Gang Prevention and Suppression Legislation in the 109th Congress: Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 155, H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472

CRS Report for Congress
Gang Prevention and Suppression Legislation in
th
the 109 Congress: Side-by-Side Comparison of
S. 155, H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472
Updated March 30, 2006
Celinda Franco
Specialist in Social Legislation
Domestic Social Policy Division

Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Gang Prevention and Suppression Legislation in the

109^th Congress: Side-By-Side Comparison of S. 155,

H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472
Summary
Youth gangs and the violence associated with them continue to be a pervasive
problem in cities across the country. For the most part, gang-related activities have
been a state and local law enforcement issue. Until recently, the federal role in
stemming illegal gang activities was limited to grant programs to state and local law
enforcement, and community-based agencies for prevention and local law
enforcement efforts. These types of programs focus on efforts to prevent at-risk
youths from joining gangs or from staying in gangs, and community law enforcement
efforts to involve communities in dealing with gangs. As gangs expanded the types
of illegal activities they engaged in, policy makers responded. Although legislation
had been passed throughout the years that criminalized certain gang-related acts,
Congress began to specifically address gang-related violence in 1986. More recently,
concerns about the growing violence of gangs, as well as the potential threat they
may pose to domestic security, has intensified congressional interest.
In the 109^th Congress, legislation has been introduced to prevent and deter gang
members involved in violent criminal behavior. Some of the bills focus narrowly on
the gang problem, such as H.R. 283, which would authorize grants to prevent
bullying and gang activities. Other bills address aspects of the ‘transnational’ gang
threat of foreign gang members through improved border security (H.R. 1168, H.R.

1225) and immigration law changes (H.R. 2672 and S. 853, H.R.2933, S. 1168).

This report will focus on some of the more comprehensive anti-gang bills under
consideration. S. 155, includes numerous revisions to current law regarding gangs,
including increased criminal penalties for gang members convicted of serious violent
crimes. H.R. 1279, passed by the House of Representatives on May 11, 2005, would
amend the federal criminal code to increase penalties for individuals participating in
a criminal street gang who have committed certain violent crimes, among other
things. H.R. 4472, passed by the House on March 8, 2006, while similar to H.R.
1279, differs by having fewer mandatory minimum prison sentences for gang crimes
and providing a new anti-gang program designed to provide services to assist
offenders reentering the community. They also would amend current law by
increasing penalties for gangs and gang members who use interstate and foreign
commerce-related aid to racketeering enterprises using interstate commerce to
commit other illegal acts.
Arguably, the most controversial provisions in all three of these bills are
amendments to current law that would permit the Attorney General to prosecute
juveniles (age 16 or over) as adults if they were alleged to have committed,
conspired, solicited, or attempted to commit certain serious violent gang offenses.
All three bills have many common elements and similar provisions. This report
provides a side-by-side comparison of S. 155, H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472; it will be
updated in response to significant legislative activity.

Contents
Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 155, H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472 in the 109^th
Congress ....................................................4
Findings .....................................................4
Solicitation or Recruitment of Persons in Criminal Street Gangs ........6
Criminal Street Gang Definitions ................................7
Circumstances of Gang Crime ...................................7
Offenses ....................................................8
Penalties ...................................................11
Forfeiture ...................................................12
Money Laundering ...........................................13
Definition of State ............................................13
Carjacking ..................................................14
Violent Crimes in Furtherance or in Aid of Criminal Street Gangs .....14
Interstate and Foreign Travel or Transportation in Aid of Racketeering
Enterprises and Criminal Street Gangs ........................16
Assault .....................................................17
Aggravated Sexual Abuse ......................................17
Manslaughter ................................................18
Offenses Committed Within Indian Country........................18
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations....................18
Carjacking ..................................................19
Conspiracy ..................................................20
Illegal Gun Transfers..........................................20
Special Sentencing............................................21
Conforming Amendment on Orders of Restitution...................21
Special Provisions for Indian Country.............................22
Penalties For Use of Interstate Commerce Facilities in the Commission
of Murder-For-Hire and Other Felony Crimes of Violence.........22
Penalties For Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering Activity..........23
Murder and Other Violent Crimes Committed During and in Relation
to a Drug Trafficking Crime................................25
Designation of and Assistance for “High Intensity” Interstate Gang
Activity Areas...........................................28
Publicity Campaign About New Criminal Penalties..................32
Enhancement of Project Safe Neighborhoods Initiative to Improve
Enforcement of Criminal Laws Against Violent Gangs...........32
Additional Resources For the FBI to Investigate and Prosecute Violent
Criminal Street Gangs.....................................33
Grants to Prosecutors and Law Enforcement to Combat Violent Crime
and to Protect Witnesses and Victims of Crimes..................0
Reauthorization of the Gang Resistance Education and Training
Projects Program .........................................34
Multiple Interstate Murder .....................................35
Rebuttable Presumption Against Release of Persons Charged with
Firearms Offenses .......................................36
Venue in Capital Cases ........................................37
Statute of Limitations for Violent Crime ..........................37

Electronic Communications ................................38
Clarification to Hearsay Exception for Forfeiture by Wrongdoing ......38
Clarification of Venue for Retaliation Against a Witness .............39
Amendment of Sentencing Guidelines Relating to Certain Gang and
Violent Crimes ..........................................40
Penalties for Criminal Use of Firearms in Crimes of Violence and Drug
Trafficking .............................................42
Possession of Firearms by Dangerous Felons .......................43
Conforming Amendment ......................................45
Treatment of Federal Juvenile Offenders ..........................46
...........................................................47
Notification After Arrest .......................................51
Release and Detention Prior to Disposition ........................51
Speedy Trial Section .........................................52
Federal Sentencing Guidelines ..................................52
Listing of Immigration Violators in the National Crime Information
Center Database .........................................53
Crimes of Violence and Drug Crimes Committed by Illegal Aliens .....54
Study ......................................................54
State and Local Reentry Courts ..................................55

Gang Prevention and Suppression Legislation in the

109^th Congress: Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 155,

H.R. 970, and H.R. 1279
Youth gangs and the violent crime associated with them continue to be a
pervasive problem in cities across the country. For the most part, gang-related
activities have been a state and local law enforcement issue. Until recently, the
federal role in stemming illegal gang activities was limited to grant programs to state
and local law enforcement, and community-based agencies for prevention and local
law enforcement efforts. These types of programs focus on efforts to prevent at-risk
youths from joining gangs or from staying in gangs, and community law enforcement
efforts to involve communities in dealing with their gang problem. As gangs
expanded the types of illegal activities they engaged in, policy makers responded.
Although legislation had been passed throughout the years that criminalized certain
gang-related acts, Congress began to specifically address gang-related violence in
1986. More recently, concerns about the growing violence of gangs, as well as the
potential threat they may pose to domestic security, has intensified congressional
interest.
In the 109^th Congress, several bills have been introduced to address the problem
of gangs and gang violence. Over the years, three basic strategies for addressing
youth gangs have been most often employed at the federal level: suppression, through
longer prison sentences and criminal penalties; intervention, through programs
designed to help individuals leave gangs and get a new start through job training,
education, and skills development; and prevention, typically through school-based
or community-based programs designed to reach out to at-risk children before they
can get involved with gangs.
A number of bills targeting the youth gang problem have been introduced in the^th
109 Congress. Most of the bills primarily address the gang problem through
methods of suppressing gang crime with longer prison sentences for gang-related
crime. H.R. 283 would amend the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities
Act of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to authorize grants
to prevent bullying and for gang prevention activities. Several other bills address
specific aspects of the ‘transnational’ gang threat by providing improvements in
criminal background checks to prevent entry of foreign gang members and terrorists
(H.R. 1168 and H.R. 1225);¹ by improving border security (H.R. 2672 and S. 853);

¹ For more information, see CRS Report RL33011, Terrorist Screening and Brady
Background Checks for Firearms, by William J. Krouse.

by making criminal gang members inadmissible and deportable aliens ( H.R. 2933,
and S. 1168);² and these gang issues are beyond the scope of this report.
This report will compare S. 155,³ H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472, three of the most
comprehensive gang-related bills introduced during the first session of the 109^th
Congress. H.R. 1279 was reported out of the House Judiciary Committee, with
amendments (H.Rept. 109-74), and passed by the House of Representatives on May
11, 2005. H.R. 4472, including a separate title on gang reduction and prevention
provisions, was passed by the House of Representatives on March 8, 2006.
In brief, here are some of the major provisions of the three bills:
^!All three bills would increase the penalties for violent gang crimes:
S. 155 would increase the statutory maximum prison sentences that
would apply to certain violent gang crimes, while H.R. 1279 would
make all such crimes subject to fines in addition to new mandatory
minimum sentences with increased imprisonment penalties. H.R.

4472 would also increase the penalties for violent gang crimes,

including both statutory maximum imprisonment penalties and
mandatory minimum imprisonment penalties, depending on the
severity of the crime.
^!All three bills would increase the penalties for carjacking, expand
certain racketeering crimes and associated penalties to apply to
criminal street gang crimes, and increase penalties for violent crimes
committed during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime or
crimes committed using firearms.
^!S. 155 and H.R. 1279 would authorize the creation of a new High
Intensity Gang Activity Area designation, through which multi-
agency task forces would join together with state and local law
enforcement to bolster their efforts to combat gang crimes.
^!All three bills would provide for the transfer of certain juvenile
offenders age 16 and 17 for federal prosecution as adults.
^!S. 155 and H.R. 4472 would authorize appropriations for the Gang
Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program
administered by the Department of Justice, Office of Justice
Programs, and S. 155 would authorize appropriations for the Safe
Streets Program administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
In addition, H.R. 4472 would provide grants to state and local courts
and related agencies and organizations to develop “reentry courts”
designed to assist offenders returning to communities after

² For more information, see CRS Report RL32480, Immigration Consequences of Criminal
Activity, by Michael John Garcia and Larry M. Eig.
³ H.R. 970, introduced on Feb. 17, 2005, by Representative Schiff, is very similar to S. 155,
differing in a very few provisions on technical points of otherwise identical provisions.

imprisonment. H.R. 1279 would provide grants for prosecutors to
help them more effectively prosecute gang crime.
^!H.R. 1279 and H.R. 4472 would provide additional criminal
penalties for crimes of violence and drug crimes committed by
illegal aliens, require immigration violators to be listed in the
National Crime Information Center (NCIC), and require the
Attorney General and the Secretary of the Department of Homeland
Security to conduct a study of the connection between illegal
immigration and gang membership and gang activities.

CRS-4
Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 155, H.R. 1279, and H.R. 4472 in the 109^th Congress
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CRS-5
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CRS-6
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CRS-7
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^s^.or^{predicated g}^aⁿ^g^crim^es^is^{a crim}^{e of}
^le^ak^vⁱ^ol^en^{ce. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]
^://wiki^m^st^an^ces^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{521 prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^at^a^A^m^en^ds^{§521 t}^o^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^at^w^h^oev^e^r^Defⁱⁿ^e^s^crⁱ^mⁱ^nal^s^t^r^eet^{gang cr}ⁱ^m^e^as^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^801]

^h^ttp^{ng Cr}^ime^pers^on^w^h^{o com}^m^its^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^reet⁽¹⁾^co^m^m^{its, co}ⁿ^s^pⁱ^r^e^{s o}^r^attem^p^{ts to}^w^h^oev^e^{r com}^mⁱ^t^s^{or con}^s^pi^res^,
^ga^{ng o}^ffe^nse^sⁱ^s^oⁿ^e^w^h^o^:⁽¹⁾^com^m^{it, a}^pr^edi^c^at^{e gang cr}ⁱ^m^eⁱⁿ^th^rea^t^en^s^o^r^attem^p^{ts to}^co^m^m^{it, a}
^participatesⁱⁿ^{a crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^reet^f^u^r^t^h^e^r^aⁿ^{ce o}^rⁱⁿ^aid^o^f^th^{e activ}^{ities o}^f^g^aⁿ^g^crim^{e f}^o^{r th}^{e pu}^rpos^{e of}
^ga^{ng w}ⁱ^t^h^kno^w^l^e^d^ge^t^h^a^tⁱ^t^s^{a crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^,^f^o^{r g}^aⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^f^u^r^t^h^e^rⁱⁿ^g^th^{e activ}^{ities o}^f^{a cr}^imⁱⁿ^al
^m^e^m^b^e^r^{s e}^nga^geⁱⁿ^o^r^ha^ve^en^tr^an^{ce to}^o^r^m^aⁱⁿ^tainⁱⁿ^g^o^r^st^r^e^e^t^ga^ng,^o^r^gaⁱⁿⁱ^{ng e}ⁿ^t^r^aⁿ^c^e^t^o^o^r
^e^nga^ge^dⁱⁿ^a^c^o^ntⁱ^nui^{ng se}^rⁱ^e^s^o^fⁱⁿ^cr^easin^g^p^o^s^itioⁿⁱⁿ^{a g}^aⁿ^g^,^o^r^f^o^r^m^aⁱⁿ^tainⁱⁿ^g^o^rⁱⁿ^cr^easin^g^th^eir
^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^des^c^{ribed as}^crimⁱⁿ^al^t^h^{e di}^rect^{or i}ⁿ^di^rect^ben^e^fⁱ^t^of^t^h^e^pos^itionⁱⁿ^{a g}^aⁿ^g^.^[Section^101]
^s^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^crim^es^{, abov}^{e; (2)}^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^;^{or w}^h^oev^e^{r (2)}
ⁱⁿ^t^eⁿ^d^s^t^o^prom^ot^{e or f}^u^rt^h^e^{r t}^h^e^em^ploy^s^,^u^s^es^{, com}^m^aⁿ^d^s^,^couⁿ^s^els^,
^f^e^loⁿⁱ^o^u^{s activ}^{ities o}^f^th^{e cr}^imⁱⁿ^al^pers^u^a^des^,ⁱⁿ^du^ces^{, en}^tices^{, or coerces}
^str^{eet g}^aⁿ^g^o^r^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^o^rⁱⁿ^cr^ease^an^yⁱⁿ^divⁱ^du^{al to com}^m^{it, cau}^s^e^to
^hⁱ^{s o}^r^h^e^r^p^o^s^itioⁿⁱⁿ^th^{e g}^aⁿ^g^;^an^d^co^m^m^{it, o}^r^f^{acilitate th}^{e co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^{(3) h}^a^s^been^con^vⁱ^{cted w}^ithⁱⁿ^th^e^of^{a predicate g}^aⁿ^g^crim^{e in}

CRS-8
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^pas^t^{5 y}^ears^f^o^{r (A}^{) an}^of^f^eⁿ^s^e^f^u^r^t^h^e^r^aⁿ^{ce o}^rⁱⁿ^aid^o^f^th^{e activ}^{ities o}^f
^des^c^ri^{bed i}ⁿ^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{521(c), (B)}^{a crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^,^f^o^{r g}^aⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g
^{a s}^t^{ate of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e in}^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^a^en^tr^an^{ce to}^o^r^m^aⁱⁿ^tainⁱⁿ^g^o^r
^coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^su^b^s^tan^{ce f}^o^r^w^h^ich^th^eⁱⁿ^cr^easin^g^p^o^s^itioⁿⁱⁿ^su^ch^{a g}^aⁿ^g^,^o^r
^m^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^p^eⁿ^a^lty^{is n}^o^{t less th}^an^f^o^{r t}^h^{e di}^rect^{or i}ⁿ^di^rect^ben^e^fⁱ^t^of^t^h^e
^fⁱ^v^e^y^ear^s’^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{, o}^r^th^{at is}^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^{or in}^as^s^o^ciation
^{a f}^e^lon^y^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce th}^{at h}^a^s^w^ith^th^{e cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al str}^{eet g}^aⁿ^g^w^o^u^l^d^b^e
^as^an^elem^en^{t th}^{e u}^s^{e or attem}^p^ted^su^b^j^{ect to}^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^{title 1}⁸^an^d
^u^s^{e of}^ph^y^s^{ical f}^o^{rce ag}^ain^s^t^p^eⁿ^a^{lties d}^e^scrⁱ^b^e^d^b^e^lo^w^.^[^S^ectioⁿ
^an^ot^h^e^{r pers}^on^{, (C}^{) an}^y^f^e^deral^or^102]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^s^t^{ate f}^e^lon^y^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e th}^{at in}^v^o^lv^es^a^su^b^s^tan^{tial r}ⁱ^sk^o^f^p^h^y^s^{ical f}^o^r^{ce, o}^r
^g/w^{(D) a con}^s^piracy^{to com}^m^{it an}^y^of
^s^.or^t^h^{e of}^f^eⁿ^s^esⁱⁿ^(A^{), (B), or (C}^).
^le^ak
^f^eⁿ^ses^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{521 def}ⁱⁿ^e^s^cri^mⁱⁿ^al^Defⁱⁿ^e^s^pr^edi^c^at^{e gang cr}ⁱ^m^e^as^a^D^e^fi^ne^{s ga}^{ng c}^rⁱ^m^e^a^s^c^o^nd^uc^t^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101]

^://wiki^st^r^e^e^t^ga^{ng o}^ffe^nse^s^a^s^:⁽¹⁾^a^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce or on}^{e in}^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^coⁿ^s^titu^tin^g^an^y^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l o}^r^{state cr}^im^e
^h^ttp^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l f}^e^loⁿ^yⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^a^m^a^nufa^c^t^urⁱ^ng,ⁱ^m^p^o^r^tⁱ^ng,^dⁱ^st^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^ng,^puⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^byⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r m}^o^re
^con^t^rol^l^e^{d s}^u^bs^t^aⁿ^{ce (as}^defⁱⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ^o^r^p^o^ssessin^g^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^dⁱ^strⁱ^b^u^te,^th^an^on^{e y}^{ear, in}^th^{e f}^o^llowⁱⁿ^g
^{§102 of}^t^h^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rol^l^e^{d S}^u^bs^t^aⁿ^ces^o^r^o^t^h^e^r^w^{ise d}^ealin^g^w^ith^{a co}ⁿ^t^r^o^lled^categ^ories^:^{(1) a crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^ce
^A^c^t^{(21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{802) f}^o^{r w}^hⁱ^c^h^t^h^e^s^u^bs^tan^{ce or lis}^{ted ch}^em^icals^of^th^e^oth^e^{r th}^an^{a crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce ag}^ain^s^t
^m^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^p^eⁿ^a^lty^{is n}^o^{t less th}^an^Coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^{t, p}^r^o^v^id^ed^t^h^{e propert}^y^of^an^ot^h^e^r;^{(2) a cri}^m^e
^fⁱ^v^e^y^ears^;^{(2) a f}^e^deral^f^e^l^oⁿ^y^th^{at th}^{e activ}^{ities o}^f^th^{e cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al str}^eetⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^o^b^s^tr^u^c^tioⁿ^o^f^j^u^stice,
^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce th}^{at h}^a^s^as^an^g^aⁿ^g^af^f^{ect in}^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿⁱⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^tam^p^erⁱⁿ^g^w^ith^o^r^r^e^taliatin^g
^elem^en^{t th}^{e u}^s^{e or attem}^p^{ted u}^s^{e of}^com^m^e^{rce, or in}^v^o^lv^{e th}^{e u}^s^{e of}^an^y^ag^ain^s^{t a w}^itn^{ess, v}ⁱ^ctim^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^t,
^ph^y^s^{ical f}^o^{rce ag}^ain^s^{t an}^oth^e^r^f^acility^o^f^{, o}^r^tr^av^{el in}^{, in}^ter^s^{tate o}^r^o^r^b^u^r^g^lar^y^{; (}³⁾^{a cr}^im^{e in}^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^th^e
^pers^on^{; an}^{d (3) a con}^s^piracy^to^f^o^rei^gⁿ^com^m^e^{rce. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]^m^a^nufa^c^t^urⁱ^ng,ⁱ^m^p^o^r^tⁱ^ng,^dⁱ^st^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^ng,
^co^m^m^{it an}^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e in}^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^p^o^ssessin^g^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^dⁱ^strⁱ^b^u^{te, o}^r
ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce, as}^P^r^{edicate g}^aⁿ^g^crim^{e als}^oⁱⁿ^clu^d^es^an^y^o^t^h^e^r^w^{ise d}^ealin^gⁱⁿ^{a co}ⁿ^t^r^o^lled
^des^c^ri^{bed i}ⁿ^parag^r^aph^s^{(1) an}^{d (2),}^{act, th}^{reat, con}^s^piracy^{, or attem}^p^ted^s^u^bs^tan^{ce or lis}^{ted ch}^em^{ical def}ⁱⁿ^e^{d in}

CRS-9
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^abov^e.^{act, ch}^arg^{eable as}^{a f}^e^lon^y^uⁿ^d^er^{21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{802. A}^l^s^oⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^es^con^d^u^c^t
^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l o}^r^{state law}ⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^:⁽¹⁾^p^uni^sha^b^l^e^und^e^r^va^rⁱ^o^u^{s sub}^s^e^c^tⁱ^o^ns
^m^u^r^d^e^r^;⁽²⁾^m^a^nsl^a^ught^e^r^;⁽³⁾^of^{§844, §922,§924, §930, §931,}
^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^;⁽⁴⁾^assau^{lt w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^{§1028, §1029, §1952, §1956, §1957,}
^w^eap^oⁿ^{; (}⁵⁾^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^s^{or §2313-}^{2315, rel}^a^t^e^{d t}^o^fⁱ^rearm^s
^b^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{; (}⁶⁾^g^a^m^b^lin^g^;⁽⁷⁾^vⁱ^ol^atⁱ^oⁿ^s^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101]

^kⁱ^dn^appiⁿ^g^;^{(8) robbery}^;^{(9) ex}^t^o^rtⁱ^oⁿ^;
^{(10) ars}^oⁿ^;^{(11) obs}^t^r^u^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^j^u^s^tⁱ^ce;
⁽¹²⁾^tam^p^erⁱⁿ^g^w^ith^o^r^r^e^taliatin^g
^ag^ain^s^{t a w}^itn^{ess, v}ⁱ^ctim^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^t;
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}⁽¹³⁾^b^u^r^g^lar^y^{; (}¹⁴⁾^sex^u^a^{l assau}^{lt; (}¹⁵⁾^c^a^r^j^a^c^kⁱ^ng;^o^r⁽¹⁶⁾^m^a^nufa^c^t^urⁱ^ng,
^g/wⁱ^m^portⁱⁿ^g^,^di^s^t^ri^bu^tⁱⁿ^g^,^pos^s^e^s^sⁱⁿ^g
^s^.or^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^dⁱ^strⁱ^b^u^{te o}^r^d^ealin^gⁱⁿ^a
^le^ak^coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^su^b^s^tan^{ce o}^r^listed
^ch^em^icalsⁱⁿ^th^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rolled
^://wiki^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^t.
^h^ttp
^P^r^{edicate g}^aⁿ^g^crim^{e als}^oⁱⁿ^clu^d^es^a
^f^e^l^oⁿ^y^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e u}ⁿ^d^er:^{(1) §844}
^r^e^latin^g^to^ex^p^l^o^s^iv^{e m}^a^terⁱ^{als; (}²⁾
^§922(g⁾^{(1) rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^fⁱ^rearm
^pos^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^by^{a con}^vⁱ^{cted f}^e^lon^,^w^h^ere
^t^h^e^und^e^r^l^yⁱ^{ng c}^o^nvi^c^tⁱ^o^{n i}^s^a^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t
^fe^l^o^ny^o^r^se^rⁱ^o^u^{s d}^r^{ug o}^ffe^nse^und^e^r
^{21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^924(e)(2)(A^);^{(3) §924}
^r^e^latin^g^to^illeg^a^{l in}^ter^s^{tate acq}^uⁱ^sitioⁿ^,
^{receipt, pos}^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^{, an}^{d tran}^s^f^{er of}
^fi^r^e^a^r^m^sⁱⁿ^vi^o^l^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^va^rⁱ^o^u^s
^s^u^bs^ectⁱ^oⁿ^s^;^{(4) §1028 an}^{d §1029}

