Highway Program Equity Guarantee Issues

CRS Report for Congress
Highway Program
Equity Guarantee Issues
Updated June 10, 2005
Robert S. Kirk
Specialist in Transportation
Resources, Science, and Industry Division


Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Highway Program Equity Guarantee Issues
Summary
Since 1982 Congress has included legislative provisions in every surface
transportation reauthorization act to remedy concerns about the “equity” of the
distribution of federal highway aid to the states. For many years some states have
complained that they received significantly less federal highway aid than they paid
in federal highway taxes to the highway trust fund. These states, referred to as donor
states, have pressed for legislative remedies that would assure them a higher share
of federal highway aid, in recent years 95%. Donee states, states that receive more
federal highway aid than they pay in federal highway taxes, have not opposed equity
provisions per se but have opposed any reduction in their existing shares. Providing
equity remedies that keep both donor and donee states reasonably content has been
accomplished by giving more money to all states but giving more to donor states to
bring their shares up to a designated per cent share, currently 90.5%. Providing
equity in this way is very expensive in dollar terms, the minimum guarantee under
TEA-21, in fact, became the largest highway program.
The current budgetary environment is more constrained than it was under the
last reauthorization cycle, making it unlikely that the 95% goal can be achieved under
the current equity framework. There are, however, a number of options that could
help. The options range in scope from changes that may be seen as fine tuning the
existing minimum guarantee (MG) system to options that would eliminate the TEA-

21 MG framework completely.


During the 109th Congress, the House- and Senate-passed surface transportation
bills have taken different approaches to the equity issue. Under the dual constraints
of limited highway trust fund resources and the Bush Administration threat to veto
any six-year reauthorization bill that exceeds $283.9 billion, supporters of a major
rate-of-return increase also backed away from their 95% rate-of-return goals. The
House-passed reauthorization bill, the Transportation Equity Act: a Legacy for Users
(H.R. 3) retained the TEA-21 minimum guarantee structure and rate-of-return
(90.5%). The Senate-passed reauthorization bill, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible,
and Efficient Transportation Equity Act (H.R. 3, as amended) would achieve a 92%
return in the last year of the authorization through an equity bonus mechanism.
In a broader sense the debate over equity remedies has implications for a
number of overarching issues. An equity guarantee that approaches 95% rate of
return could, in the minds of some, leave little room for addressing other or
additional transportation needs that are uniquely federal. Another issue is whether
the MG should be broadened, as some states have proposed, to include Federal
Transit Administration programs. This report will not be updated.



Contents
In troduction ......................................................1
Recent Developments..........................................1
The Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (TEA-LU)
(H.R. 3).............................................1
The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity
Act (SAFETEA) (H.R. 3, as amended).....................2
Background ......................................................4
Legislative History.................................................5
Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (STAA)................6
Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of
1987 (STURAA)..........................................6
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA)......6
Equity Adjustment Provisions................................6
TEA-21 Equity Provision Changes................................7
Minimum Guarantee.......................................7
Minimum Guarantee Distribution.............................9
The Resolution of the TEA-21 Donor-Donee Debate..............9
The Central Dilemma: Raising Shares, Holding Harmless, and Funding
Programs ....................................................9
Equity Guarantee Options in a Constrained Fiscal Environment............10
Ways to Modify the Existing MG Program.........................11
Phase in increases in the Share Guarantee......................11
Eliminate or Reduce the District of Columbia’s Role in Projecting
Total Highway Program Size............................11
Determine Program Size Based on Total Annual Payments to the
Highway Account of the HTF...........................11
Eliminate the State Percentages (Base Share) Table..............12
Restrict the Program Scope of the MG........................12
Reduce the Target Minimum Percent Return Below the 95% Level..13
The Donor State “SHARE” Proposal for a 95% Guarantee............13
Devolve the Highway Program to the States........................14
Integrate the Guaranteed Rate of Return Into All Federal-Aid
Highways Programs.......................................15
Overarching Issues for Congress.....................................16
The Role of the Federal Government Vis-a-Vis the States.............16
Program Purpose and “Scope”...................................17
Good for the Gander: a Minimum Guarantee for Transit?.............18
Appendix I: How the TEA-21 Minimum Guarantee is Calculated...........20
Appendix II: FHWA’s FY2003 MG Calculation Tables...................24



Table 1: MG Calculation Step 1.....................................20
Table 2: MG Calculation Step 2.....................................21
Table 3: MG Calculation Step 6.....................................22
Table 4: MG Calculation Step 7.....................................23
Table 5: MG Calculation Step 8.....................................23



Highway Program Equity Guarantee Issues
Introduction
Guaranteeing each state a percentage share return of federal highway funding
on its highway user’s payments to the highway account of the highway trust fund
(HTF) has been the major remedy designed to assuage persistent concerns about the
equity of distribution of federal highway funding (often referred to as the donor-
donee state issue).1 Somewhat differing forms of a Minimum Guarantee (MG)
program have been in place for over twenty years. Under the Transportation Equity
Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) (P.L.105-178; P.L. 105-206) the MG provided for
a 90.5% guaranteed share return on each states user tax payments to the HTF.
During the on-going TEA-21 reauthorization debate a number of proposals for
increasing the MG percentage have emerged. At first glance, raising the MG would
simply appear to require an amendment changing the percentage specified in Section
105 of title 23 of the U.S.Code. A closer look shows that changing the MG has
impacts on the interaction of highway program formulas, the funding of discretionary
and formula programs, and the total budgetary resources needed to fund these
programs: in short, on the whole Federal-Aid Highway Program (FAHP).
Recent Developments
The Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (TEA-LU) (H.R.th
3). Although TEA-LU (109 Congress), the House-passed surface transportation
reauthorization bill, keeps some of the basic TEA-21 MG framework (the 90.5%
rate-of-return, $1 million minimum payment, and the hold harmless table), it also
makes a number of important modifications to the MG program structure and
calculations. The bill places five new formula programs within the “scope” of the
basic MG calculation: Coordinated Border Infrastructure, Highway Safety
Improvement, High Risk Rural Road Safety, Freight Intermodal Connectors, and Safe
Roads to Schools. It also eliminates the line-item authorizations for many of the
allocated (i.e. discretionary) programs, funding them instead as set-asides from the
National Highway System (NHS), Surface Transportation Program (STP), and
Interstate Maintenance (IM) programs. This change helps broaden the “scope” (i.e.
the programs under the auspices of the MG) of the MG program. The bill includes


1 This report focuses on the minimum guarantee remedy. For a more detailed discussion of
donor-donee issues see CRS Report RL31735, Federal-Aid Highway Program: “Donor-
Donee” State Issues, by Robert S. Kirk. Unless otherwise indicated in the text, any
occurrence of the HTF refers to the highway account of the HTF. The CRS trackingth
document for surface transportation reauthorization in the 109 Congress is CRS Issue Brief
IB10138, Surface Transportation: Reauthorization of TEA-21, coordinated by John W.
Fischer.

just over $11.1 billion in High Priority Program (HPP) earmarks within the scope of
the MG. This provision caused concerns that the impact of HPP earmarks on the
states’ relative shares could lead to some states losing funding. In response to these
concerns the bill provides for a second funding overlay, the “equity adjustment,” to
assure that no state loses funding because of the HPP earmarks.2 H.R. 3 includes a
scope guarantee of 92.6% of the bill’s total contract authority. To achieve the 92.6%
scope, the bill includes a second new funding overlay, the “scope adjustment.” The
scope adjustment shifts National Corridor Infrastructure Improvement Program funds
to STP and recalculates the MG until the scope is 92.6%. Once this is done, funds
are restored to the corridor program (which then remains outside the scope).
The MG program is funded on a “such sums as necessary” basis and the new
equity and scope adjustments add to the cost of the overall bill. According to an
FHWA analysis of H.R. 3 as passed, over the life of the bill, the basic minimum
guarantee adjustment will cost $44.4 billion, the equity adjustment will cost $9
billion, and the scope adjustment will cost $2.3 billion.3
The House bill also includes a “re-opener” provision that would cut off funding
of all non-safety apportioned programs on August 1, 2006, if Congress has failed by
then to enact legislation that would increase states’ rate of return to 92% for FY2006,

93% for FY2007, 94% for FY2008, and 95% for FY2009.


The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity
Act (SAFETEA) (H.R. 3, as amended). In the 109th Congress, the Senate-passed
bill included most of the attributes of the Equity Bonus program that was in the
reauthorization bill the Senate passed during the last Congress. Because of the less
generous overall funding assumptions, however, the Senate-passed bill includes
modified language in the equity bonus program provisions. The goal of raising all
donor states’ rate of return to 95% by the final year of the reauthorization has been
scaled back to 92%. The scope of the equity bonus program would be roughly 92%
of total contract authority.
The Senate has taken a different approach from the House. The Senate-passed
bill would replace the entire MG program with an “Equity Bonus” program (EB).
Basically, the individual program formulas would determine the initial apportionment
and the equity bonus would be added to these levels. The Senate bill directs the
Secretary of Transportation to allocate to the states for each of the fiscal years 2005
through 2009 sufficient funds to ensure that each state receives at least a 92% return
(to EB specified programs and subject to certain rules and limitations described
below) on its estimated payments to the highway account of the HTF. The Senate


2 The House-passed bill retains the TEA21 “hold harmless” table set forth in 23 U.S.C.

105(b). However, because the table is not referenced in the “equity adjustment” provision,


how well donee states fare in obtaining HPP earmarks could have an impact on their states’
total apportionments.
3 House-passed H.R. 3 includes a provision that, in effect, eliminates the District of
Colombia’s share from the MG calculation. Under TEA21 DC’s share was the determining
factor projecting the total size of the highway program. By removing DC, the bill saves
money by lowering the total program size projection.

bill would keep nearly all the programs subject to MG under TEA-21 (IM, NHS,
STP, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ),
Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program (HBRR), Recreational
Trails, Appalachian Development Highway System, and metropolitan planning)
subject to the equity provision.
The bill protects some states that would lose percent share under the EB’s 92%
share. States with a population density of less than 20 people per square mile, a
population under one million, a median household income under $35,000, or a
fatality rate on Interstate Highways in 2002 of greater than 1.0 per 100 million
vehicle miles traveled, would get either the 92% share or their average percent share
of apportionments under TEA-21.
The EB is also subject to certain rules and limitations which taken together can
be seen as placing a floor and a number of ceilings on the program. The special rules
provide that, all states are to be allocated enough funds to ensure that each state gets
at least 115% of its TEA-21 annual average, no negative adjustment may be made to
any state’s apportionment during the EB allocation, and requires that no state may
drop below 90.5% in FY2005, below 91% in FY2006-FY2008, or below 92% in
FY2009. EB allocations are not, however, to be given to states under certain
conditions. If a state’s total apportionments of all the designated EB programs
exceeds the state’s average TEA-21 apportionments by the following percentages the
state gets no bonus.
!FY2005 ceiling: 124% of state’s TEA-21 average
!FY2006 ceiling: 128% of state’s TEA-21 average
!FY2007 ceiling: 131% of state’s TEA-21 average
!FY2008 ceiling: 137% of state’s TEA-21 average
!FY2009 ceiling: 250% of state’s TEA-21 average
This is the main mechanism that phases in the 92% share goal by the final year
of the authorization. It also holds down the cost of the EB program.
Because, historically, the Environment and Public Works Committee (EPW)
has not disclosed its high priority project earmarks until conference, the state
apportionment and state rate-of-return data available during debate on the floor of the
Senate will not reflect the impact of the pending earmarks. The pattern of
earmarking within the scope of the equity bonus can change the states’ relative share
of apportionments and also the projection of total highway program size. According
to FHWA analysis, the five-year cost of the Senate-passed Equity Bonus Program
will be $25.4 billion.
This report begins with a discussion of the MG concept and the federal highway
program framework within which the MG is applied. It then sets forth the legislative
history of the MG since 1982, the year a minimum state share provision was first
enacted. The current MG (enacted in TEA-21) and how it is calculated is briefly
discussed. The report then discusses options for raising the MG share percentage in
a constrained fiscal environment. The report examines some of the overarching
policy implications of the MG debate. The report appendices provides detailed step-
by-step explanations of the calculation of the TEA-21 minimum guarantee.



