹⁴⁸
^{(vote #234)}
^{S. 93}⁶^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of Cong}^ress^{that U.S. troops should}^Measur^e
^{National Defense}^{pull out of Bosnia by J}^une³^{0, 19}⁹^8.^{passed Senate}
^{Authorization Act for}^{July 1}^{1, 19}⁹⁷
^{Fiscal Year 199}⁸^94-4
^{(vote #173)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 2}²⁶⁶^{Making ap}^{propriations for t}^{he De}^partme^{nt of Defen}^{se for}^Measur^e¹⁰⁵^th
^{(P.L. 105-56)}^{the fiscal year e}^{nding Septem}^ber^{30, 1}⁹⁹^{8, and for othe}^r^{passed House}
^Department^{of Defense}^pur^{poses. The bill/conferen}^{ce re}^{port would cut off}^fu^nding^{July 2}^{9, 19}⁹⁷
^Approp^{riations Act,}^{for U.S. troops in Bosnia after Ju}^{ne 3}^{0, 19}^98,^{but would}^322-¹⁰⁵
¹⁹⁹⁸^{permit the}^{President to re}^quest^f^urthe^{r f}^unding.^{(vote #338)}
^Measur^e
^{passed Senate}
^{July 2}^{9, 19}⁹⁷
^(unanimous
^consent)
^{House agreed}
^{to conference}
^report
^September
^{25, 1}⁹⁹⁷
^56-6⁵
^{(vote #442)}
^{Senate agreed}
^{to conference}
^report
^September
^{25, 1}⁹⁹⁷
^93-5
^{(vote #258)}
^{Became P.L.}
^105-⁵⁶
^{October 8,}
¹⁹⁹⁷
^{Line item}
^{veto by the}
^President
^{October 21,}
¹⁹⁹⁷
^{H.Con.Res. 22}⁷^{Directed the President, pu}^rsua^nt^{to Section 5(c) of the}^Measur^e
^{Bosnia and Herzegovina}^{War Powers Resolution, to remove U.S. Armed Forces}^{rejected in}
^{U.S. Tr}^{oop Removal bil}^l^{from the Re}^pu^{blic of Bosnia-Herzegovina.}^House
^March¹^8,
¹⁹⁹⁸
^193-²²⁵
^{(vote #58)}
^{S.Amdt. 23}¹⁶^to^{Craig amendment to add languag}^{e to the resolution of}^{Rejected in}
^{Treaty 105-}³⁶^{ratification that would require C}^{ongress and t}^{he President}^Senate
^{Protocols to the NATO}^{to enact legislation specifically authorizing the continu}^ed^{April 30,}
^{Treaty of 19}⁴⁹^on^{deployment of U.S. troops in Bosnia before t}^{he United}¹⁹⁹⁸
^{Accession of Poland,}^{States ratifies the NATO e}^xpa^nsi^{on treaty.}^20-8⁰
^Hunga^{ry, and Czech}^{(vote #110)}

^Republic

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 23}²⁸^to^{B. Smith amendment to add langu}^{age to the resolution of}^{Rejected in}¹⁰⁵^th
^{Treaty 105-}³⁶^{ratification that would require}^bo^{th hous}^{es of Congress}^to^Senate
^{Protocols to the NATO}^{vote on legislati}^{on, prior to ratifi}^{cation of NATO}^{April 30,}
^{Treaty of 19}⁴⁹^on^expa^{nsion, that would authorize}^{continued U.S. troop}¹⁹⁹⁸
^{Accession of Poland,}^{deployments to Bosnia.}^16-8³
^Hunga^{ry, and Czech}^{(vote #116)}
^Republic
^{H.R. 3}⁶¹⁶^{Frank motion to recommit the}^{bill to the National Security}^{Rejected in}
^{(P.L. 105-26}¹⁾^{Committee with instructions to r}^{eport it back with}^an^House
^{Strom Thurmond}^{amendment t}^hat^{no fu}^{nds ap}^prop^{riated for the}^{May 2}^{1, 19}⁹⁸
^{National Defense}^Department^{of Defense}^{for FY19}^{99 may}^be^{used for t}^he^167-²⁵¹
^{Authorization Act for}^{deployment of U.S. Armed Forces in the Re}^pu^{blic of}^{(vote #182)}
^{Fiscal Year 199}⁹^{Bosnia-Herzegovina after Decem}^ber^{31, 1}⁹⁹^{8, unless}^{a law}
^{has bee}^{n e}^{nacted that}^ex^{plicitly a}^{uthorizes the de}^ployment
^{of such a}^{rmed forces.}
^{S. 20}⁵⁷^{An original bill to authorize appr}^{opriations for FY199}^{9 for}^Measur^e
^{National Defense}^{military activit}^{ies of the Departm}^{ent of Defen}^{se ... and for}^{passed Senate}
^{Authorization Act for}^{other p}^urposes.^{June 25, 19}⁹⁸
^{Fiscal Year 199}⁹^88-4
^{(vote #181)}
^{S.Amdt. 29}⁷⁵^to^S.^{Thurmond ame}^ndment^{to exp}^res^{s the se}^{nse of Congr}^ess^{Agreed to in}
²⁰⁵⁷^{that U.S. ground forces s}^{hould n}^{ot remain in Bosnia}^Senate
^{indefinitely, and that the Presiden}^{t should work with}^{June 24, 19}⁹⁸
^{NATO to withdraw U.S. forces “within a reasona}^ble^90-5
^{period of time.”}^{(vote #170)}
^{S.Amdt. 29}⁷⁷^to^S.^{McCain motion to table (kill) the Smith amendment t}^hat^{Agreed to in}
²⁰⁵⁷^{would prohibit fu}^{nding for U.S. ground troop deployment}^Senate
^{in Bosnia if both hous}^{es of Congr}^{ess do not vote by}^Marc^h^{June 24, 19}⁹⁸
^{31, 1}⁹⁹^{9, on legislation that would authorize continued}^65-3¹
^{deployment in Bosnia.}^{(vote #171)}
^{S. 21}³²^{An original bill making appropriat}^{ions for the Depa}^rtment^Indefinitely¹⁰⁵^th
^Department^{of Defense}^{of Defense for t}^{he fiscal year}^end^{ing Septembe}^{r 3}^{0, 19}⁹⁹^...^{postponed in}
^Approp^{riations Act,}^{and for other}^pu^rposes.^{the Senate}
¹⁹⁹⁹^{July 3}^{0, 19}⁹⁸
^(unanimous
^consent)
^{McCain motion to table (kill) the Hutchison a}^mendme^nt^{Agreed to in}
^(S.Amdt^{. 341}^{3) that would re}^quir^{e the President to r}^educe^Senate
^{U.S. combat forces in Bosnia to 6,500}^{by Feb}^ruar^{y 2, 1}⁹⁹^9,^{July 3}^{0, 19}⁹⁸
^{and by}^5,00^{0 b}^y^Octobe^{r 1,}¹⁹⁹⁹^.^68-3¹
^{(vote #249)}

On March 24, 1999, President Clinton ordered U.S. military forces to begin air strikes against the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in cooperation with the NATO-led
operation. The strike was ordered in response to Yugoslavia’s campaign of violence against ethnic
Albanians in the province of Kosovo. On June 3, 1999, Yugoslavia agreed to a peace plan calling
for withdrawal of Yugoslav forces from Kosovo to include an international peacekeeping force.
On June 10, 1999, NATO air strikes were halted, and Yugoslav forces withdrew their military
forces from Kosovo by June 20, 1999.

