Renewable Energy Policy in the 2008 Farm Bill

Renewable Energy Policy in the 2008 Farm Bill
Updated September 17, 2008
Tom Capehart
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Resources, Science, and Industry Division

Renewable Energy Policy in the 2008 Farm Bill
Summary
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, the 2008 farm
bill) extends and expands many of the renewable energy programs originally
authorized in the 2002 farm bill. The bill also continues the emphasis on the research
and development of advanced and cellulosic bioenergy authorized in the 2007 Energy
Independence and Security Act (P.L. 110-140).
Farm bill debate over U.S. biomass-based renewable energy production policy
focused mainly on the continuation of subsidies for ethanol blenders, continuation
of the import tariff for ethanol, and the impact of corn-based ethanol on agriculture.
The enacted bill requires reports on the economic impacts of ethanol production,
reflecting concerns that the increasing share of corn production being used for
ethanol is contributing to high commodity prices and food price inflation.
Title VII, the research title of the 2008 farm bill, contains numerous renewable
energy related provisions that promote research, development, and demonstration of
biomass-based renewable energy and biofuels. The Sun Grant Initiative coordinates
and funds research at land grant institutions on biobased energy technologies. The
Agricultural Bioenergy Feedstock and Energy Efficiency Research and Extension
Initiative provides support for on-farm biomass energy crop production research and
demonstration.
Title IX, the energy title of the farm bill, authorizes mandatory funds of $1.1
billion and discretionary funds (subject to appropriations) totaling $1.0 billion for the
FY2008-FY2012 period. Energy grants and loans provided through initiatives such
as the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels promote the development of
cellulosic biorefinery capacity. The Repowering Assistance Program supports
increasing efficiencies in existing refineries. Programs such as the Rural Energy for
America Program (REAP) assist rural communities and businesses in becoming more
energy-efficient and self-sufficient, with an emphasis on small operations. The
Biomass Crop Assistance and Development Program, the Biorefinery Assistance
Program, and the Forest Biomass for Energy Program provide support to develop
alternative feedstock resources and the infrastructure to support the production,
harvest, storage, and processing of cellulosic biomass feedstocks. Cellulosic
feedstocks — for example, switchgrass and woody biomass — are given high priority
both in research and funding.
Title XV of the 2008 farm bill contains tax and trade provisions. It continues
current biofuels tax incentives, reducing those for corn-based ethanol but expanding
tax credits for cellulosic ethanol. The tariff on ethanol imports is extended.

Contents
Background ..................................................1
Major Energy Provisions in the 2008 Farm Bill......................3
Energy Policy Issues in the 2008 Farm Bill .........................4
Cellulosic Ethanol.........................................4
Economic Impacts of Ethanol Production.......................5
Funding for Energy Programs....................................5
List of Tables
Table 1. 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246): Authorized Funding for
Energy Provisions, FY2008-FY2012...............................6
Table 2. 2002 Farm Bill Title IX Energy Funding (Presidential Request,
Authorization, and Enactment), by Provision, FY2002 to FY2007........8
Table A-1. Comparison of the Enacted 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246) with
Previous Law and the House- and Senate-Passed 2008 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2419)..................................................9

Renewable Energy Policy
in the 2008 Farm Bill
Background
Renewable energy policy in the 2008 farm bill builds on earlier programs first
established in the 2002 farm bill. The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
2002 (P.L. 107-171, FSRIA) was the first omnibus farm bill to explicitly include an
energy title (Title IX). The energy title authorized grants, loans, and loan guarantees
to foster research on agriculture-based renewable energy, to share development risk,
and to promote the adoption of renewable energy systems.¹ For example, the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Bioenergy Program (Sec. 9006 of P.L.
107-171) — whose funding expired in FY2006 — provided direct incentives to
expand actual production of bioenergy. See Table 2 for a list of provisions in the

2002 farm bill’s energy title and their funding levels.

Since enactment of the 2002 farm bill, interest in renewable energy has grown
rapidly, due in large part to a strong rise in domestic and international petroleum
prices and a dramatic acceleration in domestic biofuels production (primarily corn-
based ethanol).² Many policymakers view agriculture-based biofuels as both a
catalyst for rural economic development and a response to growing energy import
dependence. Ethanol and biodiesel, the two most widely used biofuels, receive
significant federal support in the form of tax incentives, loans and grants, and
regulatory programs.³
The 2008 farm bill became law six months after the enactment of the Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA, P.L. 110-140), and many of its
provisions also build on the goals of EISA.⁴ The emphasis on facilitating production
of biofuels derived from cellulosic feedstocks reflects the goals of the renewable
fuels standard (RFS) in EISA. It includes a significant expansion of the RFS to 36
billion gallons by 2022, with carve-outs for biodiesel (1 billion gallons by 2012) and
cellulosic ethanol (16 billion gallons by 2022) and an implicit cap on corn-starch

¹ For more information, see CRS Report RL32712, Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy
by Randy Schnepf. For details of previous law, see USDA, 2002 Farm Bill, “Title IX —
Energy,” available at [http://www.ers.usda.gov/Features/Farmbill/titles/titleIXenergy.htm].
² For more information on agriculture and bioenergy, see CRS Report RL32712,
Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy Production; and CRS Report RL33290, Fuel Ethanol:
Background and Public Policy Issues, by Brent Yacobucci.
³ For a listing of federal incentives in support of biofuels production, see CRS Report
RL33572, Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by Brent D. Yacobucci.
⁴ For more information, see CRS Report RL34294, Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007: A Summary of Major Provisions, coordinated by Fred Sissine.

ethanol (15 billion gallons by 2015). This RFS expansion is likely to have a
significant impact on the U.S. agriculture sector.⁵
The emphasis on cellulosic ethanol also reflects increasing concerns about the
economic and environmental issues associated with corn-starch-based ethanol.
Record high commodity prices in 2007 and 2008 combined with high energy costs
have resulted in sharp increases in livestock feed costs, export prices, and domestic
food price inflation. For the first time, an agricultural commodity is directly
competing with petroleum in the marketplace. Ethanol production, the profitability
of which depends directly on both petroleum and corn prices, accounts for about a
third of U.S. corn production. The increase in corn used for U.S. ethanol production
exceeds the increase in corn produced during the past three years. Today, as
petroleum prices rise so has demand for ethanol as a substitute, which in turn
increases both the demand for and price of corn. The “food versus fuel” debate
intensified during the farm bill debate as food price inflation accelerated both in the
U.S. and globally — highlighting some of the potential problems associated with
replacing even a small share of the nation’s gasoline consumption with corn-based
ethanol. Competition for limited corn supplies between livestock producers, ethanol
refiners, exporters, and other domestic users have resulted in calls for at least a partial
waiver of the RFS in 2009.⁶
Cellulosic ethanol is produced from cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin which
is derived from the structural material that provides much of the mass of plants.
Cellulosic ethanol is produced from non-food crops and trees that can be grown on
marginal land with low inputs, and appears to offer environmental benefits over
corn-based ethanol.⁷ Common sources are grasses, corn stover, and wood chips.
Many of the federal programs that currently support renewable energy
production in general, and agriculture-based energy production in particular, are
outside the purview of USDA and have legislative origins outside of the farm bill.⁸
For example, the RFS mandates the inclusion of an increasing volume of biofuels in
the national fuel supply. This originated with the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L.
109-58) and was more recently expanded in EISA. Similarly, the federal tax credits
available to biofuels blenders and wind energy producers were initially contained in

⁵ For more information, see CRS Report RL34265, Seclected Issues Related to an Expansion
of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), by Brent Yacobucci and Tom Capehart.
⁶ In April 2008, Texas Gov. Rick Perry wrote the Environmental Protection Agency seeking
a waiver from the federal ethanol mandate, noting its contribution to higher food prices and
dire impact on the cattle industry. Also, see CRS Report RS22870, Waiver Authority Under
the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), by Brent D. Yacobucci.
⁷ For more information see CRS Report RL33928, Ethanol and Biofuels: Agriculture,
Infrastructure, and Market Constraints Related to Expanded Production, by Brent
Yacobucci and Randy Schnepf.
⁸ For more information see CRS Report RL32712, Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy.
For a complete listing of renewable energy legislative proposals introduced during the 110^th
Congress, see CRS Report RL33831, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation^th
in the 110 Congress, by Fred Sissine, Anne Gillis, and Mark Gurevitz.

the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357) but have now been moved
to the farm bill.
Major Energy Provisions in the 2008 Farm Bill
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, H.R. 6124),
enacted in June 2008,⁹ significantly expands existing programs to promote biofuels.
Like the previous farm bill, it contains a distinct energy title (Title IX) that covers a
wide range of energy and agricultural topics with extensive attention to biofuels,
including corn-starch based ethanol, cellulosic ethanol, and biodiesel. Research
provisions relating to renewable energy are found in Title VII and tax and trade
provisions are found in Title XV.
The final 2008 farm bill keeps the structure of Title IX as it was in the Senate-
passed version of the farm bill. Title IX serves as a substitute amendment to the
2002 farm bill Title IX and consists of 3 sections. The first section, 9001, contains
13 new provisions which effectively replace the provisions of the 2002 bill. (See
Table A-1 for a side-by-side comparison of previous law with the energy titles from
the enacted farm bill and the House- and Senate-passed versions of the 2008 farm
bill.)
Key biofuels-related provisions in the enacted 2008 farm bill include:
^!emphasis on cellulosic ethanol production through new blender’s
tax credits, promotion of cellulosic feedstocks production,
feedstocks infrastructure and refinery development;
^!grants and loan guarantees for biofuels (especially cellulosic)
research, development, deployment, and production;
^!studies of the market and environmental impacts of increased
biofuel use;
^!expansion of biofuel feedstock availability;
^!expansion of the existing biobased marketing program to
encourage federal procurement of biobased products;
^!support for rural energy efficiency and self-sufficiency;
^!reauthorization of biofuels research programs within the U.S.
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Protection
Agency;
^!an education program to promote the use and understanding of
biodiesel;
^!reduction of the blenders’ tax credit for corn-based ethanol;

⁹ The conference agreement on the 2008 farm bill was originally approved by the House and
the Senate as H.R. 2419 and vetoed by the President in May 2008. Both chambers overrode
the veto, making the bill law (P.L. 110-234). However, the trade title was inadvertently
excluded from the enrolled bill. To remedy the situation, both chambers repassed the farm
bill conference agreement (including the trade title) as H.R. 6124. The President vetoed the
measure in June 2008 and both chambers again overrode the veto, which made H.R. 6124
law (P.L. 110-246), and repealed P.L. 110-234.