CRS-10
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^r^e^latin^g^to^f^r^au^d^an^d^r^e^lated^activ^ityⁱⁿ
^coⁿⁿ^ectioⁿ^w^ith^id^en^tif^icatioⁿ
^docu^m^en^ts^{or acces}^s^devⁱ^ces^{; (5)}
^{§1503 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^obs^t^r^u^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^of
^j^u^s^tⁱ^ce;^{(6) §1510 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o
^o^b^s^tr^u^c^tioⁿ^o^f^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al in}^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^s^;
^{(7) §1512 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^t^a^m^p^eriⁿ^g^wⁱ^t^h^a
^w^itn^{ess, v}ⁱ^ctim^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^{t, o}^r
^{§1513 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^ret^a^lⁱ^a^tⁱⁿ^g^ag^aiⁿ^s^t^a
^w^itn^{ess, v}ⁱ^ctim^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^{t; (}⁸⁾
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^{§1708 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^t^h^ef^t^of^s^t^ol^en^m^aⁱ^l^m^a^t^t^e^r;^{(9) §1951 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o
^g/wⁱⁿ^t^e^rf^eren^{ce w}ⁱ^t^h^com^m^e^{rce, robbery}
^s^.or^{or ex}^t^o^rtⁱ^oⁿ^;^{(10) §1952 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o
^le^ak^rack^et^eeriⁿ^g^;^{(11) §1956 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o
^m^oⁿ^e^y^l^a^uⁿ^d^eriⁿ^g^;^{(12) §1957 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g
^://wiki^t^o^e^nga^gi^{ng i}ⁿ^m^o^ne^t^a^r^y^t^r^aⁿ^sa^c^tⁱ^o^ns
^h^ttpⁱⁿ^propert^y^deri^v^e^{d f}^r^om^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l
^actⁱ^vⁱ^t^y^;^{(13) §1958 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^u^s^{e of}
ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate co}^m^m^e^r^{ce f}^{acilities in}^th^e
^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^m^u^rder-^f^o^r-^hⁱ^re;^or
^{(14) §2312-}^{§2315 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^oⁱⁿ^t^e^rs^t^a^t^e
^tr^an^sp^o^r^tatioⁿ^o^f^sto^l^en^m^o^to^r^v^e^hⁱ^cles
^{or s}^t^ol^en^propert^y^.
^A^l^s^o^{, predicate g}^aⁿ^g^crim^{e in}^clu^d^es
^o^ffe^nse^s^und^e^r^t^h^e^I^m^mⁱ^gr^a^tⁱ^o^{n a}ⁿ^d
^Nation^a^lity^A^c^{t, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^{(1) §274}
^r^e^latin^g^to^h^a^r^b^o^rⁱⁿ^g^cer^tain^alien^s^{; (}²⁾
^{§277 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^ai^diⁿ^g^{or as}^sⁱ^s^tⁱⁿ^g

CRS-11
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^cer^tain^alien^s^to^en^ter^th^{e Un}^ited
^S^t^at^es^;^{or (3) §278 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o
^im^p^o^r^tatioⁿ^o^f^alien^s^f^o^r^im^m^o^r^a^l
^pu^rpos^es^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]
^ies^{18 U.S.C}^.^{521 prov}^ides^pen^a^lties^{For predicate g}^aⁿ^g^crim^{e, es}^tablis^h^e^s^Estab^lish^e^{s p}^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^g^aⁿ^g^cr^im^es:^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^801]

^f^o^{r crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^crim^es^th^{e f}^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: (}¹⁾^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e⁽¹⁾^if^cr^im^{e r}^e^su^{lts in}^d^eath^o^f^an^y
ⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^activ^{ities th}^{at af}^f^ect^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^t^pers^on^{, deat}^h^{or l}ⁱ^f^{e i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^;⁽²⁾
ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce to}^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{30 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;^an^{d (2) i}^f^if^crim^{e is}^kⁱ^dn^appin^g^,^ag^g^r^av^ated
ⁱⁿ^creas^{e by}^u^p^{to 10 y}^ears^.^In^clu^d^es^t^h^{e v}ⁱ^ol^atⁱ^oⁿⁱ^s^bas^e^{d on}^{a predi}^cat^e^se^xua^l^a^b^use^,^o^r^m^aⁱ^mⁱ^ng,^lⁱ^f^e
^th^{e f}^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^cr^im^{es: (}¹⁾^{a f}^e^d^e^r^a^l^ga^{ng c}^rⁱ^m^e^fo^r^w^hⁱ^c^{h t}^h^e^m^a^xi^m^u^mⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{or an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^earsⁿ^o^t
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^fe^l^o^nyⁱ^nvo^l^vⁱ^{ng a}^c^o^nt^r^o^l^l^e^d^p^eⁿ^a^ltyⁱⁿ^clu^d^{es lif}^{e im}^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{, a}^{less th}^an³⁰^;⁽³⁾^if^cr^im^{e is assau}^l^t
^g/w^su^b^s^tan^{ce; (}²⁾^{a f}^e^d^e^r^a^{l f}^e^loⁿ^y^fⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^r^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, lif}^e
^s^.or^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce; an}^{d (3) a}^an^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e, or bot}^h^.ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{or an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^earsⁿ^o^t
^le^ak^con^s^piracy^{to com}^m^{it certain}^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]^les^s^th^an^{20; an}^{d in}^an^y^oth^e^{r cas}^{e, lif}^e
^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es. P}^r^o^v^id^{es p}^eⁿ^a^{lties, if}ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{or f}^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears
^://wiki^coⁿ^vⁱ^cted^{, o}^f^u^p^to¹⁰^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^lⁿ^o^t^l^e^s^s^t^h^an^{10 y}^ears^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101]
^h^ttp^y^ear^{s o}^f^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^to^th^e
^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ce f}^o^{r th}^{e u}ⁿ^d^erlyⁱⁿ^g^f^e^deral
^crim^e.

CRS-12
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^fe^itur^e^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e co}^u^r^{t, in}^im^p^o^sⁱⁿ^g^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^au^t^h^ori^zes^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^801]

^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ce on}^{a pers}^on^con^vⁱ^{cted of}^s^u^ch^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al f}^o^r^f^eitu^r^e^{, b}^u^{t n}^o^{t civ}ⁱ^l
^an^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e, to requ}^{ire th}^{at th}^e^con^fⁱ^s^catⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101]
^d^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{t f}^o^r^f^{eit to}^th^{e Un}^ited^States
^g^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^an^y^propert^y^,^real^or
^p^e^rsoⁿ^{al, co}ⁿ^s^titu^tin^g^o^r^traceab^{le to}
^g^r^os^s^proceeds^obtain^e^{d f}^r^om^s^u^ch
^of^f^eⁿ^s^e;^an^{d an}^y^propert^y^u^s^{ed or}
ⁱⁿ^ten^d^ed^to^b^e^u^s^ed^{, in}^an^y^m^aⁿⁿ^e^r^o^r
^p^a^r^t^{, to}^co^m^m^{it o}^r^to^f^{acilitate th}^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^s^u^ch^vⁱ^olation^.^Su^ch^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al f}^o^r^f^eitu^r^e^{s w}^o^u^l^d^b^e^g^o^v^e^rⁿ^ed
^g/w^by^procedu^r^es^s^e^t^ou^tⁱⁿ^{§413 of}^t^h^e
^s^.or^Coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^{t (}²¹^U.S.C.
^le^ak^{853), ot}^h^e^{r t}^h^an^s^u^bs^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{(d), an}^d
^ru^l^e^{32.2 of}^t^h^{e F}^e^deral^R^u^l^e^s^of
^://wiki^C^r^imⁱⁿ^{al P}^r^ocedu^r^{e. T}^h^{e s}^a^m^e
^h^ttp^propert^y^w^o^u^l^{d be s}^u^bj^ect^t^o^ci^vⁱ^l
^con^f^is^cation^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{e procedu}^r^es
^f^o^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^C^h^apt^e^{r 46 of}^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^981,
^{986, on}^Cⁱ^vⁱ^l^F^o^rf^ei^t^u^{re. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]

CRS-13
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^y^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1956(c)(7)(D⁾^provⁱ^d^es^,^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^m^en^ds^{§1956(c)(7)(D}^{) by}^addiⁿ^g^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ
^unde^rⁱ^ng^am^oⁿ^g^o^t^h^e^r^thⁱⁿ^g^s^{, th}^{at it is}^“^{§521 (rel}^atⁱⁿ^g^t^o^cri^mⁱⁿ^al^s^t^reet^g^aⁿ^g^801(c)]
^unl^a^w^ful^fo^r^w^h^o^e^ve^r^,^kno^wⁱ^ng^p^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^s⁾^”^to^th^{e ex}^istin^g^{list o}^f
^th^{at th}^{e p}^r^o^p^e^r^t^yⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^edⁱⁿ^a^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^{ities p}^uⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le u}ⁿ^d^er
^fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial tr}^an^sactioⁿ^r^e^p^r^esen^{ts th}^e^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^o^f^th^{e law}^.
^proceeds^of^s^o^m^e^f^o^rm^of^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101(c)]
^activ^ity^{, co}ⁿ^d^u^c^{ts o}^r^attem^p^{ts to}
^coⁿ^d^u^c^{t a f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial tr}^an^sactioⁿ
^w^h^ichⁱⁿ^f^{act in}^v^o^lv^es^th^{e proceeds}
^of^{a s}^p^ecifⁱ^{ed u}ⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^an^d^co^u^l^d^b^e^su^b^j^{ect to}^p^eⁿ^a^lties^th^{at in}^clu^d^{e a f}ⁱⁿ^e^ofⁿ^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an
^g/w^{$500,000 or t}^wⁱ^{ce t}^h^{e v}^a^l^u^{e of}^t^h^e
^s^.or^p^r^o^p^e^r^t^yⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^edⁱⁿ^th^e
^le^ak^tr^an^sactioⁿ^,^w^h^ich^e^v^e^r^{is g}^r^eater^{, o}^r
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
^://wiki^y^ears^,^{or both}^.^P^r^oceeds^traceable
^h^ttp^t^o^m^o^ne^y^l^a^und^e^rⁱ^{ng o}^ffe^nse^s^a^r^e
^s^u^bj^{ect to civ}^{il con}^f^is^cation^uⁿ^d^er
^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^981.
^{finition of}^Defⁱⁿ^e^s^‘^s^tate’^as^{a s}^t^{ate of}^th^e^D^e^fi^ne^{s ‘st}^a^t^e^{’ a}^s^{the s}^ever^al^s^t^ates^of^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^S^.^{155. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101]^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^801]

^e^Un^{ited States}^{, th}^{e Dis}^t^{rict of}^th^{e Un}^{ited States}^{, th}^{e Dis}^t^{rict of}
^Co^lu^m^b^{ia, an}^y^co^m^m^oⁿ^w^ealth^,^C^o^lu^m^b^{ia, an}^{d an}^y^com^m^oⁿ^w^ealth^,
^t^e^rri^t^o^ry^{, or pos}^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^e^ter^r^ito^r^y^{, o}^r^p^o^ssessioⁿ^o^f^th^{e Un}^ited
^Un^{ited States}^.^S^t^at^es^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]

CRS-14
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^g^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2119 def}ⁱⁿ^e^s^carj^ackⁱⁿ^g^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^(S^{ee S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(e),^A^m^en^ds^{§ 2119 (carj}^ackⁱⁿ^g⁾^sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^rl^y^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^H^.^R^.^{1279, ex}^cept^provⁱ^d^es
^as^takⁱⁿ^g^{a car f}^r^om^s^o^m^e^on^{e by}^bel^o^w⁾^t^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^adds^t^h^atⁱ^tⁱ^s^th^{at if}^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^o^ccu^r^s^,
^f^o^{rce an}^{d v}ⁱ^olen^{ce or in}^tim^idation^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l to}^cons^pi^r^e^to^tak^e^{a m}^o^to^r^p^eⁿ^a^{lties in}^clu^d^{e a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸
^w^ith^th^{e in}^ten^t^to^cau^{se d}^eath^o^r^v^e^hⁱ^{cle in}^{a carj}^ackⁱⁿ^g^.^In^creas^es^an^{d i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of
^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^y^h^a^rm^{. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^e^p^eⁿ^a^{lties to}^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^o^rⁿ^o^t^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^803(a)]
^f^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: (}¹⁾^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{20 y}^ears^’ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{, or}
^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^o^r^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^bot^h^;^an^{d i}^f^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry
ⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{15 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;⁽²⁾^o^ccu^r^s^{, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,
^if^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^o^ccu^r^s^{, a}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^o^fⁿ^o^{t less th}^an¹⁰^y^ear^s
^fi^ne^,ⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^m^e^nt^fo^r^no^t^m^o^r^eⁿ^o^{r m}^o^{re t}^h^an^{30 y}^ears^’ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^t^h^an^{25 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;^an^{d (3) i}^f^death^occu^rs^{, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^or^{or bot}^h^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^103(a)]
^g/wⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^yⁿ^u^m^{ber of}
^s^.or^y^ears^u^p^t^o^lⁱ^f^{e, or bot}^h^,^or
^le^ak^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ced to death}^.
^://wiki^l^en^t^Crimes^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^m^en^d^s^Ch^ap^ter²⁶^T^{itle 1}⁸^{U.S.C., as}^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.⁽^S^{ee “}^P^en^alties,”^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.⁽^S^{ee “}^P^en^alties,”
^h^ttp^u^r^t^h^eran^ce^am^en^{ded by}^s^ection^{101 of}^th^{e bill, by}^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{101, abov}^e.)^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{801, abov}^e.

ⁱ^{d of}^addiⁿ^g^at^t^h^{e en}^{d a n}^e^w^“^§523.
^reet^Vio^l^en^{t Cr}^im^{es Related}^to^Cr^imⁱⁿ^al
^ngs^{Street Gan}^g^s^{.” R}^e^qu^ires^th^{at an}^y
^pers^on^w^h^{o is}ⁱⁿ^{a crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g
^{or in}^v^o^lv^{ed in}^v^a^riou^s^{direct an}^d
ⁱⁿ^di^rect^m^aⁿⁿ^e^rs^{, or t}^h^at^profⁱ^t^s^f^r^om
^s^u^ch^an^as^s^o^ciation^,^an^{d w}^h^{o com}^m^its
^certain^vⁱ^olen^{t crim}^es^{, be s}^u^bj^{ect to}
^cer^tain^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l an}^d^coⁿ^s^ecu^tiv^e
^p^eⁿ^a^{lties p}^r^o^v^id^ed^f^o^r^an^y^o^t^h^e^r
^c^rⁱ^mⁱⁿ^a^l^st^r^e^e^t^ga^{ng vi}^o^l^a^tⁱ^o^ns:⁽¹⁾^fo^r
^m^u^{rder, by}^deat^h^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r

CRS-15
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^an^y^term^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e
^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r^b^o^t^h^;⁽²⁾^f^o^r
^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^{ng o}^r^se^xua^l^a^ssa^ul^t^,^b^y
ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^or
^f^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;^{(3) f}^o^r
^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^b^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^an^y
^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^{or l}ⁱ^f^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;
⁽⁴⁾^f^o^r^assau^{lt w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s
^w^eap^oⁿ^o^r^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^s
^b^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^t
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{30 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;⁽⁵⁾^f^o^{r an}^y^oth^e^{r crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce, by}
^g/w^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
^s^.or^y^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or both}^;^{(6) f}^o^r
^le^ak^th^reatenⁱⁿ^g^{to com}^m^{it a crim}^{e of}
^vⁱ^o^l^en^{ce listed}ⁱⁿ^item^s¹^-⁴^o^f^th^is
^://wiki^sectioⁿ^o^f^th^{e b}^{ill, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t
^h^ttp^f^o^{r n}^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an^{10 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or}
^b^o^t^h;⁽⁷⁾^fo^r^a^t^t^e^m^p^tⁱ^{ng o}^r^c^o^nspⁱ^rⁱ^ng
^to^co^m^m^{it m}^u^r^d^er^{, k}ⁱ^dⁿ^ap^pⁱⁿ^g^,
^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^o^r^sex^u^a^{l assau}^{lt, b}^y
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an³⁰
^y^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or both}^;^an^{d (8) f}^o^r
^attem^p^tin^g^o^r^coⁿ^s^pⁱ^rⁱⁿ^g^to^co^m^m^{it a}
^cr^im^{e in}^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^assau^{lt w}^ith^a
^d^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^w^eap^oⁿ^o^r^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^g
ⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, b}^y
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
^y^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^103]

CRS-16
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^r^s^ta^te^aⁿ^d^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1952 es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{§1952 by}^ex^pan^dⁱⁿ^g^t^h^e^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^m^a^k^e^sⁱ^t^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^807]

^eⁱ^{gn T}^r^a^v^e^l^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^s^an^d^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^cr^im^es^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^er^w^h^ich^{it is u}ⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l to}^cons^pi^r^e^to^co^m^m^{it cr}^im^es
^{related to rack}^eteerin^g^th^{at apply}^to^to^u^s^{e in}^ter^s^{tate an}^d^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^tr^av^{el o}^r^relatin^g^{to rack}^eteerin^g^.^In^creas^es^th^e
ⁿ^s^por^ta^tion^an^yⁱⁿ^divⁱ^du^{al w}^h^{o trav}^elsⁱⁿ^tran^s^portationⁱⁿ^{aid of}^rack^eteerin^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^{r d}ⁱ^strib^u^tin^g^th^{e p}^r^o^ceed^s
ⁱ^{d of}ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce o}^r^en^terpris^e^s^{to in}^clu^d^{e an}^y^oⁿ^e^w^h^o^o^f^an^y^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^{, an}^d
^eerin^g^u^s^{es th}^{e m}^a^{il o}^r^an^y^f^acilityⁱⁿ^perf^orm^s^or^cons^pi^r^e^s^t^o^perf^orm^an^p^r^o^m^o^tin^g^,^m^aⁿ^a^gⁱⁿ^g^,^o^r^f^acilitatin^g
^t^e^rp^{rises an}^dⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce w}^ith^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^act^uⁿ^d^{er §1952. In}^creas^es^t^h^e^p^r^o^m^o^tⁱ^o^n,^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^,
^reet^th^eⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^{: (}¹⁾^dⁱ^strⁱ^b^u^{te th}^e^th^{e pen}^a^lty^f^o^{r dis}^t^ribu^tion^of^proceeds^estab^lish^m^en^{t, o}^r^car^r^yⁱⁿ^g^oⁿ^{, o}^f^an^y
^ngs^proceeds^of^an^y^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^;^aⁿ^d^p^r^o^m^o^tⁱ^ng,^m^a^na^gi^ng,^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^{, to}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^{(2) com}^m^{it an}^y^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^ce^e^s^t^a^b^lⁱ^s^hi^ng,^c^a^r^r^yⁱ^{ng o}ⁿ^,^o^rⁿ^o^{t less th}^an^fⁱ^v^e^an^dⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^to^f^u^r^t^h^e^r^an^y^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^{; o}^r^{(3) ot}^h^e^rwⁱ^s^{e prom}^ot^{e, m}^aⁿ^a^g^e^,^f^acilitatin^g^th^{e p}^r^o^m^o^tioⁿ^,^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^,^e^s^t^a^b^lⁱ^s^hm^eⁿ^t^,^o^r^y^ears^.^{For v}ⁱ^olation^s^w^h^{ere th}^e^o^f^f^eⁿ^d^er^tr^av^{els in}ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ
^g/w^estab^lish^,^car^r^y^oⁿ^{, o}^r^f^{acilitate th}^e^car^r^yⁱⁿ^g^oⁿ^o^f^an^y^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^.^com^m^e^{rce or u}^s^es^th^{e m}^a^{il or an}^y
^s^.or^p^r^o^m^o^tⁱ^o^n,^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^,^P^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^f^acility^o^fⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate co}^m^m^e^r^{ce w}^ith
^le^ak^estab^lish^m^en^{t, o}^r^car^r^yⁱⁿ^g^oⁿ^{, o}^f^w^o^u^l^d^b^e^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,ⁿ^o^t^th^{e in}^ten^t^to^co^m^m^{it an}^y^cr^im^{e o}^f
^an^y^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ity^{, an}^d^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{10 y}^ears^’ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{, or}^vⁱ^olen^{ce to f}^u^rth^e^{r an}^y^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l
^://wiki^th^er^eaf^ter^p^e^r^f^o^r^m^s^o^r^attem^p^{ts to}^b^o^t^{h fo}^r^no^n-vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^c^rⁱ^m^e^s^;^aⁿ^d^fo^r^activ^ity^{, th}^{e p}^eⁿ^a^lty^w^o^u^l^d^b^e^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e
^h^ttp^perf^orm^an^act^des^c^ri^{bed i}ⁿ^{(1) or}^vⁱ^o^l^en^{t cr}^im^{es, if}^d^eath^r^e^su^{lts, th}^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^an^d^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^{(3), abov}^e;^{or an}^act^des^c^ri^{bed i}ⁿ^pen^a^lty^f^o^{r s}^u^ch^{a crim}^{e cou}^l^{d be}ⁿ^o^{t less th}^an¹⁰ⁿ^o^r^m^o^r^e^th^an³⁰
^{(2), abov}^{e, are s}^u^bj^{ect to th}^e^puⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^by^deat^h^,^w^o^u^l^{d be}^y^ears^.^If^death^res^u^lts^{, th}^{e of}^f^eⁿ^d^er
^f^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: f}^o^r^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^esⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^or^w^o^u^l^{d be requ}ⁱ^r^{ed t}^o^{be s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ced t}^o
^des^c^ri^{bed u}ⁿ^d^{er (1) an}^{d (3),}^lⁱ^f^{e, or bot}^h^.^deat^h^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of
^of^f^eⁿ^d^ers^{are s}^u^bj^{ect to a f}ⁱⁿ^e^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^102]
^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^A^dds^th^{at an}^y^oⁿ^e^w^h^{o trav}^elsⁱⁿ
^no^t^m^o^r^e^t^h^aⁿ^fi^ve^y^e^a^r^{s o}^r^b^o^t^h,ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce o}^r^u^s^es
^an^{d f}^o^{r v}ⁱ^olen^{t crim}^es^uⁿ^d^{er (2), a}^th^{e m}^a^{il o}^r^an^y^f^acilityⁱⁿⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r
^fⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce w}^ith^th^{e in}^ten^t^to
^ofⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{20 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^,^k^{ill assau}^{lt, b}^r^ib^{e, f}^o^r^{ce, in}^tim^id^{ate, o}^r
^an^{d if}^death^occu^rs^{, im}^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^t^h^reat^en^an^y^pers^on^t^o^del^a^y^or
^f^o^{r an}^y^term^of^y^ears^{or lif}^eⁱⁿ^f^l^u^eⁿ^{ce th}^{e testim}^oⁿ^y^o^f^{, o}^r^p^r^ev^en^t

CRS-17
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^.^t^h^e^m^f^r^o^m^testif^yⁱⁿ^g^{as a w}^itn^{ess in}^a
^s^t^{ate crim}ⁱⁿ^{al proceedin}^g^,^if^f^o^uⁿ^d
^g^u^ilty^{, w}^o^u^l^d^b^e^fⁱⁿ^e^d^an^d^im^p^r^isoⁿ^ed
^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^,^{or bot}^h^.^If^deat^h
^res^u^l^t^s^{, t}^h^{e pen}^a^l^t^y^cou^l^{d be deat}^h^or
ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^or
^lif^{e. Mak}^e^{s th}^{e in}^tim^id^atioⁿ^o^f^{, o}^r
^r^e^taliatioⁿ^ag^ain^s^{t, a w}^itn^{ess, v}ⁱ^ctim^,
^j^u^r^o^r^,^o^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^{t u}ⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l activ}^ities
^uⁿ^d^{er t}^hⁱ^s^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^104]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^lt^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{113(a)(3) s}^p^eci^fⁱ^es^t^h^at^A^m^en^ds^{§113(a)(3) by}^s^t^ri^kⁱⁿ^g^t^h^e^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^g/w^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^assau^{lt w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^w^eap^oⁿ^,^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{t “}^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^d^o^b^o^d^ily
^s^.or^e^r^a^l^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^d^o^b^o^d^ily^h^a^r^m^{, an}^d^h^a^rm^an^{d w}ⁱ^t^h^ou^t^j^u^s^t^cau^s^e^or
^le^akⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^w^ith^ou^{t j}^u^s^t^cau^s^e^{or ex}^cu^s^e^is^ex^cu^s^{e” f}^r^om^th^{e des}^c^ription^of^as^s^a^u^l^t
^p^uⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le b}^y^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^w^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^w^eap^oⁿ^{. P}^eⁿ^a^lties
^://wiki^o^r^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an^f^o^r^th^{is o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e r}^e^m^aⁱⁿ^th^{e sam}^e^.
^h^ttp^{10 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(a)]
^g^r^av^at^ed^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^D^e^fⁱⁿ^e^s^aggr^avat^{ed s}^exual^abus^e^as^an^Iden^tⁱ^cal^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^801]

^{al A}^b^u^se^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e th}^{at, if}^co^m^m^ittedⁱⁿ^th^e
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^sp^{ecial m}^a^r^itim^{e an}^d^ter^r^ito^rⁱ^al
^e^r^a^l^j^u^rⁱ^sdⁱ^c^tⁱ^o^{ns w}^o^ul^d^b^e^aⁿ^o^ffe^nse
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^uⁿ^d^{er 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2241(a), w}^hⁱ^c^h
^p^r^o^v^id^{es p}^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^kⁿ^o^wⁱⁿ^g^l^y
^c^a^u^si^{ng a}ⁿ^o^t^he^r^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^t^o^e^nga^geⁱⁿ^a
^s^e^x^u^a^{l act by}^f^o^{rce or th}^{reat or f}^{ear of}
^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^{or k}ⁱ^dn^appiⁿ^g^,^or
^by^ren^d^eriⁿ^g^an^ot^h^e^{r pers}^on
^unc^oⁿ^scⁱ^o^{us o}^r^a^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^st^e^rⁱ^{ng a}^d^r^ug,

