U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1998-2005

U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and
Deliveries to Major Clients, 1998-2005
December 15, 2006
Richard F. Grimmett
Specialist in National Defense
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division

U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to
Major Clients, 1998-2005
Summary
This report provides background data on United States arms sales agreements
with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 1998-2005. In a
series of data tables, it lists the total dollar values of U.S. arms sales agreements with
its top five purchasers in five specific regions of the world for three specific periods:
1998-2001, 2002-2005, and 2005 alone, and the total dollar values of U.S. arms
deliveries to its top five purchasers in those same regions for the periods 1998-2001,
2002-2005, and for 2005 alone. In addition, the report provides data tables listing the
total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with and deliveries to its top 10
purchasers worldwide for the periods 1998-2001, 2002-2005, and for 2005 alone.
This report is prepared in conjunction with the annual CRS report for Congress
entitled: Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1998-2005 (CRS
Report RL33696), by Richard Grimmett. That report details both U.S. and foreign
arms transfer activities globally, and provides analysis of arms trade trends. The
intent here is to complement that elaborate worldwide treatment of the international
arms trade by providing only the dollar values of United States arms sales agreements
with and delivery values to its leading customers, by geographic region, for the
calendar years 1998-2001, 2002-2005, and 2005. Unlike CRS Report RL33696, this
report focuses exclusively on U.S. arms sales, provides the specific names of the
major U.S. arms customers, by region, together with the total dollar values of their
arms purchases or deliveries. This report will not be updated.

Contents
U.S. Agreements with Leading Purchasers,1998-2005.................1
U.S. Deliveries to Leading Purchasers, 1998-2005....................4

U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and
Deliveries to Major Clients, 1998-2005
This report provides background data on United States arms sales agreements
with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 1998-2005. It
provides the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with its top five purchasers
in five specific regions of the world for the periods 1998-2001, 2002-2005, and for
2005, and the total dollar values of U.S. arms deliveries to its top five purchasers in
five specific regions for those same years. In addition, the report provides a listing
of the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with and deliveries to its top ten
purchasers for the periods 1998-2001, 2002-2005, and for 2005. The data are
official, unclassified, United States Defense Department figures compiled by the
Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), unless otherwise indicated. The data
have been restructured for this report by DSCA from a fiscal year format to a
calendar year format. Thus a year in this report covers the period from January 1-
December 31, and not the fiscal year period from October 1-September 30.¹
U.S. Agreements with Leading Purchasers,1998-2005
The following five regional tables provide the total dollar values of all U.S.
defense articles and defense services sold to the top five purchasers in each region
indicated for the calendar year(s) noted. These values represent the total value of all
government-to-government agreements actually concluded between the United States
and the foreign purchaser under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program during the²
calendar year(s) indicated. In a separate table, the total dollar values of all U.S.
defense articles and defense services sold to the top ten purchasers worldwide is
provided for calendar year period noted. All totals are expressed as current U.S.
dollars.

¹ The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) publishes an annual volume providing
these data in a fiscal year format. This publication is titled Foreign Military Sales, Foreign
Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts. It provides detailed U.S. annual
transactions with countries and international organizations for the most recent ten fiscal
years, as of the date of publication, as well as aggregate data for these transactions since
FY1950. See DSCA website for this data under DSCA Facts Book at
[http://www.dsca.osd.mil/]. For detailed worldwide arms transfer data for U.S. and foreign
suppliers and recipients, see CRS Report RL33696, Conventional Arms Transfers to
Developing Nations, 1998-2005, by Richard F. Grimmett.
² Current U.S. law and regulations do not require U.S. companies to provide, routinely and
systematically, data on arms sales agreements actually concluded with foreign purchasers
resulting from commercial licenses authorized by the U.S. State Department. Thus, with one
very notable exception relating to the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) in 2000, the agreement
data in the following tables do not include the values of U.S. licensed commercial sales.