^!continuation and expansion of the federal bio-products
certification program;
^!environmental safeguards through greenhouse gas emission
requirements on new biofuel production, and
^!continuation of the import duty on ethanol.
Energy Policy Issues in the 2008 Farm Bill
Cellulosic Ethanol. The 2008 farm bill energy title provides $1 billion in
financial incentives and support to encourage the production of advanced (mainly
cellulosic) biofuels.¹⁰ Grants and loan guarantees leverage industry investments in
new technologies and the production of cellulosic feedstocks. For instance, the
Biomass Crop Assistance Program supports the production of dedicated crop and
forest cellulosic feedstocks and provides incentives for harvest and post production
storage and transport. Advanced biofuels refinery capacity construction is assisted
under the Biorefinery Program for Advanced Biofuels through grants and loans for
the development, construction, and retrofitting of commercial-scale refineries to
produce advanced biofuels. These programs are supported by increased funding for
advanced biofuels research under the Agricultural Bioenergy Feedstock and Energy
Efficiency Research and Extension Initiative, and the Sun Grant Program which
support and coordinate advanced biofuels research, extension, and development
between government agencies, universities, and research institutions.
Currently, cellulosic ethanol is not produced on a commercial scale. As of July
2008, there was one commercial scale refinery under construction, two
demonstration- scale plants and three pilot-scale plants completed. There are 39
additional plants either under construction or in the planning stage.¹¹ Industry
sources expect commercial production of cellulosic ethanol to begin in 2009 or 2010.
The RFS mandates cellulosic ethanol production of 100 million gallons in 2010.
Tax Credits and Tariffs. Title XV of the farm bill contains provisions which
extend and modify tax credits and tariffs on ethanol. In keeping with the promotion
of cellulosic ethanol, a blenders’ credit of $1.01 per gallon applies to ethanol
produced from qualifying cellulosic feedstocks. This tax credit is intended to spur
investment in cellulosic ethanol production. The existing ethanol blenders’ tax credit
of $0.54 per gallon (which applies to all ethanol blended, including imports) falls to
$0.45 per gallon the first year following that year in which U.S. ethanol production
and imports exceed 7.5 billion gallons. It is expected that production and imports in
2008 will exceed 7.5 billion gallons and the tax credit will be reduced beginning in

2009.

¹⁰ Advanced biofuels include biofuels derived from cellulosic feedstocks; sugar and starch
other than corn kernel-starch; waste material including crop residue, animal, plant, or food
waste; diesel fuel produced from renewable biomass including vegetable oil and animal fat;
butanol or other alcohols produced through the conversion of organic matter; and other fuels
derived from cellulosic biomass.
¹¹ Cellulosic Biofuels Fact Sheet, Environmental and Energy Study Institute, July 2008.

The import tariff for ethanol benefits the U.S. ethanol industry by protecting
U.S. ethanol from lower cost imports. The tariff also keeps imported ethanol from
benefitting from the blenders’ tax credit when it is blended into gasoline in the
United States. The tariff of $0.54 per gallon which was set to expire at the end of

2008 is now extended to the end of 2010.

Economic Impacts of Ethanol Production. The impact of increased
ethanol production on agricultural and rural economies was a subject of debate
during the farm bill process. As a result, the farm bill includes provisions requiring
a series of reports assessing how ethanol production may be impacting the farm
economy, the environment, and consumer food prices. Among these are the
Comprehensive Study of Biofuels (to be conducted by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department
of Energy (DOE), and the National Academy of Sciences) and the Biofuels
Infrastructure Study by USDA, DOE, Department of Transportation (DOT), and
EPA. The Biomass Crop Assistance Program requires an assessment of the
economic impacts of expanded cellulosic biomass production on local economies and
infrastructures. Likewise, the Biomass Research and Development Program requires
a report on the economic impacts of rural economies of biorefinery expansion and
conversion by USDA.
Funding for Energy Programs
Table 1 illustrates mandatory and discretionary spending levels for renewable
energy programs in the 2008 farm bill. Title IX authorizes $1.1 billion in mandatory
funding for FY2008 through FY2012, compared with $800 million in the 2002 farm
bill in (FY2002-FY2007).¹² Of the mandatory funding, $320 million was allocated
to the Biorefinery Assistance Program, $300 million to the Bioenergy Program for
Advanced Biofuels and $255 million to the Rural Energy for America Program
(REAP). Authorizations for appropriations in the 2008 farm bill total $1 billion, four
times the $245 million in the 2002 farm bill. Most of the increase is for the
Biorefinery Assistance Program, which has an authorization $600 million higher than
in the 2002 farm bill. Table 2 provides a list of provisions in the 2002 farm bill’s
energy title for FY2002 through FY2007 and their funding levels (as requested by the
President, and as authorized and provided by Congress).

¹² Mandatory funds are authorized and provided by legislation. Discretionary funds must
be appropriated annually.

CRS-6
Table 1. 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246):
Authorized Funding for Energy Provisions, FY2008-FY2012
^l^e^IX^Sum^:
ⁱ^ons^S^{ection and Provis}ⁱ^{on Nam}^e^{Funding Status}^FY2008^FY2009^FY2010^FY2011^FY2012^FY^08-FY¹²
^{———————— $}^m^illioⁿ^s^{—————— —}
^I^-^Resear^ch
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^an^d^Ex^ten^s^ioⁿ^Iⁿ^itiativ^e
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ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^an^d^Ex^ten^s^ioⁿ^Iⁿ^itiativ^e
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CRS-7
^l^e^IX^Sum^:
ⁱ^ons^S^{ection and Provis}ⁱ^{on Nam}^e^{Funding Status}^FY2008^FY2009^FY2010^FY2011^FY2012^FY^08-FY¹²
^{———————— $}^m^illioⁿ^s^{—————— —}
^Bi^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^an^{d D}^e^v^e^l^opm^en^t^A^c^t^M^an^dat^o^ry⁰²⁰²⁸³⁰⁴⁰¹¹⁸
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^Feeds^t^ock^Flex^ibility^P^r^og^ram^f^o^{r B}ⁱ^oen^e^rg^y^P^r^odu^cers^M^an^datory⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰
^A^d^d^itioⁿ^a^{l f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^au^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^D^iscr^etioⁿ^a^r^y^SSA^N^SSA^N^SSA^N^SSA^N^SSA^N^SSA^N
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^g/w^T^o^{tal Dis}^cretionary^Funding^Dis^cretiona^ry^$140^$418^$417^$417^$417^$1,809
^s^.or^T^o^{tal M}^a^ndatory^Funding^M^a^ndatory^$2^$243^$391^$188^$218^$1,042
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CRS-8
Table 2. 2002 Farm Bill Title IX Energy Funding (Presidential Request, Authorization, and Enactment),
by Provision, FY2002 to FY2007^d
^FY²⁰⁰²^FY²⁰⁰³^FY²⁰⁰⁴^FY²⁰⁰⁵^FY²⁰⁰⁶^FY²⁰⁰⁷
^Pres^.^a^Pres^.^a^Pres^.^a^Pres^.^a^Pres^.^a^Pres^.^a
^{Current law}^provisⁱ^on^Req.^Auth.^E^na^ct.^Req.^Auth.^E^na^ct.^Req.^Auth.^E^na^ct.^Req.^Auth.^E^na^ct.^Req.^Auth.^E^na^ct.^Req.^Auth.^E^na^ct.
^$^m^illio^ns^$^m^illio^ns^$^m^illio^ns^$^m^illio^ns^$^m^illio^ns^$^m^illio^ns
^F^e^deral^Bi^obas^e^{d Produ}^ct¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹⁰
^Bⁱ^o^r^ef^iner^y^Develo^p^m^{ent Gr}^ants⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰
^Bⁱ^odies^{el Fu}^{el Edu}^cation^P^r^og^ram¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹⁰
^En^erg^y^A^u^di^t^an^{d R}^eⁿ^e^w^a^bl^{e En}^erg^y⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰
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^Hy^d^r^o^g^{en and}^{Fuel Cell T}^echno^lo^gies⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰⁰^SSA^N⁰
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^e^pres^en^ts^{a com}^bⁱⁿ^ation^of^th^{e am}^ouⁿ^t^au^th^or^{ized by}^th^{e 2002 Farm}^B^{ill, les}^s^an^y^redu^ction^sⁱⁿ^a^nnua^l^a^p^p^r^o^p^rⁱ^a^tⁱ^o^{ns a}^c^t^s,^p^l^{us d}ⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng p}^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^d^w^h^e^r^e
^h^{e Def}ⁱ^{cit R}^e^du^ction^A^c^{t of}^{2005 (P}^.L^{. 109-}^{171) redu}^{ced S}^{ec. 9006 m}^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^by^$20^m^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2007, leav}ⁱⁿ^g^{$3 m}^illion^as^th^{e au}^th^{orized lev}^e^{l f}^o^{r FY2007.}
^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{310 (7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{8609) of}^t^h^{e Bi}^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^an^{d D}^e^v^e^l^opm^en^t^A^c^t^of^{2000 (P.L}^{. 106-}^{224) prov}ⁱ^d^es^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^au^t^h^o^rization^of^{$200 m}^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}^of^FY2006
^{ugh FY}^2015.
^m^p^{lete d}^a^{ta o}ⁿ^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^b^y^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^{is n}^o^{t y}^e^{t av}^ailab^l^e.