CRS-18
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
ⁱⁿ^to^xⁱ^can^{t o}^r^o^t^h^e^r^sim^ilar^su^b^s^tan^c^e
^th^{at im}^p^a^ir^{s th}^{e ab}^ility^to^coⁿ^t^r^o^{l th}^eir
^con^d^u^c^t^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101]
^ns^la^ughte^r^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1112(b) prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{§1112(b) by}ⁱⁿ^creasⁱⁿ^g^t^h^e^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^p^e^na^ltie^{s fo}^r^m^a^nsla^ughte^r^w^ithinⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^meⁿ^t^ma^xⁱ^mu^{m p}^eⁿ^a^l^t^y^f^o^r
^e^r^a^l^th^{e sp}^{ecial m}^a^r^itim^{e an}^d^ter^r^ito^rⁱ^al^vo^l^unt^a^r^y^m^a^nsl^a^ught^e^r^fr^o^m¹⁰^t^o²⁰
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^j^u^rⁱ^sdⁱ^c^tⁱ^o^ns.^Fo^r^vo^l^unt^a^r^y^y^ears^,^an^{d f}^o^{r in}^v^o^luⁿ^t^ary
^m^a^nsla^ughte^r^,^a^fine^und^e^r^T^itle¹⁸^m^a^nsl^a^ught^e^r^fr^o^m⁶^t^o¹⁰^y^e^a^r^s.
^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^ofⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(b)]
^{10 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^.^F^o^{r i}ⁿ^v^o^l^uⁿ^t^ary
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^m^a^nsl^a^ught^e^r^,^a^fi^ne^o^r
^g/w^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^o^fⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an^six
^s^.or^y^ears^,^{or bot}^h^.
^le^ak^f^eⁿ^ses^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1153(a) prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r t}^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{§1153(a) by}^addiⁿ^g^t^h^at^f^o^r^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^://wiki^t^h^{in Indian}^application^of^ex^clu^s^iv^{e f}^e^deral^j^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es co}^m^m^itted^w^illf^u^lly^o^r^m^a^licio^u^s^ly^d^e^str^o^yⁱⁿ^g^o^rⁱⁿ^j^u^rⁱⁿ^g^o^r^attem^p^tin^g^to^d^e^str^o^y^o^r
^h^ttp^y^w^ithⁱⁿ^Iⁿ^dⁱ^an^Co^uⁿ^t^r^y^an^d^th^e^cau^s^eⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^{to th}^{e real or pers}^on^al
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^es.^propert^y^of^an^ot^h^e^{r w}^h^{ere t}^h^{e propert}^y
^e^r^a^l^{is a d}^w^ellin^g^o^r^{a lif}^{e is j}^e^o^p^a^r^d^ized^.
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(c)]
^eer^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1961(1) rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o^A^m^en^ds^§1961(1)(A^{) by}^addiⁿ^g^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^S^.^{155. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^108]^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^S^.^{155 an}^{d H}^.^R^.^1279.
^l^u^eⁿ^ced^an^d^R^ack^{eteer In}^f^l^u^eⁿ^{ced an}^{d C}^o^rru^p^t^certain^crim^es^th^{at w}^o^u^l^{d h}^a^v^e^been^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^808]

^r^upt^O^r^gaⁿⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{ns (}^R^I^C^O⁾^,^d^e^fi^ne^sⁱⁿ^clu^d^ed^w^ithⁱⁿ^th^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^h^a^d^th^ey
^ga^niza^tions^r^a^cketeer^{ing activity}^as^(A^{) an}^y^actⁿ^o^{t b}^een^co^m^m^ittedⁱⁿ^Iⁿ^dⁱ^an^Co^uⁿ^t^r^y
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^o^r^th^r^{eat in}^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^m^u^r^d^er^,^{or s}^o^m^e^oth^e^{r area of}^ex^clu^s^iv^{e f}^e^deral
^e^r^a^l^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^ga^m^b^lⁱ^ng,^a^r^so^n,^j^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^.
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^robbery^{, bri}^b^ery^,^ex^t^o^rtⁱ^oⁿ^,^dealⁱⁿ^g
ⁱⁿ^o^b^s^cen^{e m}^a^tter^,^o^r^d^ealin^gⁱⁿ^A^m^en^ds^{§1961(1)(B) by}^addiⁿ^g^§1123

CRS-19
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^su^b^s^tan^{ces w}^h^ich^ar^e⁽^r^elatin^g^to^m^u^ltip^{le in}^ter^s^{tate m}^u^r^d^er⁾
^ch^arg^{eable u}ⁿ^d^{er s}^t^{ate law}^an^d^to^th^{e list o}^f^cr^im^{es th}^{at ar}^{e in}^dⁱ^ctab^le
^puⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^byⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^uⁿ^d^er^Ch^ap^ter⁹⁶^o^f^T^{itle 1}⁸⁽^R^I^C^O)^.
^m^o^{re th}^an^on^{e y}^{ear; (B}^{) an}^y^act^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(d)]
^w^h^ich^{is in}^dⁱ^ctab^{le u}ⁿ^d^er^cer^tain
^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es p}^r^o^v^id^ed^f^o^r^uⁿ^d^er^T^itle
^18.
^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1151 def}ⁱⁿ^e^s^Indi^an
^count^r^y^{as all lan}^d^w^ithⁱⁿ^th^{e lim}^its
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^of^an^y^In^dian^res^e^rv^ation^uⁿ^d^{er th}^e^j^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^o^f^th^{e Un}^ited^States
^g/w^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^,^a^l^l^d^e^p^e^nd^eⁿ^t^Iⁿ^dⁱ^aⁿ
^s^.or^co^m^m^uⁿ^{ities w}^ithⁱⁿ^th^{e b}^o^r^d^e^r^s^o^f
^le^ak^th^{e Un}^{ited States}^{, an}^{d all In}^dian
^allo^tm^en^ts.
^://wiki
^h^ttp^g^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2119 def}ⁱⁿ^e^s^carj^ackⁱⁿ^g^as^takⁱⁿ^g^{a car f}^r^om^s^o^m^e^on^{e by}^A^m^en^ds^{§2119 by}^s^t^ri^kⁱⁿ^g^t^h^e^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{t th}^{at in}^th^{e co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^o^f^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^(S^{ee S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^103(a),^abov^e)^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^(S^{ee S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^803(a),^abov^e)

^e^r^a^l^f^o^{rce an}^{d v}ⁱ^olen^{ce or in}^tim^idation^th^{e crim}^{e of}^carj^ackⁱⁿ^g^th^{ere m}^u^s^t^be
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^w^ith^th^{e in}^ten^t^to^cau^{se d}^eath^o^rⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^cau^{se d}^eath^o^r^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ily
^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^y^h^a^rm^{. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^e^h^a^rm^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(e)]
^f^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: (}¹⁾^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e
^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^o^r^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
ⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{15 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;⁽²⁾
^if^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^o^ccu^r^s^{, a}
^fi^ne^,ⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^m^e^nt^fo^r^no^t^m^o^r^e
^t^h^an^{25 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;^an^{d (3) i}^f
^death^occu^rs^{, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^or
ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^yⁿ^u^m^{ber of}

CRS-20
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^y^ears^u^p^t^o^lⁱ^f^{e, or bot}^h^,^or
^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ced to death}^.
^pir^a^c^y^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{371 prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^atⁱ^f^t^w^o^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^m^en^ds^{§371 t}^oⁱⁿ^creas^{e t}^h^{e pen}^a^l^t^y^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^{or m}^o^{re pers}^on^s^con^s^pi^{re ei}^t^h^{er t}^o^t^o^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^ofⁿ^o^t^m^o^re^803(d)]
^e^r^a^l^com^m^{it an}^y^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e ag}^ain^s^{t th}^e^t^h^an^{20 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^Uⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^{, or t}^o^def^r^au^{d t}^h^e^103(d)]
^Un^{ited States}^{, or an}^y^ag^en^cy
^th^ereofⁱⁿ^an^y^m^aⁿⁿ^e^{r or f}^o^{r an}^y
^pu^rpos^{e, each}^s^h^{all be f}ⁱⁿ^e^{d u}ⁿ^d^er
^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^edⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^fⁱ^v^e^y^ears^,^{or bot}^h^.
^g/w^I^f^,^ho^w^e^ve^r^,^t^h^e^o^ffe^nse^,^t^h^e
^s^.or^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^w^hⁱ^c^hⁱ^s^t^h^{e obj}^ect
^le^ak^of^th^{e con}^s^piracy^{, is}^a^mⁱ^s^d^em^ean^{or on}^ly^{, th}^{e pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^m^eⁿ^t
^://wiki^f^o^{r s}^u^ch^con^s^piracy^s^h^{all n}^o^t^ex^{ceed th}^{e m}^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^puⁿⁱ^s^h^m^eⁿ^t
^h^ttp^prov^{ided f}^o^{r s}^u^ch^mⁱ^s^d^em^ean^or.
^uⁿ^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^924(h⁾^provⁱ^d^es^A^m^en^ds^§924(h⁾^t^o^{add an}^y^oⁿ^e^w^h^o^A^m^en^ds^§924(h⁾^sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^rl^y^t^o^S^.^155,^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^H^.^R^.^{1279, ex}^cept^t^h^e
^sf^ers^p^eⁿ^a^{lties o}^fⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an¹⁰^kno^wⁱ^ngl^y^t^r^aⁿ^sfe^r^{s a}^fi^r^e^a^r^m^kno^wⁱ^ng^e^x^c^e^p^tⁱⁿ^c^l^ud^e^s^l^a^ngua^ge^t^h^a^t^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^s^p^eⁿ^a^lty^{is, in}^ad^d^itioⁿ^to^th^{e f}ⁱⁿ^e^,
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^y^ears^’ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or}^th^{at it w}^{ill b}^e^u^s^ed^to^co^m^m^{it, o}^r^th^{at w}^h^o^e^v^e^rⁱⁿ^{, o}^r^a^ffectin^g^,ⁱⁿ^tersta^t^e^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
^e^r^a^l^b^o^t^h,^fo^r^aⁿ^y^o^ne^w^h^o^kno^wⁱ^ngl^y^pos^s^e^s^s^e^{d i}ⁿ^f^u^r^t^her^{ance of}^,^{a crim}^{e of}^or^f^o^r^eⁱ^{gn com}^m^e^r^c^e^kno^wⁱ^ngl^y^y^ears^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^803(b)]

ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^tran^s^f^ers^{a f}ⁱ^rearm^f^o^{r u}^s^{e in}^th^e^vⁱ^olen^{ce or dru}^g^traf^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^crim^e.^tran^s^f^ers^{a f}ⁱ^rearm^;^an^{d prov}^ides
^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{or f}^u^rt^h^e^ran^{ce of}^a^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(f⁾^]^p^e^na^ltie^{s fo}^r^ille^ga^{l gun tr}^aⁿ^sfe^r^{s tha}^t
^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce or dru}^g^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^at^t^h^{e i}ⁿ^di^vⁱ^du^al^{be f}ⁱⁿ^e^d^and
^t^r^a^ffi^c^kⁱ^ng.^im^p^r^isoⁿ^edⁿ^o^{t less th}^an⁵^y^ear^{s, an}^d
ⁿ^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an^{20 y}^ears^.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^103(b)]

CRS-21
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^ecial^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3582(d) perm}ⁱ^t^s^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{§3582 by}^perm^ittin^g^th^{at an}^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^am^en^ds^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^t^en^cin^g^co^u^r^{ts to}^im^p^o^s^{e o}ⁿ^d^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{ts, at}^o^r^d^e^r^to^lim^{it cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al asso}^ciatioⁿ^o^f^{§3582 on}^s^p^eci^al^s^eⁿ^t^en^ciⁿ^g^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^803(c)]
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^s^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g^,^w^h^{o are con}^vⁱ^{cted of}^a^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^z^e^d^aⁿ^d^d^r^{ug o}^ffe^nd^e^r^{s c}^o^ul^d^b^e^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^r^e^latin^g^to^cr^imⁱⁿ^al
^e^r^a^l^fe^l^o^ny^und^e^r^Cha^p^t^e^r⁹⁵ⁱⁿ^clu^d^{ed by}^th^{e cou}^r^{t w}^h^en^im^posⁱⁿ^g^asso^ciatioⁿ^,^b^u^{t in}^clu^d^{es th}^e
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^(R^ack^eteerin^g⁾^{or C}^h^{apter 96}ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^s^eⁿ^t^en^ces^onⁱⁿ^di^vⁱ^du^al^s^def^eⁿ^d^an^ts^’^attorn^ey^s^am^on^g^th^os^e
⁽^R^I^C^O)^{, an}^o^r^d^e^r^to^lim^{it cr}^imⁱⁿ^al^con^vⁱ^ct^{ed u}ⁿ^d^{er §521(cri}^mⁱⁿ^al^s^t^reet^w^h^{o m}^a^y^{be i}ⁿ^cl^u^d^{ed on}^t^h^{e “}ⁿ^o
^as^s^o^ciation^of^org^aⁿⁱ^{zed crim}^{e an}^d^g^aⁿ^g^s^{) or §522 (v}ⁱ^o^l^eⁿ^t^cri^m^esⁱⁿ^con^t^act^{” l}ⁱ^s^t^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^103(c)]
^d^r^{ug o}^ffe^nd^e^r^s,^w^hⁱ^c^{h i}^sⁱⁿ^t^e^nd^e^d^f^u^rth^e^ran^{ce or in}^{aid of}^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^reet
^{to k}^{eep def}^eⁿ^d^an^ts^f^r^om^g^aⁿ^g^s⁾^cr^eated^b^y^th^{e b}^{ill, so}^th^at
^a^sso^cⁱ^a^tⁱ^{ng o}^r^c^o^m^m^uni^c^a^tⁱ^{ng w}ⁱ^t^h^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^def^eⁿ^d^an^ts^als^o
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^cer^tain^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{s w}^h^{ile in}^p^r^isoⁿ^,^becau^s^e^th^{at m}ⁱ^g^h^t^en^{able a}^cou^l^{d be proh}ⁱ^bⁱ^t^e^{d f}^r^om^as^s^o^ci^atⁱⁿ^g^o^r^c^o^m^m^uni^c^a^tⁱ^{ng w}ⁱ^t^h^aⁿ^y
^g/w^d^e^fe^nd^aⁿ^t^t^o^c^o^nt^r^o^l^,^m^a^na^ge^,ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vi^d^u^a^l^{s w}^h^o^a^l^so^mⁱ^ght^he^l^p^suc^h
^s^.or^{direct, f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^{ce or oth}^e^rw^is^e^def^eⁿ^d^an^{t ru}ⁿ^{a crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g
^le^ak^p^a^r^ticip^{ate in}^an^illeg^a^{l en}^ter^p^rⁱ^se^f^r^om^pri^s^on^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(g⁾^]
^f^r^om^pri^s^on^.
^://wiki
^h^ttp^ming^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3663 perm}ⁱ^t^s^t^h^{e cou}^r^t^,^Mak^e^s^{a con}^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^am^en^dm^en^{t to}^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^S^.^{155. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^101(b)]^I^den^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ
^e^ndmeⁿ^{t on}^w^h^en^s^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g^{a def}^eⁿ^d^an^{t, to}^{§3663 to replace th}^{e ref}^e^ren^ces^to^803(b)]

^de^r^s^of^{order t}^h^at^t^h^{e def}^eⁿ^d^an^t^m^a^k^e^C^h^apt^e^rs^{46 an}^{d 96 an}^{d i}ⁿ^s^e^rt^s^t^h^e
^it^ut^ion^r^e^stitu^tioⁿ^to^an^y^vⁱ^ctim^o^f^su^chⁿ^e^w^“^{§521 (C}^ri^mⁱⁿ^a^l^S^t^reet^G^aⁿ^g^s^),
^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e, o}^r^if^th^{e v}ⁱ^ctim^is^uⁿ^d^{er C}^h^apt^e^{r 46 or 96,” s}^o^t^h^at^orders
^e^r^a^l^deceas^{ed, to th}^{e v}ⁱ^ctim^’^s^es^{tate, in}^o^f^r^e^stitu^tioⁿⁱⁿ^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al str}^{eet g}^aⁿ^g
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^mⁱ^s^d^em^ean^{or cas}^es^{. §3663(c)(4)}^cas^es^m^u^s^t^yⁱ^{eld to g}^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t
^p^r^o^h^ib^{its th}^{e co}^u^r^{t f}^r^o^m^m^a^kⁱⁿ^g^an^f^o^r^f^eitu^r^eⁱⁿ^ter^e^{sts u}ⁿ^d^er^Ch^ap^ter⁴⁶^o^r
^aw^{ard in}^cas^es^w^h^en^th^{ere is}ⁿ^o^{96. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(h⁾^]
^iden^tif^{iable v}ⁱ^ctim^an^{d s}^u^ch^an
^aw^{ard w}^o^u^l^{d in}^terf^{ere w}^ith^a
^f^o^rf^ei^t^u^{re u}ⁿ^d^{er C}^h^apt^e^{r 46}
^(F^orf^eⁱ^t^u^{re) or C}^h^apt^e^{r 96 (R}^IC^O)

CRS-22
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^o^f^T^{itle 1}⁸^.
^ecial^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3559(e) prov}ⁱ^d^es^a^P^r^ov^ides^{a s}^p^{ecial prov}^is^ion^f^o^{r In}^dian^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^is^ions^for^maⁿ^d^a^t^o^r^{y mi}ⁿⁱ^mu^{m l}ⁱ^f^e^c^o^unt^r^y^r^e^q^uⁱ^rⁱ^{ng t}^h^a^t^no^p^e^r^s^oⁿ
ⁿ^Countr^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^p^eⁿ^a^lty^f^o^r^r^e^p^eated^su^b^j^{ect to}^th^{e cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al j}^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^o^f
^se^xua^l^o^ffe^nse^s^a^g^aⁱ^nst^c^hⁱ^l^d^r^e^n.^aⁿ^Iⁿ^dⁱ^aⁿ^t^rⁱ^b^a^l^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^w^o^ul^d^b^e
^s^u^bj^ect^t^o^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3559(e) f}^o^{r an}^y
^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e f}^o^r^w^h^ich^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l j}^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ
^is^s^o^lely^{predicated on}^In^dian^couⁿ^t^ry
^an^d^w^h^ich^o^ccu^r^s^w^ithⁱⁿ^th^e
^bouⁿ^d^aries^of^s^u^ch^In^dian^couⁿ^t^ry
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^uⁿ^l^es^s^t^h^{e g}^o^v^e^rnⁱⁿ^g^body^of^s^u^ch
^g/w^In^dian^{tribe elects}^{to s}^u^bj^{ect pers}^on^s
^s^.or^uⁿ^d^er^th^{e cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al j}^u^rⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ^o^f^th^e
^le^ak^t^rⁱ^b^{e prov}ⁱ^d^{ed i}ⁿ^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3559(e).
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105(I)]
^://wiki^na^ltie^s^For^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1958 s}^p^eci^fⁱ^es^t^h^atⁱ^tⁱ^s^A^m^en^ds^{§1958 t}^o^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^at^A^m^en^ds^{§1958 t}^o^m^a^k^eⁱ^t^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^t^o^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^H^.^R^.^{1279, ex}^cept^t^h^e
^h^ttp^e^{of I}ⁿ^te^r^s^ta^te^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l f}^o^{r an}^y^oⁿ^e^{to trav}^{el in}^{, or}ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als f}^o^uⁿ^d^g^u^ilty^uⁿ^d^er^th^is^trav^{el or cau}^s^e^an^oth^e^{r to trav}^{el w}^ith^p^eⁿ^a^{lties d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^{as f}^o^llo^w^s^{: (}²⁾^if^th^e
^c^e^c^a^u^se^aⁿ^o^t^he^r⁽ⁱ^nc^l^u^dⁱ^{ng t}^h^e^sectioⁿ^m^a^y^b^e^{: (}¹⁾^fⁱⁿ^e^d^uⁿ^d^er^T^itle^th^{e in}^ten^t^to^co^m^m^{it an}^o^t^h^e^r^cr^im^{e o}^f^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce is}^kⁱ^dn^appin^g^,
^{ies in t}^h^eⁱⁿ^ten^d^ed^vⁱ^ctim⁾^to^tr^av^{el in}¹⁸^and^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^b^e^im^p^r^isoⁿ^ed^f^o^r^vⁱ^olen^{ce th}^{at is}^{a f}^e^lon^y^{. R}^e^qu^ires^th^at^ag^g^r^av^{ated s}^e^x^u^a^{l abu}^s^{e, m}^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^or
^sⁱ^{on of}ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce, o}^rⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{20 y}^ears^;^{(2) i}^f^pers^on^al^d^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{ts b}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^d^an^dⁱⁿ^ad^d^itioⁿ^con^s^piracy^{to com}^m^{it s}^u^ch^crim^es^of
^r^d^e^r^-For^-Hir^e^u^s^{e or cau}^s^e^an^oth^e^{r to u}^s^{e th}^{e m}^a^ilⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^r^e^su^{lts, f}ⁱⁿ^e^d^an^d^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^b^e^su^b^j^{ect to}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{as f}^o^llo^w^s^:^vⁱ^olen^{ce, im}^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^term
^r^o^r^an^y^f^acility^o^fⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^im^p^r^isoⁿ^ed^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an³⁰^y^ear^s,^{(1) if}^th^{e crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce or}^{or y}^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e; (3) if}^th^{e crim}^{e of}
^lony^Cr^ime^s^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce, w}^ith^th^{e in}^ten^t^an^d⁽³⁾^if^d^eath^r^e^su^{lts, f}ⁱⁿ^e^dⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^con^s^piracy^res^u^ltsⁱⁿ^death^,^s^eⁿ^t^en^ced^vⁱ^olen^{ce is}^an^as^s^a^u^{lt, or con}^s^piracy^to
ⁱ^oleⁿ^c^e^t^o^com^mⁱ^t^m^u^rder-^f^o^r-^hⁱ^{re an}^d^t^h^an^{$250,000 an}^{d requ}ⁱ^r^{ed t}^o^be^to^d^eath^o^r^lif^{e in}^p^r^isoⁿ^{; (}²⁾^if^th^e^co^m^m^{it assau}^{lt, th}^{at r}^e^su^{lts in}^serⁱ^o^u^s
^o^t^he^r^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^fe^l^oⁿⁱ^e^s^-fo^r^-^hi^r^e^puⁿⁱ^s^h^{ed by}^deat^h^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^{ed f}^o^r^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce is}^kⁱ^dn^appin^g^,^b^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, im}^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^t
^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^s^{. P}^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^an^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e, or bot}^h^.^ag^g^r^av^{ated s}^e^x^u^a^{l abu}^s^{e, m}^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^or^m^o^{re th}^an^{30 y}^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e; an}^{d (4)}
^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^s^ar^{e (}¹⁾^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^itle^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^106]^con^s^piracy^{to com}^m^{it s}^u^ch^crim^es^ofⁱⁿ^an^y^oth^e^{r cas}^{e, im}^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^{18 or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r n}^o^t^m^o^re^vⁱ^olen^{ce, im}^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r lif}^{e or an}^yⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{20 y}^ears^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^804]