Background
There are a number of characteristics of the Federal-Aid Highway Program that
need to be kept in mind in a discussion of the donor-donee question. First, the
Federal-Aid Highway Program (FAHP) is really an umbrella term for all the highway
programs administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Most of
these programs can be described as being either formula (apportioned) programs,
which constitute the vast majority of program funding, or the smaller discretionary
(allocated) programs. The formula programs apportion funds to the State
Departments of Transportation based on formulas set forth in legislation. The
discretionary programs are programs nominally under the control of the FHWA that
were designed to provide funds to projects chosen through competition with other
projects. In recent years, however, most of the discretionary program funding has
been earmarked by Congress.
The distinction between formula and discretionary programs becomes especially
significant in the process of attempting to make equity adjustments in the funding
levels among the states. For example, how can all discretionary programs be
constructed to guarantee a designated percent return to states on their payments to the
HTF and still remain discretionary? The programs were created to fulfill perceived
policy needs. The separate program budget accounts were authorized based at least
in part on the amounts of money each program needs to meet its program goals
(determined in part by the budget constraints of the time) rather than by some other
measure such as basing the distribution on estimates of the revenue paid by highway
users in the individual states.
Some highway needs, such as roads on federal lands, border crossing
infrastructure, trade corridors, and interstate system maintenance, have inherently
federal aspects that would likely not be addressed if the Federal-Aid Highway
Programs were predicated on a return to all states approaching 100%. Even
advocates of “devolution” of much of the Federal-Aid Highway Program to the states4
have acknowledged some federal needs. In addition, donor states themselves have
in the past recognized the need for some states to get an increased share of federal-aid
funds. During the ISTEA reauthorization debate, for example, donor states agreed
that large sparsely populated states and some small states (such as Rhode Island,
Vermont, and Delaware) should receive increased shares. Authorizors thought that
the sparsely populated “pass-though” states had insufficient state resources to build
and maintain their parts of the national highway network, so they were given
increased shares.
The size of the minimum guarantee/equity adjustment program umbrella (often
referred to as “scope”) has varied since the first equity program was introduced in
1982. The major formula programs were always under the MG umbrella but which
other programs were included changed under the various surface transportation
authorization acts. How many of the total programs are covered by the MG program
umbrella is important for a number of reasons. First, under a guaranteed share MG,


4 During the 1990s “devolution” generally referred to the shifting of federal programmatic
responsibility and funding resources to the states.

the more program dollars left outside the MG program the more likely that at least
some donor states will not reach their minimum percentage return relative to the
entire Federal-aid highway program. Second, in general, the more inclusive the MG
umbrella the more costly the MG program.5 Third, earmarking of programs under
the MG umbrella usually provides no new dollars to the state receiving the earmarks.
These earmarks simply allow Members of Congress to set project priorities.
Earmarks of programs outside the MG umbrella actually provide more money to the
state getting the earmark.
A number of statistical issues have an impact on the MG. The use of non-
current data (i.e., revenue estimates from two years prior) may skew the state donor-
donee ratios and lead to conclusions about donor or donee status that are
questionable. Also state-by-state data on payments to the highway account of the
HTF are estimates based on extrapolations from state tax data and may not always
be completely accurate or up to date. The economic cycle can also have an impact
on revenues and the budgetary process that can lead to years when revenues and
spending levels differ significantly from each other: this can have an impact on rate
of return. The MG and other equity adjustment proposals attempt to achieve a
specified “share” return on two year old payments data. Distribution equity,
however, is almost always judged by Table FE-221 in the annual FHWA Highway
Statistics Report6, which compares estimated dollars paid and apportionments and
allocations received for the same fiscal year. This statistical disconnect means that
even an effective MG or EB program will face criticism when the same year dollar
for dollar return data are released. In addition, the impact of proposed revenue
changes on states’ relative shares of payments to the HTF are hard to gauge over the
life of the reauthorization. These changes could change some donor states to donee
states, or vice versa, over the next few years. It could also impact the calculation of
program size under the MG.
Legislative History
Although the equity debate, it can be argued, goes back at least as far as the
creation of the highway trust fund (supported by dedicated highway user taxes), it
was the initial publication of Table FE-221 in the 1972 edition of FHWA’s annual
Highway Statistics that provided the statistical underpinnings of a growing
movement to guarantee each state a “fair share” of federal highway dollars relative
to the revenue its highway users paid to the trust fund. The table showed that the
receipt of federal aid for each dollar paid to the trust fund varied greatly from state
to state. Alaska faired best and South Carolina fared worst at $8.34 and $0.52,
respectively. During the 1970s there was still significant construction on the
Interstate Highway System. This may, in the minds of some, have provided a


5 This assumes all other attributes of the MG are held constant. This is not always the case.
For example, tax changes (such as a change in the tax treatment of ethanol) can have an
impact on states’ relative shares which could impact the calculation of total program size
which is discussed later in this report.
6 [http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs02/fe221b.htm]

reasonable justification for such disparities. By the early 1980s, however, the
Interstate Highway System was nearing completion.
Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (STAA)
STAA (P.L. 94-424) authorized a significant increase in funding for the Federal-
Aid Highway system for the years FY1983-FY1986 and included a provision
designed to mitigate the dissatisfaction of donor states by providing that each state
would receive a minimum allocation from the core FHWA programs. Specifically,
the bill ordered the FHWA to allocate among the states sufficient funds to assure that
each state’s total apportionments from the core highway and safety programs
(Interstate Highway Substitution, Primary, Secondary, Interstate, Urban, Bridge
Replacement and Rehabilitation, hazard elimination, and rail-highway crossings, and
section 203 of the Highway Safety Act of 1973) would not be less than 85% of the
percentage of estimated tax payments each state paid into the highway account of the
HTF. These “equity adjustment” allocations could be obligated to the core highway
programs. 7
Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance
Act of 1987 (STURAA)
STURAA (P.L. 100-17) authorized the Federal-Aid Highway Program for
FY1987-1991, retaining the 85% minimum allocation, but altered the basis of its
calculation. The act revised the calculation to include the allocated (sometimes
referred to as discretionary) programs, with the exception of the federal lands
highways programs and safety programs. For FY1987 and FY1988 emergency relief
funds and interstate construction discretionary funds were not included in the
calculation. The act made permanent the minimum allocation provision established
by STAA.
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
(ISTEA)
ISTEA (P.L. 102-240) reauthorized surface transportation programs, including
Federal-Aid Highway Programs, for FY1992-FY1997, making major changes in the
overall program structure, program formulas, as well as equity provisions.
Equity Adjustment Provisions. ISTEA included five provisions, with
separate funding, designed to assure a more equitable distribution of federal funds to
the states.


7 STAA also established the Mass Transit Account of the HTF but did not make it subject
to the minimum guarantee. Although, typically, donee states in the Northeast are more
transit dependent, some highway donor states get significant federal transit funding, while
some donee states, especially the large “pass-through” Western States get relatively little.
Proposals to also subject the Transit Program to a minimum guarantee have surfaced within
the context of surface transportation reauthorization. As will be discussed later, this could
have an impact on the decision of some highway donor states to support or oppose highway
program minimum guarantee changes.

The 90% Guarantees. The act raised the minimum allocation to 90% of
estimated state contributions to the highway account of the HTF (although narrowing
its calculation to the core formula programs, scenic byways, safety belt and
motorcycle safety grants). The act also included a new minimum payments guarantee
that assured that each state’s apportionments (for the core formula programs) for the
fiscal year and allocations (to the discretionary programs) from the previous year
would be at least 90% of its estimated state contributions (i.e., calculated from all
programs except special projects).
Donor State Bonus. For each fiscal year, donor states were identified by
comparing projected contributions to the HTF with the apportionments to be received
that year by each state. Under the donor state bonus, starting with the state with the
lowest return, each state was brought up to the level of the state with the next highest
level of return. This was repeated successively for each state until the ISTEA
authorized program amount was exhausted.
Hold Harmless. This provision set a specific percentage that each state was
to receive from the core formula highway programs plus Federal Lands Highway
Programs, minimum allocation, donor state bonus, and Interstate Reimbursement.
Each state received an addition to its regular apportionments to raise its total to the
set percentage.
Reimbursement for Interstate Segments. ISTEA authorized $2 billion
for FY1996 and FY1997 to reimburse some states for the costs to them of building
segments of the interstate system without federal assistance prior to or during the
early days of the Interstate Construction Program.
Despite these provisions significant gaps remained among states on their share
return on contributions to the HTF. As reauthorization of ISTEA approached,
dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of the equity provisions led to challenges to the
ISTEA program paradigm.
TEA-21 Equity Provision Changes
The equity changes that were part of the debate and were included in TEA-21
were more limited than many would have expected early in the reauthorization
debate. The main reason for this was the large increase (roughly 40%) in overall
funding levels. Still, there were equity provisions that were included in the hope that
they would further narrow the donor-donee divide.8 For detailed, step-by-step
descriptions of the calculation of the FY2003 MG, see Appendices I and II at the end
of this report.
Minimum Guarantee. The TEA-21 minimum guarantee had three
components:
Guaranteed Base Share. TEA-21 guarantees each state a percentage share
(set forth in tabular form in TEA-21 Section 1104 (a), codified in 23 U.S.C. 105(b))


8 P.L. 105-178, Sec. 1104. Also 23 U.S.C. Sec. 105.

of the total program, defined as all the apportioned programs: Interstate Maintenance
Program(IM), National Highway System Program (NHS), Surface Transportation
Program (STP), Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program
(HBRRP), Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program (CMAQ), Metropolitan
Planning, Recreational Trails Program, Appalachian Development Highway System
Program and Minimum Guarantee, as well as High Priority Projects.9
Minimum 90.5% Share on Contributions. Each state is guaranteed at
least 90.5% return (up just 0.5% over ISTEA) on its share of tax contributions to the
highway account of the HTF (based on the most recent year for which the data are10
available — generally from two fiscal years before). Using Ohio as an example, of
the state’s total FY2001 highway account contributions, Ohio’s percentage share
contributions amounted to 3.7578%. Ohio is guaranteed 90.5% of its share of
estimated FY2001 contributions and is thus guaranteed a minimum share of 3.4008%
of the FY2003 apportionments (i.e., the core formula programs), plus High Priority
Projects and the Minimum Guarantee itself. If the above base share is less than a
90.5% return to a state then the share is adjusted upward until the 90.5% share is
reached. The money to raise shares to 90.5% is provided by “squeezing” down the
percentages (but not the total amounts) of those states that are above the minimum.
This process of raising donor state shares and squeezing down donee state shares is
repeated until the state share requirements are met and all the state shares total 100%.
Minimum State Payment. Each state is guaranteed that as part of the
minimum guarantee it will receive at least $1 million in Minimum Guarantee funds.
It is important to keep in mind that the TEA-21 Minimum Guarantee was a
compromise provision. It is constructed in such a way as to give money to all states
in the process of bringing the donor states up to the 90.5% minimum guarantee.11
Each state gets the $1 million minimum. Then, the lowest percent share of any state
or the District of Columbia (under TEA-21 it was always the District) is used to
extrapolate the total program funding (as defined under Minimum Guarantee) needed
for the District to retain its total program percentage (see Appendix I, step 7, for a
detailed explanation) To achieve that percentage for the District, a total FY2003
program size of $27.8 billion was needed. Ironically, the degree of the District’s
donor status has meant more money for all states (in absolute, not relative terms).
To provide money for this adjustment 23 U.S.C. 105 (d) authorizes “such sums as
may be necessary” to carry out the MG. The total Minimum Guarantee program
funding needed to achieve this total was over $6 billion.


9 For example, according to this provision of law, the base share of total national allocations
for these programs is 1.5581% for Arizona, 0.3956% for the District of Columbia, and
4.9887% for Pennsylvania. The base shares for all states are set forth in Appendix II, step

2, column 1, of this report.


10 Although this percentage increase was small, supporters of this level argued that under the
TEA-21 framework, as opposed to the ISTEA MGs, states would actually receive a return
much closer to the percentage goal on a dollar-in/dollar-out basis.
11 TEA-21 authorizes such sums as may be necessary for FY1998-FY2003 for MG.

Minimum Guarantee Distribution. Each year, the first $2.8 billion of
Minimum Guarantee funds are administered as Surface Transportation Program
funds, except that set-asides for Transportation Enhancements, Safety Construction,
and certain population-based sub-state allocations do not benefit from this
distribution. Any Minimum Guarantee funds above $2.8 billion are distributed to the
five core programs: Interstate Maintenance (IM); Highway Bridge Replacement and
Rehabilitation Program (HBRRP); National Highway System (NHS); Congestion
Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ), and again the STP. The
distributions to the states are based on the ratio of each core program’s
apportionment to the total apportionment of all five programs for each state.12
The Resolution of the TEA-21 Donor-Donee Debate. In the end, what
many observers had predicted would be a major battle over TEA-21’s equity
provisions was resolved relatively amicably.13 This occurred despite the donor states
only being able to achieve a 0.5% increase in the minimum guarantee percentage and
formula changes which some predicted would have little impact on donor state
returns on the tax revenues these states payed to the highway account of the HTF.
Some even argued that donor states would have been better off if TEA-21 had
retained the ISTEA formulas. In the case of TEA-21 what alleviated the concerns of
the STEP-21 (a coalition of donor states) and other donor state advocates was the
amount of money available during TEA-21’s lifetime. By shifting revenues
generated by the 4.3 cent deficit reduction gas tax to the HTF in 1997, Congress was
able to provide for large increases in highway funding for all states. The extra money
in turn made the donor-donee debate less urgent to the donor states.
The Central Dilemma: Raising Shares, Holding
Harmless, and Funding Programs
The tension between the goal of donor states for a 95% return and the hold
harmless goal of donee states has been heightened in the current surface
transportation reauthorization debate by the absence of an HTF revenue base
sufficient to easily fund both goals. In contrast to the current reauthorization
situation, under TEA-21, the existence of large and growing revenues allowed for a
more than 40% increase in the federal highway spending and an increase in the MG
percentage (from 90% to 90.5%). Recent Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
baseline spending and revenue forecasts for the highway account of the HTF (based
on current law adjusted for inflation) forecasts that the unexpended balance in the
HTF will decline from a roughly $10.8 billion beginning-of-year for FY2005 to $6.5
billion. The HTF is required to retain a balance sufficient to assure that unexpended
highway contract authority may not exceed the end of year balance plus the14
anticipated revenues for the next two years, the so-called “Byrd Rule.” The CBO
winter 2005 highway account trust fund receipt projections for FY2005 through


12 23 U.S.C. 105 (c) (1).
13 See Once and Future ISTEA, by Geoff Earle, Governing Magazine, Feb. 1998. STEP-21
Coalition Claims Victory, National Journal: Congress Daily, Oct. 3, 1997.
14 U.S. Internal Revenue Code, Title I, Section 9503(d).