Congress, while not authorizing directly, and in advance, this military action, introduced and
voted on several legislative measures related to deployment of U.S. military forces for combat or
peacekeeping in the Balkan region. The House adopted H.Con.Res. 42 on March 11, 1999, which
authorized the President to send troops as peacekeepers; the Senate passed a non-binding
resolution (S.Con.Res. 21) on March 23, 1999, that expressed the sense of Congress that the
President was authorized to conduct military air operations in cooperation with NATO allies
against Yugoslavia. However, the House later defeated the Senate resolution, on April 28, 1999.
Other House or Senate votes sent conflicting signals in addressing funding related to troop
deployments in the region, declaration of war issues, and executive and congressional roles in
sending U.S. military forces abroad.
For more detailed contextual and legislative history, see CRS Report RL33532, War Powers
Resolution: Presidential Compliance, by Richard F. Grimmett, and CRS Report RL31053,
Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence, by Julie Kim and Steven Woehrel. The ^th
following legislation is representative of what was introduced and voted on in the 106 Congress.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.Res. 103} ^{Provides for consideration of the concur}^rent^resolution,^Measur^e¹⁰⁶^th
^{H.Con.Res. 42, regarding the}^use^{of U.S. Armed Forces as}^{agreed to in}
^{part of a}^{NATO peace}^{keeping op}^{eration implementing a}^House
^{Kosovo peace agreement. Motion to order the}^previous^March¹^{1, 19}⁹⁹
^{question (th}^{us e}^{nding debate a}ⁿ^d^{the possibility of}^218-²⁰¹
^{amendment) on adoption of}^{H.Res. 103.}^{(vote #46)}
^{H.Con.Res. 42}^{A concur}^rent^{resolution authoriz}^{ing the President to deploy}^Measur^e
^Peacekeeping^{U.S. Armed Forces personnel to}^{Kosovo as part of a}^{agreed to in}
^{Operations in}^{NATO peaceke}^{eping ope}^{ration implementing a Kosovo}^House
^{Kosovo Reso}^lution ^{peace agree}^{ment, su}^{bject to cert}^{ain limitati}^ons^March¹^{1, 19}⁹⁹
^219-¹⁹¹
^{(vote #49)}
^{H.Amdt. 25}^to^{Fowler amendment to limit the deployment of U.S. Armed}^{Rejected in}
^{H.Con.Res. 42} ^{Forces to Kosovo and to not authorize the President to}^House
^{deploy ground forces as}^part^{of a}^{NATO peace}^keeping^March¹^{1, 19}⁹⁹
^operation.^178-²³⁷
^{(vote #48)}
^{S. 54}⁴^{An original bill making emergency}^sup^plemental^Cloture
^Emerge^ncy^approp^{riations and rescissions fo}^{r recovery}^{from nat}^ural^motion
^Suppleme^ntal^{disasters, and foreign assistance, f}^{or the fiscal year e}^nding^{rejected in}
^Approp^{riations Act}^September³^{0, 19}^{99, and}^{for oth}^{er p}^{urposes. Ma}^rch²^3,^Senate
^{for Fiscal Year 199}⁹ ¹⁹⁹^{9: Cloture motion (thus}^limiti^{ng debate) on t}^{he Lott}^March²^{3, 19}⁹⁹
^{amendment (S.Amdt. 12}^{4) to the}^Hutc^{hison amendme}^nt^55-4⁴
^(S.Amdt^{. 81) to prohibit t}^{he use}^{of funds}^{for military}^{(vote #55)}
^{operations in Yugoslavia unless C}^{ongress ena}^{cts s}^pecific^Measur^e
^{authorizations in law for the con}^{duct of those ope}^rations.^{passed Senate}
^March²^{3, 19}⁹⁹
^{(voice vote)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Con.Res. 21}^{A concur}^rent^{resolution authoriz}^{ing the President of t}^he^Measur^e¹⁰⁶^th
^{United States to conduct military air operations and missile}^{agreed to in}
^{strikes against Yugoslavia.}^Senate
^March²^{3, 19}⁹⁹
^58-4¹
^{(vote #57)}
^Measur^e
^{rejected in}
^House
^{April 28, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^213-²¹³
^{(vote #103)}
^{H.Res. 130} ^Exp^resses^{the s}^u^p^{port of t}^{he Ho}^{use of Repr}^esentatives^for^Measur^e
^{the mem}^{bers of t}^{he U.S. Armed Forces who are e}^{ngaged in}^{agreed to in}
^{military operations against Yugoslavia.}^House
^March²^{4, 19}⁹⁹
^424-¹
^{(vote #71)}
^{H.R. 1}¹⁴¹^{A bill making emergency}^su^pplem^{ental app}^{ropriations for}^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 106-31)}^{the fiscal year e}^{nding Septem}^ber^{30, 1}⁹⁹^{9, and for othe}^r^{passed House}
¹⁹⁹^{9 Emerge}^ncy^pur^poses—p^{rovides $15}^{billion for Central American}^March²^{4, 19}⁹⁹
^Suppleme^ntal^huma^{nitarian relief, aid to Jordan,}^{U.S. farmer assistance,}^220-²¹¹
^Approp^{riations Act} ^{and U.S. mil}^{itary and huma}^{nitarian operations in t}^he^{(vote #70)}
^Balkans.^Measur^e
^{passed Senate,}
^{as amended, in}
^{lieu of S. 544}
^March²^{4, 19}⁹⁹
^{(voice vote)}
^{House adopted}
^conferen^ce
^report
^{May 1}^{8, 19}⁹⁹
^269-¹⁵⁸
^{(vote #133)}
^{Senate adopted}
^conferen^ce
^report
^{May 2}^{0, 19}⁹⁹
^64-3⁶
^{(vote #136)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.Res. 151} ^{Provides for consideration of the bill (H.R}^{. 156}^{9) to prohibit}^Measur^e¹⁰⁶^th
^{the use}^{of fu}^{nds ap}^prop^{riated to the Depart}^{ment of}^{agreed to in}
^{Defense f}^{rom being}^{used for t}^he^{deployment of ground}^House
^{elements of the}^{U.S. Armed Forces in Yugoslavia unless t}^hat^{April 28, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^{deployment is specifically authori}^{zed by law; for}^213-²¹⁰
^{consideration of the conc}^urre^nt^{resolution (H.Con.Res. 82)}^{(vote #99)}
^{directing the President, p}^urs^uant^{to Section 5(c) of the War}
^{Powers Resolution, to remove U.}^{S. Armed Forces from}
^{their positions in conne}^{ction with the}^prese^{nt ope}^rations
^{against Yugoslavia; for considerati}^{on of the joint resolution}
^{(H.J.Res. 44) declaring a state of}^{war betwee}^{n th}^{e United}
^{States and the}^Govern^{ment of Y}^{ugoslavia; and for}
^{consideration of the conc}^urre^nt^{resolution (S.C}^{on.Res. 21)}
^{authorizing the President}^{of the}^{United States to conduct}
^{military air operations and missile strikes against Yugoslavia.}
^{H.R. 1}⁵⁶⁹^{A bill to prohibit the use}^{of fu}^nds^appro^{priated to the}^Measur^e
^{Military Operations in}^Department^{of Defense}^from^{being used}^{for the}^{passed House}
^{the Federal Repu}^blic^{deployment of ground eleme}^nts^{of the U.S. Armed Forces}^{April 28, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^{of Yugoslavia}^{in Yugoslavia unless that de}^{ployment is specifically}^249-¹⁸⁰
^{Limitation Act of}^{authorized by law.}^{(vote #100)}
¹⁹⁹⁹
^{H.Con.Res. 82} ^{A concur}^rent^{resolution directing the President, p}^urs^uant^Measur^e
^{to Section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove}^{rejected in}
^{U.S. Armed Forces from their po}^{sitions in connection with}^House
^{the p}^resent^{operations against Y}^ugoslavia.^{April 28, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^139-²⁹⁰
^{(vote #101)}
^H.J.Res^{. 44}^{A joint resolution declaring a state of war betwe}^{en t}^he^Measur^e¹⁰⁶^th
^{United States and the gover}^nmeⁿ^t^{of Yugoslavia}^{rejected in}
^House
^{April 28, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^2-42⁷
^{(vote #102)}
^{S.J.Res. 20} ^{A joint resolution authorizing the}^{President to use all}^{Motion to}
^necessar^{y force a}^{nd other m}^eans,^{in concert with}^{the U.S.}^{table agreed to}
^allies^{, to accomplish U.S. and NATO objectives in}^{in Senate}
^Yugoslavia.^{May 4, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^78-2²
^{(vote #98)}
^{H.Res. 159} ^{Provides for consideration of the bill (H.R}^{. 166}^{4) making}^Measur^e
^emergency^su^ppleme^{ntal app}^ropr^{iations for military}^{agreed to in}
^{operations, refugee}^{relief, and hu}^{manitarian assistance}^House
^{relating to the conflict in Kosovo ... for the fiscal year}^{May 6, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^{ending Septem}^ber^{30, 1}⁹⁹^{9, and f}^{or other p}^u^r^poses.^253-¹⁷¹
^{(vote #116)}
^{H.R. 1}⁶⁶⁴^{A bill (as introduced) making emergency}^su^pplemental^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 106-51)}^approp^{riations for military operat}^{ions, refugee relief, and}^{passed House}
^{Kosovo Emergency}^huma^{nitarian assistance}^{relating t}^o^{the conflict in Kosovo ..}^.^{as amended}
^Suppleme^ntal^{for the fiscal year}^{ending Septe}^m^ber^{30, 1}⁹⁹^{9, and for othe}^r^{May 6, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^Approp^{riations bill} ^pur^poses—p^{rovided $13.1}^billion^{relating to Kosovo}^311-¹⁰⁵
^{operations and other}^p^{urposes (}^{Kosovo-relate}^d^{(vote #120)}

^sup^{plemental fu}^{nding was}^{ultimately removed from this}
^legislat^{ion and included in H.R. 1141).}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.Amdt. 68}^to^H.R.^{Obey ame}^ndment^{to provide the}^{President’s funding}^{Rejected in}
¹⁶⁶⁴ ^reque^{st for military operations in}^{Kosovo, etc.}^House
^{May 6, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^164-²⁶⁰
^{(vote #118)}
^{H.Amdt. 76}^to^H.R.^{Istook amendment to}^{prohibit f}^u^{nding for the}^{Rejected in}
¹⁶⁶⁴^{implementation of any}^{plan to inv}^{ade Yugoslavia with}^House
^{ground forces, e}^xcept^{in time of}^war.^{May 6, 1}⁹⁹⁹
^117-³⁰¹
^{(vote #119)}
^{S. 10}⁵⁹^{An original bill to authorize appr}^{opriations for FY200}^{0 for}^Measur^e¹⁰⁶^th
^{(P.L. 106-65)}^{military activit}^{ies of the Departm}^{ent of Defen}^{se ... and for}^{passed Senate}
^{National Defense}^{other p}^urposes.^{as amended}
^{Authorization Act for}^{May 2}^{7, 19}⁹⁹
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁰ ^92-3
^{(vote #154)}
^Measur^e
^{passed House,}
^{in lieu of H.R.}
¹⁴⁰¹
^{June 14, 19}⁹⁹
^{(voice vote)}
^{House adopted}
^conferen^ce
^report
^September¹^5,
¹⁹⁹⁹
^375-⁴⁵
^{(vote #424)}
^{Senate adopted}
^conferen^ce
^report
^September²^2,
¹⁹⁹⁹
^{(voice vote)}
^{S.Amdt. 38}³^to^S.^{Specter ame}^{ndment to direct t}^h^e^{President, purs}^uan^{t to the}^{Motion to}
¹⁰⁵⁹ ^{U.S. C}^{onstitution and the War P}^{owers Resolution, to seek}^{table agreed to}
^{approval from Cong}^ress^{prior to the introduction of grou}^nd^{in Senate}
^{troops from the}^{U.S. Armed Forces in conn}^{ection with the}^{May 2}^{5, 19}⁹⁹
^prese^{nt operations against}^Yugos^{lavia or funding for t}^hat^52-4⁸
^{operation will not be authorized.}^{(vote #145)}
^{S.Amdt. 40}⁶^to^S.^{B. Smith amendment to p}^{rohibit, effective Octobe}^{r 1,}¹⁹^99,^{Motion to}
¹⁰⁵⁹ ^{the use}^{of fu}^{nds for military oper}^{ations in Yugoslavia unless}^{table agreed to}
^{Congress ena}^{cts sp}^{ecific authoriz}^{ation in law for the}^{in Senate}
^{conduct of those op}^erations.^{May 2}^{6, 19}⁹⁹
^77-2¹
^{(vote #151)}
^{H.R. 1}⁴⁰¹^{A bill to authorize appropriations}^{for fiscal years}²⁰^{00 a}^nd^Measur^e
^{National Defense}²⁰⁰^{1 for}^{military activities of the Department}^{of Defense}^...^{passed House}
^{Authorization Act for}^{and for other}^pu^rposes.^{June 10, 19}⁹⁹
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁰ ^365-⁵⁸
^{(vote #191)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.Amdt. 16}⁰^to^{Souder amendment to}^{prohibit a}^{ny FY20}⁰⁰^fu^{nding for}^{Rejected in}¹⁰⁶^th
^{H.R. 1}⁴⁰¹^{military operations in Yugoslavia.}^House
^{June 10, 19}⁹⁹
^97-3²⁸
^{(vote #187)}
^{H.Amdt. 16}¹^to^{Skelton amendment to delete lan}^{guage which}^pro^{hibits any}^{Agreed to in}
^{H.R. 1}⁴⁰¹^{funding for}^{combat or}^peacekee^p^{ing operations in}^House
^{Yugoslavia after September}³^{0, 1}^999;^{retains lang}^{uage w}^hich^{June 10, 19}⁹⁹
^requires^{the Pre}^{sident to req}^uest^sup^plemental^270-¹⁵⁵
^approp^{riations in order to condu}^{ct combat or}^peacekee^ping^{(vote #189)}
^{operations in Yugoslavia.}

On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States with a coordinated series of aircraft
hijackings and suicide crashes into populated buildings. Two airplanes crashed into the twin
towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, causing their complete destruction. Another
airplane crashed into the Pentagon, and a fourth airplane crashed in southwestern Pennsylvania
(near Shanksville) after passengers attempted to take control of the aircraft in order to prevent it
from crashing into an important symbol of democracy and freedom, perhaps in the Washington,
D.C. area. Over 3,000 people lost their lives in these terrorist attacks.
Consequently, on September 14, 2001, Congress passed a joint resolution, which “authorizes the
President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or
persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred
on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future
acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations, or
persons.” It further states that the act is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization
within the meaning of the War Powers Resolution. President George W. Bush signed the joint
resolution into law on September 18, 2001. On October 9, 2001, President Bush reported in a
letter to Congress that U.S. Armed Forces had begun combat action in Afghanistan against the Al
Qaeda terrorists and their Taliban supporters starting at 12:30 p.m. (EDT) on October 7, 2001.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^H.J.Res^{. 64}^{Joint resolution to authorize the}^{use of United States armed}^Measur^e¹⁰⁷^th
^{Authorization for}^{forces against t}^{hose res}^{ponsible f}^{or the rece}^{nt (Septem}^ber^{passed House}
^{Use of Military Force}^{11, 2}⁰⁰^{1) attacks lau}^{nched again}^s^t^{the United States.}^September¹^4,
²⁰⁰¹
^420-¹
^{(vote #342)}
^{S.J.Res. 23}^a^{Joint resolution to authorize the}^{use of United States armed}^Measur^e
^{(P.L. 107-40)} ^{forces against t}^{hose res}^{ponsible f}^{or the rece}^{nt (Septem}^ber^{passed Senate}
^{11, 2}⁰⁰^{1) attacks lau}^{nched again}^s^t^{the United States.}^September¹^4,
²⁰⁰¹
^98-0
^{(vote #281)}
^a.^{For a legislat}^{ive history of P.L. 10}^{7-40, see CRS Report RS2}²³⁵^7,^{Authorization For Use Of Milita}^{ry Force in}
^Respon^{se to the 9/11 Attacks (}^P.L.^{107-40): Legislative History}^{, by Richard F. Grimmett.}

