The 2008 Farm Bill: Major Provisions and Legislative Action

The 2008 Farm Bill:
Major Provisions and Legislative Action
Updated November 6, 2008
Renée Johnson, Coordinator,
Geoffrey S. Becker, Tom Capehart, Ralph M. Chite,
Tadlock Cowan, Ross W. Gorte, Charles E. Hanrahan,
Remy Jurenas, Jim Monke, Jean M. Rawson, Randy Schnepf
Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Joe Richardson
Domestic Social Policy Division
Donald J. Marples, Mark Jickling, and N. Eric Weiss
Government and Finance Division

The 2008 Farm Bill:
Major Provisions and Legislative Action
Summary
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, “2008 farm
bill”) was enacted into law on June 18, 2008. It contains 15 titles covering support
for commodity crops, horticulture and livestock production, conservation, nutrition,
trade and food aid, agricultural research, farm credit, rural development, energy,
forestry, and other related programs. It also includes provisions that make certain
changes to tax laws, in order to offset some new spending initiatives in the final bill.
The enacted bill succeeds the most recent 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) and is to
guide most federal farm and food policies through 2012. Many provisions of the
2002 farm bill expired in September 2007, but were extended under a series of
temporary extensions prior to final enactment of the 2008 bill.
The enacted 2008 farm bill continues and/or modifies most existing farm and
commodity programs, and also creates new programs and provisions. For farm
commodities, the bill generally continues the framework of the 2002 farm bill,
revises payment limitations (tightening certain limits and relaxing others), adjusts
support prices for some commodities, and creates a new revenue support program,
in addition to the traditional direct, counter-cyclical, and marketing loan programs
for major supported crops. The bill also adds new stand-alone titles containing
provisions to address horticulture and livestock issues, including new mandatory
funding for specialty crop block grants and to support organic production; and
provisions to address meat and poultry inspection, country-of-origin labeling, and
livestock competition. Other provisions include changes to the current crop
insurance program, a new provision for ongoing disaster assistance, and expanded
borrowing opportunities for beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers.
The bill’s nutrition title increases food stamp benefits and sets new standards
that will make more households eligible, and also raises funding for fresh fruits and
vegetables in most domestic food programs. For research, the bill requires the
reorganization of USDA’s research, extension, and economic agencies. For most
other titles — conservation, international trade and food aid, rural development,
forestry, and energy — the enacted law reauthorizes, expands, and/or modifies many
of the existing programs, creates new programs and initiatives, and allows some
programs to expire.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates the total cost of the 2008
farm bill (i.e., baseline plus new spending, using its March 2007 baseline) at just
under $284 billion in total budget authority over five years (FY2008-FY2012).
About $42 billion (15%) in projected spending will support commodity crops, $189
billion (67%) will support the cost of domestic nutrition programs, $24 billion (9%)
will support conservation programs, and $22 billion (8%) will support crop
insurance. Another $14 billion is expected to be spent on supplemental disaster
assistance, trade, horticulture and livestock production, rural development, research,
forestry and energy, and other programs. Offsets from tax provisions and proceeds
from the credit, crop insurance, and commodity program titles are estimated at $10
billion (FY2008-FY2012).

Area of ExpertiseNameTelephone
Report Coordinator/OverviewRenée Johnson7-9588
Food and Feed Grain SupportJim Monke7-9664
Ralph M. Chite (dairy)7-7296
Other Commodity Support ProgramsRemy Jurenas (sugar)7-7281
Randy Schnepf (cotton)7-4277
Payment Limits
Planting FlexibilityJim Monke7-9664
Farm Credit
Crop Insurance; Disaster AssistanceRalph M. Chite7-7296
ConservationRenée JohnsonTadlock Cowan7-95887-7600
EnergyTom Capehart7-2425
Agricultural Trade and Food AidCharles E. Hanrahan7-7235
Specialty Crops; also AgriculturalJean M. Rawson7-7283
Research, Extension, & Economics
Meat and Poultry Inspection; MarketingGeoffrey S. Becker7-7287
and Regulatory Programs; Food Safety
Rural DevelopmentTadlock Cowan7-7600
ForestryRoss Gorte7-7266
Domestic Food Assistance and NutritionJoe Richardson7-7325
Programs
Revenue-Raising Tax ProvisionsDonald J. Marples7-3739
Small Business Disaster ResponseN. Eric Weiss7-6209
Commodity Futures Trading CommissionMark Jickling7-7784
(CFTC) reauthorization
Acknowledgments
Portions of this report were originally written by retired CRS specialists Jasper
Womach, Jeffrey Zinn, and David Brumbaugh.

Contents
Overview ........................................................1
Congressional Action...............................................1
2008 Farm Bill Policy Setting....................................1
Budgetary Considerations...................................2
Trade Negotiations and Commitments.........................3
The Administration’s Policy Recommendations..................3
Other Recommendations/Proposals............................4
Legislative Development........................................4
Brief Overview of Provisions....................................5
Projected Cost................................................8
2008 Farm Bill Implementation...................................8
Summary of the 2008 Farm Bill Provisions.............................10
Title I: Commodity Programs...................................11
Grains, Oilseeds, and Cotton Support.........................11
Dairy...................................................14
Sugar ..................................................15
Title II: Conservation..........................................16
Land Retirement/Easement Programs.........................17
Working Lands Programs..................................18
New Conservation Programs................................19
Title III: Trade...............................................20
Food Aid...............................................20
Trade ..................................................21
Title IV: Nutrition............................................22
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program....................23
The Emergency Food Assistance Program.....................23
Other Programs..........................................24
Title V: Credit...............................................25
Farm Service Agency......................................25
Farm Credit System.......................................25
Title VI: Rural Development...................................26
Title VII: Agricultural Research.................................27
Research Management.....................................28
Funding ................................................29
Title VIII: Forestry............................................29
Title IX: Energy..............................................30
Title X: Horticulture and Organic Agriculture.......................31
Title XI: Livestock............................................33
Competition and Marketing.................................33
Country-of-Origin Labeling.................................34
Inspection, Registries, and Grading...........................34
Other Provisions.........................................35
Title XII: Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance Programs...........36
Crop Insurance Program...................................36
Other Disaster Assistance Programs..........................37
Title XIII: Commodity Futures..................................38

Socially Disadvantaged and Limited Resource Producers..........39
Agricultural Security......................................40
Title XV: Trade and Tax Provisions..............................40
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance..................40
Tax Provisions...........................................41
Major Provisions of the Enacted 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246) Compared
with Previous Law and the House- and Senate-Passed Bills (H.R. 2419)..43
Title I: Commodities..........................................43
Grains, Cotton, Peanuts, and Minor Commodities...................43
Definitions ..............................................43
Base Acres and Program Yields..............................47
Prohibition on Small Payments..............................48
Producer Agreement......................................48
Planting Flexibility........................................49
Direct Payments..........................................50
Counter-cyclical Payments..................................51
Revenue-based Counter-cyclical Payments.....................53
Nonrecourse Marketing Loans and Other Recourse Loans.........56
Payment Limits..........................................63
Adjusted Gross Income Limitation...........................66
Administrative Provisions..................................67
Dairy.......................................................71
Dairy Price Support Program................................71
Dairy Forward Pricing Program..............................72
Dairy Export Incentive Program.............................72
Dairy Indemnity Program...................................73
Dairy Promotion and Research Program.......................73
Federal Milk Marketing Orders..............................73
Mandatory Dairy Commodity Price Reporting..................74
Sugar ......................................................74
No Net Cost Directive.....................................74
Price Support Levels, Loans and Payments.....................74
Marketing Allotments and Allocations........................75
Trade-Related Provisions...................................76
Title II: Conservation..........................................77
Program Definitions and Funding............................77
Highly Erodible and Wetland Conservation....................77
Comprehensive Conservation Enhancement Program.............78
Conservation Reserve Program..............................79
Wetlands Reserve Program.................................81
Conservation Security Program..............................82
Environmental Quality Incentives Program.....................84
Farmland Protection Program...............................88
Grassland Reserve Program.................................89
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program..........................91
Other Conservation Programs...............................91
New Conservation Programs................................94
Title III: Agricultural Trade and Aid..............................99
P.L. 480 Food Aid........................................99
Other Food Aid Programs.................................104

Other Trade Provisions...................................106
Provision Regarding .....................................107
Title IV: Nutrition...........................................107
Reauthorization .........................................107
Food Stamp Program.....................................108
Fruits and Vegetables.....................................113
The Emergency Food Assistance Program....................114
Commodity Supplemental Food Program.....................115
Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations.............115
Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program....................115
Community Food Projects.................................115
Geographic Preference (Purchase of Locally Produced Foods).....116
Special Initiatives........................................117
Title V: Agricultural Credit...................................119
USDA Farm Ownership Loans.............................119
USDA Farm Operating Loans..............................121
Administrative Provisions.................................122
Farm Credit System......................................124
Title VI: Rural Development..................................126
Defining Rural Eligibility.................................126
Rural Infrastructure: Water and Waste Disposal................126
Rural Broadband and Telecommunications Development........128
Agricultural-Based Rural Economic Development..............130
Regional Economic Development and Planning................131
Rural Entrepreneurship and Business Investment Programs.......132
Community Development Programs.........................133
Other Rural Development Provisions........................135
Title VII: Agricultural Research................................136
Structure and Funding of Research, Education, and Extension.....136
Provisions Affecting Certain Research Institutions .............139
Organic Agricultural Research..............................142
Specialty Crops Research..................................143
Bioenergy Research......................................143
Other Research Provisions.................................145
Extended Program Authorizations...........................150
Repeal of Program Authorizations...........................151
Title VIII: Forestry..........................................152
Cooperative Forestry Programs.............................152
Other Forestry Provisions.................................153
Title IX: Energy............................................155
Farm and Community Energy Systems.......................155
Biofuel Feedstocks.......................................157
Biofuel Research and Education............................159
Other Renewable Energy Provisions.........................162
Title X: Horticulture and Organic Production......................162
Marketing and Trade Promotion, Consumer Access.............162
Organic Agriculture Production.............................164
Pest and Disease Control..................................165
Food Safety Provisions...................................167
Disaster Assistance......................................167
Specialty Crop Sector Data Collection.......................167

Title XI: Livestock...........................................169
Livestock Mandatory Reporting............................169
Meat and Poultry Inspection...............................169
Seafood Grading and Inspection............................170
Country of Origin Labeling (COOL).........................170
Agricultural Fair Practices Act.............................171
Packers and Stockyards Act................................171
Animal Pest and Disease Programs..........................172
National Animal Identification System.......................173
Other Commodity-Specific Provisions.......................174
Title XII: Crop Insurance & Disaster Assistance Programs...........174
Timing of Crop Insurance Payments and Receipts..............174
Reimbursement of Administrative and Operating Expenses.......175
Premiums and Fees......................................175
Standard Reinsurance Agreement and Risk-Sharing.............176
Program Integrity (Waste, Fraud, and Abuse)..................177
Risk Management Research and Development.................177
Small Business Disaster Loan Program.......................178
Title XIII: Commodity Futures.................................179
Title XIV: Miscellaneous......................................179
Section 32 Funding for Nutrition Programs....................179
Socially Disadvantaged and Limited Resource Producers.........180
Pigford Discrimination Decision............................182
Agricultural Biosecurity...................................182
Food Safety Commission..................................184
Foods from Cloned Animals...............................185
Invasive Species.........................................185
Animal Welfare Act......................................186
Other APHIS-Related Provisions...........................187
Miscellaneous Rural Development Provisions.................188
Other Miscellaneous Title Provisions........................189
Title XV: Revenue & Offsetting Cost Provisions...................191
Supplemental Agriculture Disaster Assistance.................191
Customs User Fees.......................................192
Other Revenue and Tax-Related Provisions...................192
Tax-Related Conservation Provisions........................194
Tax-Related Energy Provisions.............................196
Agricultural Tax Provisions................................198
Other Provisions........................................201
Appendix: 2007-2008 Farm Bill Debate Timeline......................204
List of Tables
Table 1. 2002 Farm Bill Actual Spending (FY2002-FY2007 est.) and the
March 2007 CBO Baseline (FY2008-FY2013).......................2
Table 2. CBO Estimated Costs for the 2008 Conference Agreement on the
Farm Bill (FY2008-FY2012).....................................9