Table A-1. Comparison of the Enacted 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246) with Previous Law and the
House- and Senate-Passed 2008 Farm Bill (H.R. 2419)
^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^{tle VI}^I^:^Agricultural^Resea^{rch a}^{nd Ext}^e^nsioⁿ
^r^ient^M^a^na^g^e^m^e^nt^Resea^{rch a}^{nd Ext}^e^nsio^{n Init}^ia^tⁱ^v^e
ⁱ^oⁿ^1673(h⁾^of^t^h^{e F}^{ood, A}^g^ri^cu^l^t^u^re,^E^x^t^e^nd^{s t}^h^e^nut^rⁱ^eⁿ^t^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^E^x^t^e^nd^{s p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. [S}^ec.^T^h^{e C}^oⁿ^f^eren^{ce s}^u^bs^titu^{te adopts}^th^e
ⁿ^s^erv^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^,^an^{d T}^r^{ade A}^c^t^of¹⁹⁹⁰^r^e^sear^ch^an^d^ex^ten^s^ioⁿⁱⁿ^itiativ^{e th}^r^o^u^g^h^7103]^Ho^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^w^ith^an^am^en^d^m^en^{t to}
^{. 101-}^{624) au}^t^h^ori^{zed m}^a^t^c^hⁱⁿ^g^{2012 an}^{d adds}^dairy^{cattle w}^a^s^t^{e as}^aⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e t}^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^ren^e^w^a^bl^e
^an^{ts u}ⁿ^d^er^th^{e f}^a^r^m^b^{ill n}^u^t^rⁱ^en^t^t^y^{pe of}^w^a^s^t^{e t}^o^{be s}^t^u^dⁱ^e^{d. T}^h^e^en^erg^y^f^r^om^an^im^{al w}^a^s^t^{e as}^an^elig^ible
ⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^res^earch^an^{d ex}^ten^s^ion^au^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^f^o^r^su^ch^activ^ity^{to receiv}^e^g^r^an^ts^uⁿ^d^{er th}^is
^{e f}^o^r^fⁱⁿ^dⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿⁿ^o^v^a^tiv^{e m}^e^th^o^d^s^sum^s^a^s^ne^c^e^ssa^r^yⁱ^s^e^x^t^e^nd^e^d^a^nnua^l^l^y^s^ection^.^A^u^th^orizes^s^u^ch^s^u^m^s^as
^{d tech}ⁿ^o^logⁱ^es^f^o^{r econ}^o^mⁱ^{c u}^s^{e or}^f^o^{r F}^Y^2008-^{12. [S}^{ec. 7307]}^ne^c^e^ssa^r^y^a^nnua^l^l^y^fo^r^FY^2007-^{12. [S}^ec.
^pos^{al of}^an^im^{al w}^a^s^t^{e. Ex}^ten^d^ed^7205]
^o^ugh^{2007 i}ⁿ^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{.7120 of}^t^h^e
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^a^rm^{bill. Su}^ch^s^u^m^s^asⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^r^e^a^p^p^r^o^p^rⁱ^a^t^e^d^a^nnua^l^l^y^fo^r^FY^1999-
^g/w^{2007. [7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^5925a]
^s^.or
^le^ak^ri^cu^l^t^u^r^al^Bi^oen^{ergy Feed}^s^t^ock^an^d^Eⁿ^{ergy E}^f^{ficiency Res}^e^{arch and E}^x^tens^ion
^ia^tⁱ^v^e
^://wiki^P^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Iⁿ^{itiates m}^u^lti-^r^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^{al b}ⁱ^o^m^{ass cr}^o^p^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9010 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. R}^e^gⁱ^on^al^Estab^lish^e^{s th}^{e A}^g^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l B}ⁱ^o^eⁿ^e^r^g^y
^h^ttp^e^x^p^e^rⁱ^m^e^nt^{s w}ⁱ^t^h^a^ne^t^w^o^r^{k o}^f^Bi^om^as^s^C^r^{op Ex}^peri^m^eⁿ^t^s^.^Es^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^Feeds^t^ock^an^{d En}^erg^y^Ef^fⁱ^cien^cy
^l^a^borat^ori^e^s^t^o^provⁱ^d^{e a s}^o^uⁿ^d^{a prog}^ram^of^regⁱ^on^al^bi^om^as^s^crop^Resear^ch^an^d^Ex^ten^s^ioⁿ^Iⁿ^itiativ^{e, a}
^kⁿ^o^w^l^edg^e^bas^e^on^t^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^ex^peri^m^eⁿ^t^s^at^{10 g}^e^og^raphⁱ^cal^l^y^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^to^aw^ar^d^co^m^p^etitiv^{e m}^a^tchⁱⁿ^g
^biom^as^s^en^erg^y^crops^{, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^crop^dⁱ^sp^er^sed^an^d^co^m^p^etitiv^ely^selected^(u^{p t}^o^50%^{) g}^r^an^t^s^f^o^{r proj}^ect^s^wⁱ^t^h^a
^s^p^ecies^{, n}^u^t^rien^{t requ}^irem^en^ts^,^lan^d^-^g^r^aⁿ^t^uⁿⁱ^v^e^r^s^{ities. I}ⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al g}^r^an^ts^f^o^cu^s^on^s^u^pportⁱⁿ^g^on^-^f^a^rm^bi^om^as^s
^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^p^r^a^c^tⁱ^c^e^s^,^e^nvi^r^o^nm^eⁿ^t^a^l^{total $4 m}^illion^f^o^{r FY2008-}^10.C^r^op^{crop res}^earch^an^{d th}^{e dis}^s^e^mⁱⁿ^a^tion^of
ⁱ^m^p^a^c^t^s,^gr^e^e^nho^use^ga^{s i}^m^p^lⁱ^c^a^tⁱ^o^ns,^ex^perim^eⁿ^t^s^{are to in}^clu^d^{e all appropriate}^r^e^su^{lts to}^en^h^aⁿ^{ce th}^{e p}^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^o^f
^an^d^ecoⁿ^o^mⁱ^{cs. Co}^m^p^etitiv^{e g}^r^an^{ts to}^b^e^biom^as^s^s^p^ecies^{, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^perenⁿⁱ^als^,^biom^as^s^en^erg^y^crops^an^{d th}^{e in}^teg^r^ation
^aw^{arded t}^o^{a n}^e^t^w^ork^of^l^a^borat^ori^e^s^.^a^nnua^l^s^,^aⁿ^d^w^oody^bi^om^as^s^s^p^eci^esⁱⁿ^of^s^u^ch^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^t^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of
^Discr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^au^th^o^r^ized^coordin^a^tion^w^ith^th^{e B}ⁱ^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^bi^oen^e^rg^y^.^Dⁱ^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s
^of^{$50 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^FY^2008-^12.^an^{d D}^e^v^e^l^opm^en^t^{Board an}^{d w}ⁱ^t^h^t^h^e^of^{$50 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^a^r^e^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^d
^[S^{ec 7410]}^Suⁿ^Gran^{t C}^eⁿ^t^ers^.^Es^tablis^h^e^s^{a “}^b^es^t^f^o^{r F}^Y^2008-^{12. [S}^{ec. 7207]}

^practices^”databas^{e on}^{all as}^pects^of
^bi^om^as^s^{crop produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.^Man^d^at^ory
^{CCC fund}^{ing o}^f^{$10 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2008,
^{$20 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2009, an}^{d $10 m}^illion
ⁱⁿ^F^Y^{2010. [S}^{ec. 9001]}

^fe^e^d^st^o^c^{k w}ⁱ^t^h^sw^e^e^t^so^r^ghum^aⁿ^d
^sw^itc^hgr^a^ss.^Disc^r^e^tio^na^r^y^fund^{s o}^f^$²⁰
^m^illion^{are au}^th^{orized f}^o^{r FY2008-}
^F^Y^{2012. [S}^{ec. 9020]}

^produ^ction^an^{d u}^s^{e ef}^fⁱ^cien^cies^{. Each}
^d^e^sigⁿ^a^ted^en^tity^w^o^u^l^d^ser^v^{e as a}

^st^a^r^c^h^e^s⁽^e^.^g^.^,^so^r^ghum⁾^,^suga^r^,^a^s^w^e^l^l^a^s
^cellu^losⁱ^{c biom}^as^s^{or org}^aⁿⁱ^{c w}^a^s^t^{e; it}
^als^oⁱⁿ^clu^d^es^org^aⁿⁱ^cally^-^d^eriv^{ed biog}^as^,

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^b^u^tan^o^{l o}^r^o^t^h^e^r^alco^h^o^{ls; an}^d^,ⁿ^o^tab^l^y^,
^bi^odi^es^el^.
^Oth^e^r^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^sⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e B}ⁱ^o^b^a^sed
^P^r^o^d^u^{ct; B}ⁱ^o^m^{ass Co}ⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^Facility^,
^Bⁱ^o^r^efⁱⁿ^er^y^,^Iⁿ^ter^m^ed^{iate I}ⁿ^g^r^ed^ien^t^o^r
^Feeds^t^ock^;^R^eⁿ^e^w^a^{ble B}ⁱ^om^as^s^,^an^d
^R^eⁿ^e^w^a^bl^{e En}^erg^y^{. [S}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^9001]
^ob^as^ed^M^a^rk^ets^p^r^ogram
^e^quⁱ^r^es^f^e^deral^ag^en^ci^es^t^o^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s f}^e^d^e^r^a^{l co}^m^m^itm^en^{t to}^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9002 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. C}^oⁿ^tⁱⁿ^u^e^s^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9002 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. R}^eⁿ^a^m^e^s
^rch^a^s^e^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^s^uⁿ^d^{er cert}^aⁱⁿ^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^pref^eren^{ce i}ⁿⁱ^t^s^t^h^{e F}^e^deral^Bi^obas^e^{d Produ}^ct^s^prog^ram^as^t^h^{e Bi}^obas^e^{d Mark}^et^s
ⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^an^d^au^th^o^r^{ize a v}^o^luⁿ^t^ar^y^p^u^r^c^ha^se^s.^Re^q^uⁱ^r^e^s^a^nnua^l^r^e^p^o^r^t^s^fr^o^m^P^r^ocu^r^em^en^{t P}^r^og^ram^,^clarif^yⁱⁿ^g^th^at^P^r^og^ram^.^R^e^qu^ires^procu^rⁱⁿ^g^ag^en^cies^to
^e^{d l}^a^belⁱⁿ^g^prog^ram^.^U^S^D^A^ag^en^cies^{to A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{rator of}^Federal^bⁱ^o^b^a^sedⁱⁿ^ter^m^ed^{iate in}^g^r^ed^ien^t^{s an}^d^es^tablis^h^{a prog}^ram^an^{d s}^p^ecifⁱ^cation^s^f^o^r
^u^l^atⁱ^oⁿ^s^defⁱⁿ^e^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^s^,^P^r^o^c^u^r^em^en^{t P}^o^licy^.^A^l^so^r^e^q^u^ir^es^f^eeds^t^ock^s^qu^alif^y^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{e prog}^ram^.^It^procu^rⁱⁿ^g^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^s^(ex^c^l^u^diⁿ^g
^tⁱ^f^y^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^cat^eg^ori^e^s^,^an^d^a^nnua^l^r^e^p^o^r^t^s^fr^o^m^U^S^D^A^t^o^Co^ngr^e^s^s^also^r^e^q^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^estab^lish^a^m^o^{tor v}^e^hⁱ^{cle f}^u^els^,^h^eatin^g^{oil, or}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^ecif^y^th^{e criteria f}^o^{r qu}^alif^yⁱⁿ^g^th^os^e^oⁿ^im^p^l^em^en^tatioⁿ^statu^s^{. Clar}^if^{ies th}^at^v^o^l^uⁿ^t^ary^l^a^belⁱⁿ^g^prog^ram^f^o^{r bi}^obas^e^d^electrⁱ^city⁾^.^Estab^lish^e^{s th}^{e v}^o^luⁿ^t^ar^y
^g/w^ct^s^f^o^{r pref}^{erred procu}^r^em^en^t^.^p^r^o^d^u^{cts w}^ith^{at least 5}^%^o^fⁱⁿ^ter^m^ed^iate^produ^ct^s^—^“^U^S^D^A^C^e^rtⁱ^fⁱ^e^{d Bi}^obas^e^d^lab^e^lin^g^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^:^“^U^SDA^Cer^tif^ied
^s^.or^d^ato^r^y^Co^m^m^o^d^ity^Cr^ed^itⁱⁿ^g^r^edien^t^s^an^{d f}^eeds^t^ock^th^{at are}^P^r^o^d^u^{ct.” A}^d^d^itioⁿ^a^lly^{, th}^{is sectio}ⁿ^Bi^obas^e^{d Produ}^ct^{.” R}^e^quⁱ^r^es^U^S^D^A^t^o
^le^ak^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ⁽^C^CC)^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^o^f^$¹^m^illioⁿ^bi^obas^e^{d s}^h^ou^l^d^{be con}^sⁱ^d^{ered u}ⁿ^d^{er t}^h^e^prov^ides^g^r^an^ts^f^o^{r edu}^cation^an^d^estab^lish^{a n}^a^tioⁿ^a^{l r}^e^gⁱ^str^y^o^f^bⁱ^o^b^a^sed
^th^{orized f}^o^{r each}^of^F^Y^{2002 th}^rou^g^h^pref^eren^{ce. R}^e^qu^ires^USDA^{to com}^p^lete^aw^aren^es^s^of^bi^oen^e^rg^y^an^{d bi}^obas^e^d^testin^g^cen^ter^s^an^d^{a r}^e^p^o^r^{t o}ⁿ
^://wiki^{2007 f}^o^{r t}^e^s^tⁱⁿ^g^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^s^.^[7^S^.^C^.^8101]^r^u^l^e^m^a^ki^{ng o}ⁿ^l^a^b^e^lⁱ^{ng r}^e^gul^a^tⁱ^o^n.^In^creas^es^m^aⁿ^d^atory^C^C^C^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^{to $2}^p^r^o^d^u^{cts. P}^r^o^v^id^{es $}³^m^illioⁿ^p^e^r^y^earⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2008 t}^h^rou^g^h^im^p^l^em^en^tatioⁿ^.^Man^d^ato^r^y^CCC^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$1 m}^illioⁿⁱⁿ^{2008, an}^{d $2}
^h^ttp^m^illion^f^o^{r each}^of^{FY2008 th}^rou^g^h^F^Y^{2012. [S}^{ec. 9001]}^m^illio^{n a}^nnua^lly^fo^r^FY^2009-^F^Y^2012.
^F^Y^{2012 f}^o^{r bi}^o-^produ^ct^t^e^s^tⁱⁿ^g^,^l^a^belⁱⁿ^g^,^Discr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^o^f^$²^m^illioⁿ
^an^{d procu}^r^em^en^{t res}^earch^{, prom}^otion^,^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱ^s^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^d^fo^r^FY^2009-
^an^{d aw}^aren^es^sⁱⁿ^itiativ^es^{. [Sec. 9002]}^F^Y^{2012. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^{orefinery As}^sⁱ^s^t^ance
^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^In^cl^u^d^{ed i}ⁿ^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9003, bel}^o^w^.^In^cl^u^d^{ed i}ⁿⁿ^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9005 of}^F^S^R^IA^,^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9003 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Bi}^orefⁱⁿ^ery
^bel^o^w^.^A^ssistaⁿ^c^e^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^A^s^{sists in the}
^dev^e^l^opm^en^t^ofⁿ^e^w^an^{d em}^ergⁱⁿ^g
^techⁿ^o^logⁱ^es^f^o^{r th}^{e dev}^e^lopm^en^{t of}
^ad^v^aⁿ^ced^bⁱ^o^f^u^e^{ls. P}^r^o^v^id^{es co}^m^p^etitiv^e
^g^r^an^ts^an^{d loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^ees^f^o^r
^coⁿ^s^tr^u^c^tioⁿ^an^d^r^e^tr^o^f^ittin^g^o^f
^bi^orefⁱⁿ^eri^e^s^f^o^{r t}^h^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of
^adv^aⁿ^{ced biof}^u^e^ls^{. B}ⁱ^orefⁱⁿ^ery^g^r^an^ts
^p^r^o^v^id^ed^f^o^r^u^p^to³⁰^%^o^f^to^{tal co}^st.
^Each^l^o^an^g^u^a^ran^t^{ee i}^s^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d t}^o^$250