CRS-23
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^t^h^an^{10 y}^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;^{(2) i}^f^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an³⁰^;⁽³⁾^if
^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{al in}^j^u^r^y^r^e^su^{lts, th}^e^th^{e crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce is}^an^as^s^a^u^{lt, or}
^def^eⁿ^d^an^tⁱ^s^requⁱ^r^{ed t}^o^{be f}ⁱⁿ^e^{d or}^coⁿ^s^pⁱ^r^acy^to^co^m^m^{it assau}^{lt, th}^at
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^ed^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰^r^e^su^{lts in}^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^,
^y^ears^,^{or bot}^h^;^{(3) i}^f^deat^h^res^u^l^t^s^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^lif^{e o}^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f
^th^{e d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{t is r}^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^b^e^y^earsⁿ^o^{t les}^s^th^an^{20; an}^{d (4) in}^an^y
^puⁿⁱ^s^h^{ed by}^deat^h^{or l}ⁱ^f^e^ot^h^e^{r cas}^{e, i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e or f}^o^r
ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{, or be f}ⁱⁿ^e^{d n}^o^t^m^o^re^an^y^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an¹⁰^.
^t^h^an^{$250,000, or bot}^h^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^104]
^na^ltie^s^For^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1959(a) prov}ⁱ^d^es^A^m^en^ds^{§1959 m}^a^kⁱⁿ^gⁱ^t^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^l^f^o^r^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^adds^t^h^atⁱ^tⁱ^s^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^H^.^R^.^{1279, ex}^cept^requⁱ^r^es^,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^l^en^t^Crimes^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^w^h^o^m^ev^er^{, as}^an^y^pers^on^w^h^{o, f}^o^{r th}^{e receipt of}^{, or}^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l to}^cons^pi^r^e^to^co^m^m^{it o}^rⁱⁿ^ad^d^itioⁿ^to^th^{e f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, th}^{e f}^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g
^g/wⁱ^{d of}^con^s^ideration^f^o^{r th}^{e receipt of}^{, or}^as^con^s^ideration^f^o^{r a prom}^is^{e or}^th^r^eaten^o^r^attem^p^{t to}^co^m^m^{it a cr}^im^e^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: (}²⁾^if^th^{e cr}^im^{e o}^f^vⁱ^o^l^en^ce
^s^.or^eerin^g^as^con^s^ideration^f^o^{r a prom}^is^{e or}^ag^reem^en^{t to pay}^,^{to en}^g^a^g^eⁱⁿ^of^vⁱ^ol^en^{ce f}^o^{r an}^y^t^y^{pe of}ⁱ^s^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^a^ggr^a^v^a^t^e^d^se^xua^l
^le^ak^tⁱ^vⁱ^t^y^ag^reem^en^{t to pay}^,^an^y^t^hⁱⁿ^g^of^rack^eteerin^g^activ^ityⁱⁿ^f^u^r^t^her^{ance or}^con^s^ideration^{or pay}^f^r^om^an^y^ab^u^s^{e, as d}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^dⁱⁿ^th^{e b}^{ill, o}^r
^pecuⁿⁱ^ary^v^a^lu^{e f}^r^om^an^en^terpris^eⁱⁿ^ai^{d of}^{an ent}^e^r^p^rⁱ^s^e^{engaged i}ⁿ^en^terpris^eⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^{ed in}^rack^eteerin^g^.^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^o^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f
^://wiki^en^g^a^g^e^{d in}^rack^eteerin^g^activ^ity^{, or}^r^a^cketeer^{ing activity}^,^c^o^mmi^t^s^mu^r^d^e^r^,^Req^u^ir^{es in}^cr^eased^p^eⁿ^a^{lties th}^at^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e; (3) if}^th^{e crim}^{e of}
^h^ttp^f^o^{r th}^{e pu}^rpos^{e of}^g^aⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^en^tran^ce^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^m^aⁱ^mⁱ^ng,^a^ssa^ul^t^,^o^r^o^t^he^r^s^u^bj^{ect th}^os^{e con}^vⁱ^{cted to a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^vⁱ^o^l^en^{ce is assau}^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^s
^to^o^r^m^aⁱⁿ^tainⁱⁿ^g^o^rⁱⁿ^cr^easin^g^s^p^ecifⁱ^{ed v}ⁱ^olen^{t crim}^es^{. A}^dds^s^exual^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^uⁿ^l^{ess th}^{e d}^eath^p^eⁿ^a^lty^is^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^{, def}ⁱⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^p^o^s^itioⁿⁱⁿ^an^en^ter^p^rⁱ^{se en}^g^a^g^e^dⁱⁿ^as^s^aul^t^to^th^{e list o}^f^vⁱ^o^l^en^{t cr}^im^es^im^p^o^s^ed^{. Req}^u^ir^{es, in}^ad^d^itioⁿ^to^th^e^{1365, i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r n}^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an
^rack^eteerin^g^activ^ity^{, an}^{d as}^{part of}^uⁿ^d^er^th^{is su}^b^s^ectioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es th}^at^fⁱⁿ^e^{, th}^{e f}^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: (}¹⁾^if^th^e^{30 y}^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e; an}^{d (4) in}^an^y
^th^{at activ}^ity^m^u^r^d^er^{s, k}ⁱ^dⁿ^ap^s,^th^{e p}^eⁿ^a^{lties p}^r^o^v^id^ed^b^y^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce res}^u^ltsⁱⁿ^death^of^ot^h^e^{r cas}^{e, i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r n}^o^t^m^o^re
^m^a^im^{s, assau}^{lts w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^o^f^th^{e b}^{ill ar}^eⁱⁿ^addi^tⁱ^{on and}^an^y^pers^on^{, th}^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce is}^death^or^t^h^an^{20 y}^ears^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^805]

^w^eap^oⁿ^{, co}^m^m^{its assau}^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^g^cons^ecutⁱ^{ve t}^o^t^h^{e puni}^s^h^m^e^nt^s^lif^{e in}^p^r^isoⁿ^{; (}²⁾^if^th^{e cr}^im^{e o}^f
ⁱⁿ^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^u^pon^an^y^pr^ovi^d^{ed f}^o^r^{any ot}^her^vi^ol^atⁱ^{on i}ⁿ^t^hⁱ^s^vⁱ^olen^{ce is}^kⁱ^dn^appin^g^,^ag^g^r^av^ated
ⁱⁿ^divⁱ^du^{al, or th}^reaten^s^{to com}^m^{it a}^C^hapt^er^(C^h^a^{pter 95, R}^ack^eteerin^g⁾^.^sex^u^a^{l ab}^u^s^{e, as d}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^dⁱⁿ^th^{e b}^{ill, o}^r
^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce ag}^ain^s^{t an}^y^Iⁿ^cr^{eases th}^{e p}^eⁿ^a^{lties to}^{: (}¹⁾^f^o^r^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^th^{e sen}^t^en^{ce is lif}^e
ⁱⁿ^di^vⁱ^du^alⁱⁿ^vⁱ^ol^atⁱ^oⁿ^of^s^t^at^{e or}^m^u^{rder, by}^deat^h^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{or an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^earsⁿ^o^t
^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l law}^s^{. P}^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^an^y^term^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or}^{less th}^an³⁰^;⁽³⁾^if^th^{e cr}^im^{e o}^f
^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^are:^{(1) f}^o^{r m}^u^{rder, by}^b^o^t^h;⁽²⁾^fo^r^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^se^xua^l^vⁱ^o^l^en^{ce is assau}^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^s

CRS-24
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^deat^h^{or l}ⁱ^f^{e i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{, or bot}^h^;^assau^{lt, o}^r^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^b^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^{, def}ⁱⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^an^{d f}^o^{r k}ⁱ^dn^appiⁿ^g^,^by^f^o^{r an}^y^term^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^,^{1365, i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e or f}^o^{r an}^y
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^s^{or bot}^h^;^{(3) f}^o^{r as}^s^a^u^l^t^wⁱ^t^h^a^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an²⁰^;^an^d⁽⁴⁾
^{or f}^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;^{(2) f}^o^r^d^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^w^eap^oⁿ^o^r^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^an^y^oth^e^{r cas}^{e, im}^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^tⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, o}^r^f^o^r^lif^{e o}^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an
^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{30 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;^a^t^t^e^m^p^tⁱ^{ng o}^r^c^o^nspⁱ^rⁱ^{ng t}^o^c^o^m^mⁱ^t^10.
⁽³⁾^f^o^r^assau^{lt w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^m^u^r^d^e^r^,^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^m^aⁱ^mⁱ^ng,^o^r^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105]
^w^eap^oⁿ^o^r^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^sex^u^a^{l assau}^{lt, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^,ⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{30 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰^{(4) f}^o^{r th}^reatenⁱⁿ^g^{to com}^m^{it a crim}^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^y^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or both}^;⁽⁴⁾^th^reatenⁱⁿ^g^{to com}^m^{it a crim}^{e of}^of^vⁱ^ol^en^{ce, by}ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r n}^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{10 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;
^g/w^vⁱ^ol^en^{ce, i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r n}^o^t^aⁿ^d⁽⁵⁾^fo^r^a^t^t^e^m^p^tⁱ^{ng o}^r^c^o^nspⁱ^rⁱ^{ng t}^o
^s^.or^m^o^{re th}^an^fⁱ^v^e^y^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or}^co^m^m^{it assau}^{lt w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s
^le^ak^b^o^t^h;⁽⁵⁾^a^t^t^e^m^p^tⁱ^{ng o}^r^c^o^nspⁱ^rⁱ^ng^w^eapon^{or as}^s^a^u^l^t^w^hⁱ^c^h^w^o^u^l^{d res}^u^l^t
^t^o^com^mⁱ^t^m^u^{rder or k}ⁱ^dn^appiⁿ^g^,ⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, b}^y
^://wiki^b^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
^h^ttp^{10 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^;^an^{d (6) f}^o^r^y^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or both}^.
^a^t^t^e^m^p^tⁱ^{ng o}^r^c^o^nspⁱ^rⁱ^{ng t}^o^c^o^m^mⁱ^t^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^107]
^a^c^rⁱ^m^eⁱ^nvo^l^vⁱ^{ng m}^aⁱ^mⁱ^ng,^a^ssa^ul^t
^wⁱ^t^h^{a dan}^g^e^rou^s^w^eapon^{or as}^s^a^u^l^t
^r^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^,
^b^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an
^th^{ree y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or both}^.
^A^d^d^s^a^ne^w^se^c^tⁱ^o^{n r}^e^ga^r^dⁱ^{ng ve}^nue^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^r^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^g^th^{at p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^f^o^r^a^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^805]

^vi^o^l^a^tⁱ^o^{n und}^e^r^t^hⁱ^s^se^c^tⁱ^o^{n w}^o^ul^d
^p^e^r^mⁱ^t^t^h^e^c^a^s^e^t^o^b^e^b^r^o^ughtⁱⁿ^t^h^e
^j^u^{dicial dis}^t^{rict in}^w^h^ich^th^{e crim}^{e of}

CRS-25
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^vⁱ^olen^{ce occu}^{rred, or in}^an^y^j^u^dicial
^dis^t^{rict in}^w^h^ich^rack^eteerin^g^activ^ity
^of^th^{e en}^terpris^e^occu^rred.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^105]
^rd^{er an}^d^{21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{841 et}^s^e^{q. def}ⁱⁿ^e^s^A^m^en^d^s^P^a^r^t^{D o}^f^th^{e Co}ⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^requⁱ^r^es^t^h^at^,^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^806]

^r^Vⁱ^oleⁿ^t^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l acts an}^d^p^eⁿ^a^{lties r}^e^lated^S^u^bs^t^aⁿ^ces^A^c^t^{(21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{841 et}^s^e^q.)^f^o^r^co^m^m^ittin^g^vⁱ^o^l^en^{t cr}^im^{es d}^u^rⁱⁿ^g
^t^o^d^r^{ug t}^r^a^ffi^c^kⁱ^{ng o}^ffe^nse^s^.^b^y^a^d^dⁱ^{ng a}^ne^w^se^c^tⁱ^o^{n o}ⁿ^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^an^dⁱⁿ^r^e^latioⁿ^to^{a d}^r^u^g^tr^af^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g
^cr^im^{es co}^m^m^itted^d^u^rⁱⁿ^g^an^dⁱⁿ^crim^{e, def}^eⁿ^d^an^ts^{be s}^u^bj^{ect to a f}ⁱⁿ^e
ⁱ^{ng a}^{nd in}^r^e^latioⁿ^to^{a d}^r^u^g^tr^af^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^cr^im^e.^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^uⁿ^l^{ess th}^{e d}^eath^p^eⁿ^a^lty
^la^{tion to a}^R^e^quⁱ^r^es^t^h^at^an^y^pers^on^{, w}^h^{o du}^riⁿ^g^{is im}^p^o^s^ed^{. Estab}^lish^e^{s in}^cr^eased
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^g^T^r^af^fⁱ^ckin^g^an^dⁱⁿ^r^e^latioⁿ^to^an^y^d^r^u^g^tr^af^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^cr^im^{es th}^{at r}^e^q^u^ir^e
^g/w^crim^{e, com}^m^its^{, con}^s^pires^{to com}^m^it,^{(1) if}^th^{e crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce res}^u^ltsⁱⁿ
^s^.or^{or th}^reaten^s^{to com}^m^{it m}^u^rder,^deat^h^of^an^y^pers^on^{, by}^deat^h^{or l}ⁱ^f^{e i}ⁿ
^le^ak^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^se^xua^l^a^ssa^ul^t^,^m^aⁱ^mⁱ^ng,^p^r^isoⁿ^{; (}²⁾^if^th^{e cr}^im^{e o}^f^vⁱ^o^l^en^{ce is}
^assau^{lt w}^ith^{a d}^aⁿ^g^e^r^o^u^s^w^eap^oⁿ^,^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^a^ggr^a^v^a^t^e^d^se^xua^l^a^b^use
^://wiki^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ily⁽^a^{s d}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^dⁱⁿ^th^{e b}^ill)^{, o}^r^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,
^h^ttpⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^{, an}^y^oth^e^{r crim}^{e or th}^{reat to}^by^lⁱ^f^{e i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^{or an}^y^t^e^rm^of
^com^m^{it a crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce ag}^ain^s^t^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an³⁰^;⁽³⁾^if^th^{e cr}^im^e
^an^yⁱⁿ^di^vⁱ^du^al^{, or at}^t^e^m^p^t^s^or^o^f^vⁱ^o^l^en^{ce is assau}^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ
^con^s^pi^res^t^o^{do s}^o^{, i}^s^s^u^bj^ect^t^o^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y⁽^d^efⁱⁿ^edⁱⁿ¹⁸
^p^eⁿ^a^{lties, in}^ad^d^itioⁿ^an^d^coⁿ^s^ecu^tiv^e,^U^.^S^.^C^.^{1365), by}ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^e
^to^an^y^p^eⁿ^a^{lties im}^p^o^s^ed^f^o^r^th^{e d}^r^u^g^o^r^f^o^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an
^tr^af^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^cr^im^{e. Su}^ch^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l^{20; an}^{d (4) in}^an^y^oth^e^{r cas}^{e, by}
^p^eⁿ^a^{lties in}^clu^d^{e (}¹⁾^f^o^r^m^u^r^d^er^{, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^lif^{e o}^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f
^deat^h^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an¹⁰^.
^y^ear^{s o}^r^f^o^r^lif^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^106]
^{or bot}^h^;^{(2) i}ⁿ^t^h^{e cas}^{e of}^kⁱ^dn^appiⁿ^g
^o^r^sex^u^a^{l assau}^{lt, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^an^y^term^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e

CRS-26
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r^b^o^t^h^;⁽³⁾^f^o^r
^m^a^imⁱⁿ^g^,^b^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r^an^y
^term^of^y^ears^{or f}^o^{r lif}^{e, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er
^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r^b^o^t^h^;⁽⁴⁾ⁱⁿ^th^{e case o}^f
^as^s^a^u^l^t^wⁱ^t^h^{a dan}^g^e^rou^s^w^eapon^or
^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ily
ⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^tⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an
³⁰^y^ear^{s, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r
^b^o^t^h^;⁽⁵⁾ⁱⁿ^th^{e case o}^f^co^m^m^ittin^g^an^y
^oth^e^{r crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce, by}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰^y^ear^{s, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 2}¹^,^o^r^b^o^t^h^;
^g/w^{(6) in}^th^{e cas}^{e of}^th^reatenⁱⁿ^g^to
^s^.or^com^m^{it a crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce s}^p^ecifⁱ^ed,
^le^ak^lⁱ^s^t^e^d^a^b^o^v^e^,ⁱⁿⁱ^t^e^m^s⁽¹⁾^t^h^r^o^{ugh (}⁴⁾^,
^b^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an¹⁰
^://wiki^y^ear^{s, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r^b^o^t^h^;
^h^ttp⁽⁷⁾ⁱⁿ^th^{e case o}^f^attem^p^tin^g^o^r
^con^s^pirin^g^{to com}^m^{it m}^u^rder,
^ki^dⁿ^a^p^pⁱ^ng,^m^aⁱ^mⁱ^ng,^o^r^se^xua^l
^assau^{lt, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e
^th^an³⁰^y^ear^{s, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r
^bot^h^;^an^{d (8) i}ⁿ^cas^{e of}^at^t^e^m^p^tⁱⁿ^g^or
^con^s^pirin^g^{to com}^m^{it a crim}^e
ⁱ^nvo^l^vⁱ^{ng a}^ssa^ul^t^wⁱ^t^h^a^d^a^nge^r^o^us
^w^eap^oⁿ^o^r^assau^{lt r}^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^s
^b^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{, b}^y^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^t
^m^o^r^e^th^an²⁰^y^ear^{s, a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^itle
^{18, or bot}^h^.

CRS-27
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^P^e^r^m^{its p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^f^o^r^{a v}ⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^No^ex^p^{licit p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^oⁿ^ap^p^licab^le^No^ex^p^{licit p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^oⁿ^ap^p^licab^le
^und^e^r^t^hⁱ^s^se^c^tⁱ^o^{n t}^o^b^e^b^r^o^ught^t^o^t^rⁱ^a^l^death^pen^a^lty^procedu^r^es^.^death^pen^a^lty^procedu^r^es^.
ⁱⁿ^th^{e j}^u^dⁱ^{cial d}ⁱ^strⁱ^{ct in}^w^h^ich^th^e
^m^u^{rder or oth}^e^{r crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^ce
^occu^{rred, or in}^an^y^j^u^{dicial dis}^t^{rict in}
^w^h^ich^th^{e dru}^g^traf^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^crim^{e cou}^l^d
^{be pros}^ecu^t^e^d.
^R^e^qu^ires^th^{at a def}^eⁿ^d^an^{t w}^h^{o is}^f^o^uⁿ^d
^g^u^ilty^o^f^an^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e u}ⁿ^d^er^th^{is sectio}ⁿ
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^f^o^{r w}^h^ich^{a death}^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ce is}^prov^ided^{be s}^u^bj^ect^t^o^t^h^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^C^h^apt^e^r
^g/w^{228 of}^T^{itle 18 (Sen}^ten^{ce of}^Death⁾^.
^s^.or
^le^ak^P^r^o^v^id^{es d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^s^o^f⁽¹⁾^cr^{ime of}^A^m^en^ds^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{16(b) t}^oⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e a}^Sim^{ilar to S. 155, u}^s^es^defⁱⁿ^itionⁱⁿ
^violence^to^b^e^th^{e sam}^e^{as th}^{at in}¹⁸^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^cr^{ime of violence}^as^an^y^cu^rren^t^l^a^w^f^o^r^cr^{ime of violence}^{at 18}
^://wiki^U.S.C^.^{16, an}^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e w}^h^{ere an}^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^byⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^U^.^S^.^C^.^{16. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^806]

^h^ttpⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al w}^o^u^l^d^u^s^{e o}^r^attem^p^{t to}^u^s^e^f^o^{r m}^o^{re th}^an^on^{e y}^{ear an}^{d th}^{at, by}^its
^{or th}^reaten^{to u}^s^{e ph}^y^s^{ical f}^o^rceⁿ^a^tu^r^e^{, in}^v^o^lv^{es a su}^b^s^tan^{tial r}ⁱ^sk^th^at
^ag^aiⁿ^s^t^t^h^{e pers}^on^{or propert}^y^of^p^h^y^s^{ical in}^j^u^r^y^m^a^y^r^e^su^{lt to}^th^e
^an^oth^e^{r, or an}^y^oth^e^{r of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e th}^{at is}^a^pers^on^{or propert}^y^of^an^ot^h^e^{r, or i}^s^an
^f^e^loⁿ^y^an^dⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^{es a su}^b^s^tan^{tial r}ⁱ^sk^o^ffe^nse^p^uni^sha^b^l^e^und^e^r
^th^{at ph}^y^s^{ical f}^o^{rce ag}^ain^s^{t th}^{e pers}^on^{§401(b)(1)(A}⁾^{, (B), or (C}^{) of}^t^h^e
^{or propert}^y^of^an^ot^h^e^{r m}^a^y^{be u}^s^{ed i}ⁿ^Coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^t.
^th^{e co}^u^r^{se o}^f^co^m^m^ittin^g^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^e;^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^112]
^an^{d (2)’}^dru^g^traf^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^crim^e’^h^a^s^th^e
^m^e^aⁿⁱ^{ng gi}^ve^{n t}^h^e^t^e^r^mⁱⁿ¹⁸^U^.^S.^C.
^{924(c)(2), an}^y^f^e^l^oⁿ^y^puⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^uⁿ^d^er
^th^{e Co}ⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^{t (}²¹
^U^.^S^.^C^.^{801 et}^s^e^{q.), t}^h^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rol^l^e^d

CRS-28
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^S^u^bs^t^aⁿ^ces^Im^port^an^{d Ex}^port^A^c^t⁽²¹
^U.S.C^.^{951 et s}^e^{q.), or th}^{e Maritim}^e
^Dru^g^L^a^w^En^f^o^rcem^en^{t A}^c^{t (46}
^U^.^S^.^C^.^A^{pp. 1901 et}^s^e^q.).
^In^clu^d^es^{a clerical am}^en^dm^en^{t to add}
^t^h^{e n}^e^w^{§424 t}^o^t^h^{e t}^a^bl^{e of}^con^t^en^t^s
^f^o^r^th^{e Co}ⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^t.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^108]
^sⁱ^gna^{tion of}^N^o^p^r^o^vⁱ^sⁱ^o^n.^Cr^e^a^t^e^s^a^ne^w^d^e^si^gna^tⁱ^o^{n w}^hⁱ^c^h^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^doesⁿ^o^t^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^d^A^ssist^an^ce^au^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l, af}^terⁱⁿ^c^l^ud^e^p^r^o^vⁱ^sⁱ^o^{n r}^e^ga^r^dⁱ^{ng i}ⁿ^st^aⁿ^c^e^s
^g/w^“Hi^g^h^coⁿ^s^u^ltatioⁿ^w^ith^th^{e Go}^v^e^rⁿ^o^r^{s o}^f^w^h^{ere an}^HIGA^A^ov^erlaps^w^ith^an
^s^.or^e^nsit^y^”^appropri^a^t^e^s^t^at^es^{, t}^o^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^t^e^hⁱ^g^h^HIDT^A^.
^le^ak^r^s^ta^te^Ga^ngⁱⁿ^ten^s^ityⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate g}^aⁿ^g^activ^ity^ar^eas
^tⁱ^vⁱ^t^y^Ar^e^a^s^(HIGA^A⁾^th^{at are located w}^ithⁱⁿ^on^e^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}
^://wiki^{or m}^o^{re s}^t^ates^{. If}^HIGA^A^g^o^als^an^d^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^a^l^l^ne^c^e^ssa^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r
^h^ttp^hi^{gh i}ⁿ^t^e^nsi^t^y^d^r^{ug t}^r^a^ffi^c^kⁱ^{ng a}^r^e^a^na^tⁱ^o^na^l^aⁿ^d^r^e^gi^oⁿ^a^l^m^e^e^tⁱ^{ngs o}^f
^(HIDT^A^{) g}^o^als^ov^{erlap in}^an^area,^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^en^f^o^rcem^en^t
^p^e^r^m^{its th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^m^e^r^g^e^team^{s, an}^d^{all o}^t^h^e^r^r^e^lated
^th^{e tw}^{o des}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^tion^s^{to s}^e^rv^{e as}^{a du}^al^org^aⁿⁱ^zation^s^{, as}ⁿ^{eeded, to en}^s^u^re
^p^u^r^p^o^s^{e en}^tity^{. Req}^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^ef^f^ectiv^{e operation}^of^s^u^ch^team^s
^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^coⁿ^s^u^{lt w}^ith^lo^{cal elected}^thr^o^{ugh sha}^r^{ing o}^f^inte^lligeⁿ^c^e^,^b^e^st
^of^fⁱ^cials^of^th^e^practices^{, an}^{d f}^o^{r an}^y^oth^e^{r related}
^com^m^uⁿ^ities^on^th^{e propos}^ed^pu^rpos^es^.
^d^e^si^gna^tⁱ^o^ns.
^In^clu^d^es^th^{e Directorate of}^B^o^{rder an}^d
^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^T^r^an^sp^o^r^tatioⁿ^Secu^r^ity^o^f^th^e
^estab^lish^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al str}^{eet g}^aⁿ^g^Dep^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^Ho^m^e^lan^d^Secu^r^ity^to
^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^s^m^a^{de u}^p^of^f^e^deral,^prov^{ide ag}^en^ts^an^{d of}^fⁱ^cers^,^w^h^ere