The 2008 Farm Bill:
Major Provisions and Legislative Action
Overview
Roughly every five years, Congress debates legislation governing federal farm
and food policy. The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) covered a wide range of
programs including commodity price and income support, farm credit, agricultural
conservation, research, rural development, and foreign and domestic food programs,
among others. In 2007, both the House and Senate completed committee and floor
action on their respective versions of the new farm bill. However, conference
negotiations were initially delayed because of differences between committee
leadership and the Administration’s position, largely over tax-related provisions
needed to offset new spending in the bill. Many provisions of the 2002 farm bill
expired in September 2007, but were continued under a series of temporary
extensions to allow more time to resolve differences between the House- and Senate-
passed bills.
On May 8, 2008, House and Senate farm bill conferees announced the details
of a completed conference agreement (H.R. 2419, the Food, Conservation, and
Energy Act of 2008). The following week, both chambers completed floor action
and approved the final conference agreement on the 2008 farm bill. The Bush
Administration vetoed the legislation, but both the House and Senate voted to
override the veto. On May 22, the 2008 farm bill was enacted into law (P.L. 110-
234). However, the newly enacted law contained only 14 of the 15 farm bill titles
because an enrolling error resulted in one title of the bill being omitted from the
version that was sent to the White House. To resolve this issue, both the House and
Senate passed a version of the 2008 farm bill with all 15 original bill titles (H.R.
6124). The President vetoed H.R. 6124 on June 18. That same day, both the House
and Senate voted to override the veto and the bill became law (P.L. 110-246),
replacing P.L. 110-234.
Congressional Action
2008 Farm Bill Policy Setting
The 2007/2008 farm bill debate differed from the 2002 debate in some
important ways. First, the 2008 farm bill faced potentially significant budgetary and
spending constraints, while the 2002 farm bill was crafted during a period of budget
surplus. Second, the 2008 farm bill debate was set against a backdrop of an ongoing
multilateral negotiation, which targeted farm subsidies and challenged U.S. support
and legal programs under existing trade rules. Third, the Bush Administration
submitted its own detailed proposal for the new farm bill, whereas for other recent

farm bills the Administration had not issued specific recommendations. Fourth,
many other groups, including both traditional and non-agricultural interests, also
submitted specific recommendations that ranged from maintaining the status quo to
making dramatic policy changes.
Budgetary Considerations. As with all federal programs, the farm bill
debate was influenced by budgetary constraints imposed by Congress. Recent federal
deficits raised concerns with respect to reauthorization or expansion of current farm
programs. Prior to congressional consideration of a new farm bill, budget projections
showed a lower baseline budget for agriculture programs, mainly because high
commodity prices had caused projections of future farm program spending to fall
sharply below previous projections. The Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s)
March 2007 baseline budget served as the official benchmark for the FY2008 budget
resolution and for scoring the budgetary impacts of the new farm bill. The CBO
baseline assumed continuation of current farm bill policies under expected economic
conditions. The budget resolution set the actual spending constraints for the
agriculture committees as they drafted a new farm bill.
In May 2007, Congress approved the FY2008 budget resolution, which adopted
the baseline budget as the fiscal parameter for the next farm bill. It also included a¹
$20 billion reserve fund (above baseline) for new farm bill spending over five years.
However, any new spending was required to be deficit-neutral, meaning that it would
have to be offset with equivalent reductions in other federal spending for existing
mandatory programs, or by raising revenues. Large increases in the market prices of
corn and other commodities since the summer of 2006 contributed to a lower March
2007 baseline for farm program spending. For example, the March 2007 baseline
projected spending for commodity support payments under current law to be $42.4
billion for the FY2008-FY2013 period, about $30 billion lower than actual spending
in the previous six years (Table 1). Baseline estimates for mandatory conservation
and nutrition programs for the next six years were higher compared to the previous
six years.
Table 1. 2002 Farm Bill Actual Spending (FY2002-FY2007 est.)
and the March 2007 CBO Baseline (FY2008-FY2013)
(outlays in $ millions)
Commodi ty Conservation Exports F ood Tot a l
SupportStamps
Baseline (FY08-FY13)42,44626,4962,005225,845296,792
Actual (FY02-FY07)72,93418,3231,648178,158271,063
Baseline vs. Actual-30,488+8,173 +357 +47,687+25,729
^So^urce^:^Co^m^pⁱ^l^e^{d by}^C^R^S^f^r^om^v^a^ri^ou^s^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^sⁱ^on^al^Bu^dg^et^O^f^fⁱ^{ce (C}^BO^{) bas}^e^lⁱⁿ^es^f^o^{r 2007. T}^h^e
^FY2008-^{2013 bas}^e^lin^{e is}^as^of^March^{2007 an}^{d does}ⁿ^o^{t in}^c^l^ud^e^t^h^{e cos}^t^of^th^{e 2008 f}^a^rm^{bill. T}^h^{e report}
^s^ection^{titled “}^P^roj^{ected C}^o^s^t^{” prov}^ides^cos^t^es^tim^ates^of^th^{e 2008 f}^a^rm^bill.

¹ Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2008, Deficit-Neutral Reserve Fund
for the Farm Bill (H.Rept. 110-153, conference report, Section 307).

Trade Negotiations and Commitments. The farm bill debate was also
influenced by obligations concerning the design and size of farm subsidies under the
World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture, as well as by the U.S.
position in the Doha Round of multilateral negotiations.
Agreement in the Doha Round was expected to converge in 2007 with the
expiration of the 2002 farm bill, and to occur well before the June 30, 2007,
expiration of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), which provides for expedited
congressional consideration of trade agreements. Some policymakers wanted a Doha
Round agreement so that the next farm bill could be made consistent with new farm
trade rules; others argued that the United States should not unilaterally change its
own subsidy programs ahead of any multilateral trade agreement. Progress on the
Doha Round stalled in 2006 and again in 2008, and criticisms and legal challenges
by some WTO member countries of current U.S. farm programs have continued.²
The Administration’s Policy Recommendations. In January 2007, the
Bush Administration released its own detailed recommendations for the farm bill that
aimed to substantially alter many aspects of the current commodity support system
and other existing farm bill programs.³ The Administration’s stated approach for
designing its 2007 farm bill recommendations was to take a “reform-minded and
fiscally responsible approach to making farm policy more equitable, predictable and
protected from challenge.”⁴ In part, this referred to the perceived need to more
evenly distribute federal program spending and benefits across a larger share of the
U.S. farm community, as well as the perceived need to modify current farm programs
to better comply with WTO obligations and limit future legal challenges from other
countries. Some of these same concerns were voiced in recommendations and
proposals by other organizations and interest groups.
The Administration’s proposed changes would have also faced potential funding
obstacles, given budget constraints for the 2008 farm bill. Nevertheless, President
Bush repeatedly threatened to veto any legislation that included certain revenue and
tax-related provisions being considered by Congress, as well as legislation that failed
to implement certain policy changes, including cuts in farm income subsidies, among
other policy issues and concerns.⁵ Also during the debate, the Administration

² For more information, see CRS Report RL33144, WTO Doha Round: The Agricultural
Negotiations; CRS Report RL33697, Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the
WTO; and CRS Report RL33853, Canada’s WTO Case Against U.S. Agricultural Support.
³ USDA, USDA’s 2007 Farm Bill Proposals, January 31, 2007, at [http://www.usda.gov/
documents/07finalfbp.pdf]. Reports and other related materials are at [http://www.usda.
gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1UH?navid=FARM_BILL_FORUMS]. Also see CRS
Report RL33916, The USDA 2007 Farm Bill Proposal: Possible Questions.
⁴ USDA, “Johanns Unveils 2007 Farm Bill Proposals,” Release No. 0020.07, January 31,

2007, at [http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome].

⁵ Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Statement of Administration Policy, H.R. 2419,
at [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/legislative/sap/110-1/hr2419sap-r.pdf] (House, May 25,

2007) and [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/legislative/sap/110-1/hr2419sap-s.pdf] (Senate,

Nov. 6, 2007).

recommended that Congress consider a one- or two-year extension of the current
farm bill and take up a new farm bill in the next session.⁶
On May 21, President Bush vetoed the conference agreement on H.R. 2419. A
second bill containing all 15 original farm bill titles, H.R. 6124, was again vetoed on
June 18. Among the reasons cited by the Administration for the veto were Congress’
inclusion of certain revenue and tax-related provisions in both bills. The
Administration was also concerned that the legislation did not include certain policy
reforms in farm income subsidies, and was concerned about possible incompatibility
with U.S. obligations under the WTO, among other policy issues. Doha Round
negotiations are continuing, however. If agreement is reached, then implementing
legislation could require changes in some farm bill programs and limit spending on
farm support.
Other Recommendations/Proposals. The 2007/2008 farm bill debate
differed from the 2002 debate in the number and scope of proposals seeking a range
of changes to existing programs, as well as the addition of new ones. Many of these
recommendations gained support within and outside Congress. In addition to the
Administration proposal, several organizations and interest groups released their own
farm bill recommendations. These included state organizations, national farm
groups, commodity associations, conservation and rural development organizations,
nutrition program advocates, and several non-traditional interest groups. These
policy recommendations represented diverse interests seeking objectives ranging
from maintaining current programs to substantially altering or eliminating them.
Some recommendations were incorporated into bills introduced by some Members
of Congress during the debate, who sought to directly challenge the existing farm
legislation and programs through comprehensive and broad-based proposed
legislative changes. Others in Congress were reluctant to change current programs
because they are strongly supported by the long-time beneficiaries.
Legislative Development
In anticipation of the 2007 farm bill, both the House and Senate Agriculture
Committees conducted hearings in Washington DC and across the country during
2006, and continued to hold hearings early in 2007.⁷ Early in 2007, the chairmen of
both the House and Senate Agriculture Committees indicated their intention to
complete work on a new farm bill prior to the August 2007 recess, with full
congressional action by September. The House Agriculture Committee conducted
its markup of its version of the farm bill (H.R. 2419) in mid-July, and completed
House floor action on July 27, 2007. The Senate Agriculture Committee approved
its version (S. 2302) in October and, on December 14, the Senate completed floor
action on its bill, which was offered as a substitute amendment to the House bill
(H.R. 2419).

⁶ For information about what could have happened if a new farm bill was not enacted and
various provisions of the 2002 farm bill were to expire, see CRS Report RL34154, Possible
Expiration of the 2002 Farm Bill.
⁷ Information on House and Senate Agriculture Committee hearings is at [http://agriculture.
house.gov/hearings/index.html] and [http://agriculture.senate.gov/Hearings/hearings.cfm].

Conference negotiations were initially delayed because of differences between
committee leadership and the Administration, and also differences between the
House and Senate on how to resolve approaches to finance new spending above
baseline using tax provisions not usually associated with farm bills. During this time,
many provisions in the 2002 farm bill were set to expire in September 2007. Certain
provisions were extended until March 15, 2008, under the Consolidated
Appropriations Act for FY2008 (P.L. 110-161). Following this extension, Congress
approved a series of additional temporary extensions, including a one-month
extension and four consecutive short-term extensions lasting through May 23, 2008.⁸
Conferees began official meetings in April 2008.
On May 8, 2008, House and Senate farm bill conferees announced the details
of a completed conference agreement (H.R. 2419, the Food, Conservation, and
Energy Act of 2008). On May 14, 2008, the House passed the conference agreement
on the 2008 farm bill by a vote of 318-106. On May 15, the Senate passed the same
bill by a vote of 81-15. Concurrently, on May 14, both the House and Senate passed,
by voice vote, the final temporary extension of current law lasting until the earlier of
May 23, 2008, or the date the 2008 farm bill was signed into law.
On May 21, 2008, the Bush Administration vetoed the legislation. The House
voted to override the veto by a vote of 316-108 also on May 21, followed by a Senate
veto override by a vote of 82-13 the next day. On May 22, the 2008 farm bill was
enacted into law (P.L. 110-234). However, an enrolling error resulted in one title of
the bill (Title III, Trade) being omitted from the version that was sent to the White
House. The newly enacted law contained 14 of 15 farm bill titles. To resolve this
issue, both the House and Senate passed a version of the 2008 farm bill with all 15
original bill titles (H.R. 6124). The President vetoed H.R. 6124 on June 18, 2008.
That same day both the House (80-14) and the Senate (317-109) voted to override the
veto and the bill became law (P.L. 110-246), replacing P.L. 110-234. A timeline
showing a chronology of major events is provided at the end of this report.
Brief Overview of Provisions
The enacted 2008 farm bill contains 15 titles covering support for commodity
crops, horticulture and livestock production, conservation, nutrition, trade and food
aid, agricultural research, farm credit, rural development, energy, forestry, and other
related programs. It also includes tax-related provisions that make certain changes
to tax laws in order to offset new spending initiatives in the rest of the bill. The 2008
farm bill replaces many of the provisions of the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) and
guides most federal farm and food policies through 2012.
The 2008 farm bill includes five new titles that were not in the 2002 farm bill,
covering horticulture and livestock products, crop insurance and disaster assistance,
commodity futures, and various tax and trade provisions. The text box shows the
titles of the 2008 farm bill and briefly describes some title provisions.

