Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other Agencies During the 108th Congress

CRS Report for Congress
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
in Independent and Other Agencies
th
During the 108 Congress
May 5, 2005
Henry B. Hogue
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Maureen Bearden
Information Research Specialist
Knowledge Services Group
Dana Ely
Information Research Specialist
Knowledge Services Group


Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
in Independent and Other Agencies
During the 108th Congress
Summary
This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the
President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate. It also
discusses nominations to full-time positions in 38 executive branch organizations (25
independent agencies, six agencies in the Executive Office of the President (EOP),
and seven multilateral banking organizations) and four legislative branch agencies.
It excludes appointments to executive departments and to regulatory and other boards
and commissions, which are covered in other reports. The Federal Emergency
Management Agency, formerly an independent agency covered by earlier versions
of this report, became part of the Department of Homeland Security when that
department was established during the period covered by this report. Another
government organization, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, came into
existence early in the 108th Congress after it was established by the Millennium
Challenge Act of 2003.
During the 108th Congress, President George W. Bush submitted to the Senate

40 nominations to full-time positions in independent and other agencies. Of these,


31 were confirmed and nine were returned to the President; none were withdrawn.


The President made four recess appointments during this period to positions in
organizations covered in this report (the Environmental Protection Agency and the
U.S. Agency for International Development). Two of these occurred during the 2004
Memorial Day recess and two during the 2004 August recess. All four of these
recess appointments would have expired at the end of the first session of the 109th
Congress. Before this time, the Senate confirmed nominations of each of these four
appointees to their respective positions.
Information for this report was compiled from data from the Senate nominations
database of the Legislative Information System at [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/],
the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents, and telephone discussions with agency officials. The report will not be
updated.



Contents
In troduction ......................................................1
The Appointments Process......................................1
Selection, Clearance, and Nomination..........................2
Senate Consideration.......................................3
Appointment .............................................4
Recess Appointments...........................................4
Temporary Appointments.......................................5
Appointments During the 108th Congress...........................6
Average Time to Confirm a Nomination............................6
Organization of this Report......................................7
Agency Profiles...........................................7
Additional Appointment Information..........................8
Nominations and Incumbents: Full-Time Positions in Independent Agencies...9
Appalachian Regional Commission................................9
Broadcasting Board of Governors.................................9
Central Intelligence Agency/Intelligence Community.................10
Corporation for National and Community Service...................11
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency to the
District of Columbia ......................................12
Delta Regional Authority.......................................12
Environmental Protection Agency................................13
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service........................14
General Services Administration.................................14
Millennium Challenge Corporation...............................15
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.....................15
National Archives and Records Administration .....................16
National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities....................16
National Science Foundation....................................17
Office of Government Ethics....................................17
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation.......................18
Office of Personnel Management................................18
Office of Special Counsel......................................19
Overseas Private Investment Corporation..........................19
Peace Corps.................................................20
Selective Service System.......................................20
Small Business Administration..................................20
Social Security Administration..................................21
Trade and Development Agency.................................21
U.S. Agency for International Development........................22
Nominations and Incumbents: Full-Time Positions in the Executive Office
of the President..............................................23
Council of Economic Advisers ..................................23
Council on Environmental Quality...............................23
Office of Management and Budget...............................24
Office of National Drug Control Policy............................24
Office of Science and Technology Policy..........................25



Nominations and Incumbents: Full-Time Positions in
Multilateral Organizations......................................26
African Development Bank.....................................26
Asian Development Bank......................................26
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.................26
Inter-American Development Bank...............................27
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)..27
International Joint Commission, U.S. and Canada...................28
International Monetary Fund....................................28
Nominations and Incumbents: Full-Time Positions in
Legislative Branch Agencies....................................29
Architect of the Capitol........................................29
Government Accountability Office...............................29
Government Printing Office.....................................30
Library of Congress...........................................30
Appendix A. Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees,
January 3, 2003 - January 3, 2005................................31th
Appendix B. Appointment Action During the 108 Congress,
by Agency Grouping..........................................33
Appendix C. Agency Abbreviations..................................34
List of Tables
Table 1. Appointment Action for 42 Independent and Other Agencies
During the 108th Congress.......................................6



Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions in Independent and Other
th
Agencies During the 108 Congress
Introduction
This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the
President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS



positions).1 It also identifies, for the 108th Congress, all nominations to full-time
positions requiring Senate confirmation in 38 organizations in the executive branch
(25 independent agencies, six agencies in the Executive Office of the President
(EOP), and seven multilateral banking organizations) and four agencies in the
legislative branch. It excludes appointments to executive departments and to
regulatory and other boards and commissions, which are covered in other reports.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency, formerly an independent agency
covered by earlier versions of this report, became part of the Department of
Homeland Security when that department was established in 2003;2 it is not covered
by this report. Another government organization, the Millennium Challenge
Corporation, came into existence early in the 108th Congress after it was established
by the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003.3
A profile of each agency tracks the agency’s nominations, providing information
on Senate activity (confirmations, rejections, returns to the President, and elapsed
time between nomination and confirmation) as well as further related presidential
activity (including withdrawals and recess appointments). The profiles also identify,
for each agency, positions requiring Senate confirmation, the incumbents in those
positions as of January 3, 2005, dates they were confirmed, dates their terms expire,
if applicable, and pay levels.
The Appointments Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers
of the United States.4 The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the
appointment process — selection and nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
Selection, Clearance, and Nomination. In this stage, the White House
selects and clears a nominee before sending the formal nomination to the Senate.
There are a number of steps in this stage of the process for most Senate-confirmed
positions. First, with the assistance of, and preliminary vetting by, the White House
Office of Presidential Personnel, the President selects a candidate for the position.
Interested parties, including Members of Congress, may have input during this
process.


1The acronym is defined as “Presidential Appointment with Senate Confirmation” in the

2004 “Plum Book” (U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Reform, Unitedthnd


States Government Policy and Supporting Positions, 108 Cong., 2 sess., Committee Print,
Nov. 22, 2004 (Washington: GPO, 2004), p. v).
2Homeland Security Act of 2002, P.L. 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135.
3P.L. 108-199, Div. D, §§ 601-619; 118 Stat. 211.
4A historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in Louis Fisher,
“Appointment Powers,” in his Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the President,th

4 ed. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997), pp. 22-48.