On October 10, 2002, after several days of debate, the House passed H.J.Res. 114, which
authorized the use of military force against Iraq. The Senate had considered its own measure,
S.J.Res. 45, beginning on October 3, but indefinitely postponed it, and passed H.J.Res. 114
instead on October 11, 2002. As enacted into law, the joint resolution provides authorization for
the use of military force against Iraq and expresses support for the President’s efforts to
(1) strictly enforce through the United Nations Security Council all relevant Security Council
resolutions regarding Iraq; and
(2) obtain prompt and decisive action by the Security Council to ensure that Iraq abandons its
strategy of delay, evasion, and noncompliance and promptly and strictly complies with all
relevant Security Council resolutions.
In addition, it authorizes the President to use the U.S. Armed Forces to (1) defend U.S. national
security against the continuing threat posed by Iraq; and (2) enforce all relevant Security Council
resolutions regarding Iraq. It directs the President, prior to or as soon as possible (but no later
than 48 hours) after exercising such authority, to make available to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate his determination that
(1) reliance on further diplomatic or peaceful means alone will not achieve the above
purposes; and
(2) acting pursuant to this joint resolution is consistent with the United States and other
countries continuing to take necessary actions against international terrorists and terrorist
organizations, including those who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist
attacks of September 11, 2001.
It declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization for use of the
armed forces, consistent with the requirements of the War Powers Resolution. Finally, it requires
the President to report to Congress at least every 60 days on matters relevant to this resolution.
The war with Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom) began on March 19, 2003, with an aerial attack
against a location where Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was suspected to be meeting with top
Iraqi officials. U.S. and British troops entered Iraq on March 20, 2003, and while the invasion
encountered resistance, particularly in its early stages, U.S. forces had largely gained control of
Baghdad by April 9, 2003. The northern cities of Kirkuk and Mosul fell shortly afterward, and on
April 14, 2003, U.S. troops entered Tikrit, Saddam’s birthplace and the last major population
center outside coalition control. On April 15, 2003, President Bush declared that “the regime of
Saddam Hussein is no more.”

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^H.J.Res^{. 11}⁴^{Joint resolution to authorize the}^{use of United States Armed Forc}^es^Measur^e¹⁰⁷^th
^{(P.L. 107-24}³⁾^{against Iraq.}^{passed House}
^{October 10,}
²⁰⁰²
^296-¹³³
^{(vote #455)}
^Measur^e
^{passed Senate}
^{October 11,}
²⁰⁰²
^77-2³
^{(vote #237)}
^{H.Amdt. 60}⁸^{B. Lee amendment t}^{hat would u}^r^{ge the President to work t}^hroug^h^{Rejected in}
^to^H.J.Res^.^{the United Nations to e}^nsur^{e tha}^{t Iraq is}^{not developing weapons}^of^House
¹¹⁴^{mass destru}^{ction, and to urge t}^h^e^{use of}^peacef^{ul means to r}^esolve^{October 10,}
^{the issue, including t}^{he res}^um^{ption of weapon}^{s inspe}^ctions.²⁰⁰²
^72-3⁵⁵
^{(vote #452)}
^{H.Amdt. 60}⁹^{Spratt amendme}^{nt to aut}^{horize the U.S. mil}^{itary to support}^anyⁿ^ew^{Rejected in}¹⁰⁷^th
^to^H.J.Res^.^{U.N. Security Council resolution that orders t}^{he elimination, by}^House
¹¹⁴^{force if req}^{uired, of Iraq’s wea}^{pons of mass dest}^{ruction, long-rang}^e^{October 10,}
^{missiles, and the means of}^produ^{cing suc}^{h weapo}^{ns. The Presiden}^t²⁰⁰²
^{would be req}^{uired to seek congr}^{essional authority before}^using^155-²⁷⁰
^{military force against Iraq}^withou^{t such}^{a U.N. resolution.}^{(vote #453)}
^{Kucinich motion to recommit th}^{e bill to the House I}^nter^national^{Rejected in}
^{Relations Committee with instructions that it be}^reported^{back wi}^th^House
^{language that wo}^{uld require}^the^{President, prior to the u}^{se of for}^ce,^{October 10,}
^{to report to Congress on}^{the e}^f^f^{ect of war with I}^{raq, including}²⁰⁰²
^{estimates of its impact on t}^{he U.S. economy, Iraqi citizens, and}^101-³²⁵
^{international stability.}^{(vote #454)}
^{S.J.Res. 45} ^{Joint resolution to authorize the}^{use of United States Armed Forc}^es^Indefinitely
^{against Iraq.}^{postponed b}^y
^Senate
^{October 11,}
²⁰⁰²
^(unanimous
^consent)
^{McCain motion to table the}^Grah^{am amendme}^{nt (S.Amdt. 4857) t}^o^{Agreed to in}
^{the Lieber}^{man s}^u^b^{stitute ame}^{ndment (S.Amdt. 485}^{6). The Gra}^ha^m^Senate
^{amendment wo}^{uld authorize the}^{use of force again}^{st Ira}^{q and}^five^{October 9,}
^{terrorist organizations. It would require t}^{he Administration to}²⁰⁰²
^{report to Congress}^{that diplomatic options have bee}^{n e}^xha^{usted n}^o^88-1
^{later than}⁴⁸^hours^{after a}^{ction h}^{as begu}^{n. The President wo}^{uld be}^{(vote #231)}
^{required to re}^{port to Congress}^a^t^{least every}^{60 days.}
¹⁰⁷^th^S.Amdt.^{Byrd amendment}^{to the Lieb}^erm^{an su}^{bstitute am}^endme^{nt (S.Amdt.}^{Rejected in}
⁴⁸⁶⁹^to⁴⁸⁵^{6). The Byrd ame}^ndment^{would provide for the te}^{rmination of}^Senate
^{S.J.Res. 45}^{congressional authorization of th}^{e use of forc}^{e 1}²^mont^{hs afte}^{r th}^e^{October 10,}
^{resolution’s enactment, u}^{nless t}^h^e^{President certifies that}^an²⁰⁰²
^{extension is n}^ecessary^{and Congr}^{ess does not pass a}^joint^31-6
^{resolution disapproving of the}^ex^tension.^{(vote #232)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{Motion to invoke cloture (thus limiting debate) on the}^Liebermaⁿ^{Agreed to in}
^substitute^amendme^{nt (S.Amdt. 4856) t}^{hat would aut}^{horize the u}^s^e^Senate
^{of force against Ira}^{q a}^{nd req}^{uire t}^{he Administration to report to}^{October 10,}
^{Congress that}^{diplomatic options}^have^{been e}^xha^usted^{no later th}^an²⁰⁰²
⁴⁸^{hours a}^{fter military action has}^begu^{n. The President also would}^75-2⁵
^{be re}^{quired to su}^{bmit a p}^rogress^{report to Congres}^{s at least ever}^y^{(vote #233)}
^{60 days.}
^S.Amdt.^{Byrd amendment}^{to the Lieb}^erm^{an su}^{bstitute am}^endme^{nt (S.Amdt.}^{Rejected in}
⁴⁸⁶⁸^to⁴⁸⁵^{6). The Byrd ame}^ndment^{would clarify that any}^aut^{horization of}^Senate
^{S.J.Res. 45}^{the use}^{of force against}^Ira^{q would not alter the constit}^utional^{October 10,}
^{authority of Congress}^{to declare}^{war. It also would clarify that no}²⁰⁰²
^additi^{onal authority not directly r}^{elated to a clear threat of}^14-8⁶
^{imminent, sudden, and direct atta}^{ck on the U}^{nited States be gra}^nt^ed^{(vote #234)}
^{to the President u}^{nless Congres}^s^{authorizes it.}
^S.Amdt.^{Levin amendme}^{nt to the}^Lieber^m^{an su}^{bstitute am}^endme^{nt (S.Amdt.}^{Rejected in}¹⁰⁷^th
⁴⁸⁶²^to⁴⁸⁵^{6). The Levin}^amendme^{nt wo}^{uld authorize the}^{use of force}^Senate
^{S.J.Res. 45}^{against Iraq}^{if it failed to comply with a new U.N. resolution that}^{October 10,}
^{demanded un}^{restricted access}^{for U.N. weapons ins}^{pectors in}^Ira^q²⁰⁰²
^{and authorized the}^{use of military force by}^{U.N. membe}^{rs to}^24-7⁵
^{enforce t}^{he resolution. Congress}^{could retur}^{n to session at a}^ny^{(vote #235)}
^{time to promptly consider p}^ropo^{sals related to Iraq if the}^U.N.
^{failed to adopt such a resolution.}
^S.Amdt.^{Durbin ame}^ndmen^{t to the Lie}^ber^{man su}^{bstitute a}^mendme^nt^{Rejected in}
⁴⁸⁶⁵^to^(S.Amdt^{. 485}^{6). The Dur}^{bin ame}^{ndment would aut}^{horize the}^use^of^Senate
^{S.J.Res. 45}^{military force to cover an “immin}^{ent th}^{reat” by}^Ira^{q’s weapons}^of^{October 10,}
^{mass destru}^{ction, rather t}^{han a}^“^{continuing t}^hreat”^{by Ira}^q.²⁰⁰²
^30-7⁰
^{(vote #236)}
^{S.Res. 9}⁵ ^{A resolution commending the}^Pr^{esident and the a}^{rmed forces}^of^Measur^e¹⁰⁸^th
^{the United States of America in t}^{he conflict against I}^raq.^{agreed to in}
^Senate
^March²^0,
²⁰⁰³
^99-0
^{(vote #61)}
^H.Con.Res.^{A concur}^rent^{resolution exp}^ressi^{ng the}^su^{pport a}^{nd ap}^{preciation of}^Measur^e
¹⁰⁴ ^{the nation for t}^{he President}^{and t}^{he mem}^{bers of t}^{he ar}^{med forces}^{agreed to in}
^{who are pa}^{rticipating in O}^{peration Ira}^{qi Freedom.}^House
^March²^1,
²⁰⁰³
^392-¹¹
^{(vote #83)}

On March 25, 2003, President Bush requested $74.8 billion in the FY2003 Emergency
Supplemental for the ongoing military operations in Iraq, postwar occupation, reconstruction and
relief in Iraq, and international assistance to countries contributing to the war in Iraq or the global
war on terrorism. The cost of the continued U.S. presence in Afghanistan and additional funds for
homeland security were also included. H.R. 1559, enacted into law as P.L. 108-11 on April 16,
2003, provided $78.49 billion in funding for these purposes. The Senate passed H.R. 1559 in lieu
of its version, S. 762, by unanimous consent.