FY2009 of roughly $182.5 billion. This is substantially less than the highway
spending obligations of $196.6 billion under TEA-LU (H.R. 3) as passed or of
$205.4 billion obligations under SAFETEA as passed (SAFETEA’s revenue
provisions would raise the revenue total to $189.4 billion). Even coming this close
required both the House and Senate bills to lower their rate-of-return targets to 90.5%
and 92%, respectively. In addition, assuming revenues cannot be increased
significantly, because MG funds are authorized on a “such sums as may be
necessary” basis, the only ways to fund the MG programs growing needs as they rise
to a 95% guaranteed share are to either dip into the Treasury general fund or to push
down the total apportionments of all the formula programs to free up revenues for the
MG distribution.
The difficulty of providing for an increase in guaranteed share while holding
most donee states harmless in the absence of large amounts of new revenue, however,
has not stopped some advocates of changes in the MG program from pressing for
change. 15
Equity Guarantee Options in a Constrained Fiscal
Environment
Despite the fiscal constraints that impede the donor state desire for a 95% return
on payments to the HTF, there are a number of options that by themselves or in
combination with others could mitigate some of the difficulties that authorizors face
in producing a surface transportation reauthorization bill with equity provisions
acceptable to both houses of Congress. The options range in scope from changes that
may be seen as fine tuning the existing MG system to options that would eliminate
the TEA-21 MG framework completely. Some of these options have already been
included in the major TEA-21 reauthorization bills being actively considered by
Congress, some have had a place in the debate but have not yet been selected for
inclusion in active legislation, and finally some have been left out of the debate thus
far. The following discussion does not include revenue proposals championed earlier
in the reauthorization debate and the major revenue raising proposals in SAFETEA
and H.R. 3971 are only discussed within the context of their impact on the possible
program options being discussed.16
Statistical analysis of the MG and MG proposals can be problematic. As
mentioned earlier, the process of calculating shares and projecting the federal
highway program size can lead to results that appear counterintuitive.17 In addition,


15 This report is not a legislative tracking document for minimum guarantee provisions in
surface transportation reauthorization legislation. See CRS Issue Brief IB10138, Surface
Transportation: Reauthorization of TEA-21, coordinated by John W. Fischer.
16 For a discussion of these provisions see the Highway and Transit Finance chapter in CRS
Report RL32226.
17 For instance, revenue increases from changes in the tax treatment of gasohol could, under
some circumstances, restructure state shares relative to each other in a way that reduces the
(continued...)

because most supporting statistics set forth by proponents or opponents of change in
the MG are based on analysis of previous years revenue and funding data, while
reauthorization legislation is for future years, the analysis is limited. Because of
uncertainty in future revenue and funding allocations, there is a significant degree of
uncertainty in the impact of changes in the MG. This is especially true prior to
release of the reauthorization conference report. Even then, the statistics of the state-
by-state tax contributions used in the first step of the MG calculation to the HTF
would not be known for the last four years of a six year authorization. Only the
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has the data bases and expertise to project
the impact of these options on equity guarantee calculations in detail and even
FHWA must base future projections on assumptions that may not come to pass.
Ways to Modify the Existing MG Program
Assuming that the TEA-21 MG framework survives, it could be modified. This
section examines possible modifications to the TEA-21 framework.
Phase in increases in the Share Guarantee. This is perhaps the simplest
money saving option. SAFETEA as passed, phases in the increase to 92% over the
life of the authorization. Although this tactic saves money, it has drawbacks. First,
it will not save enough by itself to lift the rate-of-return greatly. Second, some of the
large donor states will be unhappy with the phase-in proposal, believing equity
delayed is equity denied.
Eliminate or Reduce the District of Columbia’s Role in Projecting
Total Highway Program Size. As shown in the earlier description of the TEA-21
MG calculation, achieving DC’s adjusted share determined the total highway18
program size. Some argue that a way of reducing the size of the MG distribution
needed to achieve a guaranteed share percentage would be to provide DC with a
generous dollar amount for its road needs but eliminate it or a portion of its funding
from the MG calculation. The House-passed TEA-LU (H.R. 3) included this19
change.
Determine Program Size Based on Total Annual Payments to the
Highway Account of the HTF. The uncertainties of projecting total program size
based on share has led to some discussion of eliminating this TEA-21 process (see
step 7 in the earlier section on the MG calculation) and simply using the total annual
payments to the highway account of the HTF to determine the program size for each
fiscal year. Proponents argue that this change would not only simplify the MG
calculation process but would also reduce the unexpected outcomes of tax or other


17 (...continued)
size of the projected total program target (i.e., a revenue increase could reduce the size of
the program).
18 For a detailed discussion of this process see the detailed explanations of step 7 of the
calculation set forth in Appendix I and Appendix II.
19 Although this saved money, TEA-LU’s “equity adjustment” absorbed the savings.

revenue changes.20 Having total annual payments to the highway account set the total
highway program size, according to supporters, would also more effectively align
state payments with their allocations.
There are a number of possible disadvantages to using total annual payments to
the HTF to determine the total program size. As mentioned earlier, the data on
contributions are not, generally available until early in the second fiscal year after the
contributions are made, so the program size would be set according to old data. Also,
this method would, in effect, set a ceiling on each year’s spending (i.e., there is no
need for the “such sums as may be necessary” for the MG). This could force a
reduction in core program authorizations to make room for the MG distributions
necessary to meet the requirements of the MG. Finally, revenues to the HTF can
decline (as they did in FY2001). This could put Congress in the uncomfortable
position of having to either draw monies from the general fund, draw down the
unexpended balance of the HTF (if there is anything left to draw down), or allow
spending to drop for the year.
Eliminate the State Percentages (Base Share) Table. The heart of
TEA-21’s hold harmless provisions is the State Percentages table codified in 23
U.S.C. 105 (b). One option which could save money would be to replace the
percentage table with a simple dollar amount base guarantee for each state. These
state amounts would be adjusted where necessary to bring states up to their dollar
amount base guarantee. The 95% guaranteed return would then be accomplished by
bringing up the apportionment of states whose base dollar guarantees are less than
95% of their estimated payments to the HTF. By guaranteeing a dollar figure rather
than a share percentage that cannot be reduced, this could require a smaller program
size to achieve the guaranteed return. Most donee states would probably resist giving
up their base share guarantees in exchange for a dollar amount guarantee unless the
dollar levels were generous. The savings could be significantly reduced depending
on how generous the dollar base levels would need to be to pass the bill.
Restrict the Program Scope of the MG. One way to reduce the cost of
the MG is to reduce the number of programs covered by the guarantee (assuming that
other attributes are held constant). The states’ percent share return on payments to
the HTF could be applied to as small a number of the federal-aid highway programs
as needed to stay within budget. Under TEA-21, the scope of the guarantee was in
the 93-94% range. In the 109th Congress, SAFETEA and TEA-LU, as passed have
a scope of roughly 92-93%.
To an extent, TEA-LU as introduced in the 108th Congress, took this approach.
The bill provided for a 95% guaranteed return on contributions to the HTF by the last
year of the authorization, but the MG only covered programs that together accounted
for about 80% of the bill’s total funding (i.e. making the MG 95% of 80%). TEA-


20 During early discussions of redirecting the 2.5 cent ethanol tax to the highway account
and compensating the account for the ethanol subsidy, FHWA confirmed that, to the surprise
of most observers, that because of the role of DC (which uses virtually no gasohol) in
determining total program size, the increase in revenues would actually lead to a drop in
total program size.

LU’s categorization of programs under or not under the MG umbrella was
controversial and is believed by some observers to create problems for the
functioning of the MG. Donor states in particular were concerned that having such
a large number of programs outside the MG would undermine the MG program’s
ability to actually achieve the 95% return-on-payments target. Donor states were also
concerned that they will have to successfully compete for earmarks in the allocated
(non-MG programs) to achieve this level. The large donor states, in particular, would
probably see this process as, in effect, taking away with one hand what has been
given with the other.
Reduce the Target Minimum Percent Return Below the 95% Level.
Some have begun making the case that, under the current fiscal constraints, a 95%
return is an unrealistic goal for this reauthorization cycle. During TEA-21
reauthorization there was also a major effort to increase the minimum return to 95%.
In the end, as discussed previously, only a 0.5% increase was enacted. The large
increase in HTF revenue that was available to assuage donor states in 1998 may be
what is needed to provide for an increased guaranteed return. Such revenues are not
expected to be available in the FY2004-FY2009 period. In the current fiscal
environment the TEA-21 MG cannot provide a 95% return. Unless the TEA-21 MG
framework is replaced or altered, the minimum rate of return guarantee can only be
maintained or modestly increased.
The Donor State “SHARE” Proposal for a 95% Guarantee
The Highway Funding Equity Act of 2003 (H.R. 2208, S. 1090) is a proposal
supported by States’ Highway Alliance for Real Equity (SHARE) that would replace
the existing MG with a 95% share guarantee.21 Both the House and Senate versions
include a basic minimum guarantee of a 95% share return on state payments to the
HTF. The House version of the bill also includes a 95% discretionary program
guarantee which covers nearly all remaining program spending. This means that
there are two MG program umbrellas that expand the “scope” of the MG to all
programs except Federal Lands Highways, research, and the administrative
takedown.
The bill includes some other significant attributes. It holds harmless states with
fewer than 50 people per square mile. These states are guaranteed their TEA-21 base
share from the table in 23 U.S.C.(b). The bill also requires that the Secretary of DOT
shall “allocate among the States amounts sufficient to ensure that the percentage for
each State of the total apportionment for the fiscal year equals or exceeds” the 95%
minimum or the sparsely populated state percentage mentioned above. In addition,
for the 95% share discretionary guarantee, in the House version, the Secretary is to
allocate among the states amounts sufficient to ensure that when all of the allocations
for the fiscal year have been identified each state’s percentage will equal or exceed
the percentage that is equal to 95% of the tax payments ratio (state estimated tax


21 This discussion is based on H.R. 2208. S. 1090 is similar except that it does not include
a discretionary 95% guarantee.

payments/all states’ estimated tax payments). The bill authorizes “such sums as are
necessary” to carry out the provision.22
The strength of the SHARE proposal for donor states is that it most fully
addresses their preeminent desire for a 95% rate of return that covers the broadest
scope of programs possible. For the unprotected donee states, its main weakness is
their loss of share. Some observers might also argue that under SHARE the
guaranteed rate of return is so high and all encompassing that it calls into question
the rational for having a federal program and strengthens the arguments for
“devolution” of the programs to the states.
Devolve the Highway Program to the States
One approach to the MG and donor-donee controversy that attracted attention
during the debate prior to passage of TEA-21, but that has not garnered much interest
in the current reauthorization debate, would be to simply devolve most of the federal
highway program role to the states.23 The Transportation Empowerment Act (H.R.
1470 and S. 1907, 105th Congress), sponsored by Senator Connie Mack of Florida
and Representative John Kasich of Ohio, would have devolved much of the federal
highway program role to the states.24 Only a program for maintaining the Interstate
System, federal lands highways, National Security Highways, Emergency Relief, and
a proposed Infrastructure Special Assistance Fund would have remained federal. A
four year phase out of 12 cents of the federal gas tax would have corresponded with
the declining federal role. States would have had the option of replacing the
declining federal taxes with gas tax increases of their own. States would then have
had the freedom to spend, or not spend, on their own roads as they saw fit.
Although this proposal garnered some support from advocates of a reduced
federal role in transportation, it did not obtain broad support from many governors,
state legislatures, or State Departments of Transportation, many of whom were wary
of the political implications of pushing large replacement gas tax increases through