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)
AFRICA AGREEMENTSAFRICAAGREEMENTSAFRICAAGREEMENTS
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Nigeria $12 million1 Kenya $24 million1 Djibouti $10 million
2 Kenya $11 million2 Djibouti $23 million2 Botswana $1 million
3 Ghana $5 million3 Nigeria $21 million3 Senegal $1 million
4 Chad $3 million4 South Africa $15 million4 Congo $1 million
5 Guinea $3 million5 Uganda $7 million5 Nigeria $1 million
AMERICAN AMERICAN AMERICAN
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS REPUBLICS
AGREEMENTS AGREEMENTS AGREEMENTS
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Canada $402 million1 Canada $892 million1 Canada $355 million

2 Colombia $277 million*2 Chile $566 million2 Colombia $183 million*

3 Brazil $109 million3 Columbia $405 million*3 Brazil $20 million
4 Venezuela $64 million4 Brazil $182 million4 Argentina $19 million
5 Argentina $42 million5 Venezuela $38 million5 Chile $16 million
* Includes FMS sales related to international narcotics interdiction programs.
LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED ^th
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10 of a billion)
ASIA ASIAASIA
AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Taiwan $3.9 billion1 Taiwan $4.9 billion1 Japan $850 million
2 South Korea $2.1 billion2 Japan $3.4 billion2 Australia $520 million
3 Singapore $1.5 billion3 South Korea $3.1 billion 3 South Korea $340 million
4 Japan $1.4 billion4 Australia $1.5 billion4 Taiwan $210 million

5 Australia $1.2 billion5 Singapore $540 million5 Singapore $50 million

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10^th of a billion)
NEAR EAST NEAR EASTNEAR EAST
AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 U.A.E. $7.0 billion*1 Egypt $5.2 billion1 Egypt 1.0 billion
2 Israel $6.6 billion2 Saudi Arabia $4.2 billion2 U.A.E. $800 million
3 Egypt $6.4 billion3 Israel $2.5 billion3 Saudi Arabia $700 million
4 Saudi Arabia $4.4 billion4 Kuwait $2.0 billion4 Israel $500 million
5 Bahrain $700 million5 U.A.E. $1.3 billion5 Kuwait $500 million
* Includes a $6.432 billion licensed commercial agreement concluded in 2000 for 80 F-16
fighter aircraft.
EUROPE EUROPEEUROPE
AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Greece $3.7 billion1 Poland $3.8 billion1 Greece $2.1 billion
2 U. K. $1.4 billion2 Greece $2.6 billion2 Turkey $1.5 billion
3 Italy $1.1 billion3 Turkey $2.3 billion3 Germany $300 million
4 Turkey $1.0 billion4 U.K. $1.5 billion4 Netherlands $250 million

5 Germany $970 million5 Netherlands $960 million 5 Denmark $130 million

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10^th of a billion)
WO RLDWI DE WO RLDWI DE WO RLDWI DE
AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS AGREEM ENTS
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 U.A.E. $7.0 billion*1 Egypt $5.2 billion1 Greece $2.1 billion
2 Israel $6.6 billion2 Taiwan $4.9 billion2 Turkey $1.5 billion
3 Egypt $6.4 billion3 Saudi Arabia $4.2 billion3 Egypt $1.0 billion
4 Saudi Arabia $4.4 billion4 Poland $3.8 billion4 Japan $850 million
5 Taiwan $3.9 billion5 Japan $3.4 billion.5 U.A.E. $790 million
6 Greece $3.7 billion6 South Korea $3.1 billion6 Saudi Arabia $710 million
7 South Korea $2.1 billion7 Greece $2.6 billion7 Israel $530 million
8 Singapore $1.5 billion8 Israel $2.5 billion8 Australia $520 million
9 U.K. $1.4 billion9 Turkey $2.3 billion9 Kuwait $510 million
10 Japan $1.4 billion10 Kuwait $2.0 billion10 South Korea $340 million
^*^In^clu^d^es^{a $6.432 billion}^licen^s^e^{d com}^m^e^{rcial ag}^reem^en^{t in}^{2000 f}^o^{r 80 F-}^{16 f}ⁱ^g^h^t^{er aircraf}^t^.
U.S. Deliveries to Leading Purchasers, 1998-2005
The following five regional tables provide the total dollar values of all U.S.
defense articles and defense services delivered to the top five purchasers in each
region indicated for the calendar year(s) noted for all deliveries under the U.S.
Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. These values represent the total value of all
government-to-government deliveries actually concluded between the United States
and the foreign purchaser under the FMS program during the calendar year(s)
indicated.
In a separate table (below), the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and
defense services actually delivered to the top ten purchasers worldwide is provided.
The delivery totals combine FMS deliveries concluded for the calendar year(s) noted,
and commercially licensed deliveries concluded for the pertinent fiscal year(s).