On September 17, 2003, President Bush formally requested an additional $87 billion for the
ongoing military operations and for reconstruction assistance in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere.
H.R. 3289 (FY2004 supplemental appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the global war on
terrorism) was enacted into law as P.L. 108-106 on November 6, 2003, providing $87.5 billion in
funding. The House approved the conference agreement by a roll call vote on October 31, 2003,
and the Senate approved the conference agreement by voice vote on November 3, 2003. Earlier,
on October 17, 2003, the Senate had approved its own version of the measure, S. 1689, but
vitiated its passage and returned the bill to the Senate Calendar.
^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 1}⁵⁵⁹^{A bill making emergency}^wartime^sup^plemental^Measur^{e pass}^ed¹⁰⁸^th
^{(P.L. 108-11)}^approp^{riations for the}^{fiscal year}^{ending Septem}^ber^House
^Emerge^{ncy Wartime}^{30, 2}⁰⁰^{3, and for othe}^{r p}^u^r^poses.^{April 3, 20}⁰³
^Suppleme^ntal^414-¹²
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}⁰³^{(vote #108)}
^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{Senate in lieu of}
^{S. 762}
^{April 7, 20}⁰³
^(unanimous
^consent)
^{House adopted}
^conferen^ce
^{report Ap}^{ril 12,}
²⁰⁰³
^{(voice vote)}
^{Senate adopted}
^conferen^ce
^{report Ap}^{ril 12,}
²⁰⁰³
^(unanimous
^consent)
^{S. 76}²^{An original bill making suppleme}ⁿ^{tal appropriations to}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^Suppleme^ntal^sup^{port Depart}^{ment of Defe}^nse^{operations in Ira}^q,^Senate
^Approp^{riations Act to}^Department^{of Homeland Securit}^{y, and related efforts}^{April 3, 20}⁰³
^{Support De}^partme^{nt of}^{for the fiscal year}^{ending Septe}^m^ber^{30, 2}⁰⁰^{3, and for}^93-0
^{Defense O}^{perations in}^Iraq^{other p}^urposes.^{(vote #125)}
^{for Fiscal Year 200}³
^{Cochran motion to table the}^{Hollings amendment}^{Motion agreed}¹⁰⁸^th
⁽^{S.Amdt. 47}⁹^{)that would expre}^{ss the se}^{nse of t}^he^{to in Senate}
^{Senate that t}^{he President s}^{hould submit a r}^{eport to}^{April 3, 20}⁰³
^{the Senate Fina}^{nce Committee on a plan}^{to raise}^79-1⁸
^reven^{ues to offset t}^{he f}^{unds in}^th^{e bill spent on t}^he^{(vote #121)}
^{war with Ira}^q.
^{S.Amdt. 45}⁵^to^{S. 7}⁶²^{Kohl amendment to ap}^prop^{riate $60}^{0 million for food}^{Agreed to in}
^{assistance to the}^{people of Ira}^q.^Senate
^{April 3, 20}⁰³
^67-2⁶
^{(vote #124)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 3}²⁸⁹^{A bill making emergency}^su^pplem^{ental app}^ropriations^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 108-10}⁶⁾^{for defense a}^{nd for t}^{he recon}^stru^{ction of Iraq a}^nd^House
^Emerge^{ncy Su}^ppleme^ntal^Afghanistan^{for the}^{fiscal year e}ⁿ^{ding September}^30,²⁰⁰^{4, and for ot}^her^pur^poses.^{October 17,}²⁰⁰³
^Approp^{riations Act for}^303-¹²⁵
^{Defense and}^{for the}^{(vote #562)}
^{Reconstruction of I}^{raq a}^nd
^{Afghanistan, 20}⁰⁴^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{Senate with an}
^amendment
^{October 17,}
²⁰⁰³
^(unanimous
^consent)
^{House adopted}
^conferen^ce
^report
^{October 31,}
²⁰⁰³
^298-¹¹
^{(vote #601)}
^{Senate adopted}
^conferen^ce
^report
^{November 3,}
²⁰⁰³
^{(voice vote)}
^{H.Amdt. 40}⁹^to^H^.R.^{Obey ame}^ndment^{to req}^{uire that}^{half of all}^{Rejected in}
³²⁸⁹^reconstr^{uction aid to Iraq}^{be in t}^{he form of loans.}^House
^{October 16,}
²⁰⁰³
^200-²²⁶
^{(vote #546)}
^{H.Amdt. 40}⁷^to^H^.R.^{Obey ame}^ndment^{to trans}^{fer $}^{3.6 billion in Iraq}^{Rejected in}¹⁰⁸^th
³²⁸⁹^reconstr^{uction fu}^{nds for}^quality^{of life enhance}^ments^House
^{for U.S. service members.}^{October 16,}
²⁰⁰³
^209-²¹⁶
^{(vote #547)}
^{H.Amdt. 41}⁰⁹^to^H.R.^{Waxman ame}^ndment^{to reduce}^I^{raqi reconst}^ruction^{Rejected in}
³²⁸⁹^{funds in}^the^{bill by $2}⁵⁰^milli^on.^House
^{October 16,}
²⁰⁰³
^197-²²⁴
^{(vote #548)}
^{H.Amdt. 41}¹^to^H^.R.^{Kirk amendment to st}^{rike the}^pr^{ovision of the bill}^{Agreed to in}
³²⁸⁹^{that would allow noncompetitive contracts to b}^e^House
^{reported to Congress}^{seven day}^s^{after th}^{e contract}^{October 16,}
^{has bee}^{n awarded in}^{certain circ}^u^{mstances; e}^xecutive²⁰⁰³
^{agencies would be re}^{quired to inf}^{orm Congress of}^405-²⁰
^{“no-bid” contracts be}^{fore the}^{y ar}^{e offered.}^{(vote #549)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.Amdt. 41}⁵^to^H^.R.^{Holt amendment to strike}^$9⁰⁰^mill^{ion from the bill}^{Rejected in}
³²⁸⁹^{for importing pet}^{roleum product}^{s into Iraq.}^House
^{October 16,}
²⁰⁰³
^169-²⁵⁶
^{(vote #551)}
^{H.Amdt. 42}¹^to^H^.R.^{Loretta Sanchez ame}^ndment^{to b}^{ar the Secreta}^{ry of}^{Rejected in}
³²⁸⁹^{Defense f}^{rom carrying}^{out military constr}^uction^House
^{projects in exc}^{ess of $}^{1.5 million outside Iraq without}^{October 16,}
^{prior notification to Congress.}²⁰⁰³
^128-²⁹⁵
^{(vote #552)}
^{H.Amdt. 42}²^to^H^.R.^{Kind amendment to red}^{uce re}^constru^{ction fu}^{nds for}^{Rejected in}
³²⁸⁹^{Iraq in t}^he^{bill by 50}^%.^House
^{October 17,}
²⁰⁰³
^156-²⁶^{7, 1}
^Present
^{(vote #553)}
^{H.Amdt. 42}³^to^H^.R.^{Stupak ame}^{ndment to inc}^{rease m}^{ilitary pay in the}^bill^{Rejected in}
³²⁸⁹^{by $}²⁶⁵^{million to cover $1,50}⁰^bonuses^{for eac}^h^House
^servi^{ce mem}^{ber in I}^{raq a}^{nd Afg}^ha^{nistan in FY2}⁰⁰^4.^{October 17,}
²⁰⁰³
^213-²¹³
^{(vote #554)}
^{H.Amdt. 43}¹^to^H^.R.^{Sherman am}^endme^{nt to req}^uire^{normal competitive}^{Agreed to in}
³²⁸⁹^{bidding procedures}^{for all govern}^{ment cont}^racts^House
^{relating to Iraq’s oil infrastruct}^ur^e.^{October 17,}
²⁰⁰³
^248-¹⁷⁹
^{(vote #557)}
^{H.R. 3}²⁸⁹ ^{Obey motion to instr}^{uct Hous}^{e c}^{onferees to insist on}^{Motion agreed}¹⁰⁸^th
^{provisions in the Senate}^{bill that}^{would structu}^{re $}¹⁰^{to in House}
^billi^{on of the $}^20.3^{billion in reconstru}^{ction aid to}^{October 21,}
^{Iraq in t}^{he form}^{of loans su}^{bject t}^o^{certain conditions}²⁰⁰³
^{(and for other}^pur^poses).^277-¹³⁹
^{(vote #567)}
^{H.R. 3}²⁸⁹ ^{Obey motion to recommit the}^c^onferenc^{e re}^{port to}^{Motion rejected}
^{the confe}^rence^{committee with instru}^{ctions that it}^be^{in the Hou}^se
^{reported bac}^{k to the}^{House with}^{provisions that}^{October 31,}
^{would put half t}^{he re}^constr^{uction aid to Iraq in t}^he²⁰⁰³
^{form of loans (and for other}^p^urp^oses).^198-²²¹
^{(vote #600)}
^{S. 16}⁸⁹^{An original bill making emergency}^sup^plemental^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^Emerge^{ncy Su}^ppleme^ntal^approp^{riations for Ira}^{q and Afg}^ha^{nistan sec}^{urity and}^Senate
^Approp^{riations for Ira}^q^reconstr^{uction for th}^{e fiscal year}^{ending Septem}^ber^{October 17,}
^{and Afgha}^{nistan Secu}^rity^{30, 2}⁰⁰^{4, and for othe}^{r p}^u^r^poses.²⁰⁰³
^{and Reconstru}^{ction Act,}^87-1²
²⁰⁰⁴^{(vote #400)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 17}⁹⁴^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{Byrd amendment}^{to eliminate $1}^{5.2 billion of the}^{Rejected in}
^$20.3^{billion all}^{ocated for Iraqi re}^{construction e}^fforts.^Senate
^{The remaining}^$5.1^{billion would}^{be used}^{for sec}^urity,^{October 1,}
^{including pu}^{blic safety re}^quireme^{nt, national security,}²⁰⁰³
^{and justice p}^urposes.^38-5⁹
^{(vote #371)}
^{S.Amdt. 17}⁹⁵^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{McConnell amendme}^{nt that}^ex^pr^{esses the}^sense^of^{Agreed to in}
^{the Senate t}^{hanking U.S. troops s}^{erving in Ira}^{q a}^nd^Senate
^Afghanistan^{and e}^{xtending condolences to the}^families^{October 2,}
^{of those who hav}^{e bee}^{n killed or injured.}²⁰⁰³
^98-1
^{(vote #372)}
¹⁰⁸^th^{S. 16}⁸⁹^{Stevens motion to table the Biden amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 17}⁹⁶^{) that would offs}^{et Iraqi}^{to in Senate}
^reconstr^{uction costs by}^{eliminating income tax}^cuts^{October 2,}
^{enacted in 2}⁰⁰¹^{for t}^{he top}^{1% o}^f^earne^rs.²⁰⁰³
^57-4²
^{(vote #373)}
^{Stevens motion to table the L}^eah^{y amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
^{(S.Amdt. 180}³⁾^{that would remove the Coalition}^{to in Senate}
^{Provisional Authority in Iraq f}^{rom Defense}^{October 2,}
^Department^{control and place it}^{under t}^he²⁰⁰³
^{jurisdiction of the State Departm}^{ent within}^{60 days}^56-4²
^{after the}^{bill’s enactment.}^{(vote #374)}
^{Stevens motion to table the Dodd amendment}^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}¹⁷^{) that would add}^$3^{22 million to the}^{to in Senate}
^{bill’s spending on battlefield clearance and sa}^fety^{October 2,}
^equipme^{nt for U.S. troops in Ira}^q^.^{The money would}²⁰⁰³
^{be offset}^{by a r}^{eduction in I}^{raqi r}^{econstruction}^fu^nds.^49-3⁷
^{(vote #376)}
^Divisi^{on I of the Bingama}^{n ame}^{ndment (}^S.Amdt.^{Rejected in}
¹⁸³⁰^{) that would authorize the}^{Defense Depa}^rtment^Senate
^{to award the Ira}^{qi Liberation M}^e^{dal to any person}^{October 14,}
^{who served in a}^{ny ca}^{pacity in the}^{armed forces in}²⁰⁰³
^{Southwest Asia in con}^{nection with “Ope}^{ration Ira}^qi^47-4⁸
^Freedom.”^{(vote #378)}
^{Stevens motion to table the Stab}^{enow amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}²³^{) that would red}^{uce the}^amount^{to in Senate}
^{provided for Iraqi reco}^nstr^{uction by $}^5.03^{billion and}^{October 14,}
^{redirect that f}^unding^{for domestic programs. Also}²⁰⁰³
^{would express}^{the se}^{nse of t}^{he S}^{enate that}^Congress^59-3⁵
^{should consider an additional $5.03}^billi^{on in fu}^nding^{(vote #379)}
^{for Iraqi re}^constr^{uction during t}^h^e^{fiscal 20}⁰⁵^budget
^{and app}^{ropriations proces}^s.
^{Stevens motion to table the Dor}^{gan amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}²⁶^{) that would stri}^{ke $2}^{0.3 billion in}^{to in Senate}
^approp^{riations for Ira}^{qi reconstr}^{uction fu}^{nds and}^{October 14,}
^{require t}^{he President}^{to direct th}^{e head of the}²⁰⁰³
^Coalit^{ion Provisi}^{onal Authority in Iraq to esta}^{blish an}^57-3⁹
^{Iraq Reconst}^{ruction Fina}^{nce Aut}^hority.^{(vote #380)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{Stevens motion to table the Reed}^amendment^{Motion rejected}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}³⁴^{) that would authorize an additional}^{in Senate}
^10,0^{00 in A}^rmy^person^{nel. Additi}^{onal personn}^el^{October 14,}
^{would be req}^{uired to be train}^{ed, incorporated into an}²⁰⁰³
^approp^{riate force str}^uct^{ure, and}^{used for}^45-5²
^constabulary^{duty s}^uch^{as military police and light}^{(vote #382)}
^{infantry. It wo}^{uld also require tha}^{t $4}^{09 million be}
^{made available from the Ira}^{qi Fre}^{edom Fund to fu}^nd
^{the additional personnel.}
^{S.Amdt. 18}⁴⁶^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{Byrd amendment}^{to req}^{uire the}^Coalit^{ion Provisi}^onal^{Agreed to in}
^{Authority to report}^{to Congress}^quarte^{rly on the}^Senate
^{costs related to reconstr}^{uction a}^{ctivities and the}^{October 15,}
^reven^{ue p}^{rovided by foreign nati}^{ons and inter}^national²⁰⁰³
^{organizations. It would also require the Compt}^roller^97-0
^{General to condu}^{ct an o}^{ngoing audit of the Coalition}^{(vote #383)}
^{Provisional Authority to evaluate the reco}^nstr^uction
^{and secu}^{rity activities in Iraq.}
^{S.Amdt. 18}⁰⁶^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^Graham^amendme^{nt to ex}^pres^{s t}^{he sen}^{se of}^{Agreed to in}
^{Congress that}^the^{removal of the}^governme^{nt of Ira}^q^Senate
^{under Saddam H}^ussein^{has e}^nhaⁿ^{ced the sec}^{urity of}^{October 15,}
^{Israel and other}^{U.S. al}^lies.²⁰⁰³
^95-2
^{(vote #384)}
^{S. 16}⁸⁹ ^{Stevens motion to table the Byrd}^amendment^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}¹⁸^{) that would appropriate $5.1}^billion^{to in Senate}
^{in security}^{funding immediately a}^{nd up}^{to $5}^billion^{October 16,}
^{for Iraqi re}^constr^{uction fu}^{nding b}^{efore April 1. The}²⁰⁰³
^{remaining $}^10.2^{billion in reconstruction f}^unding^57-4²
^{could be released after A}^{pril 1 as}^{part of a s}^eparate^{(vote #385)}
^approp^{riations bill—but only if th}^{e United Nations}
^{had adopted a new}^{resolution au}^{thorizing a}
^{multinational military force under}^{U.S. lea}^{dership in}
^{Iraq, with U.N. leadership in}^{political and economic}
^reconstr^{uction. The President w}^{ould also be required}
^{to provide a detailed reconstruct}^{ion plan that includes}
^{an estimated sched}^{ule for the}^tra^{nsfer of}^sovereignty
^{to the Ira}^{qi people and t}^{he withd}^{rawal of troops.}
^{Stevens motion to table the La}^ut^enberg^amendme^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁶⁸^{) that would prohibit the}^{use of Ira}^qi^{to in Senate}
^reconstr^{uction fu}^{nds for a}^{ny con}^{tact or financial}^{October 16,}
^{agreement with}^{an e}^{ntity that}^pay^{s deferred}²⁰⁰³
^{compensation to the}^{President, Vice President, or a}^65-3⁴
^{Cabinet-level official}^{, or any entit}^{y in which t}^he^{(vote #386)}
^{President, Vice President, or Cabinet-level officia}^l
^{holds options to purc}^{hase more t}^han^1,00^{0 sha}^{res of}
^stock.
^{S.Amdt. 18}⁷⁴^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{McConnell amendme}^{nt to ex}^pres^{s the se}^{nse of t}^he^{Agreed to in}
^{Senate that t}^{he Secretar}^{y of Defe}^{nse s}^{hould issue}^Senate
^necessar^{y reg}^{ulations to implement and}^begin^{October 16,}
^{awarding the}^{Global War on Ter}^{rorism Medal to}²⁰⁰³
^members^{of the a}^{rmed forces}^ser^{ving in Ope}^ration^97-1
^{Iraqi Freedom, Operation}^Endu^{ring Freedom, and}^{(vote #387}⁾