⁸ March 12 (P.L. 110-196), April 17 (P.L. 110-200), April 24 (P.L. 110-205), May 1 (P.L.
110-208), and May 14 (P.L. 110-231). Information about what could have happened if the
new farm bill was not enacted and provisions of the 2002 farm bill had expired is discussed
in CRS Report RL34154, Possible Expiration (or Extension) of the 2002 Farm Bill.

The 2008 Farm Bill: Titles and Respective Programs and Policies
^!Title I, Commodities: Income support to growers of selected commodities, including
wheat, feed grains, cotton, rice, oilseeds, peanuts, sugar, and dairy. Support is largely
through direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and marketing loans. Other
support mechanisms include government purchases for dairy, and marketing quotas
and import barriers for sugar.
^!Title II, Conservation: Environmental stewardship of farmlands and improved
management practices through land retirement and working lands programs, among
other programs geared to farmland conservation, preservation, and resource protection.
^!Title III, Agricultural Trade and Food Aid: U.S. agriculture export and
international food assistance programs, and various World Trade Organization (WTO)
obligations.
^!Title IV, Nutrition: Domestic food and nutrition and commodity distribution
programs, such as food stamps and supplemental nutrition assistance.
^!Title V, Farm Credit: Federal direct and guaranteed farm loan programs. Also
specifies loan eligibility rules and other policies.
^!Title VI, Rural Development: Business and community programs for planning,
feasibility assessments, and coordination activities with other local, state, and federal
programs, including rural broadband access.
^!Title VII, Research: Agricultural research and extension programs, including
biosecurity and response, biotechnology, and organic production.
^!Title VIII, Forestry: USDA Forest Service programs, including forestry
management, enhancement, and agroforestry programs.
^!Title IX, Energy: Bioenergy programs and grants for procurement of biobased
products to support development of biorefineries and assist eligible farmers, ranchers,
and rural small businesses in purchasing renewable energy systems, as well as user
education programs.
^!Title X, Horticulture and Organic Agriculture: A new farm bill title covering fruits,
vegetables, and specialty crops and organic agriculture.
^!Title XI, Livestock: A new farm bill title covering livestock and poultry production,
including provisions that amend existing laws governing livestock and poultry
marketing and competition, country-of-origin labeling requirements for retailers, and
meat and poultry state inspections, among other provisions.
^!Title XII, Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance: A new farm bill title covering
crop insurance and assistance previously included in the miscellaneous title (not
including the supplemental disaster assistance provisions in the Trade and Tax title).
^!Title XIII, Commodity Futures: A new farm bill title covering reauthorization of the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and other changes to current law.
^!Title XIV, Miscellaneous: Other types of farm programs and assistance not covered
in other bill titles, including provisions to assist limited-resource and socially
disadvantaged farmers, agricultural security, and other provisions.
^!Title XV, Trade and Tax Provisions: A new title covering tax-related provisions
intended to offset spending initiatives for some programs, including those in the
nutrition, conservation, and energy titles. The title also contains other provisions,
including the new supplemental disaster assistance and disaster relief trust fund.

For commodities (Title I), the enacted 2008 farm bill generally continues the
framework of the 2002 farm bill, but with changes to program eligibility criteria and
payment limitations, and adjustments to target prices and loan rates for some
commodities, covering the 2008 through 2012 crop years. The bill creates a new
Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program beginning in crop year 2009. It
also adds new provisions to address horticulture and livestock issues, and creates two
new titles to address these sectors (Title X and Title XI). The bill provides
mandatory funding for specialty crop block grants and adds new provisions
supporting pest and disease programs, new funding for growth of farmers’ markets
and for transitioning producers to organic production, and price reporting and organic
data collection, among other provisions. New animal agriculture provisions include
changes to existing laws governing livestock and poultry marketing and competition,
and changes in country-of-origin labeling requirements and meat and poultry
inspections.
The nutrition title (Title IV) reauthorizes and increases funding for most farm
bill authorized programs. It increases benefits and makes more households eligible
under in the Food Stamp program, which the farm bill conferees have renamed the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program. The 2008 farm bill also provides new
spending to increase purchases of commodities for The Emergency Food Assistance
Program (TEFAP), expands the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable program, and adds funding
for the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition program (SFMNP). The bills’ international
food aid and trade provisions (Title III) reauthorize funding for USDA’s international
food aid export market development, export credits, and export guarantees, and also
address barriers to U.S. agriculture exports.
Under the conservation (Title II), energy (Title IX), rural development (Title
VI), and forestry titles (Title VIII), the 2008 farm bill reauthorizes, expands, and
modifies many existing programs, creates new programs and initiatives, and allows
some programs to expire. The bill also reauthorizes, expands, and modifies many of
the existing provisions under the research title (Title VII) by requiring the
reorganization of USDA’s research, extension, and economic agencies.
The 2008 farm bill expands borrowing opportunities under USDA’s Farm
Service Agency loan program (Title V). It also creates a new farm bill title to modify
crop insurance (Title XII), which provides significant savings to offset the cost of
new spending in other parts of the bill. Provisions in the bill also provide ongoing
disaster assistance (Title XV) and address agricultural security and animal quarantine
inspections (Title XIV).
The bill includes revenue and offsetting cost provisions that are outside the
jurisdiction of the agriculture committees. These provisions make certain changes
to tax laws that are intended to offset additional spending in the farm bill, and were
added by both chambers to comply with current pay-go budget rules (Title XV). The
2008 farm bill also includes the reauthorization of and modifications to the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
The report section titled “Summary of the 2008 Farm Bill Provisions” provides
more detailed discussions of the major provisions in the final conference agreement
and in the House and Senate versions of the farm bill.

Projected Cost
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates the total cost of the 2008 bill
(i.e., baseline plus new funding, using the March 2007 baseline) at $284 billion over
FY2008-FY2012 and $604 billion over FY2008-FY2017 (Table 2).⁹ The costs
discussed in this report are mandatory outlays that do not require appropriations
actions. The farm bill also authorizes discretionary programs that require
appropriators to allocate funds and thus are not reflected in the table.
Table 2 provides a title-by-title breakdown of CBO spending estimates for the
enacted 2008 farm bill, covering both FY2008-FY2012 and FY2008-FY2017. The
overwhelming share (more than 95%) of estimated total net outlays for programs
included in the farm bill is anticipated to be spent on programs and activities covered
by the nutrition (67%), the commodities (15%), the conservation (9%), and crop
insurance titles (8%). Of the $284 billion in projected total five-year net outlays for
programs under the farm bill — including revenue and cost-offset provisions in the
bill — about $42 billion in projected spending will support commodity crops, $189
billion will support the cost of food stamps and commodity assistance, $24 billion
will support conservation programs, and $22 billion will support crop insurance. For
FY2008-FY2012, the enacted bill also includes nearly $4 billion in new spending for
supplemental disaster assistance (included under Title XV). Another $10 billion is
expected to be spent on trade, horticulture and livestock production, rural
development, research, forestry and energy, and other programs.
Tax-related provisions — particularly from customs user fees and corporate
estimated tax payments in the bill — along with cost savings from some farm bill
programs, are expected to generate additional funding to offset any new spending.
CBO estimates that offsets in the bill total more than $10 billion over five years
(FY2008-2012) (Table 2), which includes tax-related provisions, and proceeds from
the credit, crop insurance, and commodity program titles. Disaster assistance and
programs under the nutrition and conservation titles account for the majority of the
new spending in the bill.
2008 Farm Bill Implementation
Many of the program changes included in the 2008 farm bill will require action
by USDA to develop regulations and guidelines. How USDA interprets these
changes and follows through with modifications at the program level will likely be
subject to additional scrutiny over the coming year, especially since many of these
legislative changes must be made by dates specified in the farm bill.

⁹ Estimates reflect the cost of the bills’ mandatory programs only. The bills also include
authorization of appropriations for discretionary programs not included in these estimates.
The March 2007 baseline is used because the House, the Senate, and the conferees
structured their provisions in relation to this baseline. If the March 2008 baseline were used,
the bill’s cost would be at least $4 billion over FY2008-FY2017.

Table 2. CBO Estimated Costs for the

2008 Conference Agreement on the Farm Bill (FY2008-FY2012)

(outlays in million $)
F Y 2008-F Y 2012 F Y 2008-F Y 2017
BaselineCBO ScoreTotalBaselineCBO ScoreTotal
( c hange) ( c hange)
Commodities (Title I)43,354(1,726)41,62887,179(1,658)85,521
Conservation (Title II)21,3922,72024,11250,6994,00054,699
Trade/Food Aid (Title III)1,823301,8533,715(78)3,637
Nutrition (Title IV)^a186,0052,897188,902397,1319,218406,349
Credit (Title V)(1,046)(378)(1,424)(2,321)(306)(2,627)
Rural Development (Title VI)7212219472149221
Research (Title VII)290313211,290(907)383
Forestry (Title VIII)0383804545
Energy (Title IX)4160264343836879
Horticulture/Organic (Title X) — 402402 — 938938
Livestock (Title XI) — 11 — 11
Crop Insurance (Title XII)25,718(3,860)21,85852,743(5,591)47,152
Commodity Futures (Title XIII) — 00 — 00
Miscellaneous (Title XIV)^b6,338446,38213,668(138)13,530
Disaster Assistance (Title XV) — 3,8073,807 — 3,8073,807
Tax/Other (Title XV) — (4,798)(4,798) — (10,429)(10,429)
283,987 (66) 283,921 604,218 (107) 604,111
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^con^f^eren^{ce ag}^reem^en^t^f^o^{r H}^.^R^.^{2419, t}^h^{e F}^{ood, C}^oⁿ^s^erv^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^,^an^{d En}^erg^y^A^c^t^o^f^2008;^al^s^o^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^Fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^e^C^o^m^m^ittee,
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Requirements and/or regulatory guidelines will be needed to implement various
newly enacted or modified program provisions. For example, these include the new
revenue-based counter-cyclical program and new requirements on producer payment
limits (Title I); new mandatory country-of-origin labeling for certain livestock, and
poultry, and other products, as well as new state meat and seafood inspections (Title
XI); and new mandatory provisions for fruit and vegetable crops and organic
agriculture (Title X). The farm bill’s new Supplemental Agricultural Assistance
programs (Title XV) will require regulations to implement, with the biggest
implementation issue involving the timeliness of payments under the crop disaster
assistance portion of the programs. In addition, the farm bill’s research title (Title
VII) takes major step in consolidating programs and planning in USDA’s agricultural
research, education, and economics mission area, which will merge three existing
USDA agencies.
The farm bill's nutrition title (Title IV) makes changes to several existing
nutrition programs but requires little or no federal guidance as to their
implementation because they are "self-executing" (e.g., change or remove a specific
dollar amount specified in law), call for minimal revisions to existing rules, or are

state/local options. However, some initiatives, like the fresh fruit and vegetable
program, may be revisited in the 111^th Congress when it takes up a scheduled
reauthorization of child nutrition laws. Other programs and provisions throughout
the farm bill — covering conservation, forestry, energy, and rural development,
among others — will also require new requirements and regulatory guidelines to
implement.
In June, 2008, USDA announced its plans for developing implementation
structures and procedures for the 2008 farm bill.¹⁰ As part of this plan, USDA began
working on a timeline for various priority items and regulatory development,
identifying responsible implementing agencies and also cross-cutting issues, working
with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on the rulemaking process, and
identifying action items for immediate action, among other steps. Earlier media
reports, however, have USDA asserting it might need more money beyond the $50
million that Congress provided to implement the new farm bill;¹¹ other reports
suggest that technology needs at USDA could slow delivery of these enacted program
changes.¹²
In October 2008, USDA representatives told key congressional committee staff
that implementation of the 2008 farm bill would involve the development of more
than 150 individual regulations.¹³ An estimated 40 regulations are will be developed
by USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA); an estimated 24 regulations would be
required within a short turnaround, given that Congress had specified that regulations
be developed within 90 days of bill enactment. USDA representatives indicated that
there could be delays in the rulemaking process because of the “massive workload”
required and possible backlog in Federal Register publications.¹⁴
Summary of the 2008 Farm Bill Provisions
The following is a discussion of the major provisions in the 2008 farm bill. As
with any omnibus bill covering many issues and laws, the 2008 farm bill may contain
technical inconsistencies that are likely to be rectified in a later law. The effects of
these inconsistencies are not reflected in the following side-by-side.
Following the discussion is a detailed side-by-side comparison summarizing the
major provisions in the 2008 farm bill and comparing the enacted bill provisions with