CRS-29
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^s^t^{ate, an}^{d local law}^en^f^o^rcem^en^t^f^eas^{ible f}^o^{r th}^{e crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g
^au^th^o^r^{ities to}^co^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^{te th}^e^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^s^.
ⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^,^dⁱ^sr^u^p^tioⁿ^,
^appreh^en^sⁱ^on^{, an}^{d pros}^ecu^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^A^u^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^l,
^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^s^an^{d of}^f^eⁿ^d^ersⁱⁿ^a^c^tⁱ^{ng t}^h^r^o^{ugh t}^h^e^Dⁱ^r^e^c^t^o^r^o^f^t^h^e
^each^HIGA^A^.^R^e^qu^ires^th^{e A}^ttorn^ey^B^u^reau^of^A^l^coh^o^{l, T}^obacco,
^Gen^e^{ral to direct th}^{e reas}^sⁱ^gⁿ^m^en^{t or}^Firearm^s^{, an}^{d Ex}^plos^iv^es^(A^T^F^{), to}
^det^aⁱ^lⁱⁿ^g^f^r^om^an^y^f^e^deral^depart^m^eⁿ^t^hⁱ^{re100 addition}^a^{l in}^s^p^ectors^an^{d 100}
^{or ag}^en^cy^pers^onⁿ^e^{l to each}^crimⁱⁿ^al^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l ag}^en^{ts, an}^d^req^u^{ire th}^{at each}
^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^an^{d prov}^{ide all}ⁱⁿ^s^p^{ector an}^{d ag}^en^{t h}ⁱ^{red be as}^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^d
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^ne^c^e^ssa^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^t^h^e^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^th^{e team}ⁱⁿ^each^HIGA^A^.^to^{a HIGA}^A^.
^g/w^A^u^th^orizes^{: (1) $60 m}^illion^f^o^{r each}
^s^.or^T^o^prov^{ide f}^e^{deral as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to}^of^t^h^{e f}ⁱ^s^cal^y^ears^2006-^{2010 t}^o^carry
^le^ak^HI^GA^A^s^{, r}^e^q^u^ir^{es th}^{e estab}^lish^m^en^{t o}^f^o^u^{t th}^{e HI}^GA^A^s^{; (}²⁾^$⁷^.⁵^m^illioⁿ^f^o^r
^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^en^f^o^rcem^en^t^each^of^th^{e f}ⁱ^s^{cal y}^ears^2006-^{2010 to}
^://wiki^team^s^con^s^is^tin^g^of^ag^en^ts^an^{d of}^fⁱ^cers^car^r^y^o^u^{t th}^{e h}ⁱ^rⁱⁿ^g^o^f⁹⁴^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^h^ttp^f^r^om^th^{e B}^u^reau^of^A^l^coh^o^{l, T}^obacco,^A^ssistaⁿ^{t U.}^S.^A^tto^rⁿ^e^y^{s; a}ⁿ^d⁽³⁾^$²⁰
^Firearm^s^{, an}^{d Ex}^plos^iv^es^(A^T^F^{); th}^e^m^illion^f^o^{r each}^of^fⁱ^s^{cal y}^ears^2006-
^Dep^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^Ho^m^e^lan^d^Secu^r^ity^{2010 t}^o^carry^ou^t^t^h^{e h}ⁱ^riⁿ^g^of¹⁰⁰
^{(DHS); th}^{e Dep}^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^o^f^Ho^u^sⁱⁿ^g^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l in}^sp^ecto^r^{s an}^d¹⁰⁰
^an^d^Urb^aⁿ^Dev^e^lo^p^m^en^{t (HUD); th}^e^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l ag}^en^{ts f}^o^r^A^T^{F. [}^S^ectioⁿ
^Dru^g^En^f^o^rcem^en^{t A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ration^201]

^(DEA^);^t^h^{e In}^t^e^rn^al^R^e^v^eⁿ^u^e^S^e^rvⁱ^c^e
^(IR^S^);^t^h^{e F}^e^deral^Bu^reau^of
^Iⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ⁽^F^B^I⁾^;^th^{e U.S.}
^Mar^s^h^a^l’^{s Ser}^v^{ice (}^U^SMS)^{; th}^{e Un}^ited
^States^P^o^s^t^{al Serv}^{ice (USP}^{S); s}^t^{ate an}^d
^{local law}^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t; an}^{d f}^e^deral,
^s^t^{ate an}^{d local pros}^ecu^tors^.

CRS-30
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^In^con^s^iderin^g^an^{area f}^o^{r HIGA}^A
^d^e^sigⁿ^a^tioⁿ^,^r^e^q^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey
^Gen^e^{ral to con}^s^{ider th}^{e cu}^rren^t^an^d
^p^r^ed^icted^lev^e^{ls o}^f^g^aⁿ^g^cr^im^{e activ}^ity
ⁱⁿ^an^{area; th}^{e ex}^ten^t^{to w}^h^ich^vⁱ^olen^t
^crim^{e in}^th^{e area appears}^{to be related}
^to^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al str}^{eet g}^aⁿ^g^activ^ity^{; th}^e
^ex^ten^t^{to w}^h^ich^s^t^{ate an}^{d local law}
^en^f^o^r^cem^en^{t ag}^en^{cies h}^a^v^e^co^m^m^itted
^r^e^so^u^r^{ces to}^r^e^sp^oⁿ^d^to^th^{e g}^aⁿ^g^cr^im^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^problem^an^{d participate in}^{a g}^aⁿ^g^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^{; th}^{e ex}^ten^t^{to w}^h^ich
^g/w^{a s}ⁱ^gⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^{t in}^creas^{e in}^th^{e allocation}
^s^.or^o^f^fe^d^e^r^a^l^r^e^so^ur^c^e^s^w^o^ul^d^e^nha^nc^e
^le^ak^lo^{cal r}^e^sp^oⁿ^{se to}^g^aⁿ^g^cr^im^{e activ}^ities
ⁱⁿ^th^{e area; an}^{d oth}^e^{r criteria th}^e
^://wiki^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l co}ⁿ^s^id^er^s
^h^ttp^appropri^a^t^e^.
^A^u^t^h^ori^zes^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^$100
^m^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}^o^f^th^{e f}ⁱ^{scal y}^ears
^{2005 t}^o^{2009 f}^o^{r t}^h^{e H}^I^G^A^A^prog^ram^.
^R^e^qu^ires^th^{at am}^ouⁿ^t^s^m^a^{de av}^ailable
ⁱⁿ^each^fⁱ^s^{cal y}^{ear be allocated s}^o^th^at
^{50% is}^u^s^{ed to f}^uⁿ^d^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^reet
^g^aⁿ^g^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^s^,^an^{d 50% is}
^u^s^{ed to m}^a^k^e^g^r^an^ts^av^{ailable f}^o^r
^com^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^-^b^as^{ed prog}^ram^s^t^o^provⁱ^d^e
^crim^{e prev}^en^tion^,^res^earch^{, an}^d
ⁱⁿ^ter^v^en^tioⁿ^ser^v^{ices d}^e^sigⁿ^e^d^f^o^r

CRS-31
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^ga^{ng m}^e^m^b^e^r^{s a}ⁿ^d^a^t^-rⁱ^s^{k y}^o^ut^{h i}ⁿ
^th^es^{e HIGA}^A^s^.
^Th^e^C^ons^olⁱ^dat^{ed Appr}^oprⁱ^a^tⁱ^ons^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^st^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}
^Act^,²⁰⁰⁵^{, P.L}^.^108-^447,^report^t^o^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^by^F^e^bru^a^ry¹^of^estab^lish^{a Natio}ⁿ^a^{l Gan}^g^Iⁿ^tellig^en^ce
^au^th^o^r^ized^th^{e estab}^lish^m^en^{t o}^f^a^each^y^{ear des}^c^ribin^g^each^HIGA^A^C^eⁿ^t^{er to be h}^o^u^s^{ed an}^{d adm}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ered
^Natioⁿ^a^{l Gan}^g^Iⁿ^tellig^en^{ce Cen}^t^er^loⁿ^g^-^ter^m^an^d^sh^o^r^t-^ter^m^g^o^{als an}^d^by^th^{e FB}^{I to collect, an}^aly^{ze, an}^d
^(NGIC⁾^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{ered by}^th^{e FB}^I.^obj^ectiv^es^{; th}^{e m}^eas^u^r^em^en^ts^u^s^{ed to}^dⁱ^ssemⁱⁿ^a^{te g}^aⁿ^g^activ^ityⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ
^T^h^{e NGIC}^is^desⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d to s}^e^rv^{e as}^a^ev^alu^a^{te th}^{e perf}^orm^aⁿ^{ce of}^each^f^r^om^t^h^{e F}^B^{I, an}^{d al}^l^of^t^h^{e f}^e^deral
^“c^l^e^a^rⁱ^ngho^use^”^fo^rⁱⁿ^fo^r^m^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}ⁿ^H^I^G^A^Aⁱⁿ^a^c^hⁱ^e^vi^{ng l}^o^ng-t^e^r^m^aⁿ^d^bu^reau^s^an^{d ag}^en^cies^participatin^gⁱⁿ^a
^g^aⁿ^gⁱⁿ^tellig^en^{ce o}^fⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^{l an}^d^sh^o^r^t-^ter^m^g^o^{als; th}^{e ag}^{e, co}^m^p^o^s^itioⁿ^,^HIGA^A^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}ⁱⁿ^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l sig}ⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^{ce to}^h^e^lp^an^{d m}^e^m^b^ers^h^{ip of}^g^aⁿ^g^s^{; an}^{d th}^e^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^{. R}^e^qu^ires^th^e
^g/w^a^d^d^r^e^{ss t}^h^e^m^o^st^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^ga^ngs^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^th^{e ter}^m^gang^use^d^t^o^Ce^nt^e^r^t^o^a^nnua^l^l^y^sub^mⁱ^t^t^o^Co^ngr^e^s^s
^s^.or^t^h^r^o^ugho^ut^t^h^e^c^o^unt^r^y^.^T^h^e^N^G^I^C^com^pⁱ^l^e^t^h^{e report}^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^110]^{a r}^e^p^o^r^{t o}ⁿ^g^aⁿ^g^activ^ity^.
^le^ak^w^{ill co}^{llect in}^tellig^en^{ce f}^r^o^m^th^e
^FB^{I, A}^T^{F, an}^{d oth}^e^{r af}^f^ected
^://wiki^f^e^deral^ag^en^ci^es^{. P.L}^.^108-⁴⁴⁷^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}
^h^ttp^provⁱ^d^es^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2005 of}^e^s^t^a^b^lⁱ^s^{h na}^tⁱ^o^na^l^aⁿ^d^r^e^gi^oⁿ^a^l^ga^ng
^{$1.754 m}^illion^{to es}^tablis^h^th^e^activ^ity^d^a^tab^a^{ses, w}^ith^f^uⁿ^d^s
^cen^{ter an}^{d prov}^id^es^$8.246^m^illion^au^th^o^r^ized^f^o^r^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^uⁿ^d^er^th^is
^f^o^r^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l ag}^en^{ts, an}^aly^s^{ts, an}^d^s^ection^,^f^o^{r each}^regⁱ^on^w^ith^a
^s^u^pport^s^t^af^f^.^d^e^si^gna^t^e^d^H^I^G^A^A^aⁿ^d^a^na^tⁱ^o^na^l
^d^a^tab^a^{se th}^{at r}^e^p^{licates th}^e
ⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿⁱⁿ^th^{e r}^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^{al d}^a^tab^a^ses.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^201]

CRS-32
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^y^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^u^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^mpaⁱ^{gn A}^bout^con^d^u^c^{t m}^e^{dia cam}^paigⁿ^sⁱⁿ^th^os^e
^Criminal^areas^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^{ted as}^HIGA^A^s^an^{d in}
^ies^th^os^{e areas}^w^ith^ex^is^tin^g^an^{d em}^ergⁱⁿ^g
^ga^{ng p}^r^o^b^l^e^m^{s t}^o^he^l^p^e^d^uc^a^t^e
ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als ab}^o^u^{t ch}^an^g^e^{s to}^th^e
^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al p}^eⁿ^a^{lties m}^a^d^e^b^y^th^{e b}^ill;
^an^d^to^r^e^p^o^r^{t to}^th^{e Co}^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^th^e
^J^u^diciary^of^th^{e Hou}^s^{e of}
^R^e^pres^en^tativ^es^on^th^{e am}^ouⁿ^t^of
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^ex^pen^d^itu^res^an^{d all oth}^e^{r as}^pects^of^t^h^{e m}^e^di^{a cam}^pai^gⁿ^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^116]
^g/w
^s^.or^nc^e^m^eⁿ^{t of}^Proj^ect^S^a^f^e^N^eⁱ^g^h^borh^oods^(PS^N⁾^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^on^PS^N^,^ex^cept^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^on^PS^N^,^ex^cept
^le^ak^j^ect^Saf^e^{is a n}^a^tioⁿ^a^{l p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^d^e^sigⁿ^e^d^to^ex^pan^d^t^h^{e PS}^N^prog^ram^w^hⁱ^l^e^au^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^hⁱ^r^e^au^th^orizes^g^r^an^ts^{to s}^t^{ate an}^{d local}
^ighbor^hoods^r^e^d^u^c^e^{gun c}^rⁱ^m^e^b^y^lⁱ^nki^ng^m^aⁱⁿ^tainⁱⁿ^g^{its f}^o^cu^{s as a}⁹⁴^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l A}^ssistan^{t U.S. A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^s^pros^ecu^tors^{to f}ⁱ^g^h^t^vⁱ^olen^{t crim}^{e an}^d
^://wiki^iatⁱ^v^e^t^o^f^e^{deral, s}^t^{ate, an}^{d local law}^com^p^reh^eⁿ^s^iv^{e, s}^t^rategⁱ^{c approach}^to^to^car^r^y^o^u^{t th}^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^o^f^th^e^{protect w}^itn^es^s^e^s^an^{d v}ⁱ^ctim^s^of^crim^e.
^h^ttp^ov^e^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t, pros}^ecu^tors^{, an}^d^r^e^d^u^cⁱ^{ng gun vi}^o^l^eⁿ^c^eⁱⁿ^t^h^e^Uⁿⁱ^t^e^d^H^I^G^A^A^s^{, des}^c^ri^{bed abov}^{e i}ⁿ^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{(See Section}^{901 of}^th^{e bill, des}^c^ribed
^f^o^rcemen^t^o^f^com^m^uⁿ^ity^leaders^.^P^S^{N tas}^k^States^{. R}^e^qu^ires^th^{at each}^U.S.^{201 of}^th^{e bill.}^bel^o^w^.⁾

^s^f^o^rces^dev^e^l^{op s}^t^rat^e^gⁱ^es^t^o^redu^ce^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^{: (}¹⁾^id^en^tif^y^,ⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^{ate, an}^d^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^201(e)]
^aⁱ^ns^{t V}ⁱ^oleⁿ^t^{gun c}^rⁱ^m^e^b^y^p^r^o^s^e^c^u^tⁱ^{ng vi}^o^l^eⁿ^t^pros^ecu^{te s}ⁱ^gⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^{t crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^reet
^ngs^{gun o}^ffe^nd^e^r^s,ⁱⁿ^t^e^nsi^f^yⁱ^{ng fe}^d^e^r^a^l^g^aⁿ^g^s^o^p^e^r^a^tin^g^w^ithⁱⁿ^th^eir^dⁱ^strⁱ^ct;
^{gun l}^a^w^eⁿ^fo^r^c^e^m^eⁿ^t^usiⁿ^g⁽²⁾^co^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^{te th}^{e id}^en^tif^icatioⁿ^,
^techⁿ^o^lo^g^y^an^dⁱⁿ^tellig^en^ce-ⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^,^an^d^p^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^o^f
^g^a^th^erin^g^techⁿⁱ^qu^es^{to m}^a^{p crim}^e,^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^s^am^on^g^f^e^deral,
^id^entif^y^{gun ho}^tsp^o^t^s,^tr^{ace seized}^s^t^{ate, an}^{d local law}^en^f^o^rcem^en^t
^c^r^im^e^guns,^aⁿ^d^use^b^a^llistic^s^ag^en^cies^{; an}^{d (3) coordin}^a^{te an}^d
^techⁿ^o^log^y^{. P}^r^ev^en^tion^,^edu^cation^,^estab^lish^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al str}^{eet g}^aⁿ^g
^com^m^uⁿ^ity^ou^treach^an^{d pu}^blic^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t team}^s^w^ithⁱⁿ^each^U.S.
^aw^aren^es^s^{are es}^s^eⁿ^{tial elem}^en^ts^of^A^ttorn^ey^’^s^dis^t^rict.

CRS-33
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^t^h^{e prog}^ram^.
^A^u^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}
^hir^e^A^ssistaⁿ^{t U.}^S.^A^tto^rⁿ^e^y^s,^no^n-
^at^t^o^rn^ey^coordiⁿ^a^t^o^rs^{, or paral}^e^g^a^l^s^f^o^r
^t^h^{e PS}^N^prog^ram^.^A^u^t^h^ori^zes
^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^o^f^$⁷^.⁵^m^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}
^of^t^h^{e f}ⁱ^s^cal^y^ears^2005-^{2009. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ
^111]
^l^T^h^{e Saf}^e^Streets^P^r^og^ram^aligⁿ^s^A^u^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^u^r^{ces F}^o^r^FB^I^ag^en^{ts w}^ith^lo^{cal law}^requ^{ire th}^{e FB}^{I to in}^creas^{e f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^FBI^to^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t in}^v^e^s^tig^ators^,^an^d^t^h^{e S}^a^f^e^S^t^reet^s^Prog^ram^an^{d s}^u^pport
^g/w^est^ig^at^{e an}^d^f^e^{deral an}^{d s}^t^{ate pros}^ecu^tors^{, to}^th^{e crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^en^f^o^rcem^en^t
^s^.or^secu^t^e^redu^{ce v}ⁱ^olen^{t crim}^{e. Saf}^e^Streets^t^eam^s^es^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^{d u}ⁿ^d^{er s}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^110(b)
^le^ak^Criminal^tas^k^f^o^rces^{are f}^o^cu^s^e^{d on}^vⁱ^olen^t^o^f^th^{e b}^{ill o}ⁿ^HI^GA^A^s^.
^G^aⁿ^g^s^ga^ngs,^c^rⁱ^m^e^s^o^f^vi^o^l^eⁿ^c^e^,^d^r^ug-
^://wiki^Ex^clu^s^iv^e^r^e^lated^cr^im^{es, an}^d^th^e^A^u^t^h^ori^zes^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^$5
^h^ttp^e^r^a^lⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^appreh^en^sⁱ^on^an^{d pros}^ecu^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^m^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}^o^f^th^{e f}ⁱ^{scal y}^ears
^vⁱ^o^l^en^{t f}^u^g^itiv^es.^2005-^{2009. A}ⁿ^y^am^ouⁿ^t^s
^appropri^a^t^e^{d w}^o^u^l^{d rem}^aⁱⁿ^av^ai^l^a^bl^e
^uⁿ^{til ex}^pen^d^{ed. [Section}^112]
^aⁿ^ts^to^T^h^{e Violen}^{t C}^r^im^{e C}^oⁿ^t^{rol an}^d^A^m^en^ds^{§31702 t}^o^permⁱ^t^f^uⁿ^d^s^uⁿ^d^er^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^secu^t^o^{rs an}^d^L^a^w^En^f^o^rcem^en^t^A^c^t^of^{1994 (42}^th^{is p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^to^b^e^u^s^ed^to^hⁱ^r^e^p^e^r^mⁱ^t^s^gr^aⁿ^t^fund^{s t}^o^b^e^use^d^t^o^fund^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^901]

^w^U^.^S^.^C^.^{13862), i}ⁿ^cl^u^d^es^t^h^e^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l p}^r^o^s^ecu^to^r^s^so^th^{at m}^o^r^e^t^e^c^hno^l^o^gy^,^e^q^ui^p^m^eⁿ^t^,^aⁿ^d^t^r^aⁱⁿⁱ^ng
^for^c^e^m^eⁿ^{t to}^C^o^m^m^uⁿ^ity^-^B^as^{ed J}^u^s^{tice Gran}^ts^cas^es^cou^l^{d be pros}^ecu^{ted an}^{d to}^f^o^{r pros}^ecu^tors^{to in}^creas^{e th}^{e accu}^rate
^mb^at^Vio^l^en^t^f^o^{r Pros}^ecu^t^o^rs^prog^ramⁱⁿ^§31702.^redu^{ce of}^cas^es^{; f}^uⁿ^d^techⁿ^o^log^y^,^id^en^tif^icatioⁿ^an^d^su^ccessf^u^l
^d^t^o^equⁱ^pm^en^{t, an}^{d train}ⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r^p^r^o^s^e^c^u^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^y^o^{ung vi}^o^l^eⁿ^t
^t^ect^pros^ecu^tors^an^{d law}^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t to}^of^f^eⁿ^d^ers^;^an^{d does}ⁿ^o^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^e

CRS-34
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^tⁿ^{esses an}^dⁱⁿ^creas^{e th}^{e accu}^{rate iden}^tif^ication^of^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^r^e^lated^to^th^{e w}^itn^{ess an}^d
^{ims o}^f^ga^{ng m}^e^m^b^e^r^{s a}ⁿ^d^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^o^ffe^nd^e^r^s,^vⁱ^ctⁱ^m^prot^ectⁱ^oⁿ^prog^ram^s^.
^an^d^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^d^a^tab^a^{ses o}^f^th^is
^Ex^clu^s^iv^eⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^to^f^{acilitate co}^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^tioⁿ
^e^r^a^l^am^on^g^law^en^f^o^rcem^en^{t an}^d
ⁱ^sd^ictioⁿ⁾^pros^ecu^tors^{; an}^{d create an}^{d ex}^pan^d
^w^itn^{ess an}^d^vⁱ^ctim^p^r^o^t^ectioⁿ
^prog^ram^s^{to prev}^en^{t th}^reats^,
ⁱⁿ^tim^id^atioⁿ^,^an^d^r^e^taliatioⁿ^ag^ain^s^t
^vⁱ^ctim^{s o}^f^{, an}^d^w^itn^{esses to}^{, v}ⁱ^o^l^en^t
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^crim^es^.
^g/w^A^u^t^h^ori^zes^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^$20
^s^.or^m^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}^o^f^th^{e f}ⁱ^{scal y}^ears
^le^ak^2005-^{2009, an}^{d s}^p^ecifⁱ^es^th^{at in}^each
^fⁱ^s^cal^y^{ear 60%}^of^t^h^{e appropri}^a^t^e^d
^://wiki^f^uⁿ^d^s^{are requ}^{ired to be u}^s^{ed f}^o^{r th}^e
^h^ttp^vⁱ^ctim^an^d^w^itn^{ess p}^r^o^t^ectioⁿ
^prog^ram^s^{to prev}^en^{t th}^reats^,
ⁱⁿ^tim^id^atioⁿ^,^an^d^r^e^taliatioⁿ^ag^ain^s^t
^vⁱ^ctim^{s o}^f^{, an}^d^w^itn^{esses to}^{, v}ⁱ^o^l^en^t
^cri^m^es^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^113]
^t^h^o^r^iz^at^ioⁿ^T^h^{e Gan}^g^R^e^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce Edu}^cation^A^m^en^ds^th^{e Violen}^{t C}^r^im^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rol^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^au^t^h^ori^zes
^Ga^ng^an^{d T}^r^ainⁱⁿ^g^(G.R^.E.A^.T^{.) prog}^ram^A^c^t^of^{1994, w}^hⁱ^c^h^ori^gⁱⁿ^al^l^y^{$20 m}^illion^f^o^{r each}^of^th^{e f}ⁱ^s^{cal y}^ears
^an^ce^is^{a s}^c^h^ool-^b^as^{ed prev}^en^tion^au^th^{orized th}^{e G.R}^.^E.A^.^T^.^prog^ram^,^to^{2006 t}^h^ro^ugh^{2010. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^902]

^a^t^{ion a}ⁿ^d^prog^ram^t^a^rg^etⁱⁿ^g^mⁱ^ddl^e-^s^c^h^ool^au^t^h^ori^{ze appropri}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^$20
ⁱ^ning^s^t^u^d^en^ts^w^h^ich^is^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{ered by}^m^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}^o^f^th^{e f}ⁱ^{scal y}^ears
^j^ect^s^AT^F^.^2005-^{2009. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^114]
^a^m