22 Intuitively, because the bill does not hold all donee states’ shares harmless, one would
expect the SHARE proposal to be less costly than TEA-LU (as reported) or SAFETEA (as
passed), however this may or may not be the case. First, all other attributes held steady, the
broader the programmatic scope of the MG the more costly its implementation. The
SHARE proposal has a broader scope than either of the active legislative proposals. Second,
the bill appears to still require a projection of total program size similar to that in TEA-21.
This, combined with the ethanol tax revenue changes could, as with TEA-LU, lead to a
larger or smaller program size than expected. The place it clearly saves money, however,
in the unprotected donee state shares which are not held harmless. Although it appears that,
under SHARE, donee states’ dollar amounts would not drop below their TEA-21 levels,
their shares would.
23 As mentioned previously, “devolution,” during the 1990s, generally referred to the
shifting of federal programmatic responsibility and funding resources to the states.
24 Rep. Jeff Flake introduced a bill with similar attributes, H.R. 3113, the Transportation
Empowerment Act, on September 17, 2003. The bill was referred to the House
Subcommittee on Highways, Transit, and Pipelines on September 18, 2003. There has been
no further action on the bill.

their state legislatures, and at the same time keeping these funds dedicated to
transportation. Despite the failure of devolution proposals to be enacted, some would
make the case that the closer the MG gets to 100% the more sense devolution to the
states makes. They would argue that as the guaranteed rate of return increases the
FHWA’s simply becomes more like a tax collector for the states. The need for and
efficiency of the federal government as middleman comes into question. At this
time, however, there appears to be little interest at the state or federal level for any
radical change in the federal role in the highway program.
Integrate the Guaranteed Rate of Return Into All Federal-Aid
Highways Programs
If the assumption that the penultimate goal of federal-aid highway programs is
to guarantee each state, say a 95% share rate of return, then one way to accomplish
this would be to eliminate all other formula criteria and weight all the programs
within the scope of the MG to provide each state with the percentage share of the
program funds that would provide a 95% return on its share contributions to the HTF.
Congress would still authorize each program’s dollar amount and the old core
formula programs could still retain their program goals and requirements but the
apportionment of program funds to the states would be strictly determined by each
state’s percent share of contributions to the HTF. Funding for allocated
(discretionary) programs within the scope of MG could also be divided among the
states based on 95% share of their shares of contributions to the HTF. In such a
case, however, these funds would only be available for funding within each state’s
aggregate program allocations. The remaining 5% of revenues could be used to fund
program administration, the Federal Lands Highways Program, Emergency Relief,
and other small programs that do not lend themselves to a strict rate of return
distribution.
This approach has advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is that
it would achieve the goal of a guaranteed percentage share return to the states without
requiring an expensive MG program. There would be no separate MG program
funding per se, since the rate of return minimum would be integrated into the
individual programs. It would also have the advantage of simplicity over the existing
MG program. Congress could set the size of the various programs without having
to consider the impact on the core programs of the MG distributions.
On the other hand, such an option could limit the ability of the federal
government to fund federal policy priorities. The program formulas that include such
demographic and infrastructure characteristic factors as lane miles, vehicle miles
traveled, diesel fuel used, cost to repair or replace deficient bridges, or weighted non-
attainment and maintenance area population, are, at least in part, an attempt to direct
federal funding where it is needed to fulfill the formulas’ program goals. Some
would also argue that basing federal funding distribution overwhelmingly on rate of
return on payments to the HTF will lead to inefficiencies where states, for example,
with relatively few deficient bridges could receive more bridge program funds than
states with relatively more or states with no air quality non-attainment areas could get
more CMAQ funding than some states with non-attainment areas. Perhaps the main
disadvantage of basing all programs on a guaranteed rate of return is that it would



doubtless be opposed by donee states who could not only see their shares reduced,
but would, in some cases, actually see a reduction in dollars received under the
federal programs.
Overarching Issues for Congress
Although much of the reauthorization debate has focused on the state by state
estimates of funding flows under the various bills and amendment proposals, there
are broad policy implications of the MG proposals, including the appropriate federal
role vis-a-vis the states, program purpose, and possible implications for mass transit.
The Role of the Federal Government Vis-a-Vis the States
The federal-state partnership in surface transportation has been a fundamental
element of federal highway policy since the passage of the Federal-Aid Road Act of
1916 (39 Stat. 355) although the nature and extent has changed over time.25 Under
the act funding was apportioned by formula to the state highway departments which
were responsible for the construction and maintenance of the federal aid highways.
The state and federal governments were seen as equal partners and this was, in part,
the rationale for the 50% federal match for highway construction projects. With the
passage of the Federal Highway and Revenue Acts of 1956 (70 Stat. 374 and 70 Stat
387), authorizations for the Interstate Highway System were greatly increased over
a 13 year authorization. It also established the federal match for Interstate
construction of 90%. The revenue title of the act established the HTF and raised the
gas and other transportation taxes to support it. These taxes were to revert back to
their original rates in FY1973, the estimated completion date for the interstate
system.26 However, although the obligations for the Interstate System as a percent
of total trust funded obligations began to decline after 1967, increasing obligations
for non-interstate highway programs more than made up for the difference. In
addition, with the encouragement of the states as well as construction and other
interest groups, the federal match for the major non-interstate programs was
increased to 70% in 1970, to 75% in 1978, and to 80% in 1992. Over time the
financial commitment has shifted away from the states and toward the federal
government. 27


25 See Highway Assistance Programs: a Historical Perspective, by Porter K. Wheeler.
Washington, Congressional Budget Office. 1978. 86 p. See also archived CRS Report 91-

12 E, Matching Federal Aid for Highways: Rationale from Post Roads to Interstates, by J.F.


Hornbeck. 23 p.
26 The fuel taxes were 2 cents per gallon prior to passage of the Federal Highway Revenue
Act of 1956. The act raised the tax to 3 cents effective July 1, 1956. The tax was again
raised in 1959 to 4 cents effective October 1, 1959.
27 This is not to say that there is no cost to the states in participating in the Federal-Aid
highway program. Federal administrative, labor, and environmental requirements add
significant costs to federal highway projects in some states.

While the federal financial role was increasing, states were pressing for
increased flexibility to move their formula program apportionments among the other
formula programs or to transit, thereby, significantly increasing state control over
their spending choices under the Federal-Aid Highway programs (FAHP). The case
can be made that by the enactment of TEA-21, while the federal financial role had
increased significantly, through higher spending and increased federal share, the state
control over spending decisions was also increasing. In addition, the MG distribution
itself, which averaged roughly $6 billion per year during TEA-21, dilutes the impact
of the program apportionment formula factors which were originally designed, at
least in part, to help achieve federal program goals.
These trends, the enhanced federal financial role, increased state authority over
spending decisions, as well as calls during the current reauthorization debate for a

95% MG rate of return on a wide scope of FAHP programs, raises policy questions.


At what point does the federal role become so limited that converting the FAHP to
a revenue sharing or block grant programs makes sense? Federal administrative,
labor, and environmental requirements do add to most states’ project costs. On the
other hand, some would argue that despite state complaints concerning the costs of
complying with the federal highway program requirements and donor state
displeasure with their rates of return, the existing federal highway programs are still
seen by many as serving a national purpose and continue to be very popular with
most state departments of transportation.
Program Purpose and “Scope”
An issue which may be seen as being corollary to the federal role issue is
whether a high rate of return percentage, such as 95%, coupled with a similarly broad
program scope could constrain a federal programmatic response to federal needs as
they arise. Some federal programs, such as the Federal Lands Highways programs,
are accepted as being federal in nature and not lending themselves to equal
distribution across 50 states. For some programs there is less of a consensus.28
Having a 95% guaranteed rate of return and a similar percentage scope would
leave little room for targeted federal programs outside the MG. Given the
combination of the impact of the MG distribution on apportionments and program
flexibility that allows states to flex much of their core program funding among these
programs or to transit, the case can be made that programs that are directed toward


28 The issue of scope came up during the TEA-LU floor debate on the unsuccessful Isakson
amendment concerning the impact of including the proposed Projects of National and
Regional Significance program within the scope of the MG. Also referred to as “Mega,”
this program would fund very large projects costing over $500 million or the equivalent of
75% of a state’s annual total program apportionment to address transportation problem areas
that would lead to regional or national transportation improvements. The Amendment, by
including the Mega projects within the scope of the MG, would in effect have reduced the
MG apportionments of the state which received the Mega project funding. This would
reduce the attractiveness of such targeted federal programs to the states as well as diluting
the impact of the program. By leaving it out of the scope of the MG, the state or states
getting the grant would receive it as additional funding. See Congressional Record. V. 150,
April 2, 2004. P. H2070-H2080.

transportation infrastructure needs that are inherently federal in nature should be
outside the scope of the MG. Perhaps an option would be to redefine scope in a way
that only programs that serve what are clearly federal purposes could be outside the
scope of the MG. These programs could be designated in law as being inherently
federal. Any other programs whether formula or discretionary would be retained
within the scope of the MG. The MG debate would then be focused on a more
clearly defined concept of scope. Doing this would require a broad consensus among
both donor and donee state Members of Congress. Donor states advocates would
probably be concerned that programs defined as being federal in nature could add up
over time to the detriment of donor state rates of return. The issue is whether the need
for equity is greater than needs that are inherently federal.
Good for the Gander: a Minimum Guarantee for Transit?
Although the minimum guarantee/equity remedy debate during the current
surface transportation reauthorization debate in Congress has focused exclusively on
a guaranteed rate of return on payments to the highway account, some have argued
that a similar guarantee should be applied to payments to the mass transit account of
the HTF.29 The mass transit account is credited with the revenues from 2.86 cents
of federal fuel taxes. Roughly 80% of the Federal Transit Administration’s funding
comes from the mass transit account, the remaining funding is provided by treasury
general funds. The distribution of nearly all of these funds is by formula and by
earmark from the federal government to the individual transit authorities (i.e., it
differs from the highway programs which are funded through the state DOTs). From
a state perspective, the program set up tends to favor states that have large cities with
existing fixed guideway type transit systems (heavy rail, light rail, dedicated bus
lanes). Rural states and states with bus dependent transit tend to get less. The top
five states receiving federal transit funding (as of FY2002), California, New York,
New Jersey, Illinois, and Texas, received over 49% of total transit obligations. Some
transit donor states see their tax payments as subsidizing the urbanized states and
argue that they have transit needs themselves that are unmet. They also argue that
FTA programs unfairly underfund bus-only transit systems and that the need for
public transportation in rural areas is mostly ignored by the current funding
distribution.
Supporters of the FTA programs can make a number of arguments in defense
of the uneven geographic distribution of transit funding. The main argument is one
of program national purpose. Under the statement of policies, findings, and purposes
in 49 U.S.C. 1501, the focus is clearly on urban mass transportation with a goal to
“efficiently maximize mobility of individuals and goods in and through urbanized


29 For an example of state support of a 95% share guarantee for transit, see
[ ht t p: / / www.mi chi gan.gov/ document s / Reaut hor i z a t i onBasi c sWashi ngt on3_7_59563_7.ppt ]
The State Highway Alliance for Real Equity (SHARE) has distanced itself from advocates
of a transit guarantee and has a policy statement on its website [http://www.sharestates.org]:
“The SHARE Coalition and its predecessors have been organized over the last twenty years
in an effort to improve their rate of return in the highway program funds. SHARE
specifically focuses on the highway program and has made a deliberate decision not to
address transit equity issues.”

areas and minimize transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution.” For
transit systems to be efficient they need to serve areas of concentrated population.
A mass transit 95% guaranteed rate of return would shift large amounts of funding
to less densely populated areas where the number of people served would be low and
the costs per passenger mile would be high (i.e. would lead to inefficiencies). Some
would also argue that the support for a transit minimum guarantee is really based on
the assumption by states that they could flex a significant portion of their transit
funding to highway programs. Transit donee states may argue that a transit
guaranteed rate of return would punish the urban areas that have taken the initiative
to build, in some cases before significant federal funding was available, transit
systems that are in line with federal policy goals of enhancing urban mobility,
reducing fuel consumption, and improving air quality. Finally, transit interests argue
that the role of cities as economic centers means that urban mobility benefits not just
the cities but the nation as a whole.
The transit minimum guarantee debate has not garnered wide-spread public
support during the current reauthorization cycle but, especially should a 95%
guarantee for highway programs be enacted , it would not be surprising for some
form of transit equity provision to be at issue in the next reauthorization cycle. The
big losers would be California and New York. Interestingly, some states that are
highway program donor states are major beneficiaries of the transit program. For
example, should California and New Jersey support the 95% return on payments to
the highway account of the HTF, they could be in the position of having to oppose
a transit minimum guarantee or risk a loss of much more transit funding than they
gained through the highway program guarantee. In addition, such a major shift in
funding would probably require a major rewriting of the federal transit programs for
the programs to make sense as a whole. It would also overturn what many see as the
great compromise of 1982 under which the transit account of the HTF was created
and funded with 1 cent of the fuel tax increase in the bill. Transit dependent states
supported an expanded highway program in return.