¹⁰ USDA, "USDA Implementation of the 2008 Farm Bill (as of June 17, 2008)." Information
provided to House Agriculture Committee staff.
¹¹ J. Hagstrom, "USDA Says It Needs More Cash to Implement Farm Bill," National Journal,
June 26, 2008.
¹² S. Wyant, "USDA Forges Ahead with Farm Bill Implementation," High Plains Journal,
June 5, 2008, at [http://hpj.com/archives/2008/jun08/jun9/USDAforgesaheadwithfarmbill.
cfm].
¹³ USDA, "Farm Bill Implementation Status report for Congressional Staff,” October 3,

2008. Information provided to House Agriculture Committee staff.

¹⁴ Statements during a briefing to House Agriculture Committee staff, October 3, 2008.

previous law and provisions in the House- and Senate-passed bills. USDA’s
Economic Research Service (ERS) also has published a side-by-side comparison of
the 2008 and the 2002 farm bills, as enacted.¹⁵
Title I: Commodity Programs
Grains, Oilseeds, and Cotton Support. The enacted 2008 farm bill
generally continues the farm commodity price and income support framework of the
2002 farm bill. It revises payment limitations by tightening some limits and relaxing
others, and adjusts target prices and loan rates for some commodities. It continues the
direct payment, counter-cyclical payment, and marketing loan programs for the 2008
through 2012 crop years. The enacted bill also creates a pilot revenue-based
counter-cyclical program beginning with the 2009 crop year. It also has a pilot
program for planting flexibility, restrictions on base acres developed for residential
use, and a new provision that eliminates benefits to farms with fewer than 10 acres.
For direct payments, the payment rates per commodity remain the same as under
the 2002 farm bill, but the overall formula contains a 2% reduction in direct
payments for crop years 2009-2011. This is accomplished by changing the ratio of
base acres on which direct payments are made from 85% to 83.3% of base acres. The
85% ratio is restored for the 2012 crop year to maintain baseline for the next farm bill
at a higher level. The reduction to 83.3% does not affect the counter-cyclical
payment formula. The final bill also adopts House and Senate provisions that
eliminate making advance direct payments in the 2012 crop year and thereafter. This
provision delays payment of 22% of the direct payment amount from December to
the following October, thus into a new fiscal year and allowing the farm bill to score
budget savings of about $1.1 billion in FY2012. Farmers will have to wait longer, but
will receive their full payment.
Support levels for counter-cyclical payments and marketing loans are adjusted
with many crops receiving notable increases, and support for cotton being reduced
slightly. Several commodity groups felt that their support levels were not high
enough relative to other commodities in the 2002 farm bill, and did not receive
counter cyclical support ever or as often (e.g., wheat, soybeans). For counter-cyclical
payments, six out of 10 commodities have an increase in their target price (wheat,
sorghum, barley, oats, soybeans and minor oilseeds), one has a small decrease
(cotton), and four are new in 2009 (dry peas, lentils, small chickpeas, large
chickpeas). For marketing loans, eight out of 20 commodities have an increase in
their loan rate (wheat, barley, oats, minor oilseeds, graded wool, honey, cane sugar,
beet sugar), two have a decrease (dry peas, lentils), and one is new in 2009 (large
chickpeas).
The 2008 farm bill does not change the “beneficial interest” rules, and thus
continues to allow farmers to lock in their loan deficiency payments (LDP) when
market prices are low, continue to own the commodity, and sell it at a future and
possibly higher market price. Policy makers want farmers to continue to have the

¹⁵ USDA, ERS, The 2008 Farm Bill Side-By-Side Comparison, at [http://www.ers.usda.gov/
FarmBill/2008/].

flexibility to market their commodities in response to market signals and benefit from
the program, but advocates for change point out that if farmers can sell their crop for
more than the support price, then government support should be unnecessary. The
Bush Administration had identified this as one of its priorities for commodity title
reform.
For the new revenue counter-cyclical option — the Average Crop Revenue
Election (ACRE) program — the final bill adopted the Senate approach, but with
significant modifications. Compared to the Senate-passed bill, the ACRE program
starts a year earlier in 2009 with less change to its interaction with direct payments
and marketing loans. The House-passed farm bill offered a pilot revenue
counter-cyclical program based on national-level revenues, while the Senate-passed
bill offered a state-level revenue counter-cyclical pilot program beginning in 2010
that replaced direct payments with a “fixed payment” and offered only recourse
loans.
Farmers will choose either the traditional price-triggered counter-cyclical
program or the new revenue-based ACRE option. Participants in the ACRE program
will continue to receive direct payments, but at a 20% reduced rate. Participants will
also continue to be eligible for nonrecourse marketing loans, but with a 30% lower
loan rate. To receive an ACRE payment, two triggers need to be met. First, the
actual state revenue for a supported crop during the crop year must be less than the
state-level revenue guarantee amount. Second, an individual farm’s actual revenue
for a supported crop during the crop year must be less than the farm’s benchmark
revenue. Benchmark yields at the state and farm levels are Olympic averages
(dropping the highest and lowest price) of the most recent five years. Price
guarantees are averages of the marketing year price (or the marketing loan rate
reduced by 30%, if greater) for the most recent two years. If both triggers are met,
an individual farm will receive an ACRE payment that is based on the state-level
difference between actual revenue and the ACRE guarantee per acre multiplied by
a percentage (83.3% or 85% depending on the crop year) of the farm’s planted
acreage, but pro-rated based on the individual farm’s yield history compared to the
state’s yield history.
The White House has criticized the ACRE program because its two-year price
guarantee feature will incorporate the historically high recent market prices into the
guarantee, and consequently possibly require large payments to farmers if market
prices decline from their currently record high levels in 2007 and 2008. The White
House has argued that the CBO score does not reflect the magnitude of this
possibility because market prices in the baseline are assumed to remain high.
The 2008 farm bill also includes a pilot planting flexibility program for fruits
and vegetables for processing, while continuing the overall restriction on planting
fruits and vegetables on base acreage. The pilot program begins in 2009, and allows
farmers in seven midwestern states to plant base acres to cucumbers, green peas, lima
beans, pumpkins, snap beans, sweet corn, and tomatoes grown for processing. Their
base acres are temporarily reduced for the year (resulting in lower direct and
counter-cyclical payments), but restored for the next crop year. The states include
Minnesota (34,000 acres), Wisconsin (9,000 acres), Michigan (9,000 acres), Illinois
(9,000 acres), Indiana (9,000 acres), Ohio (4,000 acres), and Iowa (1,000 acres).

The farm bill includes a Senate provision that eliminates base acres on land that
had been subdivided into multiple residential units or other non-farming uses. Prior
rules have eliminated base only for land developed for nonagricultural commercial
or industrial use.
The farm bill also eliminates payments to farms with fewer than 10 base acres
of all crops, except for farms owned by socially disadvantaged or limited-resource
farmers and ranchers. The acreage approach is different than a House provision
which set a minimum threshold of $25 per type of payment. The Senate had no
similar provision.
The bill requires USDA to reconcile social security numbers of program
recipients with a Social Security database twice a year to assure program
beneficiaries are alive, and to issue regulations describing how long a deceased
person’s estate may continue to qualify for program benefits. This is less specific
than the Senate provision, which specified a two-year period. This provision is in
response to a 2007 GAO report showing that farm commodity payments continue to
be paid to deceased farmers or their estates beyond the two-year regulation.
Payment Limits. Two types of payment limits exist. One sets the maximum
amount of farm program payments that a person can receive per year. The other sets
the maximum amount of income that an individual can earn and still remain eligible
for program benefits (a means test).
Regarding the limit on the amount of payments, the enacted 2008 farm bill
continues the $40,000 limit on direct payments and $65,000 limit on counter-cyclical
payments. The counter-cyclical limit will apply to both traditional and revenue
counter-cyclical payments. The final bill does not place any limit on marketing loan
benefits, and thus they are now unlimited. In the 2002 farm bill, marketing loan
benefits were limited to $75,000 per farm per year, but use of commodity certificates
and forfeiture were unlimited, thus creating equity issues.
The 2008 farm bill still allows doubling of those limits by having a spouse, but
eliminates the “three-entity rule” that formerly allowed an alternative means of
doubling by having multiple farms with different ownership arrangements. Along
with elimination of the three-entity rule, the conference agreement requires “direct
attribution” of program benefits to a living person. If a program payment cannot be
traced to a living person within four levels of ownership, the payment to the original
entity owning the farm is reduced proportionately.
Under the 2002 farm bill, the limit on payments was commonly regarded as
$360,000 per farm per year.¹⁶ Given the elimination of limits on the marketing loan
program, an equivalent comparison to the 2008 farm bill is difficult. The limit on
direct and counter-cyclical payments continues to be $210,000 per farmer couple per¹⁷

year.
¹⁶ Calculated as follows: $40,000 + $65,000 + $75,000 = $180,000 (doubled to $360,000).
¹⁷ Calculated as follows: $40,000 + $65,000 = $105,000 (doubled to $210,000).

Regarding the adjusted gross income (AGI) limit, the 2008 farm bill adopts a
slightly different approach than the 2002 farm bill or the House or Senate bills.
Formerly, the AGI limit had an exception if a certain proportion of AGI (e.g., 75%)
was earned from farming sources. The 2008 farm bill eliminates the exception and
creates two new measures of AGI: adjusted gross nonfarm income, and adjusted
gross farm income.
First, if a three-year average of nonfarm AGI exceeds $500,000, then no
program benefits are allowed (direct, counter-cyclical and marketing loan). Second,
if a three-year average of farm AGI exceeds $750,000, then no direct payments are
allowed (but counter-cyclical and marketing loan benefits are allowed for these
higher-income farmers). Program participants can have income from both sources,
but the caps for each type are “hard” caps (that is, there are no exceptions to the cap
as with “soft” caps, except that the cap on farm AGI applies only to direct payments).
For example, if a full-time farmer has nonfarm AGI over $500,000, their program
payments are eliminated regardless of their farm income. A taxpayer’s AGI may also
be between $750,000 and $1.25 million and still receive program benefits if the
income is split in such a way to remain below the caps on farm and nonfarm income.
Moreover, the 2008 farm bill adopts a Senate provision that allows AGI of a married
couple to be divided as if separate tax returns were filed. While in principle this
provision could allow doubling of the AGI limits, the income needs to be legitimately
allocated between the spouses, likely by Social Security numbers or equivalent
identifiers.
For more information on the commodity programs above and payment limits,
see CRS Report RL34594, Farm Commodity Programs in the 2008 Farm Bill.
Dairy. Two federal programs that support milk prices and dairy farm income
were among the farm bill programs set to expire in 2007 — the dairy price support
program (DPSP) and the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program. In the past
under the DPSP, USDA had been required to indirectly support the farm price of
milk, most recently at $9.90 per cwt. (100 pounds), which it has done by purchasing
surplus butter, nonfat dry milk, and cheese at specified minimum prices. The 2008
farm bill continues the DPSP through December 2012, but modifies the program by
specifying, in the law itself, the minimum purchase prices for these manufactured
dairy products. If net removals (essentially, USDA’s surplus purchases) for 12
consecutive months exceed statutory limits, USDA may reduce product purchase
prices, under the final law.
Under expiring law, the MILC program had paid participating farmers 34% of
the difference between a target price of $16.94 per cwt. and the monthly market price
for farm fluid milk in New England, when the market price is below the target. Per
farm payments had been limited to the first 2.4 million lbs. of annual milk
production. The enacted 2008 farm bill extends the program, but generally increases
the payment factor to 45% of the price differential for the period from October 1,
2008, through August 31, 2012, as proposed by the Senate. Conferees also increased
the production limit for payments to 2.985 million pounds, compared with a Senate
proposal that would have raised the limit to 4.15 million pounds. Furthermore, the
$16.94 per cwt. payment rate must be adjusted to reflect feed cost increases above