During the clearance process, the candidate prepares and submits several forms:
the “Public Financial Disclosure Report” (Standard Form (SF) 278), the
“Questionnaire for National Security Positions” (SF 86), and the White House
“Personal Data Statement Questionnaire.” The Office of the Counsel to the President
oversees the clearance process, which often includes background investigations
conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Internal Revenue Service
(IRS), Office of Government Ethics (OGE), and an ethics official for the agency to
which the candidate is to be appointed. If conflicts are found during the background
check, OGE and the agency ethics officer may work with the candidate to mitigate
the conflicts. Once the Office of the Counsel to the President has cleared the
candidate, the nomination is ready to be submitted to the Senate.
The selection and clearance stage is often the longest part of the appointment
process. There can be lengthy delays, particularly if many candidates are being
processed, as at the beginning of an Administration, or if conflicts need to be
resolved. Candidates for higher-level positions are often accorded priority in this
process. In an effort to reduce the elapsed time between a new President’s
inauguration and the appointment of his or her national security team, recent
amendments to the Presidential Transitions Act of 19635 encourage Presidents-elect
to submit, for security clearance, potential nominees to high-level national security
positions as soon as possible after the election.6
For positions located within a state (U.S. attorney, U.S. marshal, and U.S.
district judge), the President, by custom, normally nominates an individual
recommended by the Senator or Senators (if they are from the same party as the
President) from that state. If neither Senator is from the President’s party, he usually
defers to the recommendations of party leaders from the state. Occasionally, the
President solicits recommendations from Senators of the opposition party because of
their positions in the Senate. Before making a nomination to a federal position at the
state or national level, the President would likely consider how it will fare in the
confirmation process.
A nominee has no legal authority to assume the duties and responsibilities of the
position; the authority comes with Senate confirmation and presidential appointment.
A nominee who is hired by the agency as a consultant while awaiting confirmation
may serve only in an advisory capacity. If circumstances permit and conditions are
met, the President may give the nominee a recess appointment to the position (see
below). Recess appointments may have political consequences, however, particularly
if Senators perceive that an appointment is an effort to circumvent their constitutional
role. Some Senate-confirmed positions, such as many of those in the executive
departments, may also be temporarily filled under the Vacancies Act.7


53 U.S.C. § 102 note.
6P.L. 108-458, § 7601; 118 Stat. 3856.
7P.L. 105-277, Div. C, Title I, § 151; 112 Stat. 2681-611; 5 U.S.C. §§ 3345-3349d. For
more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report 98-892, The New Vacancies Act: Congress Acts
to Protect the Senate’s Confirmation Prerogative, by Morton Rosenberg.

Senate Consideration. In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone
determines whether or not to confirm a nomination.8 The way the Senate acts on a
nomination depends largely on the importance of the position involved, existing
political circumstances, and policy implications. Generally, the Senate shows
particular interest in the nominees’ views and how they are likely to affect public
policy.9 Two other factors may also affect the scrutiny with which a nominee’s
personal and professional qualities are examined: whether or not the President’s party
controls the Senate and the degree to which the President becomes involved in
supporting the nomination.
The Senate confirmation process is centered at the committee level. Committee
nomination activity generally includes investigation, hearing, and reporting stages.
As part of investigatory work, committees may draw on information provided by the
White House as well as information collected by the committees. Hearings provide
a public forum to discuss a nomination and any issues related to the program or
agency for which the nominee would be responsible. Even if confirmation is thought
to be a virtual certainty, hearings may provide Senators and the nominee with an
opportunity to go on the record with particular views or commitments. Senators may
use hearings to explore a nominee’s qualifications, articulate a policy perspective, or
raise related oversight issues. Some committees hold hearings on nearly all
nominations; others hold hearings for only some.
The committee may discontinue acting on a nomination at any point — upon
referral, after investigation, or after a hearing. If the committee votes to report the
nomination back to the full Senate, it has three options: it may report the nomination
to the Senate favorably, unfavorably, or without recommendation. If the committee
elects not to report a nomination, the Senate may, under certain circumstances,
discharge the committee from further consideration of the nomination in order to10
bring it to the floor.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, some are not confirmed.
Rarely, however, does a rejection occur on the Senate floor. Nearly all rejections
occur in committee, either by committee vote or by committee inaction. Rejections
in committee occur for a variety of reasons, including opposition to the nomination,
an inadequate amount of time for consideration of the nomination, or factors that may
have nothing to do with the merits of the nomination. If a nomination is not acted
upon by the Senate by the end of a Congress, it is returned to the President. Pending
nominations also may be returned automatically to the President at the beginning of


8For further information, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential
Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by Elizabeth Rybicki, and CRS Report
RL31948, Evolution of the Senate’s Role in the Nomination and Confirmation Process, A
Brief History, by Betsy Palmer.
9G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: The Free
Press, 1981), pp. 97-189.
10For more information, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential
Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by Elizabeth Rybicki, p. 7.

a recess of 30 days or longer, but the Senate rule providing for this return is often
waived. 11
Appointment. In the final stage, the confirmed nominee is given a
commission signed by the President, with the seal of the United States affixed
thereto, and is sworn into office. The President may sign the commission at any time
after confirmation. Once the appointee is given the commission and sworn in, he or
she has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The Constitution also enables the President to make an appointment without
Senate confirmation when the Senate is in recess, either during a session (intrasession
recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess appointment). Recess
appointments expire at the end of the following session of Congress.12 Appendix Cth
provides a table showing the dates of the Senate recesses for the 108 Congress and
the number of recess appointments during each recess.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed restrictions on the
President’s authority to make a recess appointment. Under 5 U.S.C. § 5503(a), if the
position to which the President makes a recess appointment falls vacant while the
Senate is in session, the recess appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he
or she is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply (1) if the
vacancy arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for
the office (other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during
the preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination
was rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual was
given the recess appointment. A recess appointment falling under any one of these
three exceptions must be followed by a nomination to the position not later than 40
days after the beginning of the next session of the Senate.13 For this reason, when a
recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for
the nominee even when an old nomination is pending.14 In addition, although recess
appointees whose nominations to a full term are subsequently rejected by the Senate