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^m^illioⁿ^o^r⁸⁰^%^o^f^p^r^o^j^{ect co}^st.
^Man^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$75 m}^illionⁱⁿ
^{FY2009 an}^{d $245 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2010,
^av^ailab^l^{e u}ⁿ^{til ex}^p^eⁿ^d^ed^f^o^r^lo^an
^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^s^.^Dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng o}^f
^{$150 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱ^s^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^d^fo^r
^F^Y^2009-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^po^w^e^rⁱ^ng^Assist^aⁿ^c^e
ⁱ^oⁿ^{9003. Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^{d a g}^r^an^t^R^eⁿ^a^m^e^{d as}^th^{e B}ⁱ^orefⁱⁿ^ery^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9005 of}^F^S^R^IA^:^R^eⁿ^a^m^e^d^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9004 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Prov}ⁱ^d^es
^ram^{to h}^e^{lp f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^{ce th}^{e cos}^t^of^Dev^e^lopm^en^{t P}^r^og^ram^an^{d ex}^ten^d^ed^th^{e B}ⁱ^orefⁱⁿ^ery^an^{d R}^e^pow^erin^g^pay^m^en^ts^{to en}^cou^r^ag^{e bioref}ⁱⁿ^eriesⁱⁿ
^ve^l^o^pⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^c^o^nst^r^uc^tⁱ^{ng b}ⁱ^o^r^e^fⁱⁿ^e^rⁱ^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. It replaces}^g^r^an^ts^w^ith^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce P}^r^og^ram^,^{it ref}^o^cu^s^e^s^ex^is^ten^{ce on}^th^{e date of}^en^actm^eⁿ^t^to
^{d bi}^of^u^e^l^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^pl^an^t^s^t^o^carry^ou^t^ne^w^l^o^aⁿ^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^o^f^$²^em^ph^asⁱ^s^on^“^a^dv^an^{ced bi}^of^u^e^l^”^c^o^nve^r^t^fr^o^m^fo^ssi^l^fue^l^t^o^r^e^ne^w^a^b^l^e
^ects^{to dem}^oⁿ^s^{trate th}^{e com}^m^e^rcial^b^illioⁿ^f^o^r^bⁱ^o^r^efⁱⁿ^er^{ies — o}ⁿ^e-^h^a^lf^f^o^r^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿⁱⁿ^ren^e^w^a^bl^e-^f^u^el^-^pow^ered^en^erg^y^pow^{er s}^o^u^r^ces^{. En}^cou^r^ag^esⁿ^e^w
^ility^o^f^coⁿ^v^e^r^tin^g^bⁱ^o^m^{ass to}^f^u^els^loan^s^les^s^th^an^{$100 m}^illion^,^an^{d th}^e^bⁱ^o^r^efⁱⁿ^er^{ies. P}^r^o^v^id^{es co}^m^p^etitiv^e^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^en^erg^y^f^o^{r ref}ⁱⁿ^e^ri^es^f^r^om
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^em^icals^.^{No m}^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^w^a^s^ot^h^e^{r h}^a^l^f^f^o^{r l}^o^an^s^bet^w^een^{$100 an}^d^g^r^an^t^s^f^o^{r u}^p^t^o^50%^of^proj^ect^cos^t^s^f^o^r^ren^e^w^a^bl^{e bi}^om^as^s^.^Man^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g
^g/w^th^o^r^ized^an^dⁿ^o^dⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^{$250 m}^illion^.^T^h^{e loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^{ee w}^o^u^l^d^p^ilo^t-^an^d^d^e^m^oⁿ^s^tr^atioⁿ^-^scale^of^{$35 m}^illion^f^o^{r FY2009, to rem}^aⁱⁿ
^s^.or^s^been^appropri^a^t^e^{d f}^o^{r t}^h^{e prog}^ram^.^co^v^e^r⁹⁰^%^o^f^an^elig^ib^{le lo}^an^{. Req}^u^ir^es^bⁱ^o^r^e^fⁱⁿ^e^rⁱ^e^s;^m^a^t^c^hi^{ng fund}^{s fo}^r^av^ailab^l^{e u}ⁿ^{til ex}^p^eⁿ^d^ed^{. Discr}^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y
^le^ak^eref^{ore, n}^o^im^plem^en^tation^reg^u^l^ation^s^th^{at con}^s^tru^c^tion^con^t^ractors^an^d^f^easib^ility^stu^d^{ies; co}^m^p^etitiv^{e g}^r^an^{ts f}^o^r^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$15 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^fo^r
^v^e^been^dev^e^l^{oped. [7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^8103]^s^u^bcon^t^r^act^ors^on^f^e^deral^l^y^as^sⁱ^s^t^{ed l}^o^an^u^p^to²⁰^%^o^f^to^{tal co}^{sts f}^o^r^th^e^F^Y^2009-^{12 i}^s^au^t^h^ori^{zed. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^://wiki^g^u^a^ran^t^{ee proj}^ects^pay^th^{eir em}^ploy^eesⁿ^o^{t less th}^an^th^{e p}^r^ev^ailin^g^w^a^g^eⁱⁿ^th^e^repow^eriⁿ^g^of^f^o^s^sⁱ^l^-^f^u^el^{ed bi}^om^as^s^coⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^f^{acilities w}^ith^r^eⁿ^e^w^a^b^l^e
^h^ttp^sam^e^lo^cality^uⁿ^d^er^th^{e Dav}ⁱ^s-^B^acoⁿ^A^c^t.^res^o^u^r^ces^{; an}^{d loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^ees^f^o^{r u}^p^to
^A^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^{CCC fund}ⁱ^{ng o}^f⁸⁰^%^o^f^to^{tal elig}^ib^{le p}^r^o^j^{ect co}^{sts f}^o^r^th^e
^{$75 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2008; $100 m}^illionⁱⁿ^dev^e^l^opm^en^t^an^{d con}^s^t^r^u^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^of
^{FY2009; $125 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2010; $200}^com^m^e^rcial-^s^{cale bioref}ⁱⁿ^eries^an^{d th}^e
^m^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2011; an}^{d $300 m}^illionⁱⁿ^repow^eriⁿ^g^of^bi^om^as^s^con^v^e^rsⁱ^oⁿ
^F^Y^{2012 f}^o^{r a t}^o^t^a^lⁱⁿⁿ^e^w^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^{acilities w}^ith^r^eⁿ^e^w^a^b^l^{e en}^er^g^y^{. A}ⁿ^y
^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$800 m}^illion^du^rin^g^FY2008-^loan^g^u^a^ran^t^{eed f}^o^{r com}^m^e^{rcial s}^cale
^{12. [S}^{ec. 9003]}^biorefⁱⁿ^eries^canⁿ^o^{t ex}^{ceed $250 m}^illion
^an^{d a loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^{eed f}^o^{r repow}^erin^g
^canⁿ^o^{t ex}^{ceed $70 m}^illion^.^P^r^ov^ides
^{$300 m}^illionⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^atory^{CCC fund}^ing
^du^riⁿ^g^F^Y^{2008, t}^o^rem^aⁱⁿ^av^ai^l^a^bl^{e u}ⁿ^tⁱ^l
^ex^pen^d^{ed. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^oen^{ergy Program}^{for A}^d^van^ced^Bi^ofu^e^l^s
ⁱ^oⁿ^{9010. O}^rⁱ^gⁱⁿ^al^l^y^creat^{ed by}^a^.R^en^ew^s^an^{d ex}^ten^d^s^th^{e bioen}^e^rg^y^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9006 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. R}^eⁿ^e^w^s^an^d^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9005 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s
^ecu^tⁱ^v^{e O}^r^{der du}^riⁿ^g^t^h^{e C}^lⁱⁿ^t^oⁿ^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. Et}^h^aⁿ^o^l^e^x^t^e^nd^{s t}^h^e^Bⁱ^o^e^ne^r^g^y^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^ugh^t^h^e^Bⁱ^o^e^ne^r^g^y^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^fo^r^A^d^va^nc^e^d