Appendix I: How the TEA-21 Minimum Guarantee is
Calculated
The TEA-21 MG is calculated using a multi-step process. The program
guarantees that each state’s share of the sum of the apportionments of the programs
under the MG umbrella will be at least 90.5% of its share of payments to the highway
account of the HTF. This requirement, however, must be met while at the same time
fulfilling the two other parts of the guarantee, the guaranteed base share and the $1
million minimum state payment. TEA-21 required that the guaranteed return on
contributions to the HTF be based on data estimated for the most recent fiscal year
for which state-by state payment data are available. For the FY2003 MG calculation,
the most recent year for which data was available was FY2001.
The following discussion describes these steps and provides the step by step
results for three “states,” Arizona, the District of Columbia (DC), and Pennsylvania.
The full FHWA calculation tables for FY2003 are reproduced in Appendix II.30 An
understanding of the process and peculiarities of the calculation process are key to
understanding some of the MG policy options discussed in this report. Each step is
begun with a summary sentence or paragraph followed by a more detailed technical
description.
Step 1: Determine the minimum State Share of Apportionments Each State
Must Receive to meet the 90.5% guaranteed return on its payments to the HTF.
The estimated state payments for each state are divided by the contributions (i.e.
payments to the HTF) made by all states to produce each state’s percent share of total
contributions. These state shares of total contributions are then multiplied by 90.5%
to determine each state’s minimum percentage share of apportionments and high
priority project allocations it must receive.
Table 1: MG Calculation Step 1
FY2001 HighwayState Share of Total90.5% of State
AccountContributionsShare of
St a t e Co nt ribut io ns Co nt ribut io ns
($000)
(1) (2) (3)
Arizona 505,219 1.8770% 1.6987%
Dist. of Columbia30,9600.1150%0.1041%
Pennsylvania 1,084,0844.0277%3.6451%
Total for all states26,915,773100%90.5%


30 This discussion is based on FY2003 MG calculation tables produced by FHWA. These
tables are used for instructional purposes by FHWA and are reproduced in Appendix II of
this report. No adjustment has been made for the 0.65% across-the-board rescission
imposed in P.L. 108-7.

Step 2: Compare base share from table in Sec. 1104 of TEA-21 to 90.5% of
state share calculated in step 1 to determine if adjustment is needed. If the TEA-
21 base share from the table in 23 U.S.C. 105(b) is lower than the share (calculated
in step 1) required to guarantee a 90.5% return, Table 2 identifies which states’
shares must be increased to assure each state’s return on their contributions.31
Table 2: MG Calculation Step 2
Base Shares90.5% of StateIs Increase Needed
Specified in TEA-21 Share of Totalto Provide at Least
State(Sec. 1104)Contributionsa 90.5% Return
(1) (2) (3)
Arizona 1 .5581% 1.6978% Yes
Dist. of Columbia0.3956%0.1041No
Pennsylvania 4.98873.6451No
Total for all states100%90.5%(9 of 50 states) Yes
Steps 3-5: raise adjustments to sec. 1104 base shares where necessary to
guarantee a 90.5% return and squeeze down other state base shares so total
equals 100%. For FY2003 a sequence of three adjustments were required to bring
all states base shares up to 90.5%, to squeeze down the other state shares, and to
obtain a 100% total for all state shares (for detail, see Appendix II steps 3 through 5).
Table 3 (Step 6) sets forth the revised state shares.
Step 6: check results of previous adjustment rounds and display final
return on highway account contributions for each state. This step verifies that
the repeated process of raising low shares up to 90.5% and the squeezing down of
other state shares is complete (column (1) showing the sec. 1104 base shares has been
added for comparison). As set forth in the Table 3, column 2, the “Revised Shares
for all States” are the shares that will be used to calculate the MG. Column 3 shows
the percent share necessary to guarantee 90.5%. Column 5 computes the final return
on HTF contributions by dividing the revised share from column 2 by the state share
of total contributions from step 1 column 2.


31 TEA-21 sec. 1104 also limited the initial base share adjustment to states that received a
90.5% return in 1998. This has been left out of this discussion for simplicity’s sake and
because later adjustments prevent these states from being penalized by the provision.

Table 3: MG Calculation Step 6
OriginalRevised90.5% ofAny StatesFinal
Sec. 1104Share forState ShareRevisedReturn on
StateBase ShareAll StatesofSharesHighway
(used toContribut-BelowAccount
calculate io ns 90.5% Co nt ribut -
MG) io ns
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Arizona 1 .5581% 1.6987% 1.6987% No 90.5%
Dist. Of0.3956%0.3860%0.1041%No335.5%
Co lumb ia
Pennsylvania 4 .9887% 4.8671% 3.6451% No 120.8%
Total for all100%100%90.5%
States
As Table 3 shows, Arizona’s base share has increased to assure that its final
return on HTF contributions meets the 90.5% share minimum guarantee. At the
same time DC and Pennsylvania’s shares have been squeezed down but still maintain
a return of well over 100%.
Keep in mind that, at this point in the process, no dollar amounts have been
introduced since step 1. All the adjusting has been the adjusting of share
percentages, not dollars.
Step 7: Determine the Program Level. Step 7 may be the most confusing of
all the steps. In simple terms, because no money apportioned may be taken back, the
only way to meet all states guaranteed apportionment shares (determined in step 6)
is to increase the national total for all programs under the MG umbrella. The
required program size to meet each states percent share is projected and the largest
amount needed to meet any state’s share becomes the total program level.
In more detail, the MG, as mentioned earlier, requires that the states’ share of
apportionments of the total apportionments for the programs listed in Sec. 1104 (IM,
NHS, STP, HBRR, CMAQ, ADHS, Recreational Trails, Metropolitan Planning,
HPP, and the MG itself) will be the final revised share, set forth in step 6. It also
provides that no state shall receive less than $1 million annually. Step 7 begins, in
column 1 (see Table 4 below), with the state-by-state formula driven program
apportionment totals plus HPP funding. Each state is then given the $1 million
minimum amount (column 2). These total dollar amounts (column 3) may not be
taken away from any state. This means that the only way to achieve the percent share
set forth in column 4 is to set the national total based on the state that would need the
largest downward share adjustment.
Under TEA-21 this “state” has been DC. DC’s total program level in column

3, $107,154,552, is 0.4965% of the column’s national total of $21,592,143,690.


DC’s MG percent share is supposed to be 0.3860%. In other words, DC’s share must
be reduced from 0.4965% to 0.3860% without taking any money away from DC.
The only way to do this is to expand the total program to the level that will reduce
DC’s share to 0.3860%. FHWA calculates that for FY2003 the program needs to be
$27.763 billion.



Table 4: MG Calculation Step 7
Sum of AllAddTotalPercentProgram Size
Appo rt io n- Minimum Sha re ( i ncluding
Statements (beforeMG(Add firstMG needed
MG) and HighAmount ofand secondto provide
Priority$1 Millioncolumns)state shares)
Projects (Col. 3/Col. 4)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Ar i z o n a 316,379,875 1,000,000 317,379,875 1.6987% 18,683,489,297
Dist. Of106,154,5521,000,000107,154,5520.3860%27,763,290,761
Co lumb ia
P e nnsyl va ni a 1,171,973,757 1,000,000 1,172,973,757 4.8671% 24,100,025,780
Total for21,541,143,69051,000,00021,592,143,690100.000%
all States
Note: totals may not compute due to rounding.
Step 8: Calculate MG Apportionments to Reach National and State Program
Size Targets. Basically, this step uses the final percent share for each state
determined in step six to calculate each state’s dollar share of the $27.763 billion
national program. From these state dollar totals the sum of each state’s total
apportionments and HPP funds (column 1 in step 7) is subtracted. The result is the
MG apportionment for each state and for the MG program as a whole.
Table 5: MG Calculation Step 8
StatePercent ShareState Share ofSum of allMinimum
from Step 6TargetpreviousGuarantee
Program SizeApportion-Apportion-
ments and HPPment
Col 2 - Col 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Arizona 1.6987% 471,620,135 316,379,875 155,240,260
District of 0.3860%107,154,552106,154,5521,000,000
Columb ia
P ennsylvania 4 .8671% 1,351,268,739 1,171,973,757 179,294,982
To tal 100.0000% 27,763,290,761 21,541,143,690 6,222,147,071
Note: MG apportionment totals do not reflect the 0.65% across the board reduction required by P.L. 108-7.
Further steps reduce the MG apportionment by 2% for state planning and research as well as determining the base
and “remainder distribution amounts. Totals may not calculate due to rounding.
The complexity of the MG calculations is a result of FHWA’s successful
attempt to meet the requirements of the MG statute. The process reconciles two
requirements of the law that are, at face value, seemingly contradictory: that donor
states should get increased shares while donee state shares, for the most part, are to
be held harmless. Under TEA-21 these seemingly contradictory requirements were
resolved by the process of increasing the total program size. This worked under
TEA-21 because there was, as mentioned earlier, an increase in available gas tax
revenues supporting the HTF. This is not the situation in the current reauthorization
environment making it probable that the TEA-21 MG structure will need to be
significantly altered or replaced, if the guaranteed rate of return is to be increased.



Appendix II: FHWA’s FY2003 MG Calculation Tables
ine share needed to provide guaranteed return on contributions.
FY2001State90.5 %
HighwayShare ofof State
teAccountTotalShare of
Contributions Contributions Contributions
($000)(col. (2) x 90.5%)
-1--2--3-The MG provision guarantees that each State’s
530,2111.9699%1.7828%Interstate Maintenance, National Highway System,
55,1490.2049%0.1854%Surface Transportation Program, Highway Bridge
505,2191.8770%1.6987%Rehabilitation and Replacement, Congestion Mitigation
s358,0461.3302%1.2039%and Air Quality Improvement, Recreational Trails,
2,774,08910.3066%9.3274%Appalachian Development Highway System, Metro
381,6431.4179%1.2832%Planning, and the Minimum Guarantee itself, along with
ut279,4141.0381%0.9395%high priority projects (excluding #1818-1849)
69,8770.2596%0.2350%will be at least 90.5% of its share of Highway
ol.30,9600.1150%0.1041%Account contributions (hereafter referred to as the
1,420,3795.2771%4.7758%90.5% return). In this step we determine
1,051,0123.9048%3.5339%the minimum share of the apportionments (including
65,2140.2423%0.2193%MG) and high priority projects that a State must receive
150,3040.5584%0.5054%to meet the guaranteed 90.5% return on its Highway
954,5193.5463%3.2094%Account contributions.
678,256 2.5199% 2.2805%
298,8531.1103%1.0048%a. This computation is based on estimated contributions
287,6341.0686%0.9671%for the latest fiscal for which data are available. For the
y516,1211.9175%1.7354%FY2003 Minimum Guarantee calculations, FY2001
a471,6841.7524%1.5860%Highway Account contributions are used. The FY2001
145,8850.5420%0.4905%contributions are shown in column (1).
483,282 1.7955% 1.6250%
etts506,0991.8803%1.7017%b. In column (2) we determine what share of the total
n908,2233.3743%3.0538%Highway Account contributions came from each State
ta403,4131.4988%1.3564%by dividing each State’s contributions by the national
360,319 1.3387% 1.2115% total.
i 677,349 2.5166% 2.2775%
119,3740.4435%0.4014%c. Since the guarantee promises only a 90.5% return
a199,3320.7406%0.6702%on each State’s share of Highway Account contributions,
194,6060.7230%0.6543%we multiply the share of contributions in column (2) by
pshire123,2030.4577%0.4143%90.5%. The result is shown in column (3).
ey 784,934 2.9163% 2.6392%
xico240,7840.8946%0.8096%No State will receive less than the percentage
rk1,085,6654.0336%3.6504%shown in column (3) of the specified
rolina832,4873.0929%2.7991%apportionments (including MG) and high priority
akota84,6690.3146%0.2847%project allocations.
1,011,436 3.7578% 3.4008%
a 451,040 1.6757% 1.5166%
323,878 1.2033% 1.0890%
ania 1 ,084,084 4.0277% 3.6451%
land 72,226 0.2683% 0.2428%
ro lina 489,539 1.8188% 1.6460%
ako ta 86,785 0.3224% 0.2918%
e 658,017 2.4447% 2.2125%
2 ,328,273 8.6502% 7.8284%
223,770 0.8314% 0.7524%
65,479 0.2433% 0.2202%
746,594 2.7738% 2.5103%
ton 513,692 1.9085% 1.7272%
ginia 187,696 0.6973% 0.6311%
in 508,343 1.8886% 1.7092%
136,713 0.5079% 0.4597%
o tal 26,915,773 100.0000% 90.5000%