CRS-35
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^lt^iple^C^h^apt^e^{r 51 of}^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^provⁱ^d^es^A^m^en^d^s^Ch^ap^ter⁵¹^o^f^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^es^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^H^.^R^.^{1279, ex}^cept
^r^s^ta^te^f^o^{r h}^o^mⁱ^{cide of}^f^eⁿ^s^es^an^{d th}^e^addin^g^{a n}^e^w^“^{§1123. Mu}^ltiple^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^w^h^o^e^v^e^r^tr^av^{els in}^o^r^estab^lish^e^{s d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^t^p^eⁿ^a^{lties th}^at
^r^d^e^r^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^cr^im^es.^m^u^rdersⁱⁿ^f^u^rth^e^ran^{ce of}^com^m^oⁿ^cau^s^e^s^an^oth^e^{r, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^th^{e in}^ten^d^edⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e, (}²⁾^if^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e r}^e^su^{lts in}
^s^c^h^e^m^e^of^pu^rpos^{e.” Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^vⁱ^ctim^{, to}^u^s^{e th}^{e m}^a^{il o}^r^an^y^f^acility^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^(as^defⁱⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ
^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^h^o^mⁱ^cid^e^{s in}^w^h^ich^o^fⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce, o}^r^{§1365), i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of
ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als w}^h^o^h^a^d^co^m^m^itted^oⁿ^{e o}^r^attem^p^{ts to}^d^o^so^{, w}^ith^th^{e in}^ten^t^th^at^y^ears^{or lif}^{e; an}^{d (3) in}^an^y^oth^e^{r cas}^e,
^m^o^{re m}^u^rders^,^th^en^m^o^v^e^{or trav}^{el in}^two^o^r^m^o^r^eⁱⁿ^ten^tioⁿ^a^{l h}^o^mⁱ^cid^e^{s b}^e^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
ⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ^co^m^m^e^r^{ce w}^ith^co^m^m^itted^.^Su^chⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als w}^o^u^l^d^b^e^y^ears^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^807]

^th^{e in}^ten^t^to^co^m^m^{it o}ⁿ^{e o}^r^m^o^r^e^su^b^j^{ect to}^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^an^d^,⁽¹⁾
^m^u^rders^,^an^{d th}^ereaf^{ter com}^m^{it on}^{e or}^if^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e r}^e^su^{lts in}^d^eath^o^f^an^y
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^m^o^{re m}^u^rdersⁱⁿ^th^{e f}^u^rth^e^ran^{ce of}^a^com^m^oⁿ^s^c^h^e^m^e^{or pu}^rpos^{e. T}^hⁱ^s^pers^on^{, s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ced to death}^{or lif}^{e in}^p^r^isoⁿ^{; (}²⁾^if^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e r}^e^su^{lts in}
^g/w^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^also^ap^p^{lies to}ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^als^s^e^ri^ou^s^bodi^l^yⁱⁿ^j^u^ry^(as^defⁱⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ
^s^.or^w^h^{o con}^s^pi^{re t}^o^{do s}^o^{. Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^{§1365), i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r l}ⁱ^f^{e or an}^y
^le^ak^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^su^ch^{a cr}^im^{e as a f}ⁱⁿ^e^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less th}^an²⁰^;^an^d⁽³⁾
^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^tⁱⁿ^an^y^oth^e^{r cas}^{e, im}^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^r
^://wiki^m^o^{re th}^an^{30 y}^ears^,^{or both}^f^o^{r each}^lif^{e o}^r^f^o^r^an^y^ter^m^o^f^y^ear^{s n}^o^{t less}
^h^ttp^m^u^r^d^er^co^m^m^itted^.^I^f^d^eath^r^e^su^lts,^t^h^an^{10. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^107]
^th^{e p}^eⁿ^a^lty^ap^p^lied^w^o^u^l^dⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e a}
^fⁱⁿ^e^ofⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{$250,000, an}^d
^puⁿⁱ^s^h^m^eⁿ^t^by^deat^h^{or i}^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t
^f^o^{r an}^y^term^of^y^ears^{or lif}^e
^im^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r each}^m^u^rder.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^201]

CRS-36
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^butta^ble^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3142 prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^r^A^m^en^ds^{§3142 t}^o^creat^{e a}^A^m^en^ds^cu^rren^t^law^{to create a}^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^mp^tⁱ^oⁿ^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^er^w^h^ich^{a d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^t^pres^u^m^ption^ag^ain^s^{t th}^{e releas}^{e prior}^pres^u^m^ption^ag^ain^s^{t releas}^{e prior to}^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^809]

^ain^s^t^Release^can^{be releas}^{ed or detain}^{ed prior to}^to^tr^{ial o}^f^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{s co}^m^m^ittin^g^an^tr^{ial o}^f^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{s ch}^ar^g^e^d^w^ith^{a cr}^im^e
^e^r^s^ons^tr^ial.^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e u}ⁿ^d^{er §922(g}⁾^{(1), rel}^a^t^e^{d t}^o^of^vⁱ^olen^{ce rath}^{er th}^an^{a s}^e^riou^s
^r^ge^{d w}ⁱ^th^th^{e u}ⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l pos}^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^{a f}ⁱ^rearm^vⁱ^ol^en^t^f^e^l^oⁿ^y^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^109]
^by^{a con}^vⁱ^{cted f}^e^lon^,^w^h^{ere th}^e
^f^eⁿ^ses^und^e^r^l^yⁱ^{ng c}^o^nvi^c^tⁱ^o^{n w}^a^{s fo}^r^a
^se^rⁱ^o^u^{s d}^r^{ug o}^ffe^nse^und^e^r¹⁸^U^.^S.^C.
^924(e)(2)(A⁾^{, f}^o^{r w}^hⁱ^c^hⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an
^{10 y}^ears^h^a^v^e^elaps^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^{ce th}^{e date of}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^con^vⁱ^ction^{or releas}^{e f}^r^om^pris^on^,^w^h^ich^e^v^e^r^{is later}^;^o^r^f^o^r^{a ser}ⁱ^o^u^s
^g/w^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^fe^l^o^ny^und^e^r¹⁸^U^.^S.^C.
^s^.or^3559(c)(2)(F⁾^{. Ex}^pan^d^s^t^h^{e l}ⁱ^s^t^of
^le^ak^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e illeg}^a^{l f}ⁱ^r^ear^m
^{receipt or pos}^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^uⁿ^d^{er 18 U.S.C}^.
^://wiki^922(g⁾^f^o^{r w}^hⁱ^c^h^{a j}^u^di^ci^al^of^fⁱ^{cer i}^s
^h^ttp^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^h^o^ld^{a p}^r^e-^tr^{ial d}^e^ten^tioⁿ
^h^earin^g^u^pon^th^{e requ}^es^{t of}^th^e
^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^{’s a}^t^t^o^rⁿ^e^y^.^E^x^p^a^nd^{s t}^h^e
^{list o}^f^f^acto^r^{s to}^b^e^coⁿ^s^id^er^ed^b^y^a
^j^u^{dicial of}^fⁱ^{cer at a h}^earin^g^to
^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{e w}^h^eth^e^r^p^r^e-^tr^{ial d}^e^ten^tioⁿ
^{is ap}^p^r^o^p^r^{iate, to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e w}^h^eth^e^r^a
^no^n-na^r^c^o^tⁱ^c^d^r^ug,^fi^r^e^a^r^m^,^e^x^p^l^o^sⁱ^v^e^,
^o^r^d^e^str^u^ctiv^{e d}^e^vⁱ^{se w}^a^{s in}^v^o^lv^edⁱⁿ
^t^h^{e cri}^m^{e. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^202]

CRS-37
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^nue^{in Ca}^pita^l^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3235 requ}ⁱ^r^es^t^h^atⁱ^f^an^A^m^en^ds^{§3235, t}^o^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^at^t^rⁱ^a^l^s^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^S^.^{155. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^110]^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^S^.^{155 an}^{d H}^.^R^.^1279.
ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al is o}ⁿ^tr^{ial f}^o^r^f^o^{r of}^f^eⁿ^s^es^puⁿⁱ^s^h^{able by}^death^be^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^810]
^co^m^m^ittin^g^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es th}^{at ar}^e^h^e^ldⁱⁿ^th^e^dⁱ^stric^t^w^h^{ere th}^{e of}^f^eⁿ^s^e
^p^uⁿⁱ^sh^ab^{le b}^y^d^eath^,^th^{e tr}^{ial is}^w^a^{s co}^m^m^itted^o^rⁱⁿ^an^y^dⁱ^strⁱ^{ct in}
^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^b^e^h^ear^dⁱⁿ^th^e^count^y^w^hⁱ^c^{h t}^h^e^o^ffe^nse^b^e^ga^n,^c^o^ntⁱ^nue^d^,^o^r
^w^h^er^{e th}^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e w}^a^{s co}^m^m^itted^w^a^{s co}^m^p^leted^.^I^f^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e o}^r
^as^l^oⁿ^g^asⁱ^t^cou^l^{d be don}^{e w}ⁱ^t^h^ou^t^r^e^lated^coⁿ^d^u^c^{t in}^v^o^lv^{es activ}^ities
^g^r^{eat in}^con^v^eⁿⁱ^en^ce.^w^h^ich^af^f^{ect in}^ter^s^{tate o}^r^f^o^r^e^igⁿ
^co^m^m^e^r^{ce o}^r^th^{e im}^p^o^r^tatioⁿ^o^f^an
^obj^ect^{or pers}^onⁱⁿ^t^o^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^w^o^u^l^{d perm}ⁱ^t^t^h^{e cas}^{e t}^o^{be pros}^ecu^t^e^dⁱⁿ^{any di}^s^t^rⁱ^ctⁱⁿ^w^h^ich^th^{e activ}^ities
^g/w^occu^{rred. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^203]
^s^.or
^le^ak^u^t^{e o}^f^C^h^{apter 213 of}^T^{itle 18 s}^e^ts^th^e^A^m^en^ds^C^h^{apter 214 of}^T^{itle 18, to}^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^am^en^ds^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^811]

^tions^for^statu^t^{e o}^f^lim^itatioⁿ^s^f^o^r^v^a^rⁱ^o^u^s^estab^lish^{a statu}^t^{e o}^f^lim^itatioⁿ^s^f^o^r^C^h^{apter 213 of}^T^{itle 18 addin}^g^{a n}^e^w
^://wiki^l^en^t^C^r^im^e^fe^l^o^ny^o^ffe^nse^s^.^vⁱ^olen^{t crim}^es^th^{at are n}^oⁿ^-^capital^{§3298 t}^h^at^requⁱ^r^es^t^h^atⁿ^o^pers^on^be
^h^ttp^f^e^lonⁱ^es^{, crim}^es^of^vⁱ^olen^{ce, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^pros^ecu^t^e^{d, t}^rⁱ^e^{d, or pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^{ed f}^o^{r an}^y
^an^y^rack^eteerin^g^activ^ity^{or g}^aⁿ^gⁿ^oⁿ^{capital f}^e^lon^y^{, crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^ce,
^crim^{e w}^h^ichⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^es^an^y^vⁱ^olen^tⁱⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^an^y^rack^eteerin^g^activ^ity^or
^crim^{e. R}^e^qu^ires^th^{at n}^o^pers^on^be^ga^{ng c}^rⁱ^m^e^w^hⁱ^c^{h i}^nvo^l^v^e^s^aⁿ^y^c^rⁱ^m^e
^pros^ecu^t^e^{d, t}^rⁱ^e^{d, or pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^{ed f}^o^{r s}^u^ch^of^vⁱ^olen^{ce, u}ⁿ^l^es^s^th^{e in}^dictm^eⁿ^t^is
^crim^es^uⁿ^l^es^s^th^{e in}^dictm^eⁿ^t^w^a^s^f^o^uⁿ^d^o^r^th^{e in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^{is in}^stitu^ted
^f^o^uⁿ^d^o^r^th^{e in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^w^a^{s in}^stitu^tedⁿ^o^{t later}^th^an¹⁵^y^ear^{s af}^ter^th^{e d}^a^{te o}ⁿ
^b^y^th^{e later}^o^f^{: (}¹⁾¹⁰^y^ear^{s af}^ter^th^e^w^h^ich^th^{e alleg}^e^d^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^o^ccu^r^r^ed
^d^a^{te o}ⁿ^w^h^ich^th^{e alleg}^e^d^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^o^r^t^h^e^c^o^ntⁱ^nui^{ng o}^ffe^nse^w^a^s
^occu^{rred, (2) 10 y}^ears^af^{ter th}^{e date on}^com^p^l^e^t^e^{d. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^111]
^w^hⁱ^c^{h t}^h^e^c^o^ntⁱ^nui^{ng o}^ffe^nse^w^a^s
^com^p^{leted, or (3) eig}^h^t^y^ears^af^{ter th}^e
^d^a^{te o}ⁿ^w^h^ich^th^{e alleg}^e^d^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ

CRS-38
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^w^a^s^fⁱ^rs^t^di^s^c^ov^{ered. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^204]
^icat^{e Crimes}^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{2516 au}^t^h^ori^zes^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{§2516(1) t}^o^au^t^h^ori^{ze t}^h^at^t^h^e^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^u^t^horiz^at^ionⁱⁿ^ter^cep^tioⁿ^o^f^wⁱ^r^e^{, o}^r^{al, o}^r^u^s^{e of}ⁱⁿ^t^e^rceptⁱ^oⁿ^of^wⁱ^{re, oral}^{, or}
ⁿ^te^r^c^e^p^ti^on^electronⁱ^{c com}^m^uⁿⁱ^cation^sⁱⁿ^electronⁱ^{c com}^m^uⁿⁱ^cation^s^if^th^e
ⁱ^{re, O}^r^al,^certain^circu^m^s^t^an^ces^f^o^{r u}^s^{e by}ⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atioⁿ^{is o}^f⁽¹⁾^an^y^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^o^f
^l^e^c^t^r^onic^th^{e FB}^{I or oth}^e^{r f}^e^{deral ag}^en^ciesⁱⁿ^{§424 of}^t^h^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rol^l^e^{d S}^u^bs^t^aⁿ^ces^A^c^t
^a^t^ionsⁱⁿ^v^e^stig^atin^g^cer^tain^serⁱ^o^u^s^r^e^l^a^tⁱ^{ng t}^o^m^u^r^d^e^r^aⁿ^d^o^t^he^r^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t
^crimⁱⁿ^{al of}^f^eⁿ^s^es^.^crim^esⁱⁿ^f^u^rth^e^ran^{ce of}^{a dru}^g
^t^r^af^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^cri^m^{e (es}^t^ablⁱ^s^h^e^{d i}ⁿ^§108
^o^f^th^{e b}^ill)^{; (}²⁾^an^y^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^o^f¹⁸
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^U.S.C^.^{1123, w}^h^ich^relates^{to m}^u^ltiple
^g/wⁱⁿ^ter^s^{tate m}^u^r^d^er⁽^e^stab^lish^e^d^uⁿ^d^er
^s^.or^Section^{201 of}^th^{e bill); an}^{d (3) an}^y
^le^ak^vⁱ^ol^atⁱ^oⁿ^of^{§521, 522, 523 rel}^a^tⁱⁿ^g^t^o
^crimⁱⁿ^{al s}^t^{reet g}^aⁿ^g^s^(es^t^ablis^h^e^d
^://wiki^uⁿ^d^{er S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^s^{101, 102, 103 of}^t^h^e
^h^ttp^{bill). [Section}^205]
^icat^ioⁿ^t^o^R^u^l^e^{804 of}^t^h^{e F}^e^deral^R^u^l^e^s^of^A^m^en^ds^ru^l^e^{804(b)(6) of}^t^h^{e F}^e^deral^A^m^en^ds^ru^l^e^{804(b)(6) t}^o^permⁱ^t^a^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^812]

^Ev^iden^{ce prov}^ides^ex^ception^s^to^R^u^les^of^Ev^iden^{ce to perm}^{it a h}^ears^a^y^h^ears^a^y^s^t^atem^en^{t to be of}^f^e^{red ag}^ain^s^t
^tⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r^th^{e h}^ears^a^y^ru^{le of}^ev^iden^ce.^s^t^atem^en^{t to be u}^s^{ed as}^ev^iden^ce^{a party}^w^h^{o en}^g^a^g^e^{d or acqu}ⁱ^es^{ced in}
^fe^itur^e^by^P^r^ov^ides^th^{at a s}^t^atem^en^{t of}^ag^ain^s^{t a party}^th^{at h}^a^{d en}^g^a^g^e^d,^w^r^on^g^doiⁿ^g^,^or^w^{ho coul}^{d r}^e^as^onabl^y
^ongdoing^h^ears^a^y^ev^iden^{ce can}^{be of}^f^e^red^acquⁱ^es^{ced, or con}^s^{pired in}^f^o^r^e^s^{ee s}^u^{ch w}^r^ongdoi^{ng w}^oul^{d t}^a^ke
^ag^ain^s^{t a party}^th^{at h}^a^s^en^g^a^g^e^{d or}^w^r^on^g^doiⁿ^gⁱⁿ^t^eⁿ^d^{ed t}^o^{, an}^{d di}^d,^pl^ace^{, if}^th^{e w}^r^oⁿ^g^d^oⁱⁿ^g^w^a^{s in}^ten^d^ed
^acquⁱ^es^{ced in}^w^r^on^g^doin^g^th^{at w}^a^s^m^a^k^e^{a declaran}^{t u}ⁿ^a^v^a^{ilable as}^a^to^{, an}^d^dⁱ^d^,^p^r^o^c^u^r^{e th}^{e u}ⁿ^a^v^a^ilab^ility
ⁱⁿ^t^eⁿ^d^{ed t}^o^{, an}^{d di}^{d procu}^r^{e t}^h^e^wⁱ^tⁿ^es^s^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^206]^of^th^{e declaran}^{t as}^{a w}^itn^es^s^.^[Section
^uⁿ^a^v^a^ilab^ility^o^f^th^{e d}^eclar^an^{t as a}^113]
^w^itn^ess.

CRS-39
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^icat^ioⁿ^o^f^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1513 prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1513 an}^{d m}^a^k^e^s^a^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^nue^for^cir^c^u^m^stan^{ces an}^d^p^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^t^e^c^hni^c^a^l^c^o^r^r^e^c^tⁱ^o^{n b}^y^d^e^si^gna^tⁱ^{ng t}^h^e
^ta^lⁱ^a^ti^on^r^e^taliatin^g^ag^ain^s^{t a w}^itn^ess,^s^econ^d^{§1513(e) as}^§1513(f⁾^becau^s^e
^aⁱⁿ^s^t^a^vⁱ^ctim^{, o}^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^t.^t^h^{e s}^ectⁱ^oⁿⁱ^s^du^plⁱ^catⁱ^v^{e (P.L}^{. 107-}
^tⁿ^ess^{273). A}^dds^{a n}^e^w^s^u^bs^ectⁱ^oⁿ^(g⁾
^p^e^r^m^ittin^g^th^{at p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^uⁿ^d^er^th^is
^sectioⁿ⁽^r^etaliatioⁿ^ag^ain^s^{t a w}^itn^ess)
^t^o^b^e^b^r^o^ughtⁱⁿ^t^h^e^dⁱ^st^rⁱ^c^tⁱⁿ^w^hⁱ^c^h
^th^{e of}^fⁱ^{cial proceedin}^g^w^a^sⁱⁿ^ten^d^{ed to}
^{be ef}^f^{ected or w}^a^s^com^p^{leted, or in}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^w^h^ich^th^{e co}ⁿ^d^u^c^{t co}ⁿ^s^titu^tin^g^th^e^alleg^e^{d of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e occu}^rred.
^g/w^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^207]
^s^.or
^le^ak
^://wiki
^h^ttp

CRS-40
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^e^ndmeⁿ^{t of}^{28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{994 es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{, in}^accordan^{ce w}^ith^§994(p),^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^t^en^cin^g^d^u^{ties an}^d^r^e^sp^oⁿ^sib^{ilities o}^f^th^e^th^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g^g^uⁱ^delin^es^f^o^{r certain}
^idelines^U^.^S.^Se^nt^eⁿ^cⁱ^{ng Co}^m^mⁱ^ssi^oⁿ^.^ga^{ng a}ⁿ^d^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^c^rⁱ^m^e^s^,^r^e^q^uⁱ^rⁱ^{ng t}^h^e
^la^{ting to}^U^.^S.^Se^nt^eⁿ^cⁱ^{ng Co}^m^mⁱ^ssi^oⁿ^t^o
^r^t^aⁱ^{n Ga}^ng^revⁱ^ew^an^{d, i}^f^appropri^a^t^e^{, am}^en^{d i}^t^s
ⁱ^oleⁿ^t^g^uⁱ^delin^es^an^{d policy}^s^t^atem^en^ts^to
^coⁿ^f^o^r^m^to^th^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^o^f^T^{itles I}
^an^d^I^I^o^f^th^{e b}^{ill. Req}^u^ir^{es th}^e
^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^to⁽¹⁾^estab^lishⁿ^e^w
^g^uⁱ^delin^es^an^{d policy}^s^t^atem^en^tsⁱⁿ
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^{order t}^oⁱ^m^pl^em^en^tⁿ^e^w^{or rev}ⁱ^s^e^d^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es cr}^eatedⁱⁿ^T^{itle I}^I^;
^g/w^{(2) en}^s^u^{re th}^{at th}^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g
^s^.or^g^uⁱ^delin^es^an^{d policy}^s^t^atem^en^ts
^le^ak^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e s}^e^ri^ou^sⁿ^a^t^u^{re of}^t^h^e
^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es an}^d^p^eⁿ^a^{lties set f}^o^r^t^h^b^y^th^e
^://wiki^b^{ill, th}^{e g}^r^o^wⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^cid^eⁿ^{ce o}^f^serⁱ^o^u^s
^h^ttp^g^aⁿ^g^an^{d v}ⁱ^olen^{t crim}^es^{, an}^{d th}^{e n}^eed
^t^o^m^o^dⁱ^fy^t^h^e^se^nt^eⁿ^cⁱ^{ng gui}^d^e^lⁱⁿ^e^s
^an^d^p^o^licy^statem^en^{ts to}^d^e^ter^,
^prev^en^{t, an}^{d pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^s^u^ch^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^{; (3)}
^coⁿ^s^id^er^th^{e ex}^ten^t^to^w^h^ich^th^e
^g^uⁱ^delin^es^an^{d policy}^s^t^atem^en^ts
^adequ^a^tely^addres^s^w^h^eth^e^{r th}^e
^gui^d^e^lⁱⁿ^e^o^ffe^nse^l^e^ve^l^s^aⁿ^d
^e^nha^nc^e^m^eⁿ^t^s^fo^r^ga^{ng a}ⁿ^d^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t
^crim^es^{are s}^u^f^fⁱ^cien^{t to deter an}^d
^puⁿⁱ^s^h^s^u^ch^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^an^{d are adequ}^a^te
ⁱⁿ^vⁱ^ew^of^th^{e s}^t^atu^t^oryⁱⁿ^creas^esⁱⁿ
^p^eⁿ^a^{lties co}ⁿ^t^ain^e^dⁱⁿ^th^{e b}^{ill, an}^d

CRS-41
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^w^h^eth^e^{r an}^y^ex^is^tin^g^{or n}^e^w^s^p^ecifⁱ^c
^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e ch}^aracteris^tics^s^h^ou^{ld be added}
^{to ref}^l^{ect con}^g^r^es^sⁱ^on^{al in}^ten^t^to
ⁱⁿ^creas^{e g}^aⁿ^g^an^{d v}ⁱ^olen^{t crim}^e
^p^eⁿ^a^{lties, p}^uⁿⁱ^sh^o^f^f^eⁿ^d^er^{s, an}^d^d^e^ter
^g^aⁿ^g^an^{d v}ⁱ^olen^{t crim}^{e; (4) as}^s^u^re
^r^easoⁿ^ab^{le co}ⁿ^s^isten^c^y^w^ith^o^t^h^e^r
^r^e^lev^aⁿ^t^dⁱ^r^ectiv^{es an}^d^w^ith^o^t^h^e^r
^s^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g^g^uⁱ^delin^es^{; (5) accou}ⁿ^t^f^o^r
^an^y^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l ag}^g^r^av^atin^g^o^r
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^m^itig^atin^g^cir^c^u^m^stan^{ces th}^{at m}ⁱ^g^h^t^j^u^stif^y^ex^cep^tioⁿ^s^to^th^{e g}^eⁿ^e^r^a^lly
^g/w^a^p^p^lⁱ^c^a^b^l^e^se^nt^eⁿ^cⁱ^{ng r}^a^nge^s;⁽⁶⁾^m^a^ke
^s^.or^an^yⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^con^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^ch^an^g^e^s^to
^le^ak^th^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g^g^uⁱ^delin^es^{; an}^{d (7)}
^as^s^u^{re th}^{at th}^{e g}^uⁱ^delin^es^adequ^a^tely
^://wiki^m^{eet th}^{e pu}^rpos^es^of^s^eⁿ^t^en^cin^g^uⁿ^d^er
^h^ttp^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3553(a)(2), w}^hⁱ^c^h^provⁱ^d^es
^th^{e pu}^rpos^es^of^{a crim}ⁱⁿ^{al s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce to}
^ref^l^{ect th}^{e s}^e^riou^sⁿ^es^s^of^th^{e of}^f^eⁿ^s^e,
^prom^ot^{e res}^p^ect^f^o^{r t}^h^{e l}^a^w^,^provⁱ^d^e
^j^u^st^p^uni^shm^e^nt^,^a^d^e^q^ua^t^e^l^y^d^e^t^e^r
^crimⁱⁿ^{al con}^d^u^c^{t, an}^{d oth}^e^{r pu}^rpos^es^.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^208]