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ^,^t^h^{e bi}^oen^e^rg^y^prog^ram^produ^{ced f}^r^om^corn^s^t^arch^is^ex^clu^d^ed.^F^Y^{2012. Bas}^e^s^t^h^{e pay}^m^en^t^rat^e^on^:⁽¹⁾^Bⁱ^of^u^e^ls^{to en}^cou^r^ag^{e produ}^ction^of
^o^v^id^{es CCC in}^cen^tiv^{e p}^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^ility^f^o^r^th^{e p}^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^adv^aⁿ^{ced bi}^of^u^e^l^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^,⁽²⁾^adv^aⁿ^{ced bi}^of^u^e^l^s^{. N}^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^5%^of
^u^e^l^s^produ^cers^bas^e^{d on}^y^ear-^t^o-^y^earⁱⁿ^cen^tiv^{e to th}^{e produ}^ction^of^h^{eat an}^d^f^eeds^t^ock^prices^{, an}^{d (3) n}^e^t^th^{e f}^uⁿ^d^{s can}^g^o^to^f^{acilities w}^ith^to^tal
^{eases in}^th^{e q}^u^an^tity^o^f^bⁱ^o^f^u^e^l^pow^{er at}^{a bi}^of^u^e^l^s^pl^an^t^,^bi^om^as^s^no^n-r^e^ne^w^a^b^l^e^eⁿ^e^r^gy^c^o^nt^eⁿ^t^o^f^t^h^e^refⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^capacity^ex^ceedin^g^{150 m}^illion
^{ced. Man}^d^at^ory^C^C^C^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^g^a^sⁱ^fⁱ^cation^,^h^y^drog^en^f^o^{r f}^u^{el cells}^{, an}^d^bⁱ^o^f^u^e^{l. T}^h^{is w}^{ill b}^eⁿ^e^f^{it th}^o^s^e^g^a^llon^s^{per y}^{ear. P}^r^odu^cers^of^adv^aⁿ^ced
^illion^w^a^s^m^a^{de av}^{ailable f}^o^{r each}^ren^e^w^a^{ble dies}^{el. P}^r^ov^ides^m^aⁿ^d^atory^p^u^r^c^ha^si^{ng fe}^e^d^st^o^c^{ks fo}^r^c^e^l^l^u^l^o^si^c^biof^u^e^ls^con^t^racts^w^ith^USDA^{to receiv}^e
^F^Y^{2002 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^{2006. N}^o^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^{CCC fund}^{ing o}^f^{$225 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2008;^bi^of^u^e^l^s^an^{d bi}^odi^es^el^.^p^a^y^m^en^{ts b}^a^sed^oⁿ^th^{e q}^u^an^tity^an^d
^s^au^t^h^ori^{zed f}^o^{r F}^Y^{2007. [7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{$250 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2009; $275 m}^illionⁱⁿ^T^h^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^{is n}^o^{t av}^ailab^l^{e to}^du^ratⁱ^oⁿ^of^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^adv^aⁿ^ced
^{FY2010; $300 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2011; an}^d^th^os^{e claim}ⁱⁿ^g^{a biof}^u^e^{l blen}^ders^’^tax^biof^u^e^ls^{, th}^{e n}^e^{t ren}^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y
^{$350 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2012 f}^o^{r a total of}^credi^t^(s^{ee S}^{ec. 12312) or t}^h^os^{e w}ⁱ^t^h^con^t^en^t^of^t^h^{e bi}^of^u^e^l^,^an^{d ot}^h^e^{r f}^act^ors^.
^{$1.4 billio}ⁿ^du^rin^g^FY2008-^{12. [Sec.}^biof^u^e^{l produ}^ction^capacity^g^r^{eater th}^an^P^a^y^m^en^{ts lim}^ited^to^en^su^r^e^eq^u^itab^l^e
^9007]^{150 m}^illion^g^a^llon^s^{per y}^ear.^di^s^t^ri^bu^tⁱ^oⁿ^.^Man^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^$55
^P^r^ov^ides^{$245 m}^illionⁱⁿ^m^illion^f^o^{r 2009, $55 m}^illion^f^o^r
^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2008 t}^h^rou^g^h^{FY2010, $85 m}^illion^f^o^{r FY2011, an}^d
^F^Y^{2012. [S}^{ec. 9001]}^{$105 m}^illion^f^o^{r FY2012. Dis}^c^retion^a^ry
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$25 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱ^s
^g/w^au^t^h^ori^{zed f}^o^{r F}^Y^2009-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^s^.or^odⁱ^e^s^e^l^Fu^el^E^d^u^c^ati^oⁿ^Program
^le^ak
ⁱ^oⁿ^{9004. A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{ered by}^U^S^D^A^’^s^Ex^ten^d^s^th^{e B}ⁱ^odies^{el Fu}^{el Edu}^cation^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9003 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. S}^a^m^e^as^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9006 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Ex}^t^eⁿ^d^s^t^h^e
^://wikiⁱ^v^{e S}^t^at^{e R}^e^s^earch^{, Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ^,^{d Ex}^ten^s^ion^Serv^{ice, aw}^ards^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012 w}ⁱ^t^h^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^o^f^$²^m^illioⁿ^f^o^{r each}^H^.^R^.^{2419. [S}^{ec. 9001]}^Bⁱ^odies^{el Fu}^{el Edu}^cation^P^r^og^ram^t^h^r^o^ugh^{2012. Man}^d^at^ory^C^C^C^f^uⁿ^d^s^of
^h^ttp^m^p^etitiv^{e g}^r^an^{ts to}ⁿ^oⁿ^p^r^o^fⁱ^t^of^F^Y^{2008 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^{2012. [S}^{ec. 9017]}^$¹^m^illio^{n a}^r^e^p^r^o^v^id^e^d^a^nnua^lly^fo^r
^gaⁿⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^h^a^t^e^d^uc^a^t^e^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^a^l^F^Y^2008-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^d^p^r^iv^{ate en}^{tities o}^p^e^r^a^tin^g^v^e^hⁱ^cle
^,^an^{d edu}^cates^th^{e pu}^{blic abou}^{t th}^e
^e^fⁱ^t^s^of^bi^odi^es^el^f^u^el^u^s^{e. Man}^d^at^ory
^und^{ing o}^f^$¹^m^illio^{n w}^a^s
^th^{orized f}^o^{r each}^of^F^Y^{2003 th}^rou^g^h
^{2007. [7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^8104]
^{ergy A}^u^dⁱ^{t an}^d^R^eⁿ^e^w^a^b^l^{e E}ⁿ^{ergy D}^e^vel^o^p^m^en^{t Program}
^{9005. A}^com^p^etitiv^{e g}^r^an^t^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9004. Ex}^t^eⁿ^d^s^t^h^{e En}^erg^y^A^u^di^t^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9007 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Ex}^t^eⁿ^d^s^S^{ee n}^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9007 of}^F^S^R^IA^bel^o^w^.

^o^g^r^a^m^f^o^r^elig^ib^{le en}^{tities to}^p^r^o^v^id^e^an^{d R}^eⁿ^e^w^a^{ble En}^erg^y^Dev^e^lopm^en^t^th^{e En}^erg^y^A^u^{dit an}^{d R}^eⁿ^e^w^a^{ble En}^erg^y
^erg^y^au^dits^an^{d tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to}^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^D^e^ve^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012,
^ricu^ltu^{ral produ}^cers^an^{d ru}^{ral s}^m^all^b^u^{t f}^o^ld^{s it in}^to^th^{e n}^e^w^Ru^r^a^{l En}^er^g^y^f^o^r
^sine^sse^{s to}^a^{ssist the}^m^{in b}^e^c^o^mⁱ^ng^A^m^{erica P}^r^og^ram^w^h^{ere m}^aⁿ^d^atory
^{re en}^erg^y^ef^fⁱ^cien^{t an}^{d in}^u^sⁱⁿ^g^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^is^av^{ailable (s}^{ee th}^{e R}^eⁿ^e^w^a^ble
^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y^techⁿ^o^log^y^an^d^En^erg^y^Sy^s^t^em^s^s^ection^f^o^{r m}^o^re