90.5 %Is IncreasedIs State
Baseof StateShare NeededEligible for
SharesShare ofto ProvideInitial
tateSpecifiedContributionsat LeastAdjustment?
in § 1104(Step 1,90.5% Return?(1998 Return
col. (3))(col. (1) < col. (2))= 90.5%)
Section 1104 provides base State shares, but requires that they
-1--2--3--4-be adjusted to ensure that
2.0269%1.7828% each State receives the 90.5% return on its
1.1915%0.1854% share of Highway Account contributions. In this
1.5581%1.6987%YesYesstep, we identify which need their starting shares
s1.3214%1.2039% from §1104 increased to ensure their return on
9.1962%9.3274%YesYestheir contributions.
1.1673%1.2832%Yes
ut1.5186%0.9395% a. Column (1) shows the base State shares
e0.4424%0.2350% from §1104,
ol.0.3956%0.1041%
4.6176%4.7758%YesYesb. Column (2) shows the minimum share
3.5104%3.5339%YesYesrequired for each State to meet the guarantee
0.5177%0.2193% of a 90.5% return. These are the result of
0.7718%0.5054% Step 1 and are the percentages shown in
3.3819%3.2094% column (3) on the previous page.
2 .3588% 2.2805% Yes
1.2020%1.0048% c. Column (3) identifies States that need an
1.1717%0.9671% increase in the base share from §1104 to
y1.7365%1.7354%Yesreceive the guaranteed 90.5% return.
a1.5900%1.5860% A State needs an increase if its percentage
0.5263%0.4905% from §1104 column (1) is less than the share
1.5087%1.6250%YesYesdetermined in Step 1 (shown in column (2)).
etts1.8638%1.7017%
n3.1535%3.0538%Yesd. Under a provision in TEA-21 § 1104,
ta1.4993%1.3564% States are eligible for an initial increase
1.2186%1.2115% to their base share to provide the 90.5% return
i2.3615%2.2775% only if they received the minimum return
0.9929%0.4014% for FY1998. Column (4) shows the States
a0.7768%0.6702% that received a 90.5 percent return for FY1998.
0.7248%0.6543% States not eligible in the initial round of adjust-
pshire0.5163%0.4143% ments are NOT penalized by this provision.
ey2.5816%2.6392%Yes Watch the subsequent steps for Colorado
xico0.9884%0.8096% to see how this plays out.
rk5.1628%3.6504%
rolina2.8298%2.7991%YesStates with aYes in both columns (3) and (4)
akota0.6553%0.2847% will have their base shares increased to ensure
3.4257%3.4008%Yesthe guaranteed 90.5% return on their share
a1.5419%1.5166% of Highway Account contributions. Seven
1.2183%1.0890% States will be adjusted.
ania4.9887%3.6451%
land0.5958%0.2428%
ro lina 1 .5910% 1.6460% Yes Yes
akota0.7149%0.2918%
e 2 .2646% 2.2125% Yes
7 .2131% 7.8284% Yes Yes
0.7831%0.7524%
0.4573%0.2202%
2.5627% 2.5103% Yes
ton1.7875%1.7272%
ginia1.1319%0.6311%
in1.9916%1.7092%
0.6951%0.4597%
o tal 100.00% 90.5000% 9 1 4



ake initial adjustments, as needed, to base shares from §1104 to guarantee
eturn and adjust shares of other States so total remains 100%.
90.5 %Initial Revised Shares
Baseof StateRaise shareUnadjustedReducedRevised
teSharesShare ofto 90.5%BaseBase SharesShares
in §1104ContributionsLevelShares foron Otherfor
(Step 1,for EligibleRemainingStates toAll States
col. (3))StatesStatesKeep Total(from cols. (3)
(from col. (2))at 100%& (5))
-1--2--3--4--5--6-States whose base shares from §1104 do
not yield the 90.5% guaranteed return AND
2.0269%1.7828% 2.0269%1.9914%1.9914%which are eligible for the initial adjustment,
1.1915%0.1854% 1.1915%1.1706%1.1706%that is, States with a Yes in columns (3) and
1.5581%1.6987%1.6987% 1.6987%(4) in Step 2, will receive the necessary
s1.3214%1.2039% 1.3214%1.2983%1.2983%increase to their base shares. The base
9.1962%9.3274%9.3274% 9.3274%shares of all remaining States will be
1.1673%1.2832% 1.1673%1.1469%1.1469%adjusted proportionately downward so that
ut1.5186%0.9395% 1.5186%1.4920%1.4920%the total of the adjusted shares is 100%.
e0.4424%0.2350% 0.4424%0.4347%0.4347%
ol.0.3956%0.1041% 0.3956%0.3887%0.3887%a. Column (3) shows each State needing
4.6176%4.7758%4.7758% 4.7758%and eligible for an increase receiving the
3.5104%3.5339%3.5339% 3.5339%minimum share necessary to guarantee the
0.5177%0.2193% 0.5177%0.5086%0.5086%90.5% return. These are the shares
0.7718%0.5054% 0.7718%0.7583%0.7583%developed in Step 1 and are shown in
3.3819%3.2094% 3.3819%3.3227%3.3227%column (2) for convenience. The sum of the
2.3588%2.2805% 2.3588%2.3175%2.3175%shares in column (3) is 30.4352%
1.2020%1.0048% 1.2020%1.1809%1.1809%
1.1717%0.9671% 1.1717%1.1512%1.1512%b. Column (4) shows the remainder of the
y1.7365%1.7354% 1.7365%1.7061%1.7061%States receiving the base shares from §1104.
a1.5900%1.5860% 1.5900%1.5622%1.5622%Just under the table is shown the sum of
0.5263%0.4905% 0.5263%0.5171%0.5171%columns (3) and (4). As expected, the
1.5087%1.6250%1.6250% 1.6250%percentages now add to more than 100%.
etts1.8638%1.7017% 1.8638%1.8312%1.8312%
n3.1535%3.0538% 3.1535%3.0983%3.0983%c. Column (5) shows the shares for the
ta1.4993%1.3564% 1.4993%1.4730%1.4730%remaining States after their base shares have
1.2186%1.2115% 1.2186%1.1973%1.1973%been adjusted so the sum of the revised
i2.3615%2.2775% 2.3615%2.3201%2.3201%shares is 100%. The shares have been
0.9929%0.4014% 0.9929%0.9755%0.9755%proportionally reduced so that the sum of the
a0.7768%0.6702% 0.7768%0.7632%0.7632%shares for these States is reduced to
0.7248%0.6543% 0.7248%0.7121%0.7121%69.5648% the difference between 100%
pshire0.5163%0.4143% 0.5163%0.5073%0.5073%and the amount reserved for the increases
ey2.5816%2.6392% 2.5816%2.5364%2.5364%to the States shown in column (3).
xico0.9884%0.8096% 0.9884%0.9711%0.9711%
rk5.1628%3.6504% 5.1628%5.0724%5.0724%d. Column (6) shows the revised shares for
rolina2.8298%2.7991% 2.8298%2.7802%2.7802%all States. The entries come from column (3)
akota0.6553%0.2847% 0.6553%0.6438%0.6438%for the 7 States that received adjustments to
3.4257%3.4008% 3.4257%3.3657%3.3657%get the 90.5% return and from column (5) for
a1.5419%1.5166% 1.5419%1.5149%1.5149%the remaining States.
1.2183%1.0890% 1.2183%1.1970%1.1970%
ania4.9887%3.6451% 4.9887%4.9013%4.9013%
land0.5958%0.2428% 0.5958%0.5854%0.5854%
rolina1.5910%1.6460%1.6460% 1.6460%
akota0.7149%0.2918% 0.7149%0.7024%0.7024%
e2.2646%2.2125% 2.2646%2.2249%2.2249%
7.2131%7.8284%7.8284% 7.8284%
0.7831%0.7524% 0.7831%0.7694%0.7694%
0.4573%0.2202% 0.4573%0.4493%0.4493%
2.5627%2.5103% 2.5627%2.5178%2.5178%
ton1.7875%1.7272% 1.7875%1.7562%1.7562%
ginia1.1319%0.6311% 1.1319%1.1121%1.1121%
in1.9916%1.7092% 1.9916%1.9567%1.9567%
0.6951%0.4597% 0.6951%0.6829%0.6829%
tal 100.00% 90.5000% 30.4352% 70.8049% 69.5648% 100.0000%
Sum of col.(3)
and col.
(4 )==> 101.2401%



eck results of initial adjustment process (Step 3). If any States are receiving less than the 90.5% guarantee, increase their shares to the
eturn level and adjust shares of other States so total remains 100%.
Revised90.5 %AnySecond Round of Share Adjustments
Sharesof StateStatesUnadjustedReducedRevised
eforShare ofBelowSharesShares for SharesShares
All StatesContributions90.5%RaisedRemainingon OtherRound 2
(Step 3,(Step 1,Level?to 90.5%StatesStates to
(col. (1)
col. (6))col. (3))<LevelKeep Total(from cols.
col. (2))at 100%(4) & (6))
-1--2--3--4--5--6--7-There are two reasons that a State
might be below the 90.5% return level
1.9914%1.7828% 1.9914%1.9780%1.9780%after the initial adjustments. (1) Some
1.1706%0.1854% 1.1706%1.1627%1.1627%States, Colorado for example,
1.6987%1.6987%1.6987% 1.6987%needed an adjustment from the
s1.2983%1.2039% 1.2983%1.2895%1.2895%beginning of the process but were not
9.3274%9.3274%9.3274% 9.3274%eligible for the initial adjustment
1.1469%1.2832%Yes1.2832% 1.2832%because their 1998 return was
ut1.4920%0.9395% 1.4920%1.4820%1.4820%above 90.5%. (2) The downward
e0.4347%0.2350% 0.4347%0.4317%0.4317%adjustments made in Step 3 to bring the
ol.0.3887%0.1041% 0.3887%0.3861%0.3861%total shares back to 100% may have
4.7758%4.7758%4.7758% 4.7758%reduced the share of a State whose
3.5339%3.5339%3.5339% 3.5339%initial base share from §1104 had been
0.5086%0.2193% 0.5086%0.5052%0.5052%high enough to an amount below the
0.7583%0.5054% 0.7583%0.7532%0.7532%90.5% return level. Kentucky is an
3.3227%3.2094% 3.3227%3.3003%3.3003%example of this situation.
2.3175%2.2805% 2.3175%2.3019%2.3019%
1.1809%1.0048% 1.1809%1.1730%1.1730%a. Column (1) shows the initial revised
1.1512%0.9671% 1.1512%1.1434%1.1434%shares from Step 3.
y1.7061%1.7354%Yes1.7354% 1.7354%
a1.5622%1.5860%Yes1.5860% 1.5860%b. Column (2) shows the share
0.5171%0.4905% 0.5171%0.5136%0.5136%(determined in Step 1) necessary to
1.6250%1.6250%1.6250% 1.6250%provide the guaranteed 90.5% return.
etts1.8312%1.7017% 1.8312%1.8188%1.8188%
n3.0983%3.0538% 3.0983%3.0774%3.0774%c. Column (3) identifies the States
ta1.4730%1.3564% 1.4730%1.4631%1.4631%whose shares are below the minimum.
1.1973%1.2115%Yes1.2115% 1.2115%Kentuckys, Louisianas, Mississippi’s,
i2.3201%2.2775% 2.3201%2.3045%2.3045%North Carolinas, Ohio’s, and Oklahomas
0.9755%0.4014% 0.9755%0.9689%0.9689%returns at the beginning of the
a0.7632%0.6702% 0.7632%0.7581%0.7581%adjustment process were above the
0.7121%0.6543% 0.7121%0.7073%0.7073%minimum, but dropped below the
pshire0.5073%0.4143% 0.5073%0.5038%0.5038%minimum during the adjustment. The
ey2.5364%2.6392%Yes2.6392% 2.6392%other two States, Colorado and
xico0.9711%0.8096% 0.9711%0.9645%0.9645%New Jersey were already
rk5.0724%3.6504% 5.0724%5.0382%5.0382%below the minimum at the beginning.
rolina2.7802%2.7991%Yes2.7991% 2.7991%They were prevented from getting
akota0.6438%0.2847% 0.6438%0.6395%0.6395%adjustments in the initial round by the
3.3657%3.4008%Yes3.4008% 3.4008%requirement that initial adjustments
a1.5149%1.5166%Yes1.5166% 1.5166%go only to States whose FY1998 returns
1.1970%1.0890% 1.1970%1.1889%1.1889%were at the 90.5% minimum level.
ania4.9013%3.6451% 4.9013%4.8683%4.8683%
land0.5854%0.2428% 0.5854%0.5814%0.5814%d. Column (4) shows the shares raised for
rolina1.6460%1.6460%1.6460% 1.6460%for the 8 States that were below the
akota0.7024%0.2918% 0.7024%0.6976%0.6976%minimum after the initial round of
e2.2249%2.2125% 2.2249%2.2099%2.2099%adjustments. It also shows, in italics, the
7.8284%7.8284%7.8284% 7.8284%shares for the States whose shares were
0.7694%0.7524% 0.7694%0.7642%0.7642%raised in the initial round. These States
0.4493%0.2202% 0.4493%0.4463%0.4463%must have their shares held constant or
2.5178%2.5103% 2.5178%2.5009%2.5009%they will fall below the 90.5% return they
ton1.7562%1.7272% 1.7562%1.7444%1.7444%achieved in the initial round.
ginia1.1121%0.6311% 1.1121%1.1046%1.1046%
in1.9567%1.7092% 1.9567%1.9435%1.9435%e. Columns (5) and (6) show the
0.6829%0.4597% 0.6829%0.6783%0.6783%adjustment of the shares of the remaining
tal100.00%90.5000%846.6069%53.7552%53.3931%100.0000%States so that the sum of the shares will
ol. (4) and Col. (5) = 100.3622%be 100%,