11The rule may be found in U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration,
Senate Manual, 107th Cong., 1st sess., S. Doc. 107-1 (Washington: GPO, 2002), p. 55, Rule
XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate. For an example of a waiver of the
rule, see Sen. John E. Sununu, “Nomination in Status Quo,” Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 149, July 31, 2003, p. S10844.
12U.S. Constitution, Art. II, § 2, cl. 3.
13Congress placed limits on payments to recess appointees as far back as 1863. The current
provisions date from 1940 (ch. 580, 54 Stat. 751, 5 U.S.C. § 56, revised, and recodified at
5 U.S.C. § 5503, by P.L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 475). For a legal history and overview of recess
appointments, see CRS Report 87-832 A, Recess Appointments: Legal Overview, by Richard
C. Ehlke (archived; contact Henry Hogue for more information).
14For further information on recess appointments, see CRS Report RS21308, Recess
Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions, by Henry B. Hogue; and CRS Report RL30821,
Recess Appointments Made by President Clinton, by Rogelio Garcia.

may continue to serve until the end of their recess appointment, a provision of the
Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act may prevent them from being
paid after their rejection.15
Temporary Appointments
Congress has provided limited statutory authority for the temporary filling of
vacant positions requiring Senate confirmation. Under the Federal Vacancies Reform
Act of 1998,16 when an executive agency position requiring confirmation becomes
vacant, it may be filled temporarily in one of three ways: (1) the first assistant to such
a position may automatically assume the functions and duties of the office; (2) the
President may direct an officer in any agency who is occupying a position requiring
Senate confirmation to perform those tasks; or (3) the President may select any
officer or employee of the subject agency who is occupying a position for which the
rate of pay is equal to or greater than the minimum rate of pay at the GS-15 level and
who has been with the agency for at least 90 of the preceding 365 days. The
temporary appointment is for 210 days, but the time restriction is suspended if a first
or second nomination for the position is pending. In addition, during a presidential
transition, the 210-day restriction period does not begin until either 90 days after the
President assumes office, or 90 days after the vacancy occurs, if it is within the 90-
day inauguration period. The act does not apply to positions on multi-headed
regulatory boards and commissions or to certain other specific positions which may
be filled temporarily under other statutory provisions.17
Appointments During the 108th Congress
During the 108th Congress, President George W. Bush submitted to the Senate
40 nominations to full-time positions in independent and other agencies. Of these
nominations, 31 were confirmed and nine were returned to the President; none were
withdrawn. The President made four recess appointments during this period to
positions in organizations covered in this report (the Environmental Protection
Agency and the U.S. Agency for International Development). Two of these
appointments occurred during the 2004 Memorial Day recess and two during the

2004 August recess. All four of these recess appointments would have expired at theth


end of the first session of the 109 Congress. Before this time, the Senate confirmed
nominations of each of these four appointees to their respective positions. Table 1
summarizes the appointment activity.


15P.L. 108-447, Div. H, § 609; 118 Stat. 3274. The provision reads, “No part of any
appropriation for the current fiscal year contained in this or any other Act shall be paid to
any person for the filling of any position for which he or she has been nominated after the
Senate has voted not to approve the nomination of said person.” This provision has been
part of this annual funding activity since at least 1950.
16P.L. 105-277, Div. C, Title I, § 151; 112 Stat. 2681-611; 5 U.S.C. §§ 3345-3349d.
17For more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report 98-892, The New Vacancies Act:
Congress Acts to Protect the Senate’s Confirmation Prerogative, by Morton Rosenberg.

Table 1. Appointment Action for 42 Independent and Other
Agencies During the 108th Congress
Positions at the 42 independent and other agencies (total)118
Positions to which nominations were made36
Individual nominees36
Nominations submitted to the Senate during the 108th Congress (total)40
Disposition of nominations
Confirmed by the Senate31
Returned at the end of the 2nd session of the 108th Congress9
Withdrawn0
Recess Appointments (total)4
Intrasession4
Intersession0
Average Time to Confirm a Nomination
The length of time a given nomination may be pending in the Senate varies
widely. Some nominations are confirmed within a few days, others may not be
confirmed for several months, and some are never confirmed. This report provides,
for each independent agency nomination confirmed in the 108th Congress, the number
of days between nomination and confirmation (“days to confirm”). These counts
exclude days during August recesses and between sessions of Congress. This cutoff
point is suggested by the Senate rules, which provide that, “if the Senate shall
adjourn or take recess for more than thirty days, all nominations pending and not
finally acted upon” shall be returned to the President, although this rule is often
waived.18 The 31 days during the August 2003 recess, the 41 days between the firstth
and second sessions of the 108 Congress, and the 46 days during the August 2004
recess were subtracted from the “days to confirm” for those nominations that spanned
one or more recesses. Although it also exceeded 30 days, no days were subtracted
for a 35-day recess during October and November 2004 in order to maintain
consistency with similar reports for previous Congresses.
The mean (average) number of days taken by the Senate to confirm a
nomination to a position covered by this report was 114.19 Of the 31 confirmed
nominations, 20 were confirmed in less than this amount of time, and 11 took longer.
The median number of days taken by the Senate was 77. The duration of the
confirmation process varied considerably, with eight taking 60 days or less, and four
taking longer than 250 days. The shortest confirmation, of Porter J. Goss to be
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, took 15 days, while the longest


18U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, 107th
Cong., 1st sess., S.Doc. 107-1 (Washington: GPO, 2002), p. 55, Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
19See Appendix B for a further breakdown.

confirmation, of William A. Chatfield to be Director of the Selective Service System,
took 358 days.
Organization of this Report
Agency Profiles. The agency profiles provide data on presidential
nominations and appointments to full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation,20
and Senate action on the nominations. Data on appointment actions during the