^{Operation No}^{ble Eagle.}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 18}⁷⁶^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{Nickles amendment}^{to exp}^{ress t}^{he sen}^{se of the}^{Agreed to in}
^{Senate that all countries t}^hat^{hold debt from loans for}^Senate
^{the former}^Ira^{qi regime of Saddam Huss}^{ein should b}^e^{October 16,}
^{urged to forgive their de}^bt.²⁰⁰³
^98-0
^{(vote #388)}
^{S.Amdt. 18}⁷¹^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{Bayh amendme}^{nt to p}^{rovide a total of $10.3}^{billion as}^{Agreed to in}
^{a grant to re}^{build Iraq, including}^$5.1^billi^{on for}^Senate
^{security a}^{nd $5.2}^{billion for reconstru}^{ction costs. The}^{October 16,}
^{remaining $}¹⁰^{billion would be structu}^{red as a loan to}²⁰⁰³
^{be conve}^{rted to a grant if}⁹⁰^{% of}^{all bilateral debt}^51-4⁷
^incurred^{by t}^{he forme}^{r Ira}^{qi regime of Saddam}^{(vote #389)}
^{Hussein has been forgiven by}^oth^er^count^ries^(and^for
^{other related p}^urposes).
^{S.Amdt. 18}³⁷^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{Durbin ame}^ndmen^{t to req}^{uire th}^{at a federal}^{Agreed to in}
^{employee who takes leave witho}^{ut pay i}ⁿ^{order to}^Senate
^perform^{certain se}^{rvice as a me}^m^{ber of t}^he^{October 17,}
^{uniformed ser}^{vice or the}^{National Guard, be}²⁰⁰³
^reimbur^{sed for the}^differen^{ce bet}^{ween their}^salary^96-3
^{and the}^{pay and allowances t}^hey^{receive while on}^{(vote #390)}
^duty.
^{S. 16}⁸⁹ ^{Stevens motion to table the Dasc}^{hle amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁵⁴^{) that would require the Pre}^{sident to}^{to in Senate}
^{certify that}^fut^{ure a}^ppro^{priations which ex}^{ceed the}^{October 17,}
^{amount in t}^{he bill are eq}^{ual to or exceeded by}²⁰⁰³
^{contributions}^{by th}^{e inter}^{national community. The}^55-4⁴
^requirem^{ent could b}^e^{waived if the President}^provides^{(vote #391)}
^{a report to Congres}^{s that dete}^r^{mines the}^fu^{nding is in}
^{the national secu}^{rity interest}^{s of}^{the United States.}
¹⁰⁸^th^{Stevens motion to table the La}^nd^{rieu amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁵⁹^{) that would require the Pre}^{sident to}^{to in Senate}
^{direct the head of t}^{he Coalition P}^{rovisional Authority}^{October 17,}
^{in Iraq to esta}^{blish an}^Ira^{q Recon}^{struction Financ}^e²⁰⁰³
^{Authority. The Aut}^{hority would be re}^{quired to obtain}^52-4⁷
^{financing for t}^he^reconstr^uction^{of Iraq’s}^{(vote #392)}
^infrastr^uctu^{re th}^{rough t}^{he issua}ⁿ^{ce of secu}^{rities and}
^{loans and by collateralizing future}^reven^{ue f}^{rom its oil}
^reserves.
^{S.Amdt. 18}⁴³^to^S^.¹⁶⁸⁹^{Boxer amendme}^{nt to reimb}^urse^{service mem}^bers^{Agreed to in}
^{who paid for meals while hospitalized as a result of}^Senate
^{injuries or illness while in combat}^{or training since}^{October 17,}
^September¹^{1, 20}^01.²⁰⁰³
^99-0
^{(vote #393)}
^{S. 16}⁸⁹ ^{Stevens motion to table the Corz}^{ine amendme}^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁸²^{) that would esta}^{blish a 1}^2-membe^r^{to in Senate}
^independent,^{bipartisan commissi}^{on to examine a}^nd^{October 17,}
^{report on t}^{he role of policy mak}^{ers in the}²⁰⁰³
^{development and}^{use of intelligence related to Iraq}^67-3²
^{and Ope}^{ration Iraqi Freedom. Th}^{e amendment}^would^{(vote #395)}