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF DELIVERIES CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)
AF RI CA AF RI CA AF RI CA
DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Kenya $9 million1 Nigeria $17 million1 Kenya $8 million
2 Ethiopia $8 million2 Kenya $16 million2 Nigeria $6 million
3 Senegal $5 million3 South Africa $8 million3 Djibouti $5 million
4 Nigeria $5 million4 Ethiopia $7 million4 Ethiopia $3 million
5 Uganda $3 million5 Djibouti $7 million5 Uganda $3 million
AMERICANAMERICANAMERICAN REPUBLICS
REP UB L I CS REP UB L I CS DELI VERI ES
DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES 2005
1998-2001 2002-2005
1 Canada $392 million1 Canada $555 million1 Chile $192 million
2 Colombia $296 million*2 Chile $210 million2 Canada $163 million

3 Brazil $194 million3 Colombia $117 million*3 Colombia $50 million*

4 Venezuela $95 million4 Brazil $57 million4 Brazil $11 million
5 Argentina $53 million5 Venezuela $49 million5 Venezuela $10 million
* Includes deliveries of defense articles and services previously sold that are related to
international narcotics programs.

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF DELIVERIES CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10^th of a billion)
ASIA ASIAASIA
DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Taiwan $6 billion1 Taiwan $4.1 billion1 Taiwan $1.3 billion
2 South Korea $3.6 billion2 South Korea $2.2 billion2 South Korea $600 million
3 Japan $1.8 billion 3 Japan $1.8 billion 3 Australia $480 million
4 Singapore $1.2 billion4 Australia $1.1 billion4 Japan $460 million
5 Australia $1.1 billion5 Singapore $1.0 billion5 Singapore $190 million
NEAR EAST NEAR EASTNEAR EAST
DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Saudi Arabia $12.6 billion1 Egypt $5.8 billion1 Israel $1.7 billion
2 Israel $3.7 billion2 Israel $4.4 billion2 Egypt $1.3 billion
3 Egypt $3.3 billion3 Saudi Arabia $4.4 billion3 Saudi Arabia $990 million
4 Kuwait $1.4 billion 4 Kuwait $770 million4 Afghanistan $410 million
5 Bahrain $500 million5 Afghanistan $740 million5 Oman $270 million
EURO P E EURO P E EURO P E
DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Turkey $2.0 billion1 Greece $3.2 billion 1 U.K. $390 million
2 Finland $1.9 billion2 U.K. $1.6 billion2 Greece $270 million
3 U.K. $1.7 billion3 Turkey $1.0 billion3 Germany $200 million
4 Greece $1.6 billion4 Spain $1.0 billion4 Netherlands $200 million

5 Switzerland $1.3 billion5 Germany $920 million5 Turkey $190 million

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF DELIVERIES CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10^th of a billion)
WO RLDWI DE WO RLDWI DE WO RLDWI DE
DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES DELI VERI ES
1998-2001 2002-2005 2005
1 Saudi Arabia $12.6 billion1 Egypt $5.8 billion 1 Israel $1.7 billion
2 Taiwan $6.0 billion2 Israel $4.4 billion2 Egypt $1.3 billion
3 Israel $3.7 billion3 Saudi Arabia $4.4 billion3 Taiwan $1.3 billion
4 South Korea $3.6 billion4 Taiwan $4.1 billion4 Saudi Arabia $990 million
5 Egypt $3.3 billion5 Greece $3.2 billion5 South Korea $610 million
6 Turkey $2.0 billion6 South Korea $2.2 billion6 Australia $480 million
7 Finland $1.9 billion7 Japan $1.8 billion7 Japan $460 million
8 Japan $1.8 billion8 U.K. $1.6 billion8 Afghanistan $410 million
9 U.K. $1.7billion9 Australia $1.1 billion9 U.K. $390 million

10 Greece $1.6 billion10 Turkey $1.0 billion10 Greece $270 million