108th Congress appear in two tables for each agency, “Appointment Action Duringth


108 Congress” and “Positions and Incumbents in Department as of January 3,


2005.” As noted, some agencies had no appointment activity during this period of
time.
The appointment action table provides, in chronological order, information
concerning each nomination. It shows the name of the nominee, position involved,
date of nomination or appointment, date of confirmation, and number of days
between receipt of a nomination and confirmation. As discussed earlier (see
“Average Time to Confirm a Nomination,” above), the numbers of days shown in the
tables in this report exclude days during the longer recesses around August and
between sessions of Congress. Actions other than confirmation (i.e., nominations
rejected by the Senate and nominations returned to, or withdrawn by, the President)
are also noted. Some nominees identified in this report were nominated more than
once for the same position because of a recess appointment. When a nominee is
awaiting Senate action and he or she is given a recess appointment, a second, follow-
up, nomination is usually submitted to comply with the requirements of 5 U.S.C. §

5503(b) (see “Recess Appointments,” above).


In tables that show more than one confirmed nomination, the mean number of
days to confirm a nomination is provided. This figure is determined by calculating
the number of days between the nomination and confirmation dates, adding these
numbers for all confirmed nominations, and dividing the result by the number of
nominations confirmed.
The second table of each profile identifies the agency’s full-time positions
requiring Senate confirmation and the incumbents in those positions as of January 3,
2005. An incumbent’s name followed by “(A)” indicates an official who is serving
in an acting capacity. A blank space indicates that either the position is vacant or
current information about the position-holder was not available from the agency. The
table also includes the pay level for each position. For presidentially appointed


20This report was compiled from data from the nominations file of the Senate Executive
Files database of the Legislative Information System (LIS), available at [http://www.
congress.gov/nomis/]; the “Plum Book” (U.S. Congress, House Committee on Governmentthnd
Reform, United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions, 108 Cong., 2 sess.,
Committee Print, Nov. 22, 2004 (Washington: GPO, 2004)); and telephone discussions with
agency officials. Information concerning position incumbents was also drawn from
nomination and confirmation data supplemented by information from the following two
federal agency directories: The Leadership Library on the Internet, Federal Yellow Book,
at [http://www.leadershipdirectories.com/fyb.htm] (New York: Leadership Directories, Inc);th
and CQ Press, 2004/Fall Federal Staff Directory, 46 ed. (Washington: CQ Press, 2004).

positions requiring Senate confirmation, the pay levels generally fall under the
Executive Schedule, which ranges from Level I ($180,100) for cabinet level offices
to Level V ($131,400) for the lowest-ranked positions.21
Additional Appointment Information. Appendix A presents a table of all
nominations to positions in all of the organizations covered by this report,
alphabetically organized and following a similar format to that of the agency
appointment action tables. It identifies the agency involved and the dates of
nomination and confirmation. The table also indicates if a nomination was
confirmed, withdrawn, or returned, or if a recess appointment was made. The mean
number of days taken to confirm a nomination is calculated as described above. The
table also shows the median, which is the middle number when the “days to confirm”
data for all the confirmed nominations are arranged in numerical order.
Appendix B provides a table with summary information on appointments and
nominations by four agency categories: independent executive agencies, agencies in
the EOP, multilateral banking organizations, and agencies in the legislative branch.
For each of these categories, the table provides the number of positions, nominations,
individual nominees, confirmations, nominations returned, and nominations
withdrawn. The table also provides, for each of the four categories, the mean number
of days to confirm a nomination.
Appendix C provides a list of department abbreviations.


21The salary figures are as of Jan. 2005. For information on pay for federal officials, see
CRS Report 98-53, Salaries of Federal Officials: A Fact Sheet, by Barbara L. Schwemle.

NOMINATIONS AND INCUMBENTS:
FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN
INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Appalachian Regional Commission
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
Federal Co-ChairAnne B. PopeIII
Alternate Federal Co-ChairRichard J. PeltzV
Broadcasting Board of Governors
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
Director, International Broadcasting BureauaIV
a Seth Cropsey, the former director, resigned his position on Jan. 1, 2005.



Central Intelligence Agency/
Intelligence Community
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Larry C.Deputy Director-Community05/11/0407/22/0472
Kindsvater Management
Porter J. GossDirector09/07/0409/22/0415
Average number of days to confirm a nomination44
Positions and Incumbents in Agency/Community
as of January 3, 2005a
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
Director Porter J. GossII
b
Deputy DirectorIII
Deputy Director - Community ManagementLarry C. Kindsvater III
Assistant Director - AdministrationIV
Assistant Director - Analysis and ProductionIV
Assistant Director - CollectionIV
General CounselIV
Inspector GeneralJohn L. HelgersonIV
a The 108th Congress enacted the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L.
108-458), which, among other things, changed the leadership structure of the Central Intelligence
Agency and the Intelligence Community. These changes are not reflected here because they did notth
take effect until after the end of the 108 Congress.b
John E. McLaughlin announced his retirement as deputy director effective Dec. 30, 2004.



Corporation for National and Community Service
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirma
David EisnerChief Executive Officer09/15/0312/09/0385
Edward L. FlippenInspector General10/07/04Returned 12/08/04a
Average number of days to confirm a nomination85
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
President and Chief Executive OfficerDavid EisnerIII
Chief Financial OfficerAndrew Kleine (A)IV
Managing DirectorIV
Managing DirectorIV
Inspector GeneralCarol Bates (A)IV
aReturned to the President at the end of the 108th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency
to the District of Columbia
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectoraPaul A. Quander, Jr.IV
a Six-year term; incumbent may be removed from office prior to the expiration of term only for neglect
of duty, malfeasance in office, or other good cause shown. (District of Columbia Code 24-133(b)(1)).
Quander’s term expires on Aug. 4, 2008.
Delta Regional Authority
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
Federal Co-ChairPatrick H. JohnsonIII