trigger levels specified in the enacted farm bill. CBO has estimated the total net
five-year increase in outlays for the bill’s key dairy provisions at $386 million.
A third ongoing federal dairy policy tool, federal milk marketing orders, require
dairy processors to pay a minimum price for farm milk depending on its end use (i.e.,
the type of product produced). Federal orders are permanently authorized, but a
number of issues were brought to the attention of Congress for the farm bill debate.
Dairy processors had been seeking a change in statute to exempt them from paying
the federal milk marketing order minimum price whenever they forward contract
prices with dairy farmers. The 2008 farm bill authorizes farmers to voluntarily enter
into forward price contracts until September 30, 2012, with none to extend beyond
September 30, 2015. The legislation contains safeguards designed to ensure that
dairy farmers are not compelled by processors to participate in the program. The
final bill also establishes, subject to the availability of appropriations, a commission
to review and evaluate federal milk marketing order policies and procedures, and in
the meantime revises the formal hearing procedures used to consider amendments to
the orders.
Other dairy-related provisions in the enacted bill bring Alaska, Hawaii, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico into the dairy research and promotion (check-
off) program; lower the promotion program’s assessment rate for imported products
to 7.5 cents per cwt.; extend the dairy indemnity program; and provide for new
USDA directives related to dairy product price reporting. For more information, see
CRS Report RL34036, Dairy Policy and the 2008 Farm Bill.
Sugar. The sugar program is designed to guarantee the price received by
growers and processors of sugar beets and sugarcane, but at no cost to the U.S.
Treasury. To accomplish this, USDA limits the amount of sugar that processors can
sell domestically under “marketing allotments” and restricts imports, in order to keep
market prices above support levels. This way, the incentive exists for sugar cane¹⁸
processors and beet refiners to repay nonrecourse price support loans extended by
USDA rather than hand over processed sugar as payment (commonly referred to as
loan forfeitures).
To address the potential for a U.S. sugar surplus caused by unrestricted imports
from Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and from
other countries under other free trade agreements, and the resulting loan forfeitures,
the 2008 farm bill mandates a sugar-for-ethanol program. USDA is now required to
purchase U.S.-produced sugar roughly equal to excess imports, if necessary to
maintain market prices above support levels. The sugar purchased must then be sold
to bioenergy producers for processing into ethanol. USDA’s Commodity Credit
Corporation will provide open-ended funding for this program. Other provisions

¹⁸ A type of loan where farmers or processors pledge a commodity as collateral to obtain a
loan from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) at a commodity-specific, per-unit loan
rate. The borrower may repay the loan, with interest, within a specified period and regain
control of the commodity. Alternatively, the commodity can be forfeited to the CCC with
no penalty if market prices fall below the loan rate at the end of the term. The government
takes no recourse beyond accepting the commodity as full settlement of the loan.

increase the raw sugar and refined beet loan rates by 4%-5% by FY2012, mandate an
85% domestic market share for the U.S. sugar producing sector, and remove some
of the discretionary authority that USDA exercises to administer import quotas.
Though CBO scored some savings for the ethanol program, it projects the sugar
program will cost about $650 million over five years. The Bush Administration
opposed the program, arguing that instead of reform, its provisions “actually increase
government intervention to drive up sugar prices.” It asserted that the sugar-for-
ethanol component will operate at a “huge loss” as excess sugar supply is auctioned
off to ethanol processors.¹⁹
For more background, see CRS Report RL34103, Sugar Policy and the 2008
Farm Bill.
Title II: Conservation
The 2008 farm bill reauthorizes almost all 2002 farm bill conservation
programs, modifies several programs, and creates several new conservation
programs. CBO-estimated new spending on the conservation title — not including
estimated conservation-related revenue and cost-offset provisions in the bill — is
projected to increase by $2.7 billion over 5 years and $4.0 billion over 10 years.
Total mandatory spending (new spending plus baseline) for the conservation title is
projected at $24.3 billion over 5 years (FY2008-FY2012) and $55.2 billion over 10
years (FY2008-FY2017).
Conservation programs administered by USDA can be broadly grouped into
land retirement programs and so-called “working lands” programs. In general, land
retirement and easement programs take land out of crop production and provide for
program rental payments and cost-sharing to establish longer term conservation
coverage, in order to convert the land back into forests, grasslands, or wetlands.
Working lands programs provide technical and financial assistance to assist farmers
to improve land management practices. Major land retirement and easement
programs include the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the Conservation
Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), the
Grasslands Reserve Program (GRP), and the Farmland Protection Program (FPP),
among other programs. Major working lands programs include the Environmental
Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), the (renamed) Conservation Stewardship
Program (CSP), the Agricultural Management Assistance (AMA) program, and the
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP), among others.
Changes to existing programs address eligibility requirements, program
definitions, enrollment and payment limits, contract terms, evaluation and ranking
criteria, and other administrative issues. In general, the conservation title includes
certain changes that expand eligibility and the delivery of technical assistance under
most programs to cover more broadly, for example, forested and managed lands,
pollinator habitat and protection, and identified natural resource areas, among other

¹⁹ White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Fact Sheet: Congress’ Farm Bill Is Bad for
American Taxpayers,” May 9, 2008, available at [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/

2008/05/print/20080509.html ].

expansions. Producer coverage across most programs is also expanded to include
beginning, limited resource, and socially disadvantaged producers; speciality crop
producers; and producers transitioning to organic production. The enacted bill also
creates new conservation programs to address emerging issues and priority resource
areas, and also new subprograms under existing programs.
The majority of the agriculture and farmland conservation groups have
responded favorably to the expanded provisions and increased funding for programs
in the conservation title of the 2008 farm bill. However, a few wildlife groups have
expressed concern about changes that were made to some provisions during the
conference negotiations, which they perceive as providing fewer benefits for the
protection of wildlife and wildlife habitat. Among the concerns expressed by these
groups are the reduction in the CRP acreage enrollment cap, easing of the
requirements under the so-called sodsaver provision, limitations on the types of lands
eligible under WHIP, and the new permanent disaster fund, which could encourage
marginal land plantings, among other concerns.
Land Retirement/Easement Programs. The largest conservation program
in terms of total annual funding is the CRP. The enacted bill caps CRP enrollment
at 32 million acres, down from its previous cap of 39.2 million acres. The managers
report on the conference agreement states this reduction is “not ... an indicator of
declining or reduced support for CRP;” however, in other sections of the report
USDA is encouraged to assist producers who are transitioning from land retirement
to working lands conservation. The bill makes certain program changes, including
allowing for USDA to address state, regional, and national conservation initiatives;
expanding the program to cover beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers/
ranchers; allowing for certain types of managed grazing and installation of wind
turbines on enrolled lands (but at reduced rates); requiring that program participants
manage lands according to a conservation plan; requiring USDA to survey annually
the per-acre estimates of county cash rents paid to CRP contract holders; clarifying
the status of alfalfa grown as part of a rotation practice; and establishing cost-sharing
rates for certain types of conservation structures. The bill also modifies the pilot
program that allows for wetland and buffer acreage to enroll in CRP, subject to state
acreage and maximum size limitations.²⁰
The bill increases the WRP maximum enrollment cap to over 3.014 million
acres (up from a previous cap of 2.275 million acres), and expands eligible lands to
include certain types of private and tribal wetlands, croplands, and grasslands, as well
as lands that meet the habitat needs of specific wildlife species. The 2008 farm bill
authorizes a new Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program, to establish agreements
with states similar to that for CREP, which includes a Reserved Rights Pilot program
to explore whether reserving grazing rights is compatible with WRP. The bill makes
certain program changes, including changing the payment schedule for easements;
specifying criteria for ranking program applications; requiring that USDA conduct
an annual survey starting with FY2008 of the Prairie Pothole Region in the northern

²⁰ Acreage in CREP — a subprogram within CRP — would be excluded from the CRP
county acreage cap in order to encourage greater program participation.

Great Plains area; and requiring USDA to submit a report to Congress on long-term
conservation easements under the program.
For GRP, the enacted bill adopts a new acreage enrollment goal of an additional

1.2 million acres by 2012, with 40% of funds for rental contracts (10-, 15-, and 20-

year duration) and 60% for permanent easements. The bill modifies terms and
conditions of GRP contracts and easements to permit fire presuppression and
addition of grazing-related activities, such as fencing and livestock watering. It does
not include a Grassland Reserve Enhancement provision, as proposed in the House.
For FPP, the bill makes several technical changes to the program, covering the
program’s administrative requirements, appraisal methodology, and terms and
conditions, among other issues. The farm bill conferees did not to rename FPP as the
“Farm and Ranchland Protection Program,” as the program is often referred to by
USDA. The bill provides additional budget authority for FPP of $773 million
(FY2008-2012).
Working Lands Programs. EQIP and CSP are the two largest USDA
working lands programs, and received additional budget authority under the 2008
farm bill. The enacted bill did not adopt a Senate proposal that would have closely
coordinated CSP and EQIP under the so-called Comprehensive Stewardship
Incentives Program.
For EQIP, the enacted bill expands the program to cover practices that enhance
soil, surface and ground water, and air quality, and conserve energy; it also covers
grazing land, forestland, wetland, and other types of land and natural resources that
support wildlife. The bill sets aside 5% of EQIP spending for beginning farmers and
ranchers and 5% for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, providing up to
90% of the costs of implementing an EQIP plan for these farmers. It also provides
payments to assist tribal or native corporation members, and producers transitioning
to organic production. The bill lowers the EQIP payment limit to $300,000 (down
from $450,000) in any six-year period per entity, except in cases of special
environmental significance, including projects involving methane digesters, as
determined by USDA. Projects with organic production benefits are capped at
$20,000 annually or $80,000 in any six-year period. The enacted bill retains the
requirement that 60% of funds be made available for cost-sharing to livestock
producers, including incentive payments for producers who develop a comprehensive
nutrient management plan.
The bill modifies EQIP’s Conservation Innovation Grants program to cover air
quality concerns associated with agriculture (including greenhouse gas emissions).
It also replaces the Ground and Surface Water Conservation Program within EQIP
with a new Agricultural Water Enhancement Program (AWEP) to address water
quality and quantity concerns on agricultural land, highlighting certain priority areas
and providing additional mandatory funds for the program. The bill provides
additional budget authority for EQIP of $3.4 billion (FY2008-2012).

For CSP, the enacted bill replaces the Conservation Security Program with a
new and renamed Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP).²¹ The new CSP,
beginning in 2009, will continue to encourage conservation practices on working
lands, but will be different than the former program in that it eliminates the three-tier
approach, removes 10-year contracts, and requires direct attribution of payments,
among other changes, thus requiring that USDA promulgate new rules for the
program. The bill sets a target of enrolling more than 13 million acres annually in
the new program, with individual producer payments limited to $200,000 per entity
in any five-year period. The types of eligible lands are expanded to include priority
resource concerns, as identified by states; certain private agricultural and forested
lands; and also some nonindustrial private forest lands (limited to not more than 10%
of total annual acres under the program). Technical assistance will also be provided
to specialty crop and organic producers, along with pilot testing of producers who
engage in innovative new technologies. Supplemental payments may be available
to producers who engage in certain types of crop rotations. Program payments may
not be used for the design, construction, or maintenance of animal waste storage or
treatment facilities or associated waste transport or transfer devices.
Among other programs, the 2008 farm bill reauthorizes WHIP at current
funding levels, but limits program eligibility to focus on lands “for the development
of wildlife habitat on private agricultural land, nonindustrial private forest land, and
tribal lands,” thus potentially excluding some previously covered areas. It also
allows USDA to provide priority to projects that address issues raised by state,
regional, and national conservation initiatives. The bill raises the limit on cost-share
payments to 25% for long-term projects under WHIP and limits total payments to
$50,000 per year. The bill also authorizes increased funding for several programs,
including the Grassroots Source Water Protection Program and the Small Watershed
Rehabilitation Program; it also provides additional mandatory funding for AMA and
includes Hawaii as an eligible state under that program.
New Conservation Programs. The 2008 farm bill expands the range of
USDA conservation activities and creates several new programs, including a program
expanding conservation activities in the Chesapeake Bay region, a new state grants
program, a provision to limit production on native sod, and provisions promoting
market-based approaches to conservation.
The new Chesapeake Bay Watershed Program applies to all tributaries,
backwaters, and side channels, including watersheds, draining into the Chesapeake
Bay, but gives priority to the Susquehanna, Shenandoah, Potomac, and Patuxent
Rivers. The bill authorizes $438 million in total mandatory funding for FY2009-
FY2012. The Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentives Program (also referred
to as the “Open Fields” program) authorizes state grants to encourage landowners to
provide public access for wildlife-dependent recreation, subject to a 25% reduction
for the total grant amount if the opening dates for migratory bird hunting in the state
are not consistent for residents and non-residents. The bill provides $50 million in
mandatory funds for FY2009-FY2012 for the program. The so-called sodsaver
provision makes producers that plant an insurable crop (over 5 acres) on native sod