CRS-42
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^{ies f}^o^r^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{924 es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^t^h^e^A^m^en^ds^{§924(c)(1)(A}^{) t}^o^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^at^,^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, ex}^cept^f^u^rt^h^e^r^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^p^eⁿ^a^{lties asso}^ciated^w^ith^fⁱ^r^ear^mⁱ^f^{a pers}^on^com^mⁱ^t^s^{or con}^s^pi^res^t^o^am^en^ds^{§924 t}^o^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^atⁱ^f^t^h^e
^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^{. §924(c)(1)(A}⁾^provⁱ^d^es^com^m^{it an}^y^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce or dru}^g^fⁱ^rearm^is^dis^c^h^a^rg^{ed, th}^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^ce
^f^f^o^r^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l m}^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^mⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^traf^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^,^f^o^{r each}ⁱⁿ^s^t^an^{ce in}^w^h^ich^w^o^u^l^{d be a t}^e^rm^ofⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^of
^l^en^{ce an}^d^s^eⁿ^t^en^ces^f^o^{r crim}^es^of^vⁱ^olen^{ce or}^th^{e f}ⁱ^rearm^w^a^s^u^s^{ed, carried or}ⁿ^o^{t less th}^an¹⁵^y^ear^{s; an}^d^if^th^e
^g^T^r^af^fⁱ^ckin^g^d^r^{ug t}^r^a^ffi^c^kⁱ^{ng o}^ffe^nse^s^usi^{ng a}^p^o^ssessed^,^u^p^to^an^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l sev}^eⁿ^fⁱ^rearm^is^u^s^{ed to w}^o^uⁿ^d^{, in}^j^u^{re, or}
^deadl^y^{or dan}^g^e^rou^s^w^eapon^.^y^e^a^r^{s (}^c^ur^r^e^nt^l^y^fi^ve^y^e^a^r^s)^w^o^ul^d^b^e^m^a^im^an^oth^e^{r pers}^on^{, th}^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce be}
^{added to th}^{eir s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce of}^{a ter}^m^o^f^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^o^fⁿ^o^{t less}
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^.^t^h^an^{20 y}^ears^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^114]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^Strik^e^s^th^{e clau}^s^e^th^{at prov}^ides^f^o^{r n}^o^t^{less th}^an^sev^eⁿ^y^ear^{s to}^b^e^ad^d^e^d^if^th^e
^g/w^fⁱ^rearm^w^a^s^bran^dis^h^{ed du}^rin^g^th^e
^s^.or^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^of^{a crim}^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce or a}
^le^ak^dru^g^traf^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^crim^e.
^://wiki^Mak^e^s^con^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^am^en^dm^en^ts^{to th}^e
^h^ttp^se^c^tⁱ^o^n,^oⁿ^e^o^f^w^hⁱ^c^{h st}^rⁱ^ke^s
^su^b^s^ectioⁿ⁽^o⁾^.^Su^b^s^ectioⁿ⁽^o⁾ⁿ^o^w
^m^a^k^e^s^con^s^pi^racy^t^o^vⁱ^ol^at^{e §924}
^puⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^byⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r n}^o^t
^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{20 y}^ears^{(or f}^o^{r an}^y^t^e^rm^of
^y^ears^{or lif}^{e if}^th^{e f}ⁱ^rearmⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^{ed is}^a
^m^a^c^hⁱⁿ^e^{gun o}^r^d^e^st^r^u^c^tⁱ^v^e^d^e^vi^c^e^o^r
^{is eq}^uⁱ^p^p^e^d^w^ith^{a silen}^cer⁾^.^[^S^ectioⁿ
^209]

CRS-43
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^ssessioⁿ^o^f^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{924(e) prov}ⁱ^d^es^an^A^m^en^ds^{§924(e), t}^o^requⁱ^r^{e t}^h^at^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^e^a^r^ms^by^e^nha^nc^e^d^p^e^na^l^t^y^fo^r^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{s fo}^und^pers^on^s^wⁱ^t^h^on^{e, t}^w^{o, or t}^h^ree
^nge^r^ousⁱⁿ^vⁱ^ol^atⁱ^oⁿ^of^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^922(g⁾^f^o^r^prevⁱ^o^u^s^vⁱ^ol^en^t^f^e^l^oⁿ^y^{or s}^e^ri^ou^s^dru^g
^lons^illeg^a^{l f}ⁱ^r^ear^m^p^o^ssessioⁿ^an^d^w^h^o^o^ffe^nse^c^o^nvi^c^tⁱ^o^ns,^o^r^b^o^t^h,^w^h^o^a^r^e
^h^a^v^e^prev^iou^s^ly^been^con^vⁱ^{cted on}^s^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^tly^con^vⁱ^{cted of}^vⁱ^olatin^g
^th^{ree occas}^ion^s^f^o^{r v}ⁱ^olen^{t f}^e^lonⁱ^es^§922(g⁾^by^illeg^a^lly^pos^s^e^s^sⁱⁿ^g^or
^{or s}^e^ri^ou^s^dru^g^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^(as^defⁱⁿ^e^d^receivⁱⁿ^g^{a f}ⁱ^rearm^,^{be s}^u^bj^{ect to th}^e
ⁱⁿ^{§924(e)(2)(A}⁾^an^{d (B)). S}^u^ch^f^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^p^eⁿ^a^{lties: (}¹⁾ⁱⁿ^th^{e case o}^f
^pers^on^s^{are s}^u^bj^{ect to a f}ⁱⁿ^e^uⁿ^d^er^on^{e prior con}^vⁱ^ction^,^w^h^{ere n}^o^{t m}^o^re
^T^{itle 1}⁸^,ⁿ^o^{t less th}^an¹⁵^y^ear^s’^th^an^{10 y}^ears^h^a^v^e^elaps^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^{ce th}^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{, an}^dⁿ^o^tw^ith^stan^dⁱⁿ^g^an^y^ot^h^e^{r prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^of^l^a^w^,^t^h^e^dat^e^of^pri^o^{r con}^vⁱ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^{or rel}^eas^e^f^r^om^pri^s^on^{, t}^h^{e def}^eⁿ^d^an^t^w^o^u^l^{d be}
^g/w^cou^r^tⁱ^s^prohⁱ^bⁱ^t^e^{d f}^r^om^s^u^s^p^en^diⁿ^g^su^b^j^{ect to}^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e
^s^.or^th^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce of}^{, or g}^r^an^tin^g^a^th^an¹⁵^y^ear^{s, f}ⁱⁿ^e^d^uⁿ^d^er^T^{itle 1}⁸^,^o^r
^le^ak^probatⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ce t}^o^pers^on^s^both^;^{(2) in}^th^{e cas}^{e of}^{a def}^eⁿ^d^an^t
^con^vⁱ^{cted of}^s^u^ch^of^f^eⁿ^s^es^.^w^ith^tw^o^su^ch^p^r^io^r^coⁿ^vⁱ^ctioⁿ^s^,
^://wiki^co^m^m^itted^oⁿ^dⁱ^f^f^e^ren^t^o^ccasioⁿ^s^,
^h^ttp^w^h^{ere a peri}^{od of}ⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an¹⁰
^y^ears^h^a^s^elaps^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^{ce th}^{e lates}^t
^con^vⁱ^ction^{or releas}^{e f}^r^om^pris^on^{, th}^e
^def^eⁿ^d^an^t^w^o^u^l^{d be s}^u^bj^ect^t^o
^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an²⁰
^y^ears^,^fⁱⁿ^e^{d, or bot}^h^;^an^{d (3) i}ⁿ^t^h^e
^cas^{e of}^th^{ree s}^u^ch^{prior con}^vⁱ^ction^s^,
^co^m^m^itted^oⁿ^dⁱ^f^f^e^ren^t^o^ccasioⁿ^s^{, th}^e
^def^eⁿ^d^an^t^w^o^u^l^{d be s}^u^bj^ect^t^oⁿ^o^t^less
^t^h^an^{15 y}^ears^,^{a f}ⁱⁿ^e^{, or bot}^h^,^an^{d t}^h^e
^cou^r^t^w^o^u^l^{d be proh}ⁱ^bⁱ^t^e^{d f}^r^om
^s^u^s^p^en^din^g^th^{e s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce of}^{, or g}^r^an^tin^g
^{a probation}^a^ry^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ce to, s}^u^ch^a

CRS-44
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^pers^on^{. T}^h^{e am}^ouⁿ^t^of^t^h^{e f}ⁱⁿ^e^sⁱⁿ
^each^cas^{e w}^o^u^l^{d be n}^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an
^{$250,000 ($500,000 f}^o^{r an}
^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n )}^,^a^s^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^d^und^e^r¹⁸
^U^.^S^.^C^.^3571.
^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s to}^d^e^fⁱⁿ^e^th^{e ter}^m^se^rio^u^s
^dr^{ug of}^f^e^ns^e^as^an^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e u}ⁿ^d^{er th}^e
^Coⁿ^t^r^o^lled^Su^b^s^tan^{ces A}^c^{t (}²¹^U.S.C.
^{801 et}^s^e^{q.), t}^h^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rol^l^e^{d S}^u^bs^t^aⁿ^ces
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^Im^port^an^{d Ex}^port^A^c^t^{(21 U}^.^S^.^C^.⁹⁵¹^{et seq}^.⁾^,^o^r^th^{e Mar}^itim^{e Dr}^u^g^L^a^w
^g/w^En^f^o^rcem^en^t^A^c^t^{(46 U}^.^S^.^C^.^A^pp.
^s^.or^{1901 et}^s^e^{q.), pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^by^a
^le^ak^ma^xⁱ^mu^{m t}^e^r^m^o^fⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^meⁿ^tⁿ^o^t
^les^s^th^an^{10 y}^ears^;^{or an}^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e u}ⁿ^d^er
^://wiki^st^a^t^e^l^a^wⁱ^nvo^l^vⁱ^{ng m}^a^nufa^c^t^urⁱ^ng,
^h^ttp^dⁱ^strⁱ^b^u^tin^g^,^o^r^p^o^ssessin^g^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t
^t^o^m^aⁿ^u^f^act^u^r^{e or di}^s^t^ri^bu^t^e^a
^con^t^rol^l^e^{d s}^u^bs^t^aⁿ^{ce (as}^defⁱⁿ^e^{d i}ⁿ
^{§102 of}^t^h^{e C}^oⁿ^t^rol^l^e^{d S}^u^bs^t^aⁿ^ces^A^c^t
^{(21 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{802)), pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^by^a
^ma^xⁱ^mu^{m t}^e^r^m^o^fⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^meⁿ^t^o^fⁿ^o^t
^{less th}^an¹⁰^y^ear^{s. Co}ⁿ^tin^u^e^{s to}^d^e^fⁱⁿ^e
^th^{e ter}^m^vio^l^en^{t felo}ⁿ^y^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^e
^crim^es^puⁿⁱ^s^h^{able by}^{a term}^of
^im^pris^on^m^eⁿ^t^ex^ceedin^g^on^{e y}^{ear, or}
^an^y^{act of}^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile delin}^qu^en^cy
ⁱ^nvo^l^vⁱ^{ng t}^h^e^use^o^r^c^a^r^r^yⁱ^{ng o}^f^a
^fⁱ^rearm^,^kⁿⁱ^f^e^{, or des}^t^ru^ctiv^{e dev}ⁱ^ce

CRS-45
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^t^h^at^w^o^u^l^{d be pu}ⁿⁱ^s^h^abl^e^by^a
^ma^xⁱ^mu^{m t}^e^r^m^o^fⁱ^m^p^rⁱ^s^oⁿ^meⁿ^t^f^o^r
^th^{e sam}^e^ter^m^th^{at w}^o^u^l^d^ap^p^l^y^if^th^e
^cr^im^{e h}^a^d^b^een^co^m^m^itted^b^y^an^ad^u^l^t
^th^{at (1) h}^a^s^,^as^an^elem^en^{t of}^th^{e crim}^e
^{or act, th}^{e u}^s^{e, attem}^p^{ted u}^s^{e, or}
^th^reaten^{ed u}^s^{e of}^ph^y^s^{ical f}^o^rce
^ag^aiⁿ^s^t^t^h^{e pers}^on^of^an^ot^h^e^r;^{or (2) i}^s
^b^u^r^g^lar^y^{, ar}^soⁿ^,^ex^to^r^tioⁿ^,ⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^{es th}^e
^u^s^{e of}^ex^pl^osⁱ^v^es^{, or ot}^h^e^rwⁱ^s^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}ⁱⁿ^v^o^lv^es^con^d^u^c^{t th}^{at pres}^en^ts^a^s^e^ri^ou^s^pot^en^tⁱ^a^l^ri^s^k^of^ph^y^sⁱ^calⁱⁿ^j^u^ry
^g/w^to^an^o^t^h^e^r^.^Defⁱⁿ^e^{s th}^{e ter}^m
^s^.or^coⁿ^v^ictioⁿ^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e th}^{e f}ⁱⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^th^{at a}
^le^ak^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^h^a^{s co}^m^m^itted^th^{e act o}^f
^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile d}^e^lin^q^u^en^cyⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^a
^://wiki^vⁱ^o^l^en^{t f}^e^loⁿ^y^.
^h^ttp
^R^e^qu^ires^th^{e U.S. Sen}^t^en^cin^g
^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{to am}^en^{d th}^{e Federal}
^Sen^t^en^cin^g^Gu^id^elin^{es to}^p^r^o^v^id^{e f}^o^r
^th^{e ap}^p^r^o^p^r^{iate in}^cr^{ease in}^th^{e o}^f^f^eⁿ^s^e
^lev^e^{l f}^o^r^vⁱ^o^l^atioⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^er^th^{is am}^en^d^e^d
^S^ection^922(g⁾^an^{d in}^accordan^{ce w}^ith
^{§924 (e). [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^210]
^ming^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{922(d) prov}ⁱ^d^es^Mak^e^s^{a con}^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^am^en^dm^en^{t to}^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^e^ndmeⁿ^tⁿ^u^m^er^o^u^{s co}ⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^er^w^h^ich^{§922(d), t}^o^appl^y^t^h^es^{e requ}ⁱ^r^em^en^t^s
^{it is u}ⁿ^l^aw^f^u^{l f}^o^r^an^y^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^to^sell^t^o^an^y^pers^on^w^h^o^traⁿ^s^fers^an^y
^{or ot}^h^e^rwⁱ^s^{e di}^s^pos^{e of}^an^y^fⁱ^rearm^fⁱ^r^ear^m^o^r^am^m^uⁿ^itioⁿ^to^an^y^p^e^r^s^oⁿ

CRS-46
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^o^r^am^m^uⁿ^itioⁿ^to^an^o^t^h^e^r^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^.^uⁿ^l^aw^f^u^lly^uⁿ^d^er^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^.
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^211]
^a^t^me^{nt of}^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{5032 es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^A^m^en^ds^{§5032 t}^o^revⁱ^s^e^an^d^A^m^en^ds^{§5032 t}^o^permⁱ^t^t^h^{e A}^t^t^o^rn^ey^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^813]

^de^r^a^{l J}^u^v^e^nile^delin^qu^en^cy^proceedin^g^sⁱⁿ^dis^t^rict^r^e^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^z^e^t^h^e^se^c^tⁱ^o^n,^dⁱ^vi^dⁱ^{ng t}^h^e^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^p^r^o^s^ecu^{te a j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile as an}
^nde^r^s^cou^r^ts^an^{d tran}^s^f^ers^of^j^u^v^eⁿ^iles^f^o^r^sectioⁿⁱⁿ^to^su^b^s^ectioⁿ^s^w^ith^h^eadⁱⁿ^g^s^,^ad^u^{lt w}^h^o^{is alleg}^e^d^to^h^a^v^e
^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l cr}^imⁱⁿ^{al p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^f^o^r^m^a^kⁱⁿ^g^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^s^to^ex^istin^g^co^m^m^itted^cer^tain^cr^im^{es af}^ter^th^e^th
^cer^tain^cr^im^{es if}^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^oⁿ^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile d}^e^lin^q^u^en^cy^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e^{’s 1}⁶^bⁱ^r^t^hd^a^y^,^w^hⁱ^c^{h i}^f
^canⁿ^o^{t be treated in}^s^t^ate^proceedin^g^s^{, an}^{d m}^a^kⁱⁿ^g^con^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^co^m^m^itted^b^y^an^ad^u^{lt w}^o^u^l^d^b^e^a
^proceedin^g^s^{or is}^alleg^e^{d to h}^a^v^e^am^en^dm^en^t^s^f^o^{r n}^e^w^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^t^h^e^f^e^lon^y^crim^{e of}^vⁱ^olen^{ce, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g
^co^m^m^itted^cer^tain^fⁱ^r^ear^m^s^o^r^d^r^u^g^b^{ill w}^h^ich^w^o^u^l^d^am^en^d^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^cert^aⁱⁿ^fⁱ^rearm^of^f^eⁿ^s^esⁱⁿ^§922;^or
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^t^r^a^ffi^c^kⁱ^{ng o}^ffe^nse^s^.^r^e^lated^to^h^o^w^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile o}^f^f^eⁿ^d^er^s^cer^tain^o^t^h^e^r^f^e^loⁿ^y^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{es w}^h^o^s^e
^g/w^cou^l^{d be t}^r^an^s^f^{erred an}^{d t}^rⁱ^e^{d as}^pen^a^lties^{are in}^{§924; §930 related to}
^s^.or^ad^u^{lts. A}^sⁱⁿ^cu^r^r^eⁿ^t^law^,^f^o^r^pos^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^fⁱ^rearm^s^an^{d dan}^g^e^rou^s
^le^ak^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^w^h^eth^e^r^to^tr^an^sf^er^{a 1}³^o^r^w^eapon^sⁱⁿ^f^e^dera^{l f}^acilities^;^{or §931}
^{15 y}^{ear ol}^{d al}^l^e^g^e^{d f}^e^l^oⁿ^y^of^f^eⁿ^d^{er f}^o^r^r^e^l^a^tⁱ^{ng t}^o^p^u^r^c^ha^se^,^o^w^ne^r^s^hi^p^,^o^r
^://wiki^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^,^r^e^q^u^ir^{es th}^e^pos^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^body^arm^o^{r by}^vⁱ^ol^en^t
^h^ttp^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^coⁿ^s^id^er^w^h^eth^e^r^fe^l^o^ns.
^pros^ecu^tion^of^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile as}^an^adu^l^t
^w^oul^{d pr}^ot^ect^publⁱ^c^s^a^f^e^t^y^.
^A^d^d^s^a^ne^w^sub^s^e^c^tⁱ^o^{n w}^hⁱ^c^{h w}^o^ul^d
^adj^u^s^t^th^{e procedu}^r^es^f^o^{r tran}^s^f^{er an}^d
^perm^{it th}^{e tran}^s^f^{er of}^{a j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile ag}^{e 16}
^{or 17 t}^o^{be pros}^ecu^t^e^{d as}^an^adu^l^tⁱ^f
^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile w}^a^{s alleg}^e^d^to^h^a^v^e
^co^m^m^itted^,^coⁿ^s^pⁱ^r^e^d^,^so^licited^o^r
^attem^p^ted^to^co^m^m^{it, th}^{e m}^o^{st ser}ⁱ^o^u^s
^vi^o^l^eⁿ^t^fe^l^o^ny^o^ffe^nse^sⁱⁿ^c^l^udⁱ^{ng (}¹⁾
^m^u^r^d^e^r^;⁽²⁾^m^a^nsl^a^ught^e^r^;⁽³⁾^a^ssa^ul^t

CRS-47
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^w^ithⁱⁿ^ten^t^to^co^m^m^{it m}^u^r^d^er^{; (}⁴⁾
^s^e^x^u^a^{l as}^s^a^u^{lt; (5) robbery}^{; (6)}
^carj^ackⁱⁿ^g^w^ith^{a dan}^g^e^rou^s^w^eapon^;
⁽⁷⁾^ex^to^r^tioⁿ^;⁽⁸⁾^ar^soⁿ^;⁽⁹⁾^illeg^a^l
^fⁱ^rearm^s^u^s^{e; (10) f}ⁱ^rearm^s^pos^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^;
^{(11) dri}^v^e-^by^s^h^ootⁱⁿ^g^;⁽¹²⁾
^kⁱ^dn^appiⁿ^g^;^{(13) m}^aⁱ^mⁱⁿ^g^;^{(14) as}^s^a^u^l^t
^r^e^su^ltin^gⁱⁿ^serⁱ^o^u^{s b}^o^d^ilyⁱⁿ^j^u^r^y^{; o}^r
^{(15) obs}^t^r^u^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^j^u^s^tⁱ^{ce (i}ⁿ^c^l^u^diⁿ^g
^tam^p^erⁱⁿ^g^w^ith^{a w}^itn^{ess, v}ⁱ^ctim^{, o}^r^an
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}ⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^an^t)^oⁿ^o^r^af^ter^th^{e d}^a^y^th^e^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile attain}^{s ag}^{e 1}⁶^.
^g/w
^s^.or^P^r^ov^ides^th^{at a j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile can}^be
^le^ak^p^r^o^s^ecu^ted^{as an}^ad^u^{lt if}^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile
^w^a^{s alleg}^e^d^to^h^a^v^e^co^m^m^itted^,^oⁿ^o^r
^://wiki^af^ter^th^{e d}^a^y^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile tu}^rⁿ^{s 1}⁶
^h^ttp^y^ears^of^ag^{e, crim}^es^th^{at are C}^l^as^s^B
^an^{d C}^l^as^s^C^f^e^lonⁱ^es^(carryⁱⁿ^g
^s^eⁿ^t^en^ces^of^{25 y}^ears^{or m}^o^{re, an}^{d les}^s
^th^an^{25 y}^ears^bu^{t m}^o^{re th}^an^{10 y}^ears^,
^res^p^ectiv^ely⁾^.
^P^r^ov^ides^th^{at in}^{a pros}^ecu^tion^uⁿ^d^er
^th^{is su}^b^s^ectioⁿ^,^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile can}^b^e
^pros^ecu^{ted an}^{d con}^vⁱ^{cted as}^an^adu^l^t
^f^o^{r an}^y^ot^h^e^{r of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e “}^p^roperl^y^j^oⁱⁿ^ed”
^uⁿ^d^er^th^{e Fed}^e^r^a^{l Ru}^{les o}^f^Cr^imⁱⁿ^al
^P^r^ocedu^r^{e, an}^{d can}^als^o^{be con}^vⁱ^cted
^as^an^adu^{lt f}^o^{r a les}^s^e^{r in}^clu^d^ed

CRS-48
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^o^ffe^nse^.
^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^{r t}^o^S^.^{155, on}^“ⁿ^on^-^Iden^tⁱ^cal^t^o^H^.^R^.^{1279. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^813]
^Sets^ou^{t th}^{at a decis}ⁱ^on^{to tran}^s^f^{er a}^r^e^vⁱ^ew^ab^ility^{” o}^f^th^{e d}^ecisioⁿ^o^f^th^e
^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile f}^o^{r pros}^ecu^tion^as^an^adu^{lt f}^o^r^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^tr^an^sf^er^{a j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile
^{a ser}ⁱ^o^u^{s v}ⁱ^o^l^en^{t f}^e^loⁿ^y^{is n}^o^t^f^o^{r pros}^ecu^tion^as^an^adu^lt.
^revⁱ^ew^{able by}^an^y^cou^r^{t. In}^an^y^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^115]
^pros^ecu^tion^of^{a j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile as}^an^adu^l^t
^uⁿ^d^er^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^,^r^e^q^u^ir^{es th}^{e co}^u^r^{t in}
^w^h^ich^th^{e crim}ⁱⁿ^{al ch}^arg^e^s^h^a^{d been}
^f^iled^to^h^a^v^e^{a h}^earⁱⁿ^g^to^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^w^h^eth^e^{r to is}^s^u^{e an}^{order th}^{at th}^e^def^eⁿ^d^an^t^s^h^ou^l^d^{be t}^r^an^s^f^{erred back}
^g/w^t^o^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e^st^a^t^us.
^s^.or
^le^ak^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{t to}^f^{ile a m}^o^tioⁿ
ⁿ^o^later^th^an³⁰^d^a^y^s^af^terⁱⁿ^itially
^://wiki^a^p^p^e^a^rⁱ^{ng i}ⁿ^c^o^ur^t^t^h^r^o^{ugh c}^o^unse^l^o^r
^h^ttp^ex^pres^s^l^y^w^a^iv^es^th^{e rig}^h^t^{to cou}ⁿ^s^el
^an^{d elects}^{to proceed}^pr^{o s}^e^.
^P^r^o^h^ib^{its th}^{e co}^u^r^{t f}^r^o^m^o^r^d^e^rⁱⁿ^g^th^e
^tr^an^sf^er^o^f^{a d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{t to}^j^u^v^eⁿ^ile
^s^t^atu^s^uⁿ^l^es^s^th^{e def}^eⁿ^d^an^{t es}^tablis^h^e^d
^by^cl^ear^{and convi}ⁿ^ci^{ng evi}^dence^th^at
^r^e^m^o^va^l^t^o^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e^st^a^t^{us w}^o^ul^d^b^eⁱⁿ
^th^{e in}^ter^e^{st o}^f^j^u^{stice. Req}^u^ir^{es an}
^{order of}^t^h^{e cou}^r^t^m^a^{de i}ⁿ^ru^lⁱⁿ^g^on^a
^m^o^tioⁿ^b^y^{a d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{t to}^tr^an^sf^er^a
^d^e^fe^nd^aⁿ^t^t^o^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e^st^a^t^{us und}^e^r^t^hⁱ^s