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^o^u^r^ces^{. A}^u^t^h^ori^{zed appropri}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^ofⁱⁿ^f^o^rm^atⁱ^oⁿ⁾^{. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^ch^s^u^m^s^as^{are n}^eces^s^a^ry^{to carry}^ou^t
^ram^f^o^{r each}^of^F^Y^{2002 th}^rou^g^h
^{2007. [7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^8105]
ⁿ^{ergy for Am}^{erica Program}
^{e R}^eⁿ^e^w^a^{ble En}^erg^y^Sy^s^t^em^s^an^d^R^eⁿ^a^m^e^{d as}^th^{e R}^u^{ral En}^erg^y^f^o^r^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9007 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. R}^eⁿ^a^m^e^d^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9007 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. R}^eⁿ^a^m^e^d
^erg^y^Ef^fⁱ^cien^cy^P^r^og^ram^(Section^A^m^{erica P}^r^og^ram^.^In^clu^d^es^oth^e^r^as^th^{e R}^u^{ral En}^erg^y^f^o^{r A}^m^erica^as^th^{e R}^u^{ral En}^erg^y^f^o^{r A}^m^erica
ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{ered by}^U^S^D^A^’^s^R^u^ral^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s as elig}^ib^le^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^,^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^ad^d^s^th^{e o}^p^tioⁿ^to^P^r^og^ram^.^P^r^ov^ides^g^r^an^ts^an^{d loan}
^e^lopm^en^{t A}^g^en^cy^{, au}^th^orizes^direct^recipien^ts^{. R}^a^is^es^th^{e loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^ee^receiv^e^{a produ}^ctionⁱⁿ^cen^tiv^{e pay}^m^en^t^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^s^t^o^St^a^t^e^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^s,^t^rⁱ^b^a^l^,
^s^,^loan^g^u^a^ran^t^ees^{, an}^{d g}^r^an^ts^to^lev^e^{l f}^r^om^{$10 m}^illion^{to $25 m}^illion^.ⁱⁿ^lieu^o^f^{a g}^r^an^{t, an}^d^stip^u^l^{ates th}^{at a}^o^r^l^o^c^a^l^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^s,^l^a^nd^-gr^a^nt
^ers^,^ran^c^h^e^rs^{, an}^{d ru}^ral^s^m^al^l^Gran^{t f}^uⁿ^d^cos^t^s^h^{are is}^retain^{ed at u}^p^to^g^r^an^t^m^a^y^cov^e^{r u}^p^t^o^25%^of^proj^ectⁱⁿ^s^titu^tion^s^{, or ru}^{ral electric cooperativ}^es
^sine^sse^{s to}^p^u^r^c^ha^se^aⁿ^d^insta^l^l^25%^of^proj^ect^cos^t^s^;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, com}^bⁱⁿ^ed^cos^t^s^w^h^{ile a loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^{ee m}^a^y^cov^e^r^o^r^u^{tilities to}^p^r^o^v^id^{e en}^er^g^y^au^d^{its an}^d
^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^an^{d to m}^a^k^e^gr^aⁿ^t^s^aⁿ^d^l^o^aⁿ^{s (}ⁱ^nc^l^u^dⁱ^{ng gua}^r^a^nt^e^e^s⁾ⁱ^s^u^p^{to 75% of}^th^{e cos}^t^{. P}^r^ef^eren^{ce g}ⁱ^v^eⁿ^ren^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce, an}^d
^erg^y^ef^fⁱ^cien^cy^im^prov^em^en^ts^{. Gran}^t^ex^pan^d^{ed t}^o^75%^of^proj^ect^cos^t^{. 10%}^of^{to s}^t^ate-^f^uⁿ^d^{ed proj}^ects^.^{Direct loan}^s^are^fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce f}^o^{r en}^erg^y^ef^fⁱ^cien^cy
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}ⁿ^d^s^m^a^y^{be u}^s^{ed t}^o^pay^u^p^t^o^25%^of^f^uⁿ^d^{s ar}^{e av}^ailab^l^{e f}^o^r^f^easib^ility^stu^d^ies,^ex^clu^d^{ed. A}^dds^s^t^{ate ag}^en^cies^an^{d pu}^blic^im^prov^em^en^ts^an^{d ren}^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y
^g/w^{ect cos}^t^s^;^com^bⁱⁿ^{ed g}^r^an^ts^an^{d loan}^s^bu^{t ex}^clu^d^es^recipien^{t f}^r^om^oth^e^r^p^o^w^er^en^{tities to}^elig^ib^{le p}^a^r^ticip^an^ts.^sy^ste^m^s.^Gr^aⁿ^{ts up}^to²⁵^%^o^f^c^o^{st a}^r^e
^s^.or^l^o^aⁿ^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^s^m^a^y^fund^up^t^o⁵⁰^%^assistan^{ce f}^o^r^f^easib^ility^stu^d^ies.^En^erg^y^f^r^om^m^aⁿ^u^r^{e: P}^r^ov^ides^g^r^an^ts^prov^{ided. L}^o^an^g^u^a^ran^t^ees^u^p^{to $25}
^le^ak^proj^ect^cos^t^{. El}ⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^proj^ect^sⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^e^In^clu^d^es^s^a^{le of}^electricity^f^r^om^an^{d loan}^g^u^a^ran^t^ees^{to bu}^{ild an}^{d ev}^alu^a^te^m^illioⁿ^.^Co^m^bⁱⁿ^ed^am^o^uⁿ^t^o^f^g^r^an^{t an}^d
^{e th}^{at deriv}^e^en^erg^y^f^r^om^wⁱⁿ^d^{, s}^o^lar,^ren^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^as^elig^ible^on^-^f^a^rm^an^{d com}^m^uⁿ^ity^an^im^{al m}^aⁿ^u^r^e-^g^u^a^r^aⁿ^t^eed^lo^an^{s lim}^ited^to⁷⁵^%^o^f^co^st.
^://wiki^as^s^,^{or g}^e^ot^h^e^rm^al^s^o^u^r^ces^{. Proj}^ect^s^{ng e}ⁿ^e^r^gy^fr^o^m^t^h^o^s^e^so^ur^c^e^s^t^o^activ^{ities f}^o^r^g^r^an^{t an}^d^lo^an^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.^15%^of^f^uⁿ^d^s^av^ai^l^a^bl^{e res}^e^rv^{ed f}^o^r^to^-^eⁿ^e^r^g^y^f^{acilities f}^o^r^w^h^ich^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^l^p^r^o^d^u^c^e^r^s,^r^u^r^a^{l sm}^a^{ll b}^u^sine^sse^s,^aⁿ^d^20%^of^f^uⁿ^d^s^m^a^{de av}^ai^l^a^bl^{e i}ⁿ^t^hⁱ^s^sectioⁿ^to^b^e^r^e^ser^v^ed^f^o^r^g^r^an^{ts o}^f
^h^ttp^{ce h}^y^drog^en^f^r^om^bi^om^as^s^{or w}^a^t^e^r^proj^ect^s^of^{$50,000 or l}^e^s^s^.^In^creas^es^cooperatⁱ^v^es^{are el}ⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^partⁱ^cⁱ^p^an^t^s^.^{$20,000 or les}^s^uⁿ^{til th}^{e en}^{d of}^th^{e f}ⁱ^s^cal
^o^elig^{ible. Man}^d^atory^C^C^C^m^aⁿ^d^atory^C^C^C^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^{to $50 m}^illion^Cr^iterⁱ^{a b}^a^sed^oⁿ^en^er^g^y^q^u^ality^,^y^e^a^r^.^M^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^{CCC fund}^{s o}^f^$⁵⁵
ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^$23^m^illion^w^a^s^m^a^deⁱⁿ^{FY2008; $75 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2009; $100}^ef^fⁱ^cien^cy^{, en}^vⁱ^ron^m^en^{tal is}^s^u^es^m^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2009, $60 m}^illionⁱⁿ
^{ailable f}^o^{r each}^of^F^Y^{2003 th}^rou^g^h^m^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2010; $125 m}^illionⁱⁿ^gr^e^e^nho^use^ga^{s e}^mⁱ^ssi^oⁿ^s,^dⁱ^ve^r^sⁱ^t^y^{FY2010, $70 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2011, an}^{d $70}
^{2007. U}ⁿ^s^p^en^t^m^oⁿ^e^y^l^a^ps^es^at^t^h^e^{FY2011; an}^{d $150 m}^illioⁿⁱⁿ^{FY2012 f}^o^r^f^actors^an^{d cos}^t^{. Es}^tablis^h^e^s^s^t^ream^lin^ed^m^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2012. Dis}^c^retion^a^ry
^{d of}^each^y^{ear. [[7 U.S}^.^C^.^8106]^t^o^t^a^lⁿ^e^w^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^$500^revⁱ^ew^an^{d application}^proces^s^f^o^{r s}^m^all-^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$25 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱ^s
^m^illion^du^rin^g^FY2008-^{FY2012. [Sec.}^s^cal^{e proj}^ect^s^(uⁿ^d^{er $20,000), an}^d^au^t^h^ori^{zed t}^o^{be appropri}^a^t^e^{d f}^o^r
^9005]^requⁱ^r^es^t^h^at^20%^of^f^uⁿ^d^s^{be u}^s^{ed f}^o^r^F^Y^2009-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}

^s^u^ch^proj^ects^.^T^h^{e En}^erg^y^{Star P}^r^og^ram
^{is ex}^ten^d^ed^to^id^en^tif^y^an^d^p^r^o^m^o^t^e
^en^er^g^y^-^e^f^fⁱ^cien^{t eq}^uⁱ^p^m^en^{t an}^d^f^acilities
ⁱⁿ^t^h^{e ag}^ri^cu^l^t^u^ral^s^ect^{or. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^$230
^m^illioⁿⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r
^F^Y^{2008 t}^o^rem^aⁱⁿ^av^ai^l^a^bl^{e u}ⁿ^tⁱ^l
^ex^p^eⁿ^d^ed^{, w}^ithⁿ^o^{t less th}^an¹⁵^%^o^f^th^is
^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^{dedicated to th}^{e an}^im^al
^m^a^nur^e^-^t^o^-e^ne^r^g^y^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^aⁿ^d^no^t^l^e^ss