Environmental Protection Agency
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmedDays to confirm
Michael O. LeavittAdministrator09/03/0310/28/0355
Charles JohnsonChief Financial Officer01/21/0411/21/04259
Stephen L. JohnsonDeputy Administrator01/21/0411/21/04259
Ann R. KleeGeneral Counsel03/01/0411/21/04219
Benjamin GrumblesAsst. Admin. - Water03/01/0411/21/04219
Charles JohnsonChief Financial OfficerRecess Appointment 05/28/04a
Ann R. KleeGeneral CounselRecess Appointment 05/28/04a
Ann R. KleeGeneral Counsel06/24/04Returned 12/08/04b
Charles JohnsonChief Financial Officer06/24/04Returned 12/08/04b
Stephen L. JohnsonDeputy AdministratorRecess Appointment 08/02/04a
Thomas V. SkinnerAsst. Admin. - Enforcement09/08/04Returned 12/08/04c
and Compliance Assurance
Stephen L. JohnsonDeputy Administrator09/10/04Returned 12/08/04b
Average number of days to confirm a nomination202
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
AdministratorMichael O. LeavittdII
Deputy AdministratorStephen L. JohnsonIII
Assistant Administrator - Administration and ResourcesDavid J. OConnor (A)IV
M a na ge me nt
Assistant Administrator - Air and RadiationJeffrey R. HolmsteadIV
Assistant Administrator - Enforcement and Compliance AssuranceThomas V. Skinner (A)IV
Assistant Administrator - Environmental InformationKimberly T. NelsonIV
Assistant Administrator - International AffairsJudith E. AyresIV
Assistant Administrator - Prevention, Pesticides and ToxicSusan B. Hazen (A)IV
Substances
Assistant Administrator - Research and Development J. Paul GilmanIV
Assistant Administrator - Solid Waste and Emergency ResponseThomas Dunne (A)IV
Assistant Administrator - WaterBenjamin GrumblesIV
Chief Financial OfficereCharles JohnsonIV
General CounselAnn R. KleeIV
Inspector GeneralNikki L. TinsleyIV
a These three recess appointments would have expired at the end of the first session of the 109th Congress, by which time
their nominations would have been confirmed by the Senate, as shown.b
When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an
old nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. § 5503. In this case, the first nomination was acted upon, andth
the second, duplicate” nomination was returned to the President at the end of the 108 Congress under the provision
of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.cth
Returned to the President at the end of the 108 Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.d
Leavitt was nominated by the President to the position of Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services on Jan.
4, 2005 and confirmed by the Senate on Jan. 26, 2005. Upon Leavitt’s resignation from EPA, Deputy Administrator
Johnson became the Acting Administrator.e
The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, or designated
by the President from among agency officials confirmed by the Senate for another position (31 U.S.C. § 901(a)(1)).



Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorScot L. Beckenbaugh (A) aIII
a Peter J. Hurtgen, the former director, announced his retirement effective Dec. 31, 2004.
General Services Administration
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Bryan David MillerInspector General10/07/04Returneda
12/08/04
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
AdministratorStephen A. PerryIII
Inspector GeneralDaniel R. LevinsonIV
a Returned to the President at the end of the 108th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Millennium Challenge Corporationa
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Paul V. ApplegarthChief Executive Officer02/23/0405/05/0472
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorPaul V. ApplegarthII
a P.L.108-199, Division D, Title VI, § 604, established the Millennium Challenge Corporation.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Gwendolyn BrownChief Financial Officer07/17/0311/04/0379
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
AdministratorSean O’KeefeaII
Deputy AdministratorFrederick D. GregoryIII
Chief Financial Officerb Gwendolyn BrownIV
Inspector GeneralRobert W. CobbIV
a OKeefe sent his resignation to the President on Dec. 13, 2004, and stated that he would remain in
his position until a successor was nominated and confirmed. Upon O’Keefe’s departure on Feb. 18,
2005, Deputy Administrator Gregory became the Acting Administrator.b
The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the
Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed
by the Senate for another position (31 U.S.C. § 901(a)(1)).



National Archives and Records Administration
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t e Co nfirme d confirm
d
Allen WeinsteinArchivist04/08/04Returneda
12/08/04
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
ArchivistbJohn W. CarlincIII
a Returned to the President at the end of the 108th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.b
The President may remove the archivist at any time, but must communicate the reasons for such
removal to Congress (44 U.S.C. § 2103).c
Carlin submitted his resignation on Dec. 19, 2003 and left the position on Feb. 16, 2005. On Jan.th
24, 2005, Weinstein was nominated again in the 109 Congress to be Archivist. He was confirmed
by the Senate on Feb. 10, 2005, and was sworn in as the ninth Archivist on Feb. 16, 2005.
National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Dana GioiaChair - National Endowment for01/09/0301/29/0320
the Arts
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
Chair - National Endowment for the ArtsaDana GioiaIII
Chair - National Endowment for the HumanitiesbBruce ColeIII
Director - Institute of Museum and Library ServicescRobert S. MartinIII
a Term of office is four years; when term expires, incumbent may remain in office until a successor
is appointed (20 U.S.C. § 954(b)). Gioia’s term expires Feb. 10, 2007.b
Term of office is four years; when term expires, incumbent may remain in office until a successor
is appointed (20 U.S.C. § 956(b)). Coles term expires Dec. 10, 2005.c
Term of office is four years (20 U.S.C. § 9103(2)). Martins term expires July 13, 2005.



National Science Foundation
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Arden L.Director10/15/0411/21/0437
Bement
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectoraArden L. BementII
Deputy DirectorJoseph BordognaIII
a Term of office is six years, but the President may remove the incumbent at any time. The incumbent
must leave office when term expires (42 U.S.C. § 1864(a)).

Office of Government Ethics
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t e Co nfirme d confirm
d
Edwin D.Director05/20/04Returneda
W illiamso n 12/08/04
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorbMarilyn L. Glynn (A)III
a Returned to the President at the end of the 108th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.b
Term of office is five years; the incumbent must leave office when the term expires (5 U.S.C. App.,
§ 401).



Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
a
C o mmi s s i o n e r IV
a There has not been a confirmed Commissioner for the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
since the resignation of Carl J. Kunasek on Apr. 12, 1994.
Office of Personnel Management
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectoraKay Coles JamesbII
Deputy DirectorDan G. BlairIII
Inspector GeneralPatrick E. McFarlandIV
a Term of office is four years, but the President may remove the incumbent at any time. The incumbent
must leave office when term expires (5 U.S.C. § 1102(a)). b
James announced her resignation Jan. 31, 2005. Deputy Director Blair became Acting Director on
Feb. 1, 2005.



Office of Special Counsel
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Scott J. BlochSpecial Counsel06/26/0312/09/03135
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005

PositionIncumbentPay Level
Special CounselaScott J. BlochV
a Term of office is five years; incumbent may continue to serve for one year after his or her term
expires. The President may remove incumbent from office only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or
malfeasance in office (5 U.S.C. § 1211(b)).
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
PresidentPeter S. WatsonIII
Executive Vice PresidentRoss J. ConnellyIV



Peace Corps
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
DirectorGaddi H. VasquezII
Deputy DirectorJosephine K. OlsenIV
Selective Service System
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t e Co nfirme d confirm
d
William A.Director09/03/0311/21/04358
Chatfield
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorWilliam A. ChatfieldIV
Small Business Administration
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t e Co nfirme d confirm
d
Harold DamelinInspector General01/09/0303/31/0381
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
AdministratorHector V. BarretoIII
Deputy AdministratorMelanie SabelhausIV
Chief Counsel for AdvocacyThomas M. SullivanIV
Inspector GeneralHarold DamelinIV



Social Security Administration
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t e Co nfirme d confirm
d
Patrick P.Inspector General04/08/0411/21/04181
O’Carroll
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
CommissioneraJo Anne B. BarnhartI
Deputy CommissionerbJames B. Lockhart IIIII
Inspector GeneralPatrick P. O’CarrollIV
a Term of office is six years. When a term expires, the incumbent may continue in office until a
successor is appointed. The President may remove an incumbent only for neglect of duty or
malfeasance in office (42 U.S.C. § 902(a)). Barnharts term expires Jan. 19, 2007.b
Term of office is six years. (42 U.S.C. § 902(b)). There is no provision regarding removal or
continuing in office after a term expires.
Trade and Development Agency
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorThelma J. AskeyIII



U.S. Agency for International Developmenta
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Douglas MenarchikAsst. Admin.- Policy and09/08/0411/21/0474
Program Coordination
James R. KunderAsst. Admin. - Asia/Near East05/11/0411/21/04148
James R. KunderAsst. Admin. - Asia/Near EastRecess Appointment 08/02/04b
James R. KunderAsst. Admin. - Asia/Near East09/10/04Returned 12/08/04c
Lloyd O. PiersonAsst. Admin. - Sub-Saharan07/21/0411/21/0477
Afr i c a
Average number of days to confirm a nomination100
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
AdministratorAndrew S. NatsiosII
Deputy AdministratorFrederick W. SchieckIII
Assistant Administrator - Sub-Saharan AfricaLloyd O. PiersonIV
Assistant Administrator - Asia and Near EastJames R. KunderIV
Assistant Administrator - Latin American and CaribbeanAdolpho A. FrancoIV
Assistant Administrator - Europe and EurasiaKent R. HillIV
Assistant Administrator - Global HealthE. Anne PetersondIV
Assistant Administrator - Economic Growth/Agriculture/TradeEmmy B. SimmonsIV
Assistant Administrator - Democracy/Conflict/HumanitarianRoger P. WinterIV
Assista nc e
Assistant Administrator - ManagementSteven G. WisecarverIV
(A)
Assistant Administrator - Legislative and Public AffairsJ. Edward FoxIV
Assistant Administrator - Policy and Program CoordinationDouglas MenarchikIV
Inspector GeneralJames R. Ebbitt (A)IV
a The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent establishment as
defined by 5 U.S.C. § 104, with certain limitations (22 U.S.C. § 6563 (a)). The USAID director “shall
report to and be under the direct authority and foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State” (22 U.S.C.
§ 6592).b th
This recess appointment would have expired at the end of the first session of the 109 Congress, by which
time the nomination would have been confirmed by the Senate, as shown.c
When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee,
even when an old nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. § 5503. In this case, the first
nomination was acted upon, and the second, “duplicate” nomination was returned to the President at the endth
of the 108 Congress under the provision of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the
Senate.d
Kent R. Hill was appointed Acting Assistant Administrator - Global Health on Jan. 21, 2005.



NOMINATIONS AND INCUMBENTS:
FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN THE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Council of Economic Advisers
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Nicholas GregoryMember04/28/0305/22/0324
M a nki w
Kristin J. ForbesMember07/15/0310/17/0363
Harvey S. RosenMember07/15/0310/17/03 63
Average number of days to confirm a nomination50
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
ChairaN. Gregory MankiwII
MemberKristin J. ForbesIV
MemberHarvey S. RosenIV
a The chair and vice-chair are designated by the President (15 U.S.C. § 1023(a)). No vice-chair
had been designated as of Jan. 3, 2005.
Council on Environmental Qualitya
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
ChairJames L. ConnaughtonII
a The Council consists of one member who serves as chairman.