^{authorize $5}^milli^{on for the com}^mission.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{Stevens motion to table the Byrd}^amendment^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}¹⁹^{) that would l}^imi^{t the u}^{se of}^{to in Senate}
^reconstr^{uction fu}^{nds for ce}^rtain^{programs a}^nd^{October 17,}
^{projects, reduce re}^constr^{uction f}^{unding b}^y^$^1.65²⁰⁰³
^billi^{on, and reallocate the funds}^t^o^{other pu}^rposes,^51-4⁷
^{such a}^s^{destroying conve}^{ntional weapons in I}^{raq a}^nd^{(vote #396)}
^{accelerating reconst}^{ruction in A}^f^ghanistan.
^{Stevens motion to table the Byrd}^amendment^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁸⁶^{) that would prohibit the}^{use of f}^unds^{to in Senate}
^{in the bill for the in}^{voluntary de}^{ployment overseas}^for^{October 17,}
^{Operation I}^{raqi Freedom of mem}^{bers of t}^{he National}²⁰⁰³
^{Guard a}^{nd Reserves w}^{ho have}^be^{en involuntarily}^82-1⁵
^{deployed for six months or}^more^{during th}^{e past}^six^{(vote #397)}
^years.
^{Stevens motion to table the Byrd}^amendment^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁸⁸^{) that would stri}^{ke a provision in the}^{to in Senate}
^{bill that allows the President to reallocate funds for}^{October 17,}
^{the recon}^struc^{tion of Iraq}^{and ins}^{ert a provision that}²⁰⁰³
^{would require t}^{he President to s}^{eek additional funding}^49-4⁶
^{in subs}^eq^{uent a}^p^p^{ropriations bills.}^{(vote #398)}
^{Stevens motion to table the Bro}^{wnback a}^mendme^nt^{Motion agreed}
⁽^{S.Amdt. 18}⁸⁵^{) that would dec}^{rease the a}^{mount in}^{to in Senate}
^{the bill for Iraqi r}^econstr^{uction b}^y^$6^{00 million and}^{October 17,}
^{increase th}^{e amount}^{available to the Ira}^{qi Civil}²⁰⁰³
^{Defense Corps}^by^$5^{0 million (a}^{nd for other}^55-4³
^pur^poses).^{(vote #399)}
^{H.Res. 557} ^{Commends the me}^mbe^{rs of the}^{U.S. Armed Forces}^{Agreed to in}
^{and Coaliti}^{on forces for liberatin}^{g Iraq a}^{nd ex}^press^es^House
^{its gratitude for their valiant se}^rvice.^March¹^{7, 20}⁰⁴
^327-^{93, 7}
^{Present (vote}
^#64)
^{H.Res. 627} ^Exp^resses^{deep a}^ppre^{ciation to the mem}^{bers of t}^he^{Agreed to in}
^{Armed Forces who ha}^{ve selflessly served, or are so}^House
^{serving, in Ope}^{ration Ira}^{qi Freedom.}^{May 6, 2}⁰⁰⁴
^365-⁵⁰
^{(vote #150)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S. 24}⁰⁰^{Authorizes the Secr}^{etary, during}^FY2005^thro^ugh^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 108-37}⁵⁾²⁰⁰^{9, to increase a}^s^nec^essary^by^{up to}^30,0^{00 t}^he^Senate
^{Ronald W. Reagan}^{end stre}^{ngth a}^{uthorized for the}^{Army to su}^{pport t}^he^{June 23, 20}⁰⁴
^{National Defense}^{Army’s operational mission in Ira}^{q and Afg}^hanistan^97-0
^{Authorization Act for}^{and to achieve Army}^tran^sformat^{ional reorganization}^{(vote #146)}
^{Fiscal Year 200}^5.^{objectives. Requires a fiscal year’s}^{budget to b}^e
^{amended to reflect an}^{y suc}^{h inc}^r^{ease. Authorizes}
^sup^{plemental ap}^{propriations of $}²⁵^billi^{on for DOD}
^{for FY200}^{5, to be available only f}^{or activities in}
^sup^{port of operations in}^Iraq^and^Afghanista^n.
^{Allocates such fu}^{nds among}^speci^{fied military}
^department^{and defe}^{nse-wide accounts. Allows such}
^{authorization only to the exte}^{nt t}^{hat a b}^{udget re}^quest
^{is transmitted from t}^{he President}^{to Congress that}
^{includes a designation of the r}^e^q^u^{ested amount as a}ⁿ
^emergency^{and esse}^{ntial to sup}^p^{ort activities in such}
^{countries. Provides certain tra}^nsf^{er aut}^{hority limits.}
^{Directs the Secretar}^{y to report}^{monthly to the}
^{defense a}^{nd app}^{ropriations com}^{mittees on the}^{use of}
^{such a}^{uthorized fu}^nds.
^{S.Amdt. 32}⁶⁰^to^S^.²⁴⁰⁰^{Warner ame}^ndment^{to authorize}^{to be ap}^propriated^{Agreed to in}
^{for the DOD for FY2}⁰⁰^{5, $2}⁵^{billion, to be available}^Senate
^{only for activities in sup}^{port of operations in I}^{raq a}^nd^June^{2, 2}⁰⁰⁴
^Afghanistan.^95-0
^{(vote #106)}
^{S.Amdt. 33}⁷⁹^to^S^.²⁴⁰⁰^{Biden amendment to}^{provide fun}^{ds for the se}^curity^{Rejected by}
^{and stabilization of Iraq by s}^u^s^pen^{ding a portion of the}^Senate
^{reduction in the}^highest^{income t}^{ax rate for}^individual^{June 17, 20}⁰⁴
^taxpaye^rs.^44-5³
^{(vote #130)}
^{H.Res. 691} ^Exp^resses^{gratitude to the U.S. ar}^{med forces for t}^heir^Measur^{e agreed}
^{ongoing valiant service to their c}^{ountry; offe}^rs^{to in House}
^{continued su}^pport^{to the U.S. armed forces; and}^{June 25, 20}⁰⁴
^{reaffirms t}^{hat the}^{U.S. armed forces operating in}^Iraq^352-⁵⁷
^{after J}^une^{30, 2}⁰⁰^{4, will remain u}^{nder the}^full^{(vote #319)}
^{authority and con}^{trol of their A}^{merican commande}^rs.
^{H.R. 4}⁶¹³^Approp^{riates additional funds, to be designated for}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 108-28}⁷⁾^{overseas continge}^{ncy operations,}^{to DOD for military}^House
^Department^{of Defense}^person^{nel, operation and mainte}^{nance, and}^{June 25, 20}⁰⁴
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}^05.^procure^{ment (including}^{National Guard a}^{nd reser}^ve^410-¹²
^equipme^nt).^{(vote #418)}
^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^Senate
^{July 2}^{2, 20}⁰⁴
^96-0
^{(vote #163)}
^{S.Amdt. 35}⁰²^to^H^.R.^{Byrd amendment}^{to exp}^{ress t}^he^{sense of t}^{he Senate}^{Agreed to in}
⁴⁶¹³^{that any}^req^{uest for}^fu^{nds for a}^{fiscal year for an}^Senate
^{ongoing military operation overseas, including}^{June 24, 20}⁰⁴
^{operations in Afgha}^{nistan a}^{nd Ira}^{q, should be included}^89-9
^{in the an}^nual^{budget of t}^{he Presid}^{ent; and t}^{hat any}^{(vote #147)}

^funds^{provided for suc}^{h a military operation should be}
^{provided in approp}^{riations Acts f}^{or such}^{fiscal year}
^through^ap^{propriations to specifi}^{c accounts}^{set fort}^h
^{in such}^acts.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 4}²⁰⁰^{Authorizes the Secr}^{etary of Defe}^{nse, during FY2}⁰⁰⁵^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 108-37}⁵⁾^through²⁰⁰^{9, to increase, by}^up^{to 30,00}^{0 for t}^he^House
^{Ronald W. Reagan}^{Army and}^9,00^{0 for t}^{he Ma}^{rine C}^{orps, the e}^nd^{October 10,}
^{National Defense}^strengt^{h aut}^{horized to support o}^{perational missions}²⁰⁰⁴
^{Authorization Act for}^{in Iraq a}^{nd Afg}^{hanistan. Aut}^{horizes, during FY20}^05,^359-¹⁴
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁵^{the use}^{of u}^p^{to $3}⁰⁰^{million fro}^{m DOD O&M f}^unds^{(vote #528)}
^{to provide funds for}^{the Comma}^{nders’ Eme}^rgency
^{Response Program for}^ena^{bling military commanders}
^{in Iraq to}^{respond to}^urgent^h^u^m^{anitarian relief and}
^reconstr^{uction req}^uireme^{nts, an}^{d for a similar}
^{program to assist th}^{e people of}^Afghanistan.
¹⁰⁹^th^{H.R. 1}²⁶⁸^{Provides funds for ongoing military operations in}^Iraq^Conference
^{(P.L. 109-13)}^{and Afgha}^{nistan. E}^xpre^{sses t}^{he se}^{nse of the}^Senate^{report adopted}
^FY2005^Sup^plemental^{that (1) any}^re^quest^{for fu}^{nds for}^{a fiscal year after}^{by House}
^Approp^{riations for Ira}^q²⁰⁰^{6 for a}ⁿ^{ongoing military oper}^{ation overseas,}^{May 5, 2}⁰⁰⁵
^{and Afgha}^{nistan, Tsuna}^mi^{including those in Afg}^hanistan^an^{d Iraq, should be}^368-^{58, 1}
^{Relief, and Other}^{included in the an}^nual^{budget of t}^{he President}^Present
^Activities.^{submitted to Congress; (}^{2) the P}^{resident should}^{(vote #161)}
^{submit to Congress}^{an am}^endme^{nt to the}²⁰⁰⁶^Conference
^{budget setting}^{forth detailed cost estimates for su}^ch^{report adopted}
^{operations; and (3) an}^{y fu}^{nds for}^such^pu^rposes^{by Senate}
^{should be p}^{rovided in approp}^{riations Acts th}^rough^{May 1}^{0, 20}⁰⁵
^approp^{riations to specific accoun}^{ts. Requires}^100-⁰
^additi^{onal information concerning}^such^operations,^{(vote #117)}
^{including Operations}^End^{uring Fr}^{eedom and Iraqi}
^{Freedom, to be included in repor}^{ts req}^{uired u}^nder
^{both the}^Eme^rgency^Sup^plementa^{l Appropriations Act}
^{for Defense a}^{nd for t}^{he Reconstr}^{uction of Ira}^{q and}
^Afghanistan,²⁰^{04, and t}^{he Depa}^r^{tment of Defe}^nse
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}^05.
^{S.Amdt. 46}⁴^to^H.R.^{Byrd amendment}^{that stat}^{es that}^{it is the sense of t}^he^{Agreed to in}
¹²⁶⁸^{Senate that a}^{ny re}^que^{st for f}^unds^{for a fiscal year afte}^r^{the Senate}
^FY2006^{for an}^{ongoing military operation overseas,}^{April 18, 2}⁰⁰⁵
^{including operations in Afg}^hanista^{n and I}^{raq, sho}^{uld be}^61-3¹
^{included in the President’s a}ⁿⁿ^{ual budget.}^{(vote #96)}
^{H.Amdt. 21}⁴^to^H^.R.^{Woolsey amendment to exp}^ress^{the sen}^{se of}^{Rejected in}
¹⁸¹⁵^{Congress that}^{the Pre}^{sident shou}^{ld develop a plan for}^House
^{National Defense}^{the withdrawal of U.S. mil}^{itary forces from}^Iraq^and^{submit t}^{his plan to th}^{e congres}^{sional defense}^{May 2}^5,20⁰⁵^128-³⁰⁰
^{Authorization Act for}^committees.^{(vote #220)}
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁶
^{H.Res. 383} ^{Commends U.S. and coalit}^{ion forces for liberating t}^he^Measur^{e agreed}
^{Iraqi people f}^{rom the}^rep^ressive^{regime of Saddam}^{to in House}
^{Hussein a}^{nd for t}^{heir ongoing eff}^{orts in su}^{pport of}^{July 2}^{7, 20}⁰⁵
^{Iraq’s fr}^{eedom and stability.}^426-⁰
^{(vote #438)}
^{S. 10}⁴²^{Authorizes emerge}^{ncy s}^u^p^pleme^{ntal app}^{ropriations to}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{National Defense}^{DOD for FY200}^{6 for ope}^rations^{in Iraq, Afg}^hanistan,^Senate
^{Authorization Act for}^{and the global war on te}^rrorism.^{November 15,}
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁶²⁰⁰⁵
^98-0
^{(vote #326)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Amdt. 25}¹⁸^to^S^.¹⁰⁴²^{Warner ame}^ndment^{to clarify an}^{d recommend}^{Agreed to in}
^changes^{to the}^{policy of the United States on Iraq.}^Senate
^{States that calendar yea}^{r 2}⁰⁰⁶^s^h^{ould be a period of}^{November 15,}
^{significant transition to full Ira}^{qi sovereignty, with Iraqi}²⁰⁰⁵
^{security force}^{s taking t}^{he lead for the sec}^{urity of a}^79-1⁹
^{free and sove}^{reign Ira}^{q, ther}^eby^{creating the}^{(vote #323)}
^{conditions for the p}^{hased redepl}^{oyment of United}
^{States forces from I}^{raq, and t}^hat^{United States}
^{military forces should not stay in}^{Iraq a}^{ny longer t}^han
^required.
¹⁰⁹^th^{S.Amdt. 25}¹⁹^to^S^.¹⁰⁴²^{Levin amendme}^{nt to clarify and}^r^{ecommend cha}^nges^{Rejected in}
^{to the policy of the United States}^{on Iraq. States t}^hat^Senate
^{calendar year}²⁰^{06 s}^{hould be a}^p^{eriod of significant}^{November 15,}
^{transition to full Iraqi sovereignty}^{, with Iraqi sec}^urity²⁰⁰⁵
^{forces taking th}^{e lead for the s}^e^c^{urity of a fre}^{e and}^40-5⁸
^{sovereign Ira}^{q, there}^{by c}^{reating t}^{he conditions for the}^{(vote #322)}
^{phased rede}^{ployment of United S}^{tates forces f}^rom
^{Iraq, and t}^{hat United States military forces s}^{hould not}
^{stay in Ira}^{q indefinitely.}
^{H.Res. 571} ^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of t}^{he Ho}^us^{e of Represe}^ntatives^Measur^e
^{that the de}^{ployment of U.S. forces in Ira}^{q be}^{rejected in}
^{terminated immediately.}^House
^{November 18,}
²⁰⁰^{5 3-40}^3,⁶
^Present
^{(vote #608)}
^{H.Res. 612} ^Ex^p^resses^{the commitme}^{nt of th}^{e House of}^Measur^{e agreed}
^{Representatives to ac}^{hieving vict}^{ory in Iraq.}^{to in House}
^{December 16,}
²⁰⁰^{5 27}^9-10^9,
^{34 Pres}^ent
^{(vote #648)}
^{H.R. 2}⁸⁶³^Approp^{riates additional funds, to be designated for}^Measur^{e agreed}
^Department^{of Defense}^{contingency op}^{erations related t}^o^{the global war on}^{to in House}
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}⁰⁶^{terrorism. Authorizes amou}^{nts f}^{or operations in Ira}^q^{December 19,}
^{and Afgha}^{nistan to be}^{used for t}^h^e^pu^rchase^{of heavy}²⁰⁰⁵
^{and light armored vehicles. Allow}^{s O&M}^fu^nds^308-¹⁰^{6, 2}
^approp^{riated in this title to be us}^{ed to provide}^Present
^sup^{plies, services, transportation,}^{and other logistical}^{(vote #669)}
^sup^{port to coalition forces sup}^{porting military and}^Measur^{e agreed}
^{stability operations in Iraq}^{and Af}^ghanistan.^{to in Senate}
^{December 21,}
²⁰⁰⁵
^93-0
^{(vote #366)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹⁰⁹^th^{H.R. 4}⁹³⁹^{Prohibits the us}^{e of fu}^nds^{under t}^{his title to establish}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 109-23}⁴⁾^perma^{nent U.S. military bases in I}^{raq, or to exercise}^House
^Emerge^{ncy Su}^ppleme^ntal^{U.S. control}^{over Iraqi oil infrastr}^uctur^{e or resou}^rces.^March¹^{6, 20}⁰⁶
^Approp^{riations Act for}^{(Sec. 1204)}^348-⁷¹
^{Defense, the}^{Global War}^{Makes emerg}^ency^su^ppleme^{ntal approp}^{riations to the}^{(vote #65)}
^{on Terror, and Hu}^rricane^Department^{of Defense}^{for: milit}^{ary per}^sonnel;^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{Recovery, 200}⁶^{operation and mainte}^{nance; t}^he^Afghanistan^Security^Senate
^{Forces Fund; the}^Ira^{q Security Fo}^{rces Fu}^{nd; the I}^raq^{May 4, 2}⁰⁰⁶
^{Freedom Fund; the}^{Joint Imp}^{rovised Ex}^{plosive Device}^77-2¹
^{Defeat Fund; p}^rocurem^{ent; re}^sea^{rch, development,}^{(vote #112)}
^{test and evaluation.}^{House adopted}
^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of t}^{he Senat}^{e that (1) a}^{ny re}^quest^conferen^ce
^{for fu}^{nds for a fiscal year}^after²⁰^{07 for o}^ngoing^report
^{military operations in Afghanista}ⁿ^{and Ira}^{q sho}^{uld be}^{June 13, 20}⁰⁶
^{included in the an}^nual^{budget of t}^{he President}^351-⁶⁷
^{submitted to Congress; (}^{2) suc}^h^reque^{st sho}^uld^{(vote #257)}
^{include a detailed justificati}^{on of anticipated uses of}^{Senate adopted}
^{the fu}^{nds; and (}^{3) any}^fu^{nds provi}^{ded in a fiscal year}^conferen^ce
^{for ongoing military operations overseas s}^{hould be}^report
^{provided in approp}^{riations Acts t}^hrough^{June 15, 20}⁰⁶
^approp^{riations to specific accoun}^{ts. (Sec. 1313)}^98-1
^{(vote #171)}
^{H.R. 5}¹²²^{Title XV authorizes estimated future eme}^rgency^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 109-36}⁴⁾^sup^{plemental ap}^{propriations for t}^{he Depart}^{ment of}^House
^{National Defense}^{Defense for FY2}⁰⁰^{7 to p}^{rovide funds for additional}^{May 1}^{1, 20}⁰⁶
^{Authorization Act for}^{costs due to Ope}^{ration Ira}^{qi Freedom and Operation}^396-³¹
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁷^Endu^{ring Freedom.}^{(vote #145)}
^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{Senate (with}
^amendment)
^{June 22, 20}⁰⁶
^(unanimous
^consent)
^Conference
^{report adopted}
^{by House}
^September²^9,
²⁰⁰⁶
^398-²³
^{(vote #510)}
^Conference
^{report adopted}
^{by Senate}
^September³^0,
²⁰⁰⁶
^(unanimous
^consent)