eck results of second adjustment process (Step 4). If any States are receiving less than the 90.5% guarantee, increase their shares to the
eturn level and adjust shares of other States so total remains 100%.
Revised90.5 %AnyThird Round of Share Adjustments
Sharesof StateStatesUnadjustedReducedRevised
tateforShare ofBelowSharesShares for SharesShares
Contribution
All Statess90.5%RaisedRemainingon OtherRound 3
(Step 4,(Step 1,Level?to 90.5%StatesStates to
(col. (1)
col. (7))col. (3))<LevelKeep Total(from cols.
col. (2))at 100%(4) & (6))
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)The downward adjustments to States in the
second round brought two States
Tennessee and Virginia below the
1.9780%1.7828% 1.9780%1.9775%1.9775%minimum
90.5% return. The share for these States must
1.1627%0.1854% 1.1627%1.1625%1.1625%be
1.6987%1.6987%1.6987% 1.6987%increased to meet to minimum 90.5% return
s1.2895%1.2039% 1.2895%1.2892%1.2892%and the shares of other States must be
9.3274%9.3274%9.3274% 9.3274%reduced so that the sum of all the shares
1.2832%1.2832%1.2832% 1.2832%remains at 100%. This is exactly the
ut1.4820%0.9395% 1.4820%1.4816%1.4816%same process as the previous step. The
0.4317%0.2350% 0.4317%0.4316%0.4316%process is repeated until no State receives
ol.0.3861%0.1041% 0.3861%0.3860%0.3860%less than the 90.5% return.
4.7758%4.7758%4.7758% 4.7758%
3 .5339% 3.5339% 3.5339% 3.5339%
0.5052%0.2193% 0.5052%0.5051%0.5051%a. Column (1) shows the revised shares
0.7532%0.5054% 0.7532%0.7530%0.7530%from Step 4 — the second round of
3.3003%3.2094% 3.3003%3.2995%3.2995%adjustments.
2.3019%2.2805% 2.3019%2.3013%2.3013%
1.1730%1.0048% 1.1730%1.1727%1.1727%b. Column (2) shows the share (determined
1.1434%0.9671% 1.1434%1.1431%1.1431%in Step 1) necessary to provide a guaranteed
y1.7354%1.7354%1.7354% 1.7354%90.5% return.
a 1 .5860% 1.5860% 1.5860% 1.5860%
0.5136%0.4905% 0.5136%0.5135%0.5135%c. Column (3) identifies the States whose
1.6250%1.6250%1.6250% 1.6250%shares are below the minimum.
etts1.8188%1.7017% 1.8188%1.8184%1.8184%
n3.0774%3.0538% 3.0774%3.0766%3.0766%d. Column (4) shows the shares raised for the
ta1.4631%1.3564% 1.4631%1.4628%1.4628%two States that were below the minimum after
1.2115%1.2115%1.2115% 1.2115%the second round of adjustments. It also
i2.3045%2.2775% 2.3045%2.3039%2.3039%shows, in italics, the shares for the States
0.9689%0.4014% 0.9689%0.9687%0.9687%whose shares were raised in the initial and
a0.7581%0.6702% 0.7581%0.7579%0.7579%and second rounds. These States must have
0.7073%0.6543% 0.7073%0.7071%0.7071%their shares held constant or they will fall
pshire0.5038%0.4143% 0.5038%0.5037%0.5037%below the 90.5% return level in the previous
ey2.6392%2.6392%2.6392% 2.6392%rounds of adjustments.
xico0.9645%0.8096% 0.9645%0.9643%0.9643%
rk5.0382%3.6504% 5.0382%5.0370%5.0370%e. Columns (5) and (6) show the adjustment
rolina2.7991%2.7991%2.7991% 2.7991%of the shares of the remaining States so that
akota0.6395%0.2847% 0.6395%0.6393%0.6393%the sum of the shares will be 100%.
3.4008%3.4008%3.4008% 3.4008%
a1.5166%1.5166% 1.5166% 1.5166%
1.1889%1.0890% 1.1889%1.1886%1.1886%
ania4.8683%3.6451% 4.8683%4.8671%4.8671%
land0.5814%0.2428% 0.5814%0.5813%0.5813%
rolina1.6460%1.6460%1.6460% 1.6460%
akota0.6976%0.2918% 0.6976%0.6975%0.6975%
e2.2099%2.2125%Yes2.2125% 2.2125%
7 .8284% 7.8284% 7.8284% 7.8284%
0.7642%0.7524% 0.7642%0.7640%0.7640%
0.4463%0.2202% 0.4463%0.4462%0.4462%
2.5009%2.5103%Yes2.5103% 2.5103%
ton1.7444%1.7272% 1.7444%1.7439%1.7439%
ginia1.1046%0.6311% 1.1046%1.1043%1.1043%
in1.9435%1.7092% 1.9435%1.9431%1.9431%
0.6783%0.4597% 0.6783%0.6782%0.6782%
o tal 100.00% 90.5000% 2 51.3297% 48.6823% 48.6703% 100.0000%
ol. (4) and col. (5) == 100.0120%



eck results of third adjustment process (Step 5). If any States are receiving less than the 90.5% guarantee, increase their shares to the
eturn level and adjust shares of other States sototal remains 100%.
Revised90.5 %Any
Sharesof StateStatesFinal
teforShare ofBelowReturn on
All StatesContributions90.5% Highway
(Step 5,(Step 1,Level?Account
col. (7))col. (3))(col. (1) <Contributions
col. (2))
(1)(2)(3)(4)No further adjustments are needed.
The shares determined in Step 5
1.9775%1.7828%No100.4%the third round of adjustments
1.1625%0.1854%No567.3%brought all States up to the minimum
1.6987%1.6987%No90.5%return of 90.5%
s 1.2892% 1.2039% No 96.9%
9.3274%9.3274%No90.5%a. Column (1) shows the revised shares
1.2832%1.2832%No90.5%from Step 5 — the third round of
ut 1.4816% 0.9395% No 142.7% ad justments.
e 0.4316% 0.2350% No 166.3%
ol.0.3860%0.1041%No335.5%b. Column (2) shows the share (determined
4.7758%4.7758%No90.5%in Step 1) necessary to provide the guaranteed
3.5339%3.5339%No90.5%90.5% return.
0.5051% 0.2193% No 208.5%
0.7530%0.5054%No134.8%c. Column (3) identifies the States whose
3.2995%3.2094%No93.0%shares are below the minimum none.
2.3013%2.2805%No91.3%The shares determined in the third round
1.1727%1.0048%No105.6%(and shown in column (1)) will be used
1.1431%0.9671%No107.0%to calculate the Minimum Guarantee.
y 1.7354% 1.7354% No 90.5%
a1.5860%1.5860%No90.5%d. Column (4) shows each State’s percentage
0.5135%0.4905%No94.7%return on its Highway Account contributions.
1.6250%1.6250%No90.5%This is computed as the final share of apportion-
etts1.8184%1.7017%No96.7%ments from column (1) divided by the share
n3.0766%3.0538%No91.2%of contributions from step 1, column (2).
ta 1.4628% 1.3564% No 97.6%
1.2115% 1.2115% No 90.5%
i 2 .3039% 2.2775% No 91.6%
0 .9687% 0.4014% No 218.4%
a 0.7579% 0.6702% No 102.3%
0.7071% 0.6543% No 97.8%
p sh ire 0 .5037% 0.4143% No 110.0%
ey 2.6392% 2.6392% No 90.5%
xico 0.9643% 0.8096% No 107.8%
rk 5.0370% 3.6504% No 124.9%
ro lina 2 .7991% 2.7991% No 90.5%
ako ta 0.6393% 0.2847% No 203.2%
3.4008% 3.4008% No 90.5%
a 1 .5166% 1.5166% No 90.5%
1.1886% 1.0890% No 98.8%
ania 4 .8671% 3.6451% No 120.8%
land 0.5813% 0.2428% No 216.6%
ro lina 1 .6460% 1.6460% No 90.5%
ako ta 0.6975% 0.2918% No 216.3%
e 2 .2125% 2.2125% No 90.5%
7 .8284% 7.8284% No 90.5%
0.7640% 0.7524% No 91.9%
0.4462% 0.2202% No 183.4%
2.5103% 2.5103% No 90.5%
ton 1.7439% 1.7272% No 91.4%
ginia 1.1043% 0.6311% No 158.4%
in 1.9431% 1.7092% No 102.9%
0 .6782% 0.4597% No 133.5%
o tal 100.00% 90.5000%



ine program level.
Sum of All Program Size
Ad d
teApportionmentsMinimumPercent(including MG)
(before MG)MG AmountTotalShareNecessary
and Highof $1 Millionto Provide
PriorityState Shares
Projects(col. (1) + (2))(from Step 6)(col. (3) / col. (4))
-1--2--3--4--5-The Minimum Guarantee provision ensures
that each State’s share of apportionments
434,899,9171,000,000435,899,9171.9775%22,043,018,395for the IM, NHS, STP, Bridge, CMAQ,
104,850,8481,000,000105,850,8481.1625%9,105,774,570ADHS, Recreational Trails, Metro Planning,
316,379,8751,000,000317,379,8751.6987%18,683,489,297and Minimum Guarantee, plus their funding
s275,422,2091,000,000276,422,2091.2892%21,441,503,252for High Priority Projects (excluding
2,122,252,2271,000,0002,123,252,2279.3274%22,763,522,956#1818-1849) will be the share
287,120,6981,000,000288,120,6981.2832%22,453,054,726determined in Step 6 AND that no State
ut260,760,8551,000,000261,760,8551.4816%17,667,614,088receives less than $1 million annually.
e 93,207,279 1,000,000 94,207,279 0.4316% 21,826,592,553
ol.106,154,5521,000,000107,154,5520.3860%27,763,290,761a. Column (1) shows the sum of the above
801,003,0841,000,000802,003,0844.7758%16,793,069,034funding at the start of the calculation. At
656,550,7321,000,000657,550,7323.5339%18,607,150,427this point the Minimum Guarantee amount
108,828,7041,000,000109,828,7040.5051%21,744,743,711is $0.
148,416,893 1,000,000 149,416,893 0.7530% 19,843,191,635
799,808,6371,000,000800,808,6373.2995%24,270,827,647b. Columns (2) and (3) shown the addition
446,645,8101,000,000447,645,8102.3013%19,451,809,342of the $1 million minimum amount of MG
293,005,5871,000,000294,005,5871.1727%25,070,772,454funding to each State.
287,795,475 1,000,000 288,795,475 1.1431% 25,263,327,596
y398,709,3291,000,000399,709,3291.7354%23,033,027,825c. Column (4) shows the percentage share
a355,391,1641,000,000356,391,1641.5860%22,471,603,377determined in Step 6.
117,790,671 1,000,000 118,790,671 0.5135% 23,134,790,173
371,422,9871,000,000372,422,9871.6250%22,918,919,371d. Column (5) shows how large the overall
etts444,548,5941,000,000445,548,5941.8184%24,502,611,242program (sum of the apportionments
n649,935,6281,000,000650,935,6283.0766%21,157,376,124already made, the Minimum Guarantee,
ta356,028,5781,000,000357,028,5781.4628%24,407,935,031and the High Priority Projects) would have
281,474,1261,000,000282,474,1261.2115%23,315,771,354to be to deliver the percentage for that
i543,360,7121,000,000544,360,7122.3039%23,627,372,212State considered by itself.
161,209,884 1,000,000 162,209,884 0.9687% 16,745,125,333
a189,636,2021,000,000190,636,2020.7579%25,154,330,318For example, going into the determination
141,042,5751,000,000142,042,5750.7071%20,087,086,582of the target program size, the District
pshire111,255,6151,000,000112,255,6150.5037%22,285,508,493of Columbia (DC) has 0.496% of the total
ey617,498,0721,000,000618,498,0722.6392%23,434,920,610program counting its original apportionments,
xico201,512,0151,000,000202,512,0150.9643%21,000,742,875its High Priority Projects, and the $1 million
rk1,121,902,9591,000,0001,122,902,9595.0370%22,293,257,085of Minimum Guarantee that each State must
rolina559,902,8451,000,000560,902,8452.7991%20,038,650,017receive. In Step 6, we determined that DC
akota144,250,4901,000,000145,250,4900.6393%22,719,252,466should get only 0.386 percent of the total
760,051,9961,000,000761,051,9963.4008%22,378,666,264program. In other words, DC has too big
a379,448,0851,000,000380,448,0851.5166%25,086,416,106a share. None of the funding that DC has
278,974,6511,000,000279,974,6511.1886%23,554,889,281already received may be taken back. The
ania1,171,973,7571,000,0001,172,973,7574.8671%24,100,025,780only way to change the ratio of DC funding
land128,447,4341,000,000129,447,4340.5813%22,269,452,838to the national total funding is to change
rolina317,128,3051,000,000318,128,3051.6460%19,327,393,680the national total. The amount shown
akota152,517,7161,000,000153,517,7160.6975%22,010,494,655for DC in column (5) shows the level to
e500,816,8131,000,000501,816,8132.2125%22,681,217,948which the national program would have to
1,487,004,9711,000,0001,488,004,9717.8284%19,007,664,509be increased to reduce DCs share of the
189,084,5501,000,000190,084,5500.7640%24,879,760,448national program to 0.386%. This
106,112,0941,000,000107,112,0940.4462%24,007,885,311computation is performed for each State.
522,853,208 1,000,000 523,853,208 2.5103% 20,868,123,109
ton425,887,0521,000,000426,887,0521.7439%24,478,428,408The maximum required program size,
ginia276,059,3711,000,000277,059,3711.1043%25,088,886,306in this case for the District of Columbia,
in371,530,3041,000,000372,530,3041.9431%19,172,382,669will be the target program size in the
163,277,5551,000,000164,277,5550.6782%24,224,093,907Minimum Guarantee calculation.
tal 21,541,143,690 51,000,000 21,592,143,690 100.0000%