Office of Management and Budget
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Linda M. SpringerController - Federal01/09/0303/31/0381
Financial Management
Clay Johnson IIIDeputy Director for01/28/0306/11/03134
M a na ge me nt
Joshua B. BoltenDirector06/03/0306/26/0323
Joel David KaplanDeputy Director07/11/0307/31/0320
David SafavianAdmin. for Federal01/22/0411/21/04258
Procurement Policy
Average number of days to confirm a nomination103
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorJoshua B. BoltenI
Deputy DirectorJoel David KaplanII
Deputy Director - ManagementClay Johnson IIIII
Controller - Office of Federal FinancialLinda M. SpringerIII
M a na ge me nt
Administrator - Office of FederalDavid SafavianIV
Procurement Policy
Administrator - Office of Information andJohn D. GrahamIV
Regulatory Affairs
Office of National Drug Control Policy
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
DirectorJohn P. WaltersI
Deputy DirectorMary Ann SolbergIII
Deputy Director - Demand ReductionIII
Deputy Director - Supply ReductionIII
Deputy Director - State and LocalScott M. BurnsIII



Office of Science and Technology Policy
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
DirectorJohn H. Marburger IIIII
Associate Director - ScienceKathie L. OlsenIII
Associate Director - TechnologyRichard M. RussellIII
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme confirm
d
Josette SheeranDep. U.S. Trade06/02/0308/01/0360
Shiner Rep r esentative
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
U.S. Trade RepresentativeRobert B. Zoellicka I
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativePeter F. AllgeierIII
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativeLinnet F. DeilyIII
Deputy U.S. Trade RepresentativeJosette Sheeran ShinerIII
Chief Agricultural NegotiatorAllen F. JohnsonIII
a Zoellick was nominated by the President on Feb. 10, 2005 to be Deputy Secretary of State. He
was confirmed by the Senate on Feb. 16, 2005 and sworn in on Feb. 22, 2005. Upon Zoellicks
resignation, Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Allgeier became the Acting U.S. Trade
Representative.



NOMINATIONS AND INCUMBENTS:
FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN
MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS
African Development Bank
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
a
U.S. DirectorCynthia S. Perry
aThe Director ... representing the United States, if [a citizen] of the United States, may, in the
discretion of the President, receive such compensation, allowances, and other benefits as, together
with those received from the Bank and from the African Development Fund, may not exceed those
authorized for a chief of mission under the Foreign Service Act of 1980 ...” (22 U.S.C. § 290i-2).
Asian Development Bank
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
a
U.S. Executive DirectorPaul W. Speltz
aThe Director may, in the discretion of the President, receive such compensation, allowances, and
other benefits as, together with those received from the Bank and from the African Development
Fund, may not exceed those authorized for a chief of mission under the Foreign Service Act of
1980 ...” (22 U.S.C. § 285a (b)).
European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
U.S. DirectorMark Sullivana
a The statutory basis for this position, 22 U.S.C. § 290l-1, makes no provision regarding the
compensation of the position holder.



Inter-American Development Bank
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Hector E. MoralesU.S. Alternate Executive09/03/0312/09/0364
Director
Hector E. MoralesU.S. Executive Director07/22/0411/21/0476
Average number of days to confirm a nomination70
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
b
U.S. Executive DirectoraHector E. Morales
U. S. Alternate Executive Director
a Term of office is three years; incumbent remains in office when a term expires until a successor is
appointed (22 U.S.C. § 283a(b)).b
No person shall be entitled to receive any salary or other compensation from the United States
for services as ... executive director.” (22 U.S.C. § 283a(c)).
International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
c
U.S. Executive DirectoraCarole Brookins
U.S. Alternate Executive DirectorbRobert B. Holland IIIc
a Term of office is two years; the incumbent may remain in office when a term expires until a
successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. § 286a(a)). Brookins resigned Jan. 14, 2005. b
Term of office is two years; the incumbent may remain in office when a term expires until a
successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. § 286a(b)).c
No person shall be entitled to receive any salary or other compensation from the United States
for services as ... executive director , ... alternate ...” (22 U.S.C. § 286a(d)(1)).



International Joint Commission, U.S. and Canada
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme confirm
d
Dennis L.Commissioner, U.S. Section01/09/0310/03/03236
Scho rnack
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
Chair, U.S. SectionDennis L. SchornackIV
Commissioner, U.S. SectionIrene B. BrooksV
Commissioner, U.S. SectionAllen I. OlsonV
International Monetary Fund
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
P o sit i o n Inc u mb e n t P a y
Le v e l
U.S. Executive DirectoraNancy Jacklinb
U.S. Alternate Executive DirectoraMargrethe Lundsagerb
a Term of office is two years; the incumbent may remain in office when a term expires until a
successor is appointed (22 U.S.C. § 286a(a)). b
No person shall be entitled to receive any salary or other compensation from the United States
for services as ... executive director, ... alternate ...” (22 U.S.C. § 286a(d)(1)).



NOMINATIONS AND INCUMBENTS:
FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH AGENCIES
Architect of the Capitol
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
Architect of the CapitolaAlan M. Hantmanb
a The architect is appointed to a 10-year term. Hantmans term expires Jan. 30, 2007.
b As provided in 2 U.S.C. § 1802, the “compensation of the Architect of the Capitol shall be at an
annual rate which is equal to the lesser of the annual salary for the Sergeant at Arms of the House
of Representatives or the annual salary for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate.
Government Accountability Office
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
Comptroller GeneralaDavid M. Walkerb
Deputy Comptroller Generalcdb
a The Comptroller General is appointed to a 15-year term, with no hold-over provision when the
term expires. He may be removed before the term expires only by a joint resolution of Congress,
for permanent disability, inefficiency, neglect of duty, malfeasance, or a felony or conduct
involving moral turpitude (31 U.S.C. § 703(e)(1)). Walker’s term expires Oct. 20, 2013.b
Under 31 U.S.C. § 703(f), the “annual rate of basic pay of the - (1) Comptroller General is equal
to the rate for level II of the Executive Schedule; and (2) Deputy Comptroller General is equal to
the rate for level III of the Executive Schedule.”c
The term of the deputy comptroller general expires upon the appointment of a new Comptroller
General, or when a successor is appointed. d
No one has been nominated to this office for at least 25 years.



Government Printing Office
Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
a
Public PrinterBruce R. James
a Under 44 U.S.C. § 303, the “annual rate of pay for the Public Printer shall be a rate which is
equal to the rate for level II of the Executive Schedule under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5.
Library of Congress
No Appointment Action in the 108th Congress
Positions and Incumbents in Agency as of January 3, 2005
PositionIncumbentPay Level
a
Librarian of CongressJames H. Billington
a Under 2 U.S.C. § 136a-2(1), “the Librarian of Congress shall be compensated at an annual rate of
pay which is equal to the annual rate of basic pay payable for positions at level II of the Executive
Schedule under section 5313 of title 5.”