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹⁰⁹^th^{H.R. 5}⁶³¹^{Title IX authorizes the Secretary}^{of Defense to us}^e^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 109-28}⁹⁾^{specified Operations &}^Mainte^na^{nce f}^{unds to s}^u^p^port^House
^Department^{of Defense}^{U.S. mi}^{litary operations in Iraq a}ⁿ^d^Afghanistan.^{June 20, 20}⁰⁶
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}⁰⁷^407-¹⁹
^{(vote #305)}
^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^Senate
^(amended)
^September^7,
²⁰⁰⁶
^98-0
^{(vote #239)}
^Conference
^{report adopted}
^{by House}
^September²^6,
²⁰⁰⁶
^394-²²
^{(vote #486)}
^Conference
^{report adopted}
^{by Senate}
^September²^9,
²⁰⁰⁶
^100-⁰
^{(vote #261)}
^{H.Res. 861} ^{Declares that it is not in t}^{he nati}^{onal security intere}^st^Measur^{e agreed}
^{of the United States to set an}^arb^{itrary date for}^{to in House}
^{withdrawal or redeployment of}^{United States Armed}^{June 16, 20}⁰⁶
^{Forces from Ira}^q.^256-¹⁵³
^{(vote #288)}
^{S.Amdt. 43}²⁰^to^S^.²⁷⁶⁶^{Levin amendme}^{nt e}^xpr^{essing t}^he^{sense of Congre}^ss^{Rejected in}
^{National Defense}^{that the P}^{resident sho}^{uld begin p}^{hased redeployment}^Senate
^{Authorization Act for}^{of United States forces from I}^raq^{in 20}^06.^{June 22, 20}⁰⁶
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁷^39-6⁰
^{(vote #182)}
^{S.Amdt. 44}⁴²^to^S^.²⁷⁶⁶^{Kerry ame}^{ndment to re}^{quire t}^h^e^{redeployment of}^{Rejected in}
^{National Defense}^{United States Armed Forces fro}^{m Iraq}^by^{July 1,}²⁰^07.^Senate
^{Authorization Act for}^{June 22, 20}⁰⁶
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁷^13-8⁶
^{(vote #181)}
¹¹⁰^th^{H.R. 1}^{(Sec. 1441) Declares t}^{hat it shall}^{be the}^{policy of the}^Measur^{e agreed}
^Implementing^the^9/1¹^{United States to vigorously supp}^{ort the govern}^ment^{to in House}
^Commission^{of Afghanistan}^by^{providing incre}^{ased assistance and}^Janua^{ry 9,}²⁰⁰⁷
^{Recommendations Act of}^{the contin}^{ued deployment of U}^{nited States troops as}^299-¹²⁸
²⁰⁰⁷^{long as the Afg}^{han gover}^nme^{nt s}^upport^{s su}^{ch U}^nited^{(vote #15)}

^{States involvement.}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{S.Con.Res. 2} ^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of Cong}^ress^{that it is not in the}^{Failure to}
^{U.S. nati}^{onal interest to deepen i}^{ts military}^{invoke cloture}
^{involvement in Ira}^{q, particularly}^b^y^{increasing t}^{he U.S.}^{in Senate}
^{military presence in}^Ira^q.^Februar^{y 1,}
²⁰⁰⁷
^0-97
^{(vote #43)}
^{S. 47}⁰ ^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of Cong}^ress^{that the Se}^nate^{Failure to}
^{disagrees with the}^{plan to augme}^{nt our for}^{ces in I}^raq^{invoke cloture}
^{by 2}^1,50^{0 and t}^{hat Congre}^{ss s}^{hould not take any}^{in Senate}
^{action that will endanger U.S. mili}^{tary forces in}^the^Februar^{y 5,}
^field.²⁰⁰⁷
^49-4⁷
^{(vote #44)}
^{H.Con.Res. 63} ^{Disapproving of the decision of t}^{he President}^Measur^{e agreed}
^annou^{nced on Ja}^nua^{ry 1}^{0, 2}⁰⁰^{7, to deploy more than}^{to in House}
^20,0^{00 additional United States combat troop to Iraq.}^Februar^{y 1}^6,
²⁰⁰⁷
^246-¹⁸²
^{(vote #99)}
^{S. 57}⁴ ^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of Cong}^ress^{that Congress}^and^{Failure to}
^{the American}^{people will continu}^{e to sup}^{port and}^{invoke cloture}
^{protect U.S. Armed Forces mem}^{bers w}^{ho are se}^rving^{in Senate}
^{in Iraq; a}^{nd that Cong}^{ress disap}^p^{roves of President}^Februar^{y 1}^7,
^{Bush’s decision annou}^{nced on}^Jan^uary^{10, 2}⁰⁰^{7, to}²⁰⁰⁷
^{deploy more than}^20,0⁰⁰^additio^{nal U.S. combat}^56-3⁴
^{troops to Iraq.}^{(vote #51)}
^{S.J.Res. 9} ^{Directs the President to}^{begin th}^{e phased}^Measur^e
^{redeployment of U.S. forces from}^{Iraq withi}^{n 1}^{20 days}^{rejected in}
^{of enactmen}^{t of this joint resolution with the goal of}^Senate
^{redeploying by Ma}^rch³^{1, 20}^{08, a}^{ll U.}^{S. combat forces}^March¹^{5, 20}⁰⁷
^{from Ira}^q.^48-5⁰
^{(vote #75)}
¹¹⁰^th^{S.Res. 1}⁰⁷ ^{Declares that the}^{President and}^{Congress sho}^{uld not}^Measur^{e agreed}
^{take any action t}^{hat will endanger}^{U.S. Armed Forces;}^{to in Senate}
^{and will provide necessary f}^unds^f^{or training,}^March¹^{5, 20}⁰⁷
^equipme^{nt, and othe}^{r su}^pport^{for troops in t}^{he field.}^96-2
^{(vote #76)}
^{S.Con.Res. 20} ^Exp^resses^{the se}^{nse of Cong}^ress^{that Congress}^{Agreed to in}
^{should not take any}^{action that w}^{ill endanger U.S.}^Senate
^{military forces in the field, including the elimination or}^March¹^{5, 20}⁰⁷
^{reduction of fu}^{nds for t}^{roops in t}^{he field.}^82-1⁶
^{(vote #77)}