²¹ Funding is made available for contract under the former CSP program.

ineligible for crop insurance and the noninsured crop disaster assistance program for
the first five years of planting. The enacted 2008 farm bill states that this provision
may apply to virgin prairie converted to cropland in the Prairie Pothole National
Priority Area, if elected by the state. Finally, the bill includes a provision intended
to facilitate the participation of farmers and landowners in emerging environmental
services markets, such as water and air quality, habitat protection, and carbon storage.
The farm bill directs USDA to establish a framework for developing consistent
standards and processes for quantifying environmental services from the agriculture
and forestry sectors, but does not authorize funding for this effort.
For more detailed information, see CRS Report RL34557, Conservation
Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill. For more information on individual conservation
programs and past conservation funding, see CRS Report RL33556, Soil and Water
Conservation: An Overview. For more information on conservation programs and
funding, see CRS Report RL32940, Agricultural Conservation Programs: A
Scorecard.
Title III: Trade
The 2008 farm bill reauthorizes, in Title III of the farm bill, programs that
provide international food aid and that promote U.S. commercial agricultural exports.
A relatively few export programs are terminated, while selected others receive
increased funding.
Food Aid. The United States is the world’s largest provider of food aid,
accounting for about 60% of total global food aid over the last decade. The bill
extends P.L. 480 food aid programs through 2012 and changes the title of the
underlying act from Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act to Food for
Peace Act. The bill also removes export market development as an objective of the
programs under the statute. P.L. 480 Title II is the largest U.S. food aid program.
The bill authorizes $2.5 billion to be appropriated annually for P.L. 480 Title II,
which provides U.S. commodities for emergency relief and non-emergency
(development) projects overseas. Were Congress to make the full appropriation, that
amount would represent a substantial increase over the average annual appropriation
of $1.2 billion in recent years. Although authorized in the farm bill, P.L. 480 Title
II is administered by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
The 2008 farm bill increases the amounts of P.L. 480 funds that can be allocated
to various food aid program activities. It increases the amount available for
administrative and distribution expenses of food aid project implementing
organizations from between 5% to 10% to between 7.5% and 13% of the funds
available for Title III. The bill also provides $4.5 million for FY2009-2001 to study
and improve food aid quality issues. The limit on funding available for pre-
positioning of commodities overseas to help expedite delivery is increased from its
2002 farm bill level of $2 million to $10 million each fiscal year. The bill also
reauthorizes a program of assistance for stockpiling and rapid transportation,
delivery, and distribution of shelf-stable, prepackaged foods and increases the
program’s funding from $3 million to $8 million each fiscal year. For monitoring
and evaluation of Title II non-emergency programs, the bill provides up to $22

million annually, not more than $8 million of which could be used for USAID’s
Famine Early Warning System (FEWS).
Both the House- and Senate-passed versions of the farm bill had contained hard
earmarks for non-emergency or development food aid. The farm bill retains an
earmark for development food aid (termed a “safe box”) beginning at $375 million
in FY2009 and ending at $450 million in FY2012. The safe box designation can only
be waived if the President determines that an extraordinary food emergency exists
and that resources available from the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (see below)
have been exhausted, and if the President has submitted a request to Congress for
additional appropriations equal to the reduction in safe box and Emerson Trust levels.
Private voluntary organizations (PVOs) argued for the safe box, maintaining that it
would give them assurances of supply of the commodities they rely on to carry out
development projects. The Administration opposed the safe box concept, saying that
it would deprive it of the flexibility needed to respond to emergency food aid needs.
The 2008 farm bill reauthorizes other smaller programs that provide food aid
to countries promoting the development of market-oriented agricultural sectors (Food
for Progress, FFP) or for school feeding and nutrition programs (the McGovern-Dole
International School Feeding and Child Nutrition Program). USDA administers
these smaller food aid programs. The bill reauthorizes FFP without lifting the cap
on CCC-funded transportation of commodities (an action that the Senate farm bill
had recommended), which effectively determines the volume of commodities that
can be provided. For the McGovern-Dole program, the bill provides an additional
$84 million of CCC funds to remain available until expended. The House-passed
bill, however, had proposed changing the funding basis of McGovern-Dole from
discretionary to mandatory and increasing spending from $140 million in FY2009 to
$300 million in FY2012. The final enacted bill also reauthorizes the Bill Emerson
Humanitarian Trust, providing a reserve of commodities and cash that can be used
to provide food aid in the event of unanticipated emergency food needs.
The final bill authorizes $60 million of CCC funds to carry out a pilot program
for local or regional purchase of agricultural commodities for food aid programs for
FY2009-2012. Under current law, the United States can use P.L. 480 funds only to
purchase U.S. commodities. The Administration’s proposal for local/regional
purchase, its only farm bill food aid proposal, would have provided for up to 25% of
the funds available for P.L. 480 Title II to be allocated to this purpose. In FY2007,
that would have amounted to up to $447 million. Local or regional purchases, the
Administration argued, would make the U.S. response to emergencies more timely
and cost-effective. Opponents of the proposal, however, maintained that it would
undermine the coalition of producers, shippers, and charitable organizations that
support U.S. food aid and would result in less U.S. food aid being provided.
Congress’s rejection of the local/regional purchase proposal is one of the reasons
listed by the Administration for its veto of the farm bill.
Trade. The 2008 farm bill extends USDA’s export market development
programs through FY2012. Although both the House- and Senate-passed farm bills
had proposed increased funding for the Market Access Program (MAP), the bill
maintains funding at the FY2007 level — $200 million annually. Similarly, the bill
maintains funding for the Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP) — $34.5

million annually — over the life of the bill. MAP promotes mainly high value farm
exports, while FMDP promotes mainly bulk or generic commodity exports. The bill
revises the export credit guarantee programs to bring them into compliance with a
WTO dispute settlement decision in the U.S.-Brazil cotton case that the United States
lost. Changes include elimination of the 1% cap on origination fees for export credit
guarantees and repeal of legislative authority for the supplier credit program (a short-
term credit guarantee) and the intermediate export credit guarantee program (3-10
years). The 2008 farm bill repeals authority for the Export Enhancement Program
(EEP), a direct export subsidy. The Administration requested repeal of EEP because,
it argued, the program had been inactive since 1995 and repealing it would be in line
with the U.S. effort to eliminate all export subsidies in ongoing multilateral trade
negotiations. Additional funding is provided for the Technical Assistance for
Specialty Crops (TASC) program, which focuses on eliminating sanitary and
phytosanitary (food safety) barriers to U.S. agricultural exports.
Finally, the 2008 farm bill includes a provision requiring USDA to establish a
softwood lumber importer declaration program. Importers will report their lumber
imports, allowing data to be collected, verified, and reconciled, to assure
implementation of the U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement. The Senate had
included a sense-of-the-Senate resolution encouraging the President to ensure lumber
imports consistent with that bilateral agreement.
For background information on farm bill trade and food aid programs, see CRS
Report RL33553, Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs; for a discussion of
food aid and the farm bill, see CRS Report RL34145, International Food Aid and the
2008 Farm Bill; for a discussion of export programs and the farm bill, see CRS
Report RL34227, Agricultural Exports and the 2008 Farm Bill.
Title IV: Nutrition
The farm bill’s nutrition title accounts for well over half of all spending on
programs and activities covered by the bill, with the overwhelming majority
financing the Food Stamp program. The most significant issues in (and provisions
of) this title address the administration of, eligibility for, and benefits under the Food
Stamp program, funding for The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP), and
support for a program of making free fresh fruits and vegetables available in schools.
The enacted 2008 farm bill includes provisions that extend expiring authorities
in covered programs (generally, through FY2012) and increase spending for most
programs above what would be expected under prior law (above the “baseline”). The
nutrition title covers the Food Stamp program, TEFAP, the fresh fruit and vegetable
program in schools, the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition program, programs in lieu
of food stamps in Puerto Rico and American Samoa and on Indian reservations, rules
governing procurement of food for school meal programs, and various special
nutrition projects. Under previous law, these programs would cost nearly $40 billion
a year and be expected to grow to almost $50 billion in FY2017.
Total spending on these and other nutrition programs (including amounts offset
by other savings) is boosted by an estimated $3.2 billion (outlays) over 5 years
(FY2008-FY2012) and $10.2 billion over 10 years (FY2008-FY2017).

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. The largest share of the
new spending mandated by the nutrition title results from changes that increase food
stamp benefits and establish new standards to make more households eligible under
the Food Stamp program. The farm bill also renames the existing program as the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Added food stamp spending
is estimated to total $2.3 billion over 5 years and $7.82 billion over 10 years — 73%
and 77%, respectively — of the title’s total new spending. The major food stamp
revisions:
^!boost the minimum amount of income that is disregarded when
benefits are calculated by increasing and then indexing the “standard
deduction,”resulting in a small, but growing, general benefit increase
in addition to regular increases for food-price inflation (around $4
a month in FY2009);
^!increase and then index the minimum monthly benefit guarantee,
setting at it at 8% of the indexed maximum benefit for one person
(raising it from the current $10 to at least $14 in FY2009);
^!disregard all income spent on dependent care when calculating
benefits (removing existing caps on this disregard); and
^!substantially loosen eligibility rules relating to assets by indexing the
dollar limits on allowable liquid assets and disregarding all
retirement savings/plans and education savings.
Other provisions (1) continue inflation-indexed funding for nutrition assistance
grants (in lieu of food stamps) to Puerto Rico and American Samoa, (2) extend the
authority to operate a Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations, (3) simplify
some administrative processes (like reporting requirements), (4) expand the
availability of “transitional” benefits for those leaving public assistance programs,
(5) give the federal government a great deal more flexibility in imposing penalties on
retail food stores that violate food stamp rules, (6) add disqualification penalties for
those selling food bought with food stamp benefits and those using benefits to obtain
cash for container deposits, and (7) require greater federal scrutiny and oversight of
state efforts to “privatize” and expand the use of computers in their administration
of food stamps. The overwhelming majority of food stamp provisions represent
policy changes that were included in both the House and Senate bills (although
budget limits forced changes), or that were non-controversial. However, a number
of significant initiatives were not adopted, generally for policy rather than cost
reasons. These notably included a House proposal to place major limits on state
privatization of food stamp administration, and the Senate’s provisions loosening
eligibility rules for able-bodied adults without dependents and eventually permitting
the use of food stamp benefits to buy dietary supplements.
The Emergency Food Assistance Program. The nutrition title’s second-
largest share of new spending is for TEFAP, with estimated additional outlays of
$526 million over FY2008-FY2012 and $1.26 billion over FY2008-FY2017 (17%
and 12%, respectively, of the title’s total estimated cost). Closely following the
provisions of both the House and Senate bills, this provision in the final law greatly
increases mandatory funding of food purchases for the program to levels well above
the current requirement to acquire $140 million a year. Required commodity buys
are expanded by (1) an immediate infusion of $50 million in FY2008 and (2) raising