culate Minimum Guarantee apportionment to reach target program size.
PercentState ShareSum of All Minimum
tateShareof TargetPreviousGuarantee
from Step 6ProgramApportionmentsApportionment
Sizeand High Priority
Projects(col. (2) - col. (3))
(1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 )
1.9775%549,018,103434,899,917113,452,596In this step, we determine each State’s
1.1625%322,736,726104,850,848216,615,066share of the target program size
1.6987%471,620,135316,379,875154,334,827identified in Step 7. The amount
s1.2892%357,922,207275,422,20982,018,820computed will be the TOTAL of the
9.3274%2,589,602,1922,122,252,227464,624,163States apportionments for IM, NHS,
1.2832%356,262,380287,120,69868,738,416STP, Bridge, CMAQ, ADHS, Rec.
ut1.4816%411,336,963260,760,855149,697,878Trails, Metro Planning, and Minimum
e0.4316%119,831,07593,207,27926,468,515Guarantee, plus its High Priority
ol.0.3860%107,154,552106,154,552994,168Project funding.
4 .7758% 1,325,918,733 801,003,084 521,854,097
3.5339%981,115,955656,550,732322,672,208a. Column (1) shows the adjusted
0.5051%140,227,279108,828,70431,215,444State shares from Step 6.
0 .7530% 209,054,305 148,416,893 60,283,746
3.2995%916,041,404799,808,637115,554,843b. Column (2) shows the application
2.3013%638,918,497446,645,810191,151,263of the State shares in column (1)
1.1727%325,580,818293,005,58732,385,237to the national total program size.
1.1431%317,373,581287,795,47529,405,593In Step 7, we determined that the
y1.7354%481,797,113398,709,32982,603,177national level program size would
a1.5860%440,315,332355,391,16484,428,851be $27,763,290,761 — the highest
0.5135%142,556,726117,790,67124,621,608value in Step 7, column (5).
1.6250% 451,142,024 371,422,987 79,254,078
etts1.8184%504,839,874444,548,59459,939,633c. Column (3) shows the sum of all
n3.0766%854,175,631649,935,628203,048,780apportionments and High Priority
ta1.4628%406,109,251356,028,57849,788,579Project funding each State had
1.2115%336,356,502281,474,12654,562,276BEFORE the Minimum Guarantee
i2.3039%639,649,835543,360,71295,727,520calculation began.
0 .9687% 268,942,757 161,209,884 107,104,525
a0.7579%210,408,635189,636,20220,651,278d. Column (4) shows the Minimum
0.7071%196,323,608141,042,57554,958,608Guarantee apportionment. It is the
pshire0.5037%139,848,067111,255,61528,425,688amount that each State must receive
ey2.6392%732,733,091617,498,072114,562,915in addition to the amounts shown in
xico0.9643%267,723,860201,512,01565,825,667column (3) so that all provisions of
rk5.0370%1,398,426,4941,121,902,959274,910,721of the Minimum Guarantee are met.
rolina2.7991%777,123,647559,902,845215,953,869The amount shown has been
akota0.6393%177,498,428144,250,49033,054,021reduced to comply with the
3.4008%944,171,900760,051,996183,046,0310.65% across-the-board cut
a1.5166%421,044,232379,448,08541,353,539required by section 601 of
1.1886%329,995,932278,974,65150,723,701P.L. 108-7. The $639 million of
ania4.8671%1,351,268,7391,171,973,757178,249,251the Minimum Guarantee that
land0.5813%161,381,906128,447,43432,742,383is exempt from the obligation
rolina1.6460%456,982,911317,128,305139,038,909limitation is also exempt from
akota0.6975%193,642,035152,517,71640,884,463the cut as well.
e 2 .2125% 614,256,524 500,816,813 112,778,078
7 .8284% 2,173,434,545 1,487,004,971 682,425,997
0.7640% 212,115,090 189,084,550 22,896,215
0.4462% 123,866,978 106,112,094 17,651,329
2.5103% 696,942,837 522,853,208 173,074,257
ton 1.7439% 484,172,805 425,887,052 57,945,803
ginia 1.1043% 306,593,118 276,059,371 30,355,660
in 1.9431% 539,456,536 371,530,304 166,946,808
0 .6782% 188,278,891 163,277,555 24,855,517
100.0000% 27, 763,290,761 21,541,143,690 6,185,856,616



- Subdivision of Minimum Guarantee.
MinimumSet Aside 2%Remainder
StateGuaranteefor Stateafter
Apportionmen t P lanning SP R
(from Step 8)& ResearchSetaside
(col. (1) * 2%)
(1 ) (2 ) (3 )
113,452,5962,269,052111,183,544In this step, subdivide each
216,615,0664,332,301212,282,765States minimum guarantee
154,334,827 3,086,697 151,248,130 apportionmen t.
s 82,018,820 1,640,376 80,378,444
464,624,1639,292,483455,331,680a. Column (1) shows the minimum
68,738,4161,374,76867,363,648guarantee amount for each State from
ut149,697,8782,993,958146,703,920step 8.
e 26,468,515 529,370 25,939,145
ol.994,16819,883974,285b. The first subdivision of the MG
521,854,09710,437,082511,417,015apportionment is the setaside
322,672,2086,453,444316,218,764of 2% of the MG apportionment
31,215,444624,30930,591,135for State Planning and Research.
60,283,7461,205,67559,078,071(This same setaside is made from
115,554,8432,311,097113,243,746the IM, NHS, STP, Bridge, and
191,151,2633,823,025187,328,238CMAQ programs.) Column (2)
32,385,237647,70531,737,532shows the SPR setaside from
29,405,593588,11228,817,481MG and is equal to 2% of column (1).
y 82,603,177 1,652,064 80,951,113
a84,428,8511,688,57782,740,274c. Column (3) shows the amount
24,621,608492,43224,129,176remaining in the MGpot” after
79,254,0781,585,08277,668,996the SPR setaside.
etts 59,939,633 1,198,793 58,740,840
n 203,048,780 4,060,976 198,987,804
ta 49,788,579 995,772 48,792,807
54,562,276 1,091,246 53,471,030
i 95,727,520 1,914,550 93,812,970
107,104,525 2,142,091 104,962,434
a 20,651,278 413,026 20,238,252
54,958,608 1,099,172 53,859,436
p sh ire 28,425,688 568,514 27,857,174
ey 114,562,915 2,291,258 112,271,657
xico 65,825,667 1,316,513 64,509,154
rk 274,910,721 5,498,214 269,412,507
ro lina 215,953,869 4,319,077 211,634,792
ako ta 33,054,021 661,080 32,392,941
183,046,031 3,660,921 179,385,110
a 41,353,539 827,071 40,526,468
50,723,701 1,014,474 49,709,227
ania 178,249,251 3,564,985 174,684,266
land 32,742,383 654,848 32,087,535
ro lina 139,038,909 2,780,778 136,258,131
ako ta 40,884,463 817,689 40,066,774
e 112,778,078 2,255,562 110,522,516
682,425,997 13,648,520 668,777,477
22,896,215 457,924 22,438,291
17,651,329 353,027 17,298,302
173,074,257 3,461,485 169,612,772
ton 57,945,803 1,158,916 56,786,887
ginia 30,355,660 607,113 29,748,547
in 166,946,808 3,338,936 163,607,872
24,855,517 497,110 24,358,407
6 ,185,856,616 123,717,133 6,062,139,483



- Subdivision of Minimum Guarantee.
Remai n d er B ase R emai n d er
StateafterMinimumafter SPR
SPRGuaranteeand Base
Setaside$2.8 BillionMG
(Step 9A)(col. (1) * 0.4619)col. (1) - col. (2)
(1 ) (2 ) (3 )
111,183,54451,353,80459,829,740TEA-21 requires that $2.8 billion
212,282,76598,049,830114,232,935of the national total of MG
151,248,13069,858,96281,389,168have the same eligibilities
s80,378,44437,125,44843,252,996as STP funds, but that the $2.8 billion
455,331,680210,310,025245,021,655is not subject to the setaside and
67,363,64831,114,13336,249,515suballocation requirements of the STP
ut146,703,92067,760,06778,943,853program. (Setasides for safety and
e25,939,14511,980,85413,958,291transportation enhancements and
ol.974,285450,006524,279suballocation for various sub-State
511,417,015236,214,895275,202,120areas)
316,218,764 146,056,115 170,162,649
30,591,13514,129,52916,461,606The remainder of the MG funds are
59,078,07127,287,16531,790,906redistributed to the 5 core programs:
113,243,74652,305,37760,938,369IM, NHS, STP, Bridge, and CMAQ.
187,328,238 86,523,754 100,804,484
31,737,53214,659,03117,078,501a. Column (1) shows the amount
28,817,48113,310,30815,507,173of MG left after setting aside 2%
y80,951,11337,389,95543,561,158for the SPR program in step 9A.
a82,740,27438,216,33844,523,936This totals $6.062 billion.
24,129,176 11,144,859 12,984,317
77,668,99635,874,00041,794,996b. Column (2) shows the calculation
etts58,740,84027,131,40331,609,437of the portion of the $2.8 billion for
n198,987,80491,909,111107,078,693each State. It is calculated by
ta48,792,80722,536,57526,256,232multiplying the remaining funds
53,471,03024,697,36728,773,663after the SPR setaside (col. 1)
i93,812,97043,330,62950,482,341by 0.4618831 — the ratio of the
104,962,43448,480,37956,482,055$2.8 billion to $6.062 billion.
a 20,238,252 9,347,707 10,890,545
53,859,43624,876,76528,982,671c. Column (3) shows the remainder
pshire27,857,17412,866,75814,990,416after the SPR setaside and the
ey112,271,65751,856,38460,415,273determination of the base MG amount.
xico64,509,15429,795,69134,713,463This remainder is distributed to the
rk269,412,507124,437,094144,975,413five core programs IM, NHS, STP,
rolina211,634,79297,750,542113,884,250Bridge, and CMAQ in the same
akota32,392,94114,961,75317,431,188proportions that those programs
179,385,11082,854,95796,530,153make up of the States core program
a 40,526,468 18,718,492 21,807,976 total.
49,709,227 22,959,854 26,749,373
ania 174,684,266 80,683,717 94,000,549
land 32,087,535 14,820,691 17,266,844
ro lina 136,258,131 62,935,332 73,322,799
ako ta 40,066,774 18,506,167 21,560,607
e 110,522,516 51,048,487 59,474,029
668,777,477 308,897,039 359,880,438
22,438,291 10,363,867 12,074,424
17,298,302 7,989,793 9,308,509
169,612,772 78,341,279 91,271,493
ton 56,786,887 26,228,905 30,557,982
ginia 29,748,547 13,740,352 16,008,195
in 163,607,872 75,567,717 88,040,155
24,358,407 11,250,738 13,107,669
6 ,062,139,483 2,800,000,000 3,262,139,483