Appendix A. Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and
Appointees, January 3, 2003 - January 3, 2005
NominationConfirm-Days to
NomineePositionAgencyaDateation Dateconfirm
Paul V. ApplegarthChief Executive OfficerMCC02/23/0405/05/0472
Arden L. BementDirectorNSF10/15/0411/21/0437
Scott J. BlochSpecial Counsel OSC06/26/0312/09/03135
Joshua B. BoltenDirectorOMB06/03/0306/26/0323
Gwendolyn BrownChief Financial OfficerNASA07/17/0311/04/0379
William A. ChatfieldDirectorSSS09/03/0311/21/04358
Harold DamelinInspector GeneralSBA01/09/0303/31/0381
David EisnerChief Executive OfficerCNCS09/15/0312/09/0385
Edward L. FlippenInspector GeneralCNCS10/07/04Returned 12/08/04
Kristin J. ForbesMemberCEA07/15/0310/17/0363
Dana GioiaChair, National Endowment for the ArtsNFAH01/09/0301/29/0320
Porter J. GossDirectorCIA09/07/0409/22/0415
Benjamin GrumblesAsst. Admin. - WaterEPA03/01/0411/21/04219
Charles JohnsonChief Financial OfficerEPA01/21/0411/21/04259
Charles JohnsonChief Financial OfficerEPARecess Appointment 05/28/04
Charles JohnsonChief Financial OfficerEPA06/24/04Returned 12/08/04
Clay Johnson IIIDeputy Director for ManagementOMB01/28/0306/11/03134
Stephen L. JohnsonDeputy AdministratorEPA01/21/0411/21/04259
Stephen L. JohnsonDeputy AdministratorEPARecess Appointment 08/02/04
Stephen L. JohnsonDeputy AdministratorEPA09/10/04Returned 12/08/04
Joel D. KaplanDeputy DirectorOMB07/11/0307/31/0320
Larry C. KindsvaterDeputy Director-CommunityCIA05/11/0407/22/0472
M a na ge me nt
Ann R. KleeGeneral CounselEPA03/01/0411/21/04219
Ann R. KleeGeneral CounselEPARecess Appointment 05/28/04
Ann R. KleeGeneral CounselEPA06/24/04Returned 12/08/04
James R. KunderAsst. Admin. - Asia/Near EastUSAID05/11/0411/21/04148
James R. KunderAsst. Admin. - Asia/Near EastUSAIDRecess Appointment 08/02/04
James R. KunderAsst. Admin. - Asia/Near EastUSAID09/10/04Returned 12/08/04
Michael O. Leavitt AdministratorEPA09/03/0310/28/0355
N. Gregory MankiwMemberCEA04/28/0305/22/0324
Douglas MenarchikAsst. Admin. - Policy and ProgramUSAID09/08/0411/21/0474
Coordinatio n
Bryan David MillerInspector GeneralGSA10/07/04Returned 12/08/04
Hector E. MoralesU.S. Alternate Executive DirectorIADB09/03/0312/09/0364
Hector E. MoralesU.S. Executive DirectorIADB07/22/0411/21/0476
Patrick P. OCarrollInspector GeneralSSA04/08/0411/21/04181
Lloyd O. PiersonAsst. Admin. - Sub-Saharan AfricaUSAID07/21/0411/21/0477
Harvey S. RosenMemberCEA07/15/0310/17/0363
David SafavianAdmin. for Federal Procurement PolicyOMB01/22/0411/21/04258
Dennis L. SchornackCommissioner, U.S. SectionIJC01/09/0310/03/03236



NominationConfirm-Days to
NomineePositionAgencyaDateation Dateconfirm
Josette Sheeran ShinerDep. U.S. Trade RepresentativeOUSTR06/02/0308/01/0360
Thomas V. SkinnerAsst. Admin. - Enforcement andEPA09/08/04Returned 12/08/04
Compliance Assurance
Linda M. SpringerController - Federal FinancialOMB01/09/0303/31/0381
M a na ge me nt
Allen WeinsteinArchivistNARA04/08/04Returned 12/08/04
Edwin D. WilliamsonDirectorOGE05/20/04Returned 12/08/04
Mean number of days to confirm nomination114
Median number of days to confirm nomination77
a Agency abbreviations are found in Appendix C.



Appendix B. Appointment Action During the 108th Congress,
by Agency Grouping
Mean
AgencyIndividualaConfirNominationNominationdays to
groupingPositionNominationnominees m-ationss returned sconfirm
s s Wit hdra w n
Independ ent 78 28 24 19 9 0 129
agencies
Executive 23 9 9 9 0 0 81
O ffi c e
of the President
Multilater a l 12 3 3 3 0 0 125
units
Le gislative 50 00 0 0n.a .
agencies
To tal 118 40 36 31 9 0
a This column counts Hector E. Morales twice, since he was nominated to two different positions over the course of
the 108th Congress.



Appendix C. Agency Abbreviations
Independent Agencies
ARC Appalachian Regional Commission
BBG Broadcasting Board of Governors
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CNCS Corporation for National and Community Service
CSOSA Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia
DRA Delta Regional Authority
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FMCS Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
GSA General Services Administration
MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation
NARA National Archives and Records Administration
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NFAH National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities
NSF Science Foundation
OGE Office of Government Ethics
ONHIR Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation
OPM Office of Personnel Management
OSC Office of Special Counsel
PC Peace Corps
SBA Small Business Administration
SSA Social Security Administration
SSS Selective Service System
TDA Trade Development Agency
USAID United States Agency for International Development
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
CEA Council of Economic Advisers
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality
OMB Office of Management and Budget
ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy
OUSTR Office of U.S. Trade Representative
Multilateral Banking Organizations
AfDB African Development Bank
AsDB Asian Development Bank
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IADB Inter-American Development Bank
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IJC International Joint Commission, U.S. and Canada
IMF International Monetary Fund
Legislative Branch Agencies
AC Architect of the Capitol
GAO Government Accountability Office
GPO Government Printing Office
LC Library of Congress