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^th^an^{5% f}^o^{r th}^{e En}^erg^y^A^u^{dit an}^d
^Re^ne^w^a^b^l^e^Eⁿ^e^r^gy^D^e^ve^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t
^Prog^ram^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 9001]}
^om^as^s^R^e^s^e^arch^an^d^D^e^vel^o^p^m^en^{t Program}
^is^prog^ram^{— created orig}ⁱⁿ^ally^uⁿ^d^er^E^x^t^e^nd^{s t}^h^e^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9008 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Ex}^t^eⁿ^d^s^t^h^e^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9008 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Mov}^e^s^t^h^e
ⁱ^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^an^{d Dev}^e^lopm^en^t^A^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^{CCC fund}ⁱ^{ng o}^f^prog^ram^an^{d tran}^s^f^ers^s^t^atu^t^ory^au^th^ority^Bⁱ^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^an^{d Dev}^e^lopm^en^{t A}^c^t
^t^of^{2000 (BR}^D^A^,^P.L^.^106-^{224) —}^{$35 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2008; $60 m}^illionⁱⁿ^to^th^{is act. A}^d^d^sⁿ^e^w^em^p^h^{asis o}ⁿ^of^{2000 in}^s^t^atu^t^{e to T}^{itle IX of}^FSR^IA^of
^o^v^id^{es co}^m^p^etitiv^{e f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r^{FY2009; $75 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2010; $100}^u^tilizatioⁿ^o^f^b^y^p^r^o^d^u^{cts su}^ch^{as d}^r^ied^{2002. D}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^s^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^.
^earch^{, dev}^e^lopm^en^{t, an}^d^m^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2011; an}^{d $150 m}^illionⁱⁿ^dⁱ^{stillers g}^r^ain^s^an^d^so^lu^b^l^{es (DDGS) an}^d^Ex^pan^d^s^advⁱ^s^o^ry^com^m^{ittee. New}
^oⁿ^s^t^r^atⁱ^oⁿ^proj^ect^s^on^bi^of^u^e^l^s^an^d^F^Y^{2012 f}^o^{r t}^o^t^a^lⁿ^e^w^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^d^e^ve^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^t^e^c^hno^l^o^gi^e^s^fo^r^ha^r^v^e^s^t^,^techⁿⁱ^{cal areas}^f^o^{r g}^r^an^tsⁱⁿ^clu^d^e
^bas^e^{d ch}^emⁱ^cal^s^an^{d produ}^ct^s^,^uⁿ^d^er^of^{$420 m}^illioⁿ^du^rin^g^FY2008-^FY2012.^s^t^orag^{e, pre-}^proces^sⁱⁿ^g^an^d^f^eeds^t^ock^dev^e^l^opm^en^t^,^bi^of^u^e^l^s^an^d
ⁱ^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^an^{d Dev}^e^lopm^en^t^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s th}^{e ap}^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^t^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^ren^e^w^a^bl^{e bi}^om^as^s^bi^obas^e^{d produ}^ct^s^dev^e^l^opm^en^t^an^d
^itiativ^{e, ad}^mⁱⁿⁱ^ster^ed^j^oⁱⁿ^tly^b^y^USDA^A^ppropriation^au^th^ority^of^{$200 m}^illion^f^eeds^t^ock^s^{. P}^r^ov^ides^m^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^bⁱ^o^f^u^e^{ls d}^e^v^e^lo^p^m^en^{t an}^aly^s^{is w}^ith^a
^{d DOE. C}^r^eates^Bⁱ^om^as^s^res^earch^an^dⁱⁿ^each^of^F^Y^{2008 th}^ro^{ugh FY}^2015.⁽^t^o^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^av^ailab^l^{e u}ⁿ^{til ex}^p^eⁿ^d^ed⁾^o^f^mⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^o^f¹⁵^%^o^f^fundⁱ^{ng go}ⁱ^{ng t}^o
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^v^e^l^opm^en^t^{Board t}^o^coordiⁿ^a^t^e^[S^{ec. 9006]}^{$15 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2008, $25 m}^illionⁱⁿ^each^{area. Min}ⁱ^m^u^m^cos^t^-^s^h^a^re
^g/w^v^e^rⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^activ^{ities in}^bⁱ^o^m^ass^{FY2009, an}^{d $35 m}^illioⁿⁱⁿ^{FY2010 f}^o^r^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{t f}^o^r^d^e^m^oⁿ^s^tr^atioⁿ^p^r^o^j^ects
^s^.or^earch^{, an}^{d th}^{e B}ⁱ^om^as^s^R^e^s^earch^an^d^a^t^o^t^a^lⁱⁿ^ne^w^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng o}^f^$⁷⁵ⁱⁿ^creas^{ed to 50% an}^{d res}^earch^proj^ects^to
^le^ak^e^lopm^en^{t T}^echⁿⁱ^{cal A}^d^vⁱ^s^o^ry^m^illion^du^rin^g^FY^2008-^{FY2012. A}^l^s^o^20%^{. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r coordi}ⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^of
^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee t}^o^advⁱ^s^e^on^propos^alⁱⁿ^clu^d^{es th}^{e ap}^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^au^th^o^r^ity^f^o^r^bi^om^as^s^res^earch^an^{d dev}^e^l^opm^en^t^,
^://wiki^an^{d ev}^alu^a^tion^.^A^u^th^orized^nd^ato^r^y^{CCC f}^und^{ing o}^f^$⁵^m^illio^{n in}^{$85 m}^illionⁱⁿ^each^of^{FY2008 th}^rou^g^h^F^Y^{2012. [S}^{ec. 9001]}ⁱⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^lif^{e cy}^{cle an}^aly^s^is^of^biof^u^e^ls^,^betw^een^USDA^an^{d DOE. A}^u^th^orizes
^h^ttp^{d $14}^m^illion^f^o^{r each}^of^m^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$20 m}^illion^f^o^r
^{2003 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^{2007 (av}^aⁱ^l^a^bl^{e u}ⁿ^tⁱ^l^{FY2009, $28 m}^illion^f^o^r^{FY2010, $30}
^p^eⁿ^d^ed⁾^.^A^d^d^itioⁿ^a^{l ap}^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^m^illion^f^o^{r FY2011, an}^{d $40 m}^illion^f^o^r
^th^ority^of^{$200 m}^illion^f^o^{r each}^of^F^Y^{2012. D}ⁱ^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^$35
^{2006 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^{2015. [7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^m^illioⁿ^{is au}^th^o^r^ized^to^b^e^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iated
^a^nnua^l^l^y^fo^r^FY^2009-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^{l Energ}^y^Self^-^Suf^{ficiency I}ⁿ^itiative
^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^e^{s th}^{e Ru}^r^a^{l En}^er^g^y^Self^-^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9015 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9009 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s
^Su^f^fⁱ^cien^cy^Iⁿ^itiativ^{e to}^p^r^o^v^id^{e co}^st-^{a prog}^ram^{— th}^{e R}^u^{ral En}^erg^y^Sy^s^t^em^s^th^{e R}^u^{ral En}^erg^y^Self^-^S^u^f^fⁱ^cien^cy
^sh^ar^{e g}^r^an^{ts to}^en^ab^{le elig}^ib^{le r}^u^r^a^l^Ren^e^w^a^{l P}^r^o^g^r^a^m^{— o}^f^co^m^p^etitiv^e^Iⁿ^itiativ^{e to}^{assist r}^u^r^a^{l co}^m^m^uⁿ^{ities w}^ith
^com^m^uⁿ^ities^(w^ith^popu^lation^les^s^th^an^c^o^st^-sha^r^e^d^gr^aⁿ^t^s⁽⁵⁰^%^m^a^xi^m^u^m^com^m^uⁿ^ity^-^w^{ide en}^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^th^at
^{25,000) t}^o^s^u^bs^t^aⁿ^tⁱ^a^l^l^yⁱⁿ^creas^{e t}^h^ei^r^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l sh}^ar^e)^f^o^r^r^u^r^a^{l co}^m^m^uⁿ^{ities to}^redu^{ce con}^v^eⁿ^tion^a^{l en}^erg^y^u^s^{e an}^d
^en^erg^y^s^e^lf^-^s^u^f^fⁱ^cien^cy^{. Gran}^ts^m^a^yⁿ^o^t^as^s^e^s^s^th^{eir en}^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^an^{d f}^o^rm^u^l^ateⁱⁿ^creas^{e th}^{e u}^s^{e of}^en^erg^y^f^r^om
^ex^{ceed 75% of}^cos^t^s^.^R^e^qu^ires^{a report}^str^a^tegⁱ^{es f}^o^r^im^p^r^o^v^em^en^{ts. A}^u^th^o^r^izes^ren^e^w^a^{ble s}^o^u^r^ces^{. Gran}^ts^{are m}^a^de
^{to C}^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^on^bes^t^practices^/approach^es^.^dⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^o^f^$⁵^m^illioⁿ^av^{ailable to as}^s^e^s^s^en^erg^y^u^s^{e in}^{a ru}^ral
^T^o^{tal g}^r^an^{ts u}ⁿ^d^er^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^ar^{e lim}^ited^a^nnua^l^l^y^fo^r^FY^2008-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}^com^m^uⁿ^ity^{, ev}^alu^a^{te ideas}^f^o^{r redu}^cin^g

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^{to n}^o^m^o^{re th}^an^{5 per y}^{ear. A}^u^th^orizes^en^erg^y^u^s^{e, an}^{d dev}^e^{lop an}^{d in}^s^t^all
^dⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^f^o^r^g^r^an^{ts o}^fⁱⁿ^teg^r^{ated ren}^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^.
ⁿ^o^{t m}^o^{re th}^an^{$5 m}^illion^f^o^{r FY2008,}^Gran^tsⁿ^o^{t to ex}^{ceed 50% of}^th^{e total}
^an^{d s}^u^ch^s^u^m^s^as^{are n}^eces^s^a^ry^f^o^r^co^{st o}^f^th^{e activ}^ity^{. A}^p^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^o^f^$⁵
^F^Y^2009-^{12. [S}^{ec. 9011 (appen}^d^{ed as}^m^illio^{n a}^nnua^lly^a^r^e^a^u^tho^r^iz^e^d^fo^r
^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9014 of}^F^S^R^IA^)]^F^Y^{2009 —}^{12. [S}^{ec. 9001]}
^c^k^Flex^ibility^Pro^g^r^a^m^fo^{r B}ⁱ^o^e^nerg^y^Pro^ducers
^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es th}^{at USDA}^estab^lish⁽ⁱⁿ^{See T}^{itle I, Section}^{1501, Su}^g^a^{r P}^r^og^ram^,^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9010 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. A}^dopt^s^t^h^e
^F^Y^{2008) an}^{d adm}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{er a s}^u^g^a^r-^f^o^r-^f^o^r^{a sim}^ilar^su^g^a^r^-^f^o^r^-^eth^aⁿ^o^{l p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^w^ith^am^en^dm^en^ts^{. [Sec.}
^e^t^ha^no^l^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^usi^{ng suga}^rⁱⁿ^t^e^nd^e^d^fo^r^en^titled^th^{e “}^F^eed^sto^c^k^Flex^ib^ility^9001]
^f^{ood u}^s^{e bu}^t^deem^{ed t}^o^{be i}ⁿ^s^u^rpl^u^s^.^Prog^ram^f^o^{r Bi}^o-^En^erg^y^Produ^cers^”^.
^U^S^D^A^w^o^u^l^{d i}^m^pl^em^en^t^t^h^{e prog}^ram^I^d^en^{tical to}^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^on^lyⁱⁿ^th^os^{e y}^ears^w^h^{ere pu}^rch^a^s^e^s^are
^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^to^b^eⁿ^ecessar^y^to^en^su^r^e^th^at
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^t^h^{e s}^u^g^a^{r prog}^ram^operat^e^s^atⁿ^o^cos^t^.
^g/w^T^h^{e u}^s^{e of}^s^u^ch^s^u^m^s^asⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^to
^s^.or^car^r^y^o^u^{t th}^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^{is au}^th^o^r^ized^.
^le^ak^[S^{ec. 9013] (w}^ou^l^d^{be appen}^d^{ed as}
^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9016 of}^F^S^R^IA^).
^://wiki^om^as^s^C^r^op^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce Program}
^h^ttp^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^e^{s a n}^e^w^Bⁱ^o^m^{ass En}^er^g^y^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9004 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. C}^r^eat^es^t^h^e^N^e^w^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{9011 of}^F^S^R^IA^{. Es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s
^R^e^s^e^rv^{e (B}^ER^{) to en}^cou^r^ag^{e th}^rou^g^h^Bⁱ^o^m^{ass Cr}^o^p^T^r^an^sitioⁿ^A^ssistan^ce^the^Bⁱ^o^m^a^{ss Cr}^o^p^A^ssistaⁿ^c^e^P^r^o^g^r^a^m
^fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce th}^{e produ}^ction^of^Prog^ram^t^o^s^tⁱ^m^u^l^at^{e produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of⁽^B^CA^P⁾^to^p^r^o^v^id^{e p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s co}^m^m^ittin^g
^{dedicated en}^erg^y^crops^{, es}^tablis^h^biom^as^s^bi^om^as^s^crops^{. U}^S^D^A^provⁱ^d^es^t^echⁿⁱ^cal^t^o^bi^om^as^s^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^{or a bi}^om^as^s
^en^erg^y^res^e^rv^{e proj}^{ect areas}^{, an}^{d to}^an^{d f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce f}^o^{r th}^e^coⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^f^acility^w^ith^coⁿ^t^r^{acts w}^h^ich
^prov^{ide f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial an}^{d tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^perenⁿⁱ^al^bi^oen^e^rg^y^crops^w^{ill en}^ab^{le p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s in}^{a B}^C^A^P^p^r^o^j^ect
^t^o^owⁿ^e^rs^an^{d operat}^o^rs^f^o^{r h}^a^rv^es^tⁱⁿ^g^,^u^s^edⁱⁿ^{a b}ⁱ^o^m^{ass co}ⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^f^acility^.^{area to receiv}^e^fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce f}^o^r
^sto^rⁱⁿ^g^,^an^d^tr^an^sp^o^r^tin^g^cellu^lo^sic^R^e^s^t^{ricted to adv}^aⁿ^{ced biof}^u^e^ls^{, biobas}^e^d^c^r^o^p^e^s^t^a^b^lⁱ^s^hm^eⁿ^t^c^o^st^{s a}ⁿ^d^a^nnua^l
^m^a^terⁱ^{al to}^bⁱ^o^eⁿ^e^r^g^y^f^{acilities. P}^r^o^v^id^es^produ^ct^s^,^{or h}^eat^{or pow}^{er f}^r^om^a^pay^m^en^t^s^t^f^o^{r bi}^om^as^s^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.
^fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial an}^{d tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^bⁱ^o^m^{ass co}ⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^f^acility^{. P}^r^o^v^id^es^P^r^odu^cers^m^u^s^t^{be w}^ithⁱⁿ^econ^o^mⁱ^cally
⁽ⁱ^nc^l^u^dⁱ^{ng fi}^ve^-y^e^a^r^c^o^nt^r^a^c^t^s)^t^o^{$130 m}^illionⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r^{practicable dis}^t^an^{ce f}^r^om^{a biom}^as^s
^l^aⁿ^dowⁿ^e^rs^an^{d operat}^o^rs^t^o^g^r^ow^F^Y^{2008 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^{2012 t}^o^s^u^pport^f^acility^an^d^ad^h^e^r^e^to^r^e^so^u^r^ce
^{dedicated en}^erg^y^crops^as^f^eeds^t^ock^f^o^r^bi^om^as^s^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^l^s^o^provⁱ^d^es^$10^con^s^erv^a^tion^requ^irem^en^ts^{. C}^o^s^t^-^s^h^a^re
^cellu^losⁱ^{c eth}^aⁿ^o^{l an}^{d oth}^e^{r en}^erg^y^m^illioⁿⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r each}^o^f^pay^m^en^ts^cov^e^{r cos}^t^s^of^es^tablis^hⁱⁿ^g
^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.^BER^proj^ect^s^m^u^s^t^{be w}ⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^F^Y^{2009 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^{2011 (t}^{o rem}^aⁱⁿ^{crop, f}^o^{r collection}^,^h^a^rv^es^{t, s}^t^orag^{e an}^d
^{a 5}⁰^-^m^{ile r}^a^dⁱ^u^s^o^f^{a b}ⁱ^o^eⁿ^e^r^g^y^f^acility^.^av^ailab^l^{e u}ⁿ^{til ex}^p^eⁿ^d^ed⁾^f^o^r^{a f}ⁱ^x^e^d^tr^an^sp^o^r^tatioⁿ^to^{a b}ⁱ^o^m^{ass co}ⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ
^A^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng o}^f^suc^h^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce pay}^m^en^{t to ag}^ricu^ltu^ral^fa^c^ility^.^A^nnua^{l p}^a^y^m^eⁿ^{ts a}^u^tho^r^iz^e^d^to