annual mandatory purchases to $250 million in FY2009 (indexed annually for food-
price inflation in later years).
Other Programs. Another major initiative in the nutrition title is a dramatic
increase in funding for the fresh fruit and vegetable program in schools. In FY2008,
approximately $20 million is available for this effort. The bill boosts mandatory
outlays by $274 million (FY2008-FY2012) and $1 billion (FY2008-FY2017),
representing some 10% of total new spending.
In addition to the changes in major programs noted above, the 2008 farm bill (1)
includes limited authority for schools in school meal programs to use geographic
preference for locally grown and raised agricultural products when procuring food,
(2) increases mandatory funding for the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition program
(from $15 million a year to $20.6 million a year), (3) continues and expands support
for community food projects, (4) provides money for an initiative to use the
(renamed) Food Stamp program to promote health and nutrition, and (5) authorizes
(and, in some cases, funds) several projects related to food distribution efforts, school
gardens, “hunger-free community” initiatives, provision of whole grain products to
schools, and an urban food enterprise center.
In all but a very few cases (e.g., privatization and dietary supplement
provisions), there were no important policy differences between the House- and
Senate-passed versions of the farm bill. However, the bills diverged greatly in the
amount of new spending they proposed. For example, the FY2008-FY2012
estimated cost (outlays) of the House bill’s nutrition title was $4.2 billion versus the
Senate’s $5.3 billion. The bills also differed in funding priorities. The House
devoted 78% of new funding to new food stamp spending, 14% to extra funding for
TEFAP, and 7% to expanding the fresh fruit and vegetable program. In contrast, the
Senate bill provided 66% of its projected funding to new food stamp spending, along
with 10% for TEFAP and 21% for the fruit and vegetable initiative. The House and
Senate measures further differed in another matter. The House would have made its
policy amendments part of permanent law, producing a 10-year (through FY2017)
cost estimate of $11.5 billion. On the other hand, most of the Senate’s significant
revisions (e.g., increased food stamp benefits) were scheduled to terminate after
FY2012, resulting in a much lower 10-year cost estimate than the House or than
would have been the case with permanent changes (outlays totaling $6.7 billion).
Finally, the House and Senate bills provided for different extensions of expiring
authorities (like the authorization of appropriations for food stamps). The House
extended these authorities through FY2012, while the Senate opted for indefinite
extension in most cases. The final 2008 farm bill deals with funding level issues and
issues of allocation among programs as discussed earlier in this section, makes all
policy changes permanent law (as in the House version), and generally extends
expiring authorities through FY2012 (as in the House version).
For more information, see CRS Report RL33829, Domestic Food Assistance:
The Farm Bill and Other Legislation in the 110^th Congress.

Title V: Credit
Farm bills usually contain provisions that modify the permanent statutes for two
government-related farm lenders. First, the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) is
a federal government lender of last resort that makes direct loans or guarantees loans
made by commercial lenders to farmers who cannot qualify for commercial loans.
Second, the Farm Credit System (FCS) is a private lender with a statutory
requirement, and limitation, to lend to farmers and certain farm-related businesses.
For more information, see CRS Report RS21977, Agricultural Credit: Institutions
and Issues.
Farm Service Agency. The 2008 farm bill (1) further prioritizes and
subsidizes Farm Service Agency lending for beginning and socially disadvantaged
farmers, (2) increases lending limits per individual to $300,000 (up from $200,000)
for each of the direct farm ownership and direct operating loan programs, and (3)
extends and expands the guarantee program for seller-financed land loans. It creates
a conservation loan guarantee program for conservation projects. Regarding “term
limits” on guaranteed operating loans, which require farmers to graduate from FSA
credit to commercial lenders, the enacted 2008 farm bill extends the suspension of
the enforcement of “term limits” until December 31, 2010. It also creates a pilot
program of “individual development accounts” for beginning farmers and ranchers.
The Pigford Decision. The 2008 farm bill adopts a Senate provision that
would permit any claimant in the Pigford decision (a 1999 suit based on past
discrimination against minority farmers applying for USDA loans) who has not
received compensation to petition in civil court to obtain such compensation. The
total amount of payment and debt relief would be limited to $100 million. USDA
would be restricted from beginning a foreclosure if the borrower can show
foreclosure is related to a Pigford claim. A similar provision is also included in the
House-passed bill. See CRS Report RS20430, The Pigford Case: USDA Settlement
of a Discrimination Suit by Black Farmers.
Farm Credit System. In recent years, FCS has sought to expand its lending
authority beyond traditional farm loans and into more rural housing and non-farm
businesses. Commercial banks oppose expanding FCS lending authority, saying that
the availability of commercial credit in rural areas is not constrained, and that FCS’s
government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) status provides an unfair competitive
advantage. The enacted bill, like the House and Senate bills, does not allow any
expansion of Farm Credit System lending authority. It does address technical
changes in the payment of insurance premiums by FCS banks to the FCS Insurance
Corporation, and expands the list of borrowers eligible to own Bank for Cooperatives
voting stock. For more information, see CRS Report RS21977, Agricultural Credit:
Institutions and Issues.

Title VI: Rural Development
More than 88 programs administered by 16 different federal agencies target rural
economic development. The Rural Development Policy Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-355)
named USDA the lead federal agency for rural development. USDA administers
most of the existing rural development programs and has the highest average of
program funds going directly to rural counties (approximately 50%). Three mission
agencies, Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and Rural
Utilities Service, administer the various loan and grant programs. More information
on these programs is in CRS Report RL31837, An Overview of USDA Rural
Development Programs.
The enacted 2008 farm bill reauthorizes and/or amends rural development loan
and grant programs and authorizes several new provisions. The bill adopts the
Senate measure to redefine “rural” with certain modifications, most notably, striking
the housing density criterion; however, it also directs USDA to conduct rulemaking
to develop restrictions on areas where housing density is greater than 200 units per
square mile. The bill does not change current law with respect to rural eligibility for
water and waste water disposal loans and grants and the community facility program.
The bill requires USDA to prepare a report assessing the various definitions of
“rural” and the effect these various definitions have on programs administered by
USDA Rural Development.
Although both the House and Senate farm bills included mandatory funding for
several programs, the enacted 2008 farm bill reduced that spending, while in some
cases adding discretionary authorization. The enacted bill provides $194 million
(FY2008-FY2012) in mandatory spending for rural development programs. This is
a reduction from up to $550 million proposed in the House- and Senate-passed bills.
The bill provides mandatory spending for a one-time funding of backlogged water
and wastewater applications ($120 million); a Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance
program ($13 million in mandatory and $40 million annually in discretionary
spending); and Value-Added Product Grants ($15 million in mandatory spending).
The bill provides no mandatory funding for rural health care facilities or the
construction of child care facilities, although such funds were proposed by the
Senate.
Other provisions authorized in the enacted bill include support for locally
produced agricultural food products²² and grants for assisting employment
opportunities for disabled individuals in rural areas. The enacted bill also establishes
a new Rural Collaborative Investment Program and provides support for several
water and wastewater programs, and adopts the Senate proposed measure to
authorize a new interest rate structure for water and wastewater projects based on an
index of outstanding municipal obligations. The bill also adopts other Senate
provisions that authorize assistance to the Housing Assistance Council and
reauthorize the Rural Business Investment Program, as well as the appropriate
technology transfer to rural areas program (ATTRA). The bill deletes the House

²² A provision in the Senate bill to authorize artisanal cheese centers was deleted in
conference.

measure reauthorizing the Rural Strategic Investment Program, and deletes both
House and Senate proposals providing guaranteed loans and grants to improve rural
health care facilities.
The enacted bill adopted several House and Senate provisions to assist rural
broadband development. The bill reauthorizes the Access to Broadband
Telecommunications Services in Rural Areas and grants to broadcasting systems;
directs the Secretary to develop a comprehensive national broadband strategy for
rural areas; and authorizes a new National Center for Telecommunications
Assessment. The bill also reauthorizes the Distance Learning and Telemedicine
program and includes a provision to make library connectivity a feature of the
program. However, the farm bill deleted various House- and Senate-passed
proposals and grant programs targeting broadband service.
The 2008 farm bill reauthorizes several rural development and grant programs,
including the Rural Economic Area Partnership; the National Rural Development
Partnership; SEARCH grants; and Rural Business Opportunity Grants. The bill also
reauthorizes the Delta Regional Authority and the Northern Great Plains Regional
Authority. In addition to these two reauthorized commissions, the bill creates three
new regional development authorities: the Southeast Crescent Regional Commission,
the Southwest Border Regional Commission, and the Northern Borders Economic
Development Commission (included under the Title XIV, Miscellaneous). The bill
also includes a provision directing USDA to conduct studies on rural transportation
issues and on rural electric power generation.
For more information, see CRS Report RL34126, Rural Development and
Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill.
Title VII: Agricultural Research
Under the mission area called Research, Extension, and Economics (REE), the
USDA is responsible for conducting agricultural research at the federal level, and for
providing partial support for cooperative research, extension, and post-secondary
agricultural education programs in the states. The USDA’s intramural activities are
carried out by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Economic Research Service
(ERS), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and National Agriculture
Library (NAL). The federally funded extramural activities are managed by the
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES). For more
information on these agencies’ activities, see CRS Report RL33327, Agricultural
Research, Education, and Extension: Issues and Background.
The issues confronting Congress concerning federal agricultural research can
be generally categorized under two topics: the structure of the management
organization and the level of research funding, both of which are long-standing
issues. Congress addressed the management issue in the 2002 farm bill by directing
USDA to examine and report on the structure of Agricultural Research Service
(ARS) management and the merits of establishing a National Institute of Food and
Agriculture (possibly modeled after the National Institutes of Health). With respect
to funding, there has long been a struggle under persistent budget constraints to
obtain increased appropriations even sufficient to keep up with inflation. With farm

commodity support as a model, the research community has attempted to obtain a
portion of its money in mandatory funds, with less reliance on discretionary
appropriations.
The USDA task force report, National Institute for Food and Agriculture: A
Proposal, was issued July 2004.²³ The proposal was presented to Congress in
USDA’s 2007 Farm Bill Proposals.²⁴ While the USDA task force was conducting
its review, the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges
(NASULGC) developed a proposal called Create Research, Extension, and Teaching
Excellence for the 21^st Century (CREATE-21).²⁵ CREATE-21 was presented to
Congress as H.R. 2398 and S. 1094.
The research provisions in the individual House and Senate farm bills drew
heavily on the recommendations of the USDA and NASULGC.²⁶
Research Management. The enacted 2008 farm bill represents an amalgam
of the research reorganization provisions in the House and Senate bills. The bill
creates an umbrella coordinating entity known as the Research, Extension, and
Education Office (REEO) in Office of the Under Secretary for Research, Education,
and Economics, and designates the Under Secretary as the Chief Scientist of USDA.
The new REEO will contain six divisions, each with its own director, representing
the broad range of subject areas addressed by agricultural research, extension, and
education programs.
The division directors are expected to work with the National Agricultural
Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board to coordinate all of
the mission area’s activities across the Department, including intramural research
(ARS, ERS, NASS) and extramural research. CSREES, which currently is
responsible for managing extramural research, will be eliminated as an agency and
will become the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). The conferees
intend NIFA to be an independent, scientific, policy-setting agency for the food and
agricultural sciences whose primary role is to administer competitive grants.
The enacted bill ends the National Research Initiative (NRI) and the Initiative
for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS) as distinct competitive grant
programs, and establishes within NIFA an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
(AFRI) to award competitive grants for fundamental and applied research, extension,
and education. The farm bill authorizes annual appropriations of $700 million for
AFRI, representing the combined level of authorized and mandatory funding that the

²³ National Institute for Food and Agriculture: A Proposal, report of the Research,
Education, and Economics Task Force of USDA, July 2004. The report is available at
[ ht t p: / / www.ar s.usda.gov/ Resear c h/ Resear ch.ht m] .
²⁴ A link to the USDA farm bill research proposal is at [http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/
!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1UH?contentidonly=true&contentid=2007_Farm_Bill_T itle7.xml].
²⁵ Available at [http://www.create-21.org/].
²⁶ A more complete examination of the issues and legislative proposal is in CRS Report
RS22693, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension in the 2007 Farm Bill.