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 1}⁵⁹¹^{Makes emerg}^ency^su^ppleme^{ntal approp}^{riations for the}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{U.S. Tr}^{oop Readiness,}^Department^{of Defense}^{for FY20}^{07 for}^contingen^cy^House
^{Veterans’ Care, Katrina}^{operations directly related to the}^{global war on}^March²^{3, 20}⁰⁷
^{Recovery, and Iraq}^terror.^218-²¹^{2, 1}
^{Accountability}^{Prohibits any f}^{unds f}^{rom being o}^{bligated or expended}^prese^nt
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}⁰⁷^{by the}^{U.S. government to establi}^{sh any}^military^(vote^#186)
^{installation or base for the}^perma^{nent stationing of}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{U.S. Armed Forces in Iraq.}^Senate
^{Prohibits funds}^{from bei}^{ng used t}^o^{deploy any unit of}^March²^{9, 20}⁰⁷^51-4⁷
^{the Armed Forces to I}^raq^unless^{the chief of t}^he^{(vote #126)}
^{military department conc}^erned^h^{as certified that s}^uch
^{unit is fully mission capa}^ble.^Conference
^{Prohibits funds}^{from bei}^{ng used t}^o^{initiate, execute,}^{report adopted}^{by House}
^{or continue a}^{ny order t}^{hat has}^th^{e effect of e}^xtending^{April 25, 2}⁰⁰⁷
^{the deployment}^{for Ope}^{ration Ir}^{aqi Freedom of any}^218-²⁰^{8, 2}
^{unit of the}^{Army, Army}^Reserve,^{or Army National}^prese^nt
^Guard^{beyond 3}⁶⁵^{days; or Mari}^{ne Corps or}^Marine^{(vote #265)}
^Corps^{Reserve beyond 21}⁰^days.
^{Outlines spe}^{cified determinations, relating to actions}^Conference^{report adopted}
^{of the govern}^{ment of}^{Iraq, t}^{hat m}^{ust be}^{made by}^the^{by Senate}
^{President to Congress on or}^bef^{ore July 1, 2}⁰⁰^7.^{April 26, 2}⁰⁰⁷
^{Requires t}^{hat, if the President}^{fails to make any of t}^he^51-4⁶
^{determinations, the Secretary}^of^{Defense s}^hall^{(vote #147)}
^{commence t}^{he rede}^{ployment of}^{U.S. Armed Forces}
^{from Ira}^{q no later t}^{han s}^u^c^h^date^{, with a goal of}^{House failed to}
^{completing suc}^{h redeploymen}^{t w}^{ithin 18}^{0 days.}^{override veto}
^{Requires t}^{hat, if the President ma}^{kes all such}^{May 2, 2}⁰⁰⁷
^{determinations, the Secretary}^sha^{ll commence suc}^h^222-²⁰^{3, 1}
^{redeployment no later t}^han^Octo^ber^{1, 20}^{07, with a}^prese^nt
^{goal of completing that redeployment within}¹⁸^{0 days.}^{(vote #276)}
^{Makes f}^{unds immediately available to plan and e}^xecut^e
^{a safe and orderly rede}^ployment.
^{S.Amdt. 64}³^{To strike language that would tie}^{the ha}^{nds of the}^{Rejected in}
^to^{H.R. 1}⁵⁹¹^{Commander-in-Chief by imposin}^{g an ar}^bitrary^Senate
^{timetable for the withdrawal of U}^{.S. forces from Iraq.}^March²^{7, 20}⁰⁷
^48-5⁰
^{(vote #116)}
^{H.R. 2}²³⁷ ^{Requires t}^{he Secretary}^{of Defens}^{e to commence t}^he^Measur^{e failed}
^{redeployment of U.S. forces deployed in Iraq a}^nd^{of passage in}
^{prohibits any}^fu^{nds from}^being^us^{ed to furthe}^{r deploy}^House
^{U.S. forces to Iraq after com}^{pletion of the}^{May 1}^{0, 20}⁰⁷
^{redeployment.}^171-²⁵⁵
^{(vote #330)}
^{H.R. 2}²⁰⁶^{Makes emerg}^ency^su^ppleme^{ntal approp}^{riations for the}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{(P.L. 110-28)}^Department^{of Defense}^{for FY20}^{07. Require}^{s the}^House
^{U.S. Tr}^{oop Readiness,}^{President to direct the orderly re}^{deployment of U.S.}^{May 1}^{0, 20}⁰⁷
^{Veterans’ Care, Katrina}^{forces from I}^{raq if t}^{he com}^ponen^{ts of the I}^raqi^221-²⁰⁵
^{Recovery, and Iraq}^government^reac^{h a conse}^nsu^{s directing a}^{(vote #333)}
^{Accountability}^{redeployment of U.S. Forces. Pro}^{hibits any f}^unds^from^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}⁰⁷^{being obligated or expe}^{nded by t}^{he U.S. government}^{Senate by voice}
^{to establish any military installation or base for}^the^vote
^perma^{nent stationing of U.S. Arm}^{ed Forces in Iraq.}^5/17/²⁰⁰⁷

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
¹¹⁰^th^{S.Amdt. 10}⁹⁸^{The President shall commenc}^{e th}^{e ... redeployment of}^{Failure to}
^to^{S.Amdt. 10}⁹⁷^,^H.R.^{United States forces from I}^{raq ... not later than}¹²⁰^{invoke cloture}
¹⁴⁹⁵^{days after t}^{he date of the}^enactm^{ent of this Act. No}^{in Senate}
^{Water Resources}^{funds ... may be obligated or ex}^p^{ended to continue}^{May 1}^{6, 20}⁰⁷
^{Development Act of 2}⁰⁰⁷^{the deployment in}^Ira^{q of mem}^be^{rs of the U}^nited²⁹^-6⁷
^{States Armed Forces after}^Marc^h^{31, 2}⁰⁰^8.^{(vote #167)}
^{H.R. 1}⁵⁸⁵^{Amends the}^Warne^{r Act to mak}^{e perma}^nent^the^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{National Defense}^{prohibition on the e}^stablishme^nt^{of perma}^nent^House
^{Authorization Act for}^{military installat}^{ions in Iraq. Aut}^h^{orizes appropriations}^{May 1}^{7, 20}⁰⁷
^{Fiscal Year 200}⁸^{for DOD for FY20}^{08 to p}^{rovide additi}^{onal funds for}^397-²⁷
^{Operations I}^{raqi Freedom and}^En^{during Freedom.}^{(vote #373)}
^{S.Amdt. 20}¹²^{To specify minimum}^{periods bet}^{ween deployment of}^{Failure to}
^to^{H.R. 1}⁵⁸⁵^{units and m}^embe^{rs of the}^Armed^{Forces for}^{invoke cloture}
^{Operation I}^{raqi Freedom and O}^p^{eration Endu}^ring^{in Senate}
^Freedom.^{July 1}^{1, 20}⁰⁷
^56-4¹
^{(vote #241)}
^{S.Amdt. 20}³²^{To lim}^{it the length of deploymen}^{t of member}^{s of the}^{Rejected in}
^to^{H.R. 1}⁵⁸⁵^{Armed Forced for Ope}^{ration Ira}^{qi Freedom.}^Senate
^{July 1}^{1, 20}⁰⁷
^52-4⁵
^{(vote #243)}
^{S.Amdt. 20}⁷⁸^{To express t}^{he se}^{nse of Cong}^res^{s that t}^{he dwell time}^{Rejected in}
^{to H.R. 15}⁸⁵^between^exte^{nded operational deployments of}^Senate
^members^{of the A}^{rmed Forces s}^{hould be no less t}^han^{July 1}^{1, 20}⁰⁷
^{12 mont}^hs^{for regular}^{forces a}^{nd no less tha}^{n 5 y}^ears^41-5⁵
^{for reserve}^forces.^{(vote #244)}
^{S.Amdt. 20}⁸⁷^{The Secretary of Defe}^{nse s}^{hall commence the}^{Failure to}
^{to H.R. 15}⁸⁵^{reduction of the}^nu^mber^{of Unite}^{d States forces in}^{invoke cloture}
^Iraq^{not later tha}^{n 1}^{20 days}^after^{the date of th}^e^{in Senate}
^enactment^{of this Act ... and shall complete the}^{July 1}^{8, 20}⁰⁷
^{transition of United States forces}^{to a limited}^52-4⁷
^prese^{nce and}^{missions ... by April 30, 2}⁰⁰^8.^{(vote #252)}
¹¹⁰^th^{H.R. 2}⁹⁵⁶ ^{Directs the Secretar}^{y of Defen}^se^{to commence t}^he^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{reduction of the}^nu^mber^{of Arm}^{ed Forces in Iraq}^House
^beginning^{no later tha}^{n 1}²⁰^days^{after the}^enactm^ent^{July 1}^{2, 20}⁰⁷
^{of this Act and com}^{plete the r}^{eduction and tra}^nsition^223-²⁰¹
^{to a limited presence in I}^raq^{by n}^o^{later than A}^{pril 1,}^{(vote #624)}
²⁰⁰^8.
^{H.R. 2}⁹²⁹ ^{Declares that it is the}^{policy of the United States not}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{to establish any military installation or base}^providing^House
^{for the}^perma^{nent s}^{tationing of U.S. armed forces in}^{July 2}^{5, 20}⁰⁷
^Iraq.^399-²⁴
^{(vote #717)}
^{H.R. 3}¹⁵⁹ ^{Prohibits any u}^{nit of the}^regular^{Armed Forces from}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^{being deployed for Op}^{eration Ira}^{qi Freedom unless}^House
^{the pe}^{riod between t}^{he most re}^c^{ent p}^revious^August^{2, 20}⁰⁷
^{deployment and a s}^ubse^qu^{ent de}^{ployment is eq}^{ual to}^229-¹⁹^{4, 3}
^{or longer than t}^he^{period of the}^{most recent}^previous^prese^nt
^{deployment. Ex}^presses^the^sense^{of Congress t}^{hat the}^{(vote #796)}

^{optimal minimum period betwee}^{n suc}^{h deploymen}^ts
^{should be e}^{qual to or longer tha}ⁿ^{twice the pe}^{riod of}
^{the most rece}^nt^{previous deploy}^ment.

^Cong^ress^{Bill and Titl}^e^{Description and C}^omments^Votes
^{H.R. 3}²²²^{(Sec. 8103)}^{None of t}^{he f}^{unds a}^p^{propriated or}^Measur^{e pass}^ed
^Department^{of Defense}^{otherwise made available by this}^{or any other}^Act^House
^Approp^{riations Act, 20}⁰⁸^{shall be obligated or expe}^{nded by}^{the United States}^August^{5, 20}⁰⁷
^Governme^{nt ... to establish any}^{military installat}^{ion or}^395-¹³
^{base for t}^{he p}^u^r^{pose of p}^{roviding for the}^perma^nent^{(vote #846)}
^{stationing of United States Arme}^{d Forces in Iraq.}
^{(Sec. 8106) A}^{ny re}^que^{st for f}^und^{s for a fiscal year}
^{after FY20}⁰⁸^{for an o}^{ngoing milit}^{ary operation}
^{overseas, including operations in}^Afghanistan^{and I}^raq,
^{shall be included in the}^an^{nual b}^u^{dget of the President}
^{for suc}^{h fiscal year as}^su^{bmitted to Congress....}

Congressional Quarterly at http://www.cq.com.
Legislative Information System (LIS) of the U.S. Congress at http://www.congress.gov/.
Congressional Quarterly Almanac. Washington, CQ Press. Annual.
CQ Weekly. Washington, CQ Press. Various issues.
CRS Report RL33532, War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance, by Richard F.
Grimmett.
CRS Report RL32170, Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2007, by
Richard F. Grimmett.
CRS Report RL32267, The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Four Years, by Richard F.
Grimmett.
CRS Report RL31829, Supplemental Appropriations FY2003: Iraq Conflict, Afghanistan, Global
War on Terrorism, and Homeland Security, by Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels.
CRS Report RL32090, FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the
Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations & Reconstruction Assistance, by Stephen Daggett
et al.
CRS Report RL32783, FY2005 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq and Afghanistan, Tsunami
Relief, and Other Activities, by Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels.

^Lⁱ^sa^M^a^ge^s
^In^f^o^r^m^a^tion^R^e^s^earch^Specialⁱ^s^t
^l^m^a^g^es@^c^rs^.l^oc.g^ov^{, 7}^-⁷⁴⁵²