^{State an}^{d local g}^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^s^{to acqu}ⁱ^re^m^a^t^c^hⁱⁿ^g^g^r^an^t^s^of^u^p^t^o^$50,000.
^com^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^w^{ood en}^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^f^o^r^P^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^s^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng o}^f^$⁵
^p^u^b^{lic b}^u^ildⁱⁿ^g^s^an^d^to^im^p^l^em^en^{t a}^m^illion^f^o^{r each}^of^FY2008-^{12. [Sec.}
^com^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^w^{ood en}^erg^y^pl^an^t^o^m^eet^9001]
^en^erg^yⁿ^eeds^w^ith^redu^{ced carbon}
ⁱⁿ^t^e^nsi^t^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh c}^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^n,^r^e^d^u^c^e
^co^{sts, an}^d^u^{tilize lo}^w^-^v^a^lu^{e w}^o^o^d
^s^o^u^r^ces^{, an}^{d in}^creas^{e aw}^aren^es^s^of

^{2002 Farm}^B^ill^H^o^use-^Pa^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Sena^t^e^-^P^a^{ssed Fa}^rm^B^ill^Ena^c^t^e^{d Fa}^rm^B^ill
^(FS^R^I^A^{, P.L}^.^107-171)^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(H.R^{. 2419)}^(P.L^{. 110-246)}
^o^r^O^t^{her La}^w⁽^a^{s indica}^t^e^d)
^o^dificati^{on of Alcohol Credit}
^y^eth^aⁿ^o^{l b}^l^en^d^e^dⁱⁿ^to^g^a^so^lin^{e is}^{No prov}^is^ion^.^R^e^du^ces^th^{e eth}^aⁿ^o^{l blen}^ders^’^tax^credit^R^e^du^ces^th^{e eth}^aⁿ^o^{l tax}^{credit of}^$0.51
^ib^{le f}^o^r^{a tax}^cr^ed^{it o}^f^$⁰^.⁵¹^p^e^r^of^{$0.51 per g}^a^l^l^oⁿ^t^o^{$0.46 per g}^a^l^l^oⁿ^p^e^r^ga^l^l^o^{n t}^o^$⁰^.⁴⁵^p^e^r^ga^l^l^o^{n b}^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^ng
^l^l^o^{n a}^s^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^d^und^e^r^c^u^r^r^e^nt^l^a^w^begⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^th^{e f}ⁱ^rs^{t calen}^{dar y}^{ear af}^terⁱⁿ^th^{e f}ⁱ^rs^{t calen}^{dar y}^{ear af}^{ter th}^{e y}^{ear in}
^JC^A^of^{2004, P.L}^.^108-^{357) t}^h^rou^g^h^th^{e y}^earⁱⁿ^w^h^ich⁷^.⁵^b^illioⁿ^g^a^lloⁿ^s^o^f^w^h^ich⁷^.⁵^b^illioⁿ^g^a^lloⁿ^s^o^f^eth^aⁿ^o^{l is}
^.^S^.^C^.^40]^et^h^aⁿ^o^lⁱ^s^produ^{ced. [S}^{ec. 12315]}^produ^{ced. [S}^{ec 15331]}
^ho^{l Fuel:}^Ca^lcula^t^io^{n o}^f^Vo^lu^m^e^{of Alcohol for Fuel Credits}
^{der cu}^rren^t^l^a^w^(A^JC^A^of^{2004, P.L}^.^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^R^e^du^ces^t^h^{e perm}ⁱ^s^sⁱ^bl^{e v}^o^l^u^m^e^of^R^e^du^ces^t^h^{e perm}ⁱ^s^sⁱ^bl^{e v}^o^l^u^m^e^of
^{357) t}^h^{e v}^o^l^u^m^e^of^bi^o-^al^coh^o^l^den^a^t^u^ran^t^t^o^2%^f^o^{r pu}^rpos^es^of^den^a^t^u^ran^t^t^o^2%^f^o^{r pu}^rpos^es^of
ⁿ^t^{ed as}^f^u^{el elig}^{ible f}^o^{r th}^{e tax}^credit^calcu^latin^g^th^{e v}^o^lu^m^e^o^f^alco^h^o^{l elig}^ib^le^calcu^latin^g^th^{e v}^o^lu^m^e^o^f^alco^h^o^{l elig}^ib^le
^yⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e u}^p^to⁵^%^o^f^th^{e v}^o^lu^m^e^as^f^o^{r t}^h^{e t}^a^x^credi^t^.^[S^{ec. 12316]}^f^o^{r t}^h^{e t}^a^x^credi^t^.^[S^{ec. 15332]}
^a^t^u^ran^t^{. [26 U}^.^S^.^C^.^40]
^ho^{l F}^u^el:^Et^ha^no^{l Ta}^rif^f^Ext^e^nsioⁿ
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34130}^{der cu}^rren^t^l^a^w^(H^eadiⁿ^g^9901.00.50^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Ex^ten^d^{s th}^{e tar}ⁱ^f^f^o^r⁵⁴^cen^{ts p}^e^r^g^a^lloⁿ^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec 15333]}
^g/w^t^h^{e H}^a^rm^onⁱ^{zed T}^a^ri^f^f^S^c^h^e^du^l^e^f^o^{r i}^m^port^e^{d et}^h^aⁿ^o^l^{or m}ⁱ^x^t^u^r^es^of
^s^.or^T^S⁾⁾^im^p^o^r^{ts o}^f^eth^y^{l alco}^h^o^{l ar}^e^et^h^aⁿ^o^l^(h^eadiⁿ^g^s^{9901.00.50 an}^d
^le^ak^b^j^{ect to}^{a d}^u^ty^o^f¹⁴^.²⁷^¢^p^e^r^liter^{9901.00.52 of}^t^h^{e H}^T^S⁾^t^h^ro^{ugh D}^e^c^.³¹^,
^://wiki^a^l^l^oⁿ⁾^an^{d a du}^t^y^of^5.99¢^g^{9901.00.52; HT}^{S) on}^{2010. [S}^{ec. 12317]}
^h^ttp^p^o^r^{ts o}^f^eth^y^{l ter}^tiar^y^-^b^u^t^y^l^eth^e^r
^o^{ugh D}^e^c^.³¹^,^{2008. [19 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^apt^e^{r 18]}
^ho^{l F}^u^el:^Limⁱ^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^{s o}ⁿ^{, a}^{nd Reduct}ⁱ^oⁿ^{s o}^f^{, Dut}^y^Dra^w^ba^ck^oⁿ^Cert^aⁱ^{n Im}^po^rt^{ed Et}^ha^no^l
^{der cu}^rren^t^l^a^w^(S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{1313 of}^t^h^e^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Elimⁱⁿ^{ates th}^{e ab}^ility^to^o^b^t^ain^{a r}^e^f^uⁿ^d^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^ec.
^ri^f^f^A^c^t^of^{1930, as}^am^en^{ded) perm}ⁱ^t^s^of^t^h^{e du}^t^yⁱ^m^pos^{ed u}ⁿ^d^{er H}^T^S^15334]
^uⁿ^d^of^du^t^yⁱ^f^t^h^{e du}^t^y^-^p^ai^{d g}^ood^{9901.00.50 on}ⁱ^m^port^e^{d et}^h^aⁿ^o^l^by
^e^x^port^e^{d or u}^s^{ed t}^o^m^a^k^e^{a g}^ood^su^b^s^titu^tioⁿ^o^f^eith^er^eth^aⁿ^o^{l n}^o^{t su}^b^j^ect
ⁱ^s^ex^port^e^{d. In}^partⁱ^c^u^l^{ar, a pers}^on^t^o^t^h^{e du}^t^y^{, or of}^an^ot^h^e^{r pet}^r^ol^eu^m
^o^m^a^nufa^c^t^ur^e^s^ga^so^lⁱⁿ^e^wⁱ^t^h^e^t^ha^no^l^produ^ct^{, t}^h^atⁱ^s^ex^port^e^{d t}^o^obt^aiⁿ^t^h^e
^bj^{ect to th}^{e du}^ty^im^pos^{ed u}ⁿ^d^{er eith}^er^draw^back^{. [S}^{ec. 12318]}
^S^{9901.00.50, can}^ex^port^j^e^t^f^u^el
^hi^c^h^d^o^e^{s no}^t^c^o^nt^aⁱ^{n e}^t^ha^no^l⁾^aⁿ^d
^aiⁿ^{a ref}^uⁿ^d^of^t^h^{e du}^t^y^pai^d^{. [19}
^S^.^C^.^C^h^apt^e^{r 18]}
^r^m^o^r^eⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^oⁿ^th^{e Sen}^a^te’^s^tax^an^d^tr^ad^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^{, see}^D^e^s^c^rⁱ^ptⁱ^{on of}^t^h^{e C}^hai^r^m^an’s^M^a^r^k^of^t^h^{e “}^H^ear^t^l^{and, H}^abi^t^a^t^,^H^a^r^ves^t^,^{and H}^o^r^tⁱ^c^ul^t^u^r^e^Act^of^2007”^,
^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^T^a^x^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^,^JC^X^-^94-^{07, O}^c^t^{ober 2, 2007.}