NRI and IFAFS were authorized to receive in previous years (appropriators have
prohibited the use of mandatory funds for IFAFS since 2002). The Under Secretary
(chief scientist) is required to submit a unified annual budget covering all activities
of the REEO and NIFA. The budget is to represent the balance of several factors,
including fundamental and applied research, funding for research capacity and
infrastructure, and increased support for Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and
universities, for non-land grant colleges of agriculture, and for the University of the
District of Columbia.
Funding. Apart from mandatory funding of $230 million over five years for
a Specialty Crop Research Initiative, and $78 million in mandatory funding for the
Organic Research and Extension Initiative (included in the Horticulture and Organic
Agriculture title), the 2008 farm bill authorizes annual appropriation of such sums
as necessary for research, extension, and education programs, much the same as in
the previous farm bill. The House bill would have preserved mandatory funding of
$200 million for competitive grants under a merged NRI/IFAFS program for
FY2010-FY2012.
For more information, see CRS Report RL34352, Agricultural Research,
Extension, and Education: Farm Bill Issues.
Title VIII: Forestry
Farm bills typically deal with forestry both directly (usually in a forestry title)
and indirectly (for example, by including forests and forestry practices in more
general conservation programs). For a description of existing programs, see CRS
Report RL31065, Forestry Assistance Programs.
The enacted 2008 farm bill includes a forestry title (Title VIII) with several
sections addressing statewide forest resource planning. One section establishes
“national private forest conservation priorities” as (1) conserving and managing
working forest landscapes for multiple values and uses; (2) protecting forests from
threats and restoring appropriate forest types; and (3) enhancing public benefits from
private forests. Other sections require statewide assessments and strategies for forest
resources (with periodic revision). The bill creates a new Forest Resource
Coordinating Committee, requires the competitive allocation of a portion of state
assistance funding (based on how the statewide assessments and strategies fulfill the
national priorities), and allows up to 5% of state assistance funding for competitively
allocated innovative projects to address the national priorities. The bill also creates
a new community forest and open space conservation grant program for local entities
to protect forests threatened with conversion to non-forest uses, and creates an
Emergency Forest Restoration Program to provide assistance for restoration efforts
for forests damaged by natural disaster.
The 2008 farm bill extends, through 2012, the authorizations for the Office of
International Forestry, the Rural Revitalization Technologies Program, the
Renewable Resources Extension Act, and the Healthy Forest Reserves Program (with
minor changes) under the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-148, 16
U.S.C. Sec. 501, et seq.). The bill also amends existing law to restrict imports of
illegally logged wood. A separate subtitle — Cultural and Heritage Cooperation

Authority — provides for tribal-Forest Service cooperative relations and assistance.
The bill authorizes a competitive grant program to Hispanic-serving institutions to
increase diversity in forestry and related fields, and allows contract modification
options for certain Forest Service timber sales.
The enacted bill includes forestry-related provisions other than in the forestry
title. In Title II (Conservation), numerous programs were modified to include
forestry among approved conservation activities. In Title III (Trade), it requires
USDA to required to establish a softwood lumber importer declaration program, for
import data to be collected, verified, and reconciled to assure implementation of the
U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement. In Title IX (Energy), two programs were
created to use woody biomass for energy production. In Title XV (Tax Provisions),
the agreement authorizes a new type of tax-exempt private bond whose proceeds are
used to finance forest conservation. It also modifies income tax deductions for
qualified timber gains, and includes several provisions to modernize and clarify the
tax treatment of timber real estate investment trusts (REITs).
See also CRS Report RL33917, Forestry in the 2008 Farm Bill.
Title IX: Energy
Interest in renewable energy has grown rapidly since late 2005 due, in large part,
to a strong rise in domestic and international fuel prices and a dramatic acceleration
in domestic biofuel production (mostly ethanol). Many policymakers view
agriculture-based biofuels as both a catalyst for rural economic development and a
response to growing energy import dependence. Renewable energy’s role in the 2002
farm bill was contained in the farm bill’s energy title (Title IX), which concentrated
on grants, loan, and loan guarantees to foster research on agriculture-based renewable
energy, to share development risk, and to promote the adoption of renewable energy
systems. USDA’s Bioenergy Program (Sec. 9006 of P.L. 107-171) — funding for
which expired in FY2006 — had been the primary exception in that it provided
incentives to expand actual production of bioenergy.
The enacted 2008 farm bill expands and extends the provisions in the energy
section of the 2002 farm bill, and provides additional funding. The bill makes
numerous changes to the programs in the energy title. For example, the bill
combines the so-called Section 9006 program with the Energy Audit and Renewable
Energy Development Program under the new Renewable Energy for America
Program. The bill also creates new programs, including a Biomass Crop Assistance
Program to provide financial assistance to producers for growing biomass crops and
developing conversion facilities, and the Agricultural Bioenergy Feedstock and
Energy Efficiency Research and Extension Initiative to provide for competitive
grants to fund projects with a focus on supporting on-farm biomass crop research and
extension. This latter initiative is under the bill’s research title (Title VII) and
includes other bioenergy research programs.
The enacted bill continues programs for federal purchase of biobased products
under the Biobased Markets Program. The bill includes a Senate-proposed provision,
Biorefinery Assistance, which provides grants and loan guarantees for construction
and retrofitting of biorefineries for the production of advanced biofuels. The bill also

provides for grants for constructing demonstration-scale biorefineries, and loan
guarantees for the development and construction of commercial-scale biorefineries
that use technologies that are either pre-commercial or commercially available. The
bill provides for the repowering of existing biorefineries. It incorporates the Biomass
Research and Development Act of 2000 as part of the bill’s energy title and will fund
projects that address the critical need for integrated research and technology
development in the area of biofuels. It continues the Biodiesel Fuel Education
Program with an expanded list of entities targeted. Also, among the miscellaneous
provisions (Title XV), the ethanol production tax credit is lowered from 51 to 46
cents per gallon beginning in the first year following that in which ethanol production
of 7.5 billion gallons is achieved. Finally, the 2008 farm bill establishes the
cellulosic biofuel producer credit of $1.01 per gallon with special provisions for
small cellulosic ethanol producers.
Mandatory spending for the enacted bill’s agriculture-based energy programs
are projected at about $600 million (FY2008-FY2012) and $900 million (FY2008-
FY2017). This reflects a reduction compared to funding levels proposed in the
House- and Senate-passed bills. The House bill had authorized more than $3 billion
in new mandatory funding and more than $1 billion in discretionary funding for
provisions of the energy title; the Senate bill authorized more than $1 billion in new
mandatory funding and more than $2 billion in discretionary funding. Both the
House and the Senate sought to fund these provisions through various revenue and
cost offset provisions in both bills, although in very different ways.
For more information on agriculture and bioenergy, see CRS Report RL34130,
Renewable Energy Policy in the 2008 Farm Bill; CRS Report RL32712, Agriculture-
based Renewable Energy Production; CRS Report RL33290, Fuel Ethanol:
Background and Public Policy Issues; and CRS Report RL33572, Biofuels
Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs.
Many of the federal programs that currently support renewable energy
production in general, and agriculture-based energy production in particular, are
outside the purview of USDA and have legislative origins outside of the farm bill.
For example, the energy act signed into law in December 2007 (P.L. 110-140) covers
a wide range of topics with extensive attention to biofuels. In particular, it includes
a dramatic expansion of the renewable fuels mandate to 36 billion gallons by 2022
with carve-outs for biodiesel (1 billion gallons by 2012), cellulosic ethanol (16
billion gallons by 2022), and corn-starch ethanol (15 billion gallons by 2015).
Legislative proposals focused on renewable energy are summarized in CRS Report
RL33831, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the 110^th
Congress.
Title X: Horticulture and Organic Agriculture
Sales of specialty crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts, account for
nearly one-third of U.S. crop cash receipts and one-fifth of U.S. agricultural exports,
according to USDA. When floriculture, greenhouse, and nursery crop sales are
included, total specialty crops account for nearly 50% of all U.S. farm crop cash
receipts. However, specialty crop producers are not eligible for commodity income
support programs; also, few provisions in the farm bill’s 2002 conservation, trade,

research, and nutrition titles specifically addressed the specialty crop industry. For
more information, see CRS Report RL33520, Specialty Crops: 2008 Farm Bill
Issues.
The enacted 2008 farm bill contains a new Horticulture and Organic Agriculture
title (Title X). Among the key provisions is reauthorization of the specialty crop
block grant program established by the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004
(P.L. 108-465). Under this program, each state receives a grant to support marketing
research and promotion to enhance the competitiveness of specialty crops grown in
the state. The 2004 act authorized appropriations to support the program (it received
$7 million in each of FY2006-FY2008). The enacted 2008 farm bill provides
mandatory funding in the amounts of $10 million for FY2008, $49 million for
FY2009, and $55 million annually in FY2010 through FY2012.
Another key provision affecting specialty crops includes mandatory funding of
$207 million through FY2012 to (1) establish cooperative agreements with state
departments of agriculture for early plant pest detection activities; (2) establish a
threat identification and mitigation program for foreign pests and diseases; and (3)
provide funds and technical assistance to specialty crop producers to develop audit-
based certification systems to lessen the risks of pest emergence and movement. The
2008 farm bill also provides $20 million over four years to establish centers where
the specialty crop industry can obtain pest- and disease-free plant source material,
and authorizes appropriations to establish a Pest and Disease Revolving Loan Fund
to help local governments purchase equipment for the speedy removal of trees that
must be destroyed to stop the spread of a pest or disease infestation.
The enacted bill also contains several provisions to encourage the consumption
of fresh fruits and vegetables. One provides $33 million through FY2012 to expand
the existing Farmers’ Market Promotion Program, with a requirement that 10% of the
funds be used to make it possible for beneficiaries of federal nutrition programs to
use their electronic benefits cards at farmers’ markets. Another provides $5 million
to establish a Healthy Urban Food Enterprise Development Center designed to help
make affordable, nutritious fresh foods more readily available in low-income
communities and neighborhoods. Finally, the bill contains provisions to increase the
amount of fresh fruits and vegetables to be purchased for USDA nutrition programs
(see Title IV, Nutrition programs).
Another major component of Title X of the 2008 farm bill includes provisions
supporting organic agriculture. The bill reauthorizes the National Organic Cost-share
Program²⁷ and provides a one-time transfer of $22 million in FY2008 (available until
expended) to help defray farmers’ costs for obtaining certification under the National
Organic Program; the amount that an individual farmer can receive in cost-share
assistance is raised from $500 to $750. The conference report also includes $5
million in mandatory funding for data collection on organically grown crops,
authorizes the appropriation of an additional $25 million over five years for that
purpose, and requires USDA to spend $3.5 million of the total to collect and

²⁷ In the 2002 farm bill, Congress established this program and provided a one-time transfer
of $5 million in mandatory funds to help transition farmers to organic production.

distribute up-to-date price data for the organic market. Another provision authorizes
increased appropriations to support the administrative work of the National Organic
Program office. Title II (Conservation) contains a provision making producers who
want to convert from conventional to organic farming eligible for cost-share and
technical assistance under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
See also CRS Report RL31595, Organic Agriculture in the United States:
Program and Policy Issues.
Title XI: Livestock
Competition and Marketing. Rapid changes have occurred in recent
decades in the structure and business methods of agriculture in general and of animal
agriculture in particular. Production and marketing have been moving toward fewer
and larger operations (sometimes referred to as consolidation or concentration), and
toward vertical integration, although the pace of these changes has varied widely
across the sectors. Debate has revolved around the impact of such changes on farm
prices, on the traditional system of independent, family-based agriculture, on
consumers, and on global competitiveness. Inherent in these questions is the role
government should play in monitoring and regulating agricultural markets. For more
information see CRS Report RL33958, Animal Agriculture: 2008 Farm Bill Issues.
The enacted 2008 farm bill contains a new title on Livestock (Title XI) that
scales back much of the language in the Senate-passed bill aimed at more closely
regulating livestock and poultry markets. For example, conferees deleted Senate
language that would have prohibited most major packers from owning, feeding, or
controlling livestock except within 14 days of slaughter. Also deleted was a Senate
provision to establish at USDA a new Special Counsel for Agricultural Competition
to investigate and prosecute violations of competition laws. Title XI of the enacted
2008 farm bill changes the Agricultural Fair Practices Act to alter the definitions of
associations and handlers. Not included in the enacted bill were various Senate
provisions intended to strengthen USDA’s oversight and enforcement of the act.
Also not included in the enacted bill were Senate provisions to give USDA stronger
enforcement authorities over live poultry dealers, among other provisions, under the
Packers and Stockyards Act (P&SA), which governs market competition in the meat
packing sectors. In their place, conferees added language requiring an annual report
detailing investigations into possible violations of the P&SA.
Also narrowed was Senate language governing contractual arrangements
between producers and integrators. Under the final farm bill, a poultry or swine
grower — a more limited definition of a contract producer than in the original Senate
bill — has the right to cancel a production contract within 3 business days of
execution, unless a later date is specified in the contract. In lieu of Senate language
limiting the conditions under which a contractor could require a producer to make
additional capital investments, the 2008 farm bill stipulates that the possibility of
such an investment be conspicuously stated in the contract. Several other provisions
retained, in somewhat modified form, in the enacted bill are intended to give
producers additional protections when disputing contract terms.

The