CRS-49
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^sectioⁿ^to^issu^{e a f}ⁱⁿ^a^{l o}^r^d^e^r^f^o^r^th^e
^pu^rpos^{e of}^en^ablin^g^an^{appeal. Upon}
^{receipt of}^{a n}^o^{tice of}^{appeal of}^an
^{order, requ}ⁱ^r^es^{a cou}^r^t^of^appeal^s^t^o
^h^{ear an}^{d determ}ⁱⁿ^{e th}^{e appeal on}^an
^ex^pedi^t^e^{d bas}ⁱ^s^.^R^e^quⁱ^r^es^t^h^{e cou}^r^t^of
^appeals^{to g}ⁱ^v^e^du^{e reg}^a^{rd to th}^e
^opport^uⁿⁱ^t^y^of^t^h^{e di}^s^t^ri^ct^cou^r^t^t^o
^j^u^d^g^{e th}^{e cr}^ed^ib^ility^o^f^th^{e w}^itn^esses
^an^{d requ}^ires^th^{e cou}^r^{t to accept th}^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^fⁱⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^s^of^f^{act of}^th^{e dis}^t^{rict cou}^r^t^uⁿ^l^es^s^th^ey^w^e^{re clearly}^erron^e^ou^s^.
^g/w^R^e^qu^ires^th^{e cou}^r^{t of}^appeals^{to rev}ⁱ^ew
^s^.or^th^{e d}ⁱ^strⁱ^{ct co}^u^r^t’^{s ap}^p^licatioⁿ^o^f^th^e
^le^ak^law^{to th}^{e f}^actsⁱⁿ^th^{e cas}^e.
^://wiki^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s to}^r^e^q^u^ir^{e th}^{at o}ⁿ^{ce a}
^h^ttp^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile h}^a^{s en}^ter^e^d^{a p}^l^{ea o}^f^g^u^ilty^o^r
^th^{e proceedin}^g^h^a^s^reach^{ed th}^{e s}^t^ag^e
^t^h^a^t^e^vⁱ^d^eⁿ^c^e^ha^{s b}^e^{gun t}^o^b^e^t^a^keⁿ
^th^{at is b}^a^sed^oⁿ^alleg^a^tioⁿ^s^o^f^cr^im^{e o}^r
^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile d}^e^lin^q^u^en^cy^{, th}^{at su}^b^s^eq^u^eⁿ^t
^cr^imⁱⁿ^{al p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^o^r^j^u^v^eⁿ^ile
^proceedin^g^s^u^pon^s^u^ch^alleg^e^{d act of}
^delin^qu^en^cy^{be barred. Statem}^en^ts
^m^a^{de by}^{a j}^u^v^eⁿⁱ^l^e^pri^o^{r t}^o^{or du}^riⁿ^g^a
^tr^an^sf^er^h^earⁱⁿ^g^w^o^u^l^d^{still n}^o^{t b}^e
^admⁱ^s^sⁱ^{ble at s}^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^t^crimⁱⁿ^al
^pros^ecu^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{, bu}^t^m^a^y^{be u}^s^{ed f}^o^r
^im^peach^m^eⁿ^t^pu^rpos^es^{or in}^a

CRS-50
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^p^r^o^s^e^c^u^tⁱ^o^{n fo}^r^p^e^r^j^ur^y^o^r^m^a^ki^{ng a}
^f^a^ls^{e s}^t^atem^en^t.
^A^s^isⁿ^o^w^th^{e cas}^{e, w}^h^en^ev^{er a}
^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile is tr}^an^sf^er^r^e^d^to^dⁱ^strⁱ^{ct co}^u^r^t
^f^o^r^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^{as a j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile
^an^{d is}ⁿ^o^{t con}^vⁱ^{cted of}^th^{e of}^f^eⁿ^s^{e f}^o^r
^w^h^ich^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile w}^a^{s tr}^an^sf^er^r^e^d^o^r
^an^oth^e^{r crim}^{e th}^{at w}^o^u^l^{d h}^a^v^e
^w^a^r^r^an^ted^tr^an^sf^er^if^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile h}^a^d
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^b^eenⁱⁿ^itially^ch^ar^g^e^d^w^ith^th^{at cr}^im^e,^f^u^rth^e^{r proceedin}^g^s^{are requ}^{ired to be}
^g/w^con^d^u^c^{ted accordin}^g^{to th}^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile
^s^.or^prov^is^ion^s^of^th^{e C}^h^{apter 403 of}^T^itle
^le^ak¹⁸⁽^J^u^v^eⁿ^{ile Delin}^q^u^en^cy⁾^.^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^s
^to^p^r^o^h^ib^{it th}^{e tr}^an^sf^er^o^f^{a j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile to}
^://wiki^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l p}^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^o^r^f^o^r^dⁱ^sp^o^s^itioⁿ
^h^ttp^a^f^t^e^r^a^fi^ndⁱ^{ng o}^f^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e^d^e^lⁱⁿ^q^u^eⁿ^c^y
^uⁿ^{til an}^y^p^r^io^r^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile r}^eco^r^d^{s h}^a^v^e
^been^receiv^e^{d by}^th^{e cou}^r^{t or th}^{e clerk}
^o^f^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile co}^u^r^{t h}^a^{s cer}^tif^iedⁱⁿ
^w^r^itin^g^th^{at th}^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile h}^a^{s n}^o^p^r^io^r
^{record or w}^h^y^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile’^s^{record is}
ⁿ^o^{t av}^ailab^l^{e. T}^h^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^f^o^r
^p^a^r^e^nt^a^l^no^tⁱ^fⁱ^c^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e
^tran^s^f^{er proceedin}^g^sⁿ^o^w^f^o^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^law
^w^o^u^l^{d di}^s^a^{ppear. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^301]

CRS-51
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^fi^c^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{5033 prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^r^A^m^en^ds^{§5033 t}^o^ref^l^ect^t^h^at^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^e^{r A}^rrest^cu^s^t^ody^of^{a j}^u^v^eⁿⁱ^l^e^pri^o^{r t}^oⁿ^o^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f^th^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l b}^e
^appearan^{ce bef}^o^{re a m}^a^gⁱ^s^t^rate^im^m^e^{diate, or}^as^s^{oon as}^pr^actⁱ^c^abl^e
^j^u^dg^{e an}^{d requ}^ires^th^{at th}^e^th^ereaf^{ter an}^{d requ}^ires^th^{at reas}^on^able
^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l an}^d^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile’^s^step^{s b}^e^tak^eⁿ^toⁿ^o^tif^y^th^{e j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile’^s
^p^a^r^e^nt^o^r^gua^r^dⁱ^a^{n b}^e^no^tⁱ^fⁱ^e^d^paren^t^{or g}^u^a^rdi^aⁿ^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^302]
^im^m^e^diately^.
^d^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{5034, prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r t}^h^e^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{at a j}^u^v^eⁿ^{ile w}^h^o^{is to}^b^e^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^te^{ntion P}^r^ior^r^e^{lease an}^d^d^e^ten^tioⁿ^o^f^j^u^v^eⁿ^iles^pros^ecu^{ted as}^an^adu^{lt be releas}^ed
^ion^p^r^io^r^to^dⁱ^sp^o^s^itioⁿ^.^pen^dⁱⁿ^g^{trial in}^accordan^{ce w}^ith
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^C^h^{apter 207 of}^T^{itle 18, w}^h^ich
^g/w^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{3147 prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^at^a^p^r^o^v^id^{es th}^{e co}ⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^an^d
^s^.or^d^e^fe^nd^aⁿ^t^w^h^oⁱ^s^fo^und^t^o^ha^ve^requ^irem^en^ts^f^o^{r th}^{e releas}^{e an}^d
^le^ak^co^m^m^itted^{a f}^e^loⁿ^y^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^{e w}^h^ile^d^e^ten^tioⁿ^o^f^ad^u^{lt d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^ts.
^on^releas^{e can}^{be s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ced to n}^o^t
^://wiki^m^o^r^e^th^an¹⁰^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l y}^ear^{s o}^f^A^p^p^{lies th}^{e p}^eⁿ^a^{lties p}^r^o^v^id^edⁱⁿ
^h^ttp^im^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^if^th^ey^co^m^m^{it a}^{§3147 f}^o^{r adu}^l^t^def^eⁿ^d^an^t^s^t^o^an^y
^f^e^lon^y^{, an}^{d n}^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an^on^{e y}^ear^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile b}^eⁱⁿ^g^tr^ied^{as an}^ad^u^{lt w}^h^o^is
^o^f^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l im}^p^r^isoⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^if^th^ey^alleg^e^d^to^h^a^v^e^co^m^m^itted^an^o^f^f^eⁿ^s^e
^com^m^{it an}^of^f^eⁿ^s^{e th}^{at is}^a^w^h^{ile o}ⁿ^p^r^e-^tr^{ial r}^e^{lease (}ⁱ^{.e., 1}⁰^y^ear^s
^mⁱ^s^d^em^ean^or.^f^o^{r a f}^e^lon^y^{or on}^{e y}^{ear f}^o^{r a}
^mⁱ^s^d^em^ean^or).
^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{5035 prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^e
^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^er^w^h^ich^{a j}^u^v^eⁿ^ile^A^m^en^ds^{§5035 t}^o^{add an}^ex^ceptⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r
^alleg^e^d^to^b^e^d^e^lin^q^u^en^{t m}^a^y^b^e^{a j}^u^v^eⁿⁱ^l^e^w^h^{o i}^s^beiⁿ^g^pros^ecu^t^e^{d as}
^d^e^tain^ed^p^r^io^r^to^dⁱ^sp^o^s^itioⁿ^.^an^adu^l^t^.^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^303]

CRS-52
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^T^r^ial^{18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{5036 prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^atⁱ^f^an^A^m^en^ds^{§5036 f}^o^{r j}^u^v^eⁿⁱ^l^e^s^t^o^requⁱ^r^e^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^ioⁿ^alleg^e^d^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile d}^e^lin^q^u^en^{t in}^t^h^a^tⁱ^f^t^h^e^d^e^fe^nd^aⁿ^tⁱ^s^no^t^b^r^o^ught^t^o
^d^e^ten^tioⁿ^p^eⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^tr^{ial is n}^o^t^tr^{ial w}^ithⁱⁿ⁷⁰^d^a^y^s^o^f^th^{e b}^e^gⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^o^f
^b^r^o^ught^t^o^t^rⁱ^a^l^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ³⁰^d^a^y^s^o^f^th^{e d}^e^ten^tioⁿ^,^th^en^th^{e in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ
^t^h^e^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng o}^f^t^h^e^d^e^t^e^ntⁱ^o^n,^t^h^eⁿ^w^o^u^l^{d be di}^s^mⁱ^s^s^e^{d on}^m^o^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^t^h^e
^th^{e in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^r^e^lated^to^th^e^alleg^e^d^d^e^lin^q^u^en^{t o}^r^{at th}^{e d}ⁱ^r^ectioⁿ
^alleg^e^d^cr^im^{e is r}^e^q^u^ir^ed^to^b^e^o^f^th^{e co}^u^r^{t. P}^r^o^v^id^{es th}^{at th}^{e sam}^e
^dⁱ^sm^isse^d^w^{ith p}^r^e^j^ud^ic^e^unle^{ss the}^peri^ods^of^ex^cl^u^sⁱ^oⁿ^an^{d s}^p^eedy^tⁱ^m^e
^d^e^lay^{is f}^o^r^cer^tain^sp^ecifⁱ^ed^lim^{its o}ⁿ^d^e^ten^tioⁿ^th^{at ap}^p^l^y^to^ad^u^l^t
^reas^on^s^.^def^eⁿ^d^an^t^s^uⁿ^d^{er 18 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3161(h⁾^,
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^a^p^p^l^y^t^o^j^uveⁿⁱ^l^e^{s p}^e^ndⁱ^{ng a}^d^e^lin^q^u^en^{ce d}^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^atioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^es
^g/w^certain^j^u^{dicial con}^s^ideration^s^f^o^r
^s^.or^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^w^h^eth^e^rⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ
^le^ak^s^h^ou^l^d^{be di}^s^mⁱ^s^s^e^{d w}ⁱ^t^h^{or w}ⁱ^t^h^ou^t
^prej^u^d^{ice. R}^e^qu^ires^th^{e cou}^r^{t to}
^://wiki^con^s^{ider th}^{e s}^e^riou^sⁿ^es^s^of^th^{e alleg}^e^d
^h^ttp^{act of}^j^u^v^eⁿ^{ile delin}^qu^en^cy^{; th}^{e f}^acts
^an^{d circu}^m^s^t^an^ces^of^th^{e cas}^{e th}^{at led}
^to^th^{e d}ⁱ^sm^{issal; an}^d^th^{e im}^p^{act o}^f^a
^r^e^p^r^o^s^ecu^tioⁿ^oⁿ^th^{e ad}^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ^o^f
^j^u^s^tⁱ^{ce. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^304]
^de^r^a^l^{28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^994(h⁾ⁱⁿ^s^t^ru^ct^s^t^h^{e U}^.^S^.^A^m^en^ds^§994(h⁾^t^h^{e U}^.^S^.^S^eⁿ^t^en^ciⁿ^g^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^t^en^cin^g^Se^nt^eⁿ^cⁱ^{ng Co}^m^mⁱ^ssi^oⁿⁱⁿ^t^h^e^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^’^s^g^uⁱ^delⁱⁿ^esⁱⁿ^§994(h⁾^t^o
^idelines^estab^lish^m^en^{t o}^f^g^uⁱ^d^e^lin^{es f}^o^r^ad^d^j^u^v^eⁿ^{iles tr}^an^sf^er^r^e^d^f^o^r^tr^{ial as}
^s^eⁿ^t^en^ces^ofⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t^at^or^adu^l^t^s^t^o^t^h^{e cov}^e^rag^e^of^§994(h⁾^.
ⁿ^{ear th}^{e s}^t^atu^t^ory^m^a^xⁱ^m^u^mⁱⁿ
^cas^{e of}^def^eⁿ^d^an^ts^w^h^{o are 18}^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^to
^y^ears^of^ag^{e or older an}^{d con}^vⁱ^cted^prom^u^l^g^a^t^e^an^{d di}^s^t^ri^bu^t^e^s^eⁿ^t^en^ciⁿ^g

CRS-53
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^on^th^{ree occas}^ion^s^of^vⁱ^olen^t^g^uⁱ^delin^es^f^o^{r cas}^es^w^h^{ere j}^u^v^eⁿ^iles
^crim^es^{or dru}^g^traf^fⁱ^ckⁱⁿ^g^ch^arg^e^s^.^w^o^u^l^d^b^e^tr^ied^{as ad}^u^{lts to}^{all U.S.}
^cou^r^t^s^by^May^{1, 2006.}
^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^305]
^t^{ing of}^{28 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{534 requ}ⁱ^r^es^t^h^e^{No prov}^is^ion^.^R^e^qu^ires^th^{e Un}^{der Secretary}^f^o^r^Iden^tⁱ^cal^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^ation^A^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l to}^acq^uⁱ^r^e^,^B^o^{rder an}^{d T}^r^an^s^portation^Secu^rity^of^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^815]

^t^or^s^{in the}^{collect, clas}^sⁱ^f^y^{, an}^{d pres}^erv^e^th^{e Dep}^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^Ho^m^e^lan^d^Secu^r^ity
^id^en^tif^icatioⁿ^,^cr^imⁱⁿ^al^to^p^r^o^v^id^{e th}^{e Natio}ⁿ^a^{l Cr}^im^e
^o^rmat^ion^id^en^tif^icatioⁿ^,^cr^im^{e, an}^d^o^t^h^e^r^In^f^o^rm^atⁱ^oⁿ^C^eⁿ^t^{er (NC}^I^C⁾^of^t^h^e
^t^{er Dat}^a^b^ase^r^e^c^o^r^d^{s o}^fⁱ^m^mⁱ^gr^a^tⁱ^o^{n vi}^o^l^a^t^o^r^s^Dep^a^r^t^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^J^u^{stice w}^ith^su^ch
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^an^d^sh^ar^{e th}^{e in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^w^ithⁱⁿ^f^o^rm^ation^as^th^{e Director m}^a^y^h^a^v^e
^g/w^oth^e^{r au}^th^{orized of}^fⁱ^cials^of^f^e^deral^on^an^y^an^{d all alien}^s^ag^ain^s^{t w}^h^om^a
^s^.or^ag^en^cies^an^{d s}^t^{ate an}^{d local}^fⁱⁿ^a^l^{order of}^rem^o^v^a^l^h^a^s^beenⁱ^s^s^u^ed;
^le^ak^ag^en^cies^.^aⁿ^y^aⁿ^d^a^l^l^a^lⁱ^e^{ns w}^h^o^ha^ve^si^gne^d^a
^v^o^luⁿ^t^ary^departu^r^{e ag}^reem^en^{t; an}^d
^://wiki^an^y^an^{d all alien}^s^w^h^{o h}^a^v^e^ov^ers^t^ay^ed
^h^ttp^th^eir^vⁱ^{sa. Req}^u^ir^{es th}^{e in}^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^to
^{be prov}ⁱ^d^{ed n}^o^t^l^a^t^e^{r t}^h^an^{180 day}^s
^af^ter^en^actm^eⁿ^t^o^f^th^{e b}^ill.
^A^m^en^ds^{§534(a) of}^T^{itle 28 U.S.C}^.^to
^r^e^q^u^ir^{e th}^{e in}^clu^s^ioⁿ^o^f^su^ch
ⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^b^y^th^{e NCI}^C^{. [}^S^ectioⁿ
^117]
^N.^B^.^{: T}^h^{is sectio}ⁿ^{is r}^e^p^eatedⁱⁿ
^Section^{119 of}^th^{e bill.}

CRS-54
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^f^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^m^en^d^s^T^{itle 1}⁸^b^yⁱⁿ^ser^tin^g^af^ter^Iden^tⁱ^cal^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^l^en^{ce an}^d^Ch^ap^ter⁵¹^{a n}^e^w^Ch^ap^ter⁵²^en^titled^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^801]
^“^I^lleg^a^{l A}^lien^s^{” w}^h^ich^p^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r
^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l p}^eⁿ^a^{lties f}^o^r^cer^tain^cr^im^es
^liens^co^m^m^itted^b^y^illeg^a^{l alien}^s^{. Req}^u^ir^es
^th^{at if}^{a d}^e^f^eⁿ^d^an^{t w}^a^{s p}^r^ev^io^u^s^ly
^{ordered rem}^o^v^e^{d u}ⁿ^d^{er t}^h^e
^I^m^mⁱ^g^r^atioⁿ^an^d^Natioⁿ^a^lity^A^c^{t o}ⁿ
^th^{e g}^r^o^uⁿ^d^{s o}^f^h^a^vⁱⁿ^g^co^m^m^itted^a
^cr^im^{e, to}^b^e^sen^t^en^ced^toⁿ^o^{t less th}^an
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}¹⁵^y^ear^{s in}^p^r^isoⁿ^{. Req}^u^ir^{es th}^{at th}^e^s^eⁿ^t^en^{ce of}ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^tⁱ^m^pos^ed
^g/w^uⁿ^d^er^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^r^uⁿ^coⁿ^s^ecu^tiv^ely^to
^s^.or^an^y^ot^h^e^{r s}^eⁿ^t^en^{ce of}ⁱ^m^pri^s^on^m^eⁿ^t
^le^ak^im^pos^{ed f}^o^{r an}^y^oth^e^{r crim}^{e. [Section}
^118]
^://wiki
^h^ttp^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l an}^d^th^e^Iden^tⁱ^cal^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^H^.^R^.^1279.
^Secretary^of^Hom^e^lan^d^Secu^rity^to^[S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^816]

^j^oⁱⁿ^tly^coⁿ^d^u^c^{t a stu}^d^y^oⁿ^th^e
^coⁿⁿ^ectioⁿ^b^e^tw^een^illeg^a^l
ⁱ^m^mⁱ^gr^a^tⁱ^o^{n a}ⁿ^d^ga^{ng m}^e^m^b^e^r^shi^p
^an^d^activ^ity^{, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^h^o^w^m^aⁿ^y^o^f
^th^os^{e arres}^t^{ed n}^a^tion^w^{ide f}^o^{r g}^aⁿ^g
^m^e^m^b^ers^h^{ip an}^{d v}ⁱ^olen^{ce are alien}^s
^illeg^a^lly^p^r^esen^{t in}^th^{e Un}^ited^States
^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{at th}^{e r}^e^su^{lts o}^f^th^{e stu}^d^y
^b^e^r^e^p^o^r^ted^to^Coⁿ^g^r^{ess n}^o^{t later}^th^an
^on^{e y}^{ear af}^{ter en}^actm^eⁿ^t^{. [Section}
^120]

CRS-55
^S^h^o^{rt T}ⁱ^tle^C^u^rren^{t L}^a^w^S^{. 155}^{H.R. 1279}^{H.R. 4472}
^{e an}^d^L^o^cal^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^u^t^h^ori^zes^{a g}^r^an^t^prog^ram^uⁿ^d^er
^eⁿ^tr^y^Cour^ts^w^h^ich^th^{e A}^tto^rⁿ^ey^Gen^e^r^a^{l aw}^ar^d^s
^g^r^an^t^s^of^u^p^t^o^{$500,000 t}^o^s^t^at^{e an}^d
^{local cou}^r^ts^{or related ag}^en^cies^an^d
^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^o^m^oⁿⁱ^t^o^r^o^ffe^nd^e^r^s
^r^e^tu^rⁿⁱⁿ^g^to^th^{e co}^m^m^uⁿ^ity^{. Fu}ⁿ^d^s
^c^o^ul^d^b^e^use^d^t^o⁽¹⁾^m^oⁿⁱ^t^o^r^o^ffe^nd^e^r^s
^r^e^tu^rⁿⁱⁿ^g^to^th^{e co}^m^m^uⁿ^ity^{; (}²⁾
^p^r^o^v^id^{e r}^e^tu^rⁿⁱⁿ^g^o^f^f^eⁿ^d^er^{s w}^ith^d^r^u^g
^an^{d alcoh}^o^{l tes}^tin^g^an^{d treatm}^eⁿ^t^an^d
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL32943}^m^eⁿ^t^{al an}^{d m}^e^{dical h}^ealth^as^s^e^s^s^m^en^t^an^{d s}^e^rv^ices^{; (3) con}^v^eⁿ^e^com^m^uⁿ^ity
^g/w^im^p^{act p}^aⁿ^e^{ls, v}ⁱ^ctim^im^p^{act p}^aⁿ^e^{ls, o}^r
^s^.or^vⁱ^ctim^im^{pact edu}^cation^a^{l clas}^s^e^s^;⁽⁴⁾
^le^ak^provⁱ^d^{e an}^{d coordi}ⁿ^a^t^e^t^h^{e del}ⁱ^v^ery^of
^oth^e^{r com}^m^uⁿ^ity^s^e^rv^ices^{to of}^f^eⁿ^d^ers^;
^://wiki^an^{d (5) es}^tablis^h^an^{d im}^plem^en^t
^h^ttp^g^r^ad^u^a^ted^san^c^tioⁿ^s^an^dⁱⁿ^cen^tiv^{es f}^o^r
^p^a^r^ticip^an^ts.
^R^e^qu^ires^th^{e f}^e^{deral s}^h^{are of}^th^{e g}^r^an^t
^to^b^e^lim^ited^to⁷⁵^%^o^f^th^{e co}^{sts o}^f
^f^uⁿ^d^{ed proj}^ect.
^A^u^th^orizes^{appropriation}^s^{$10 m}^illion
^f^o^{r each}^of^th^{e f}ⁱ^s^{cal y}^ears²⁰⁰⁶
^t^h^r^o^ugh^{2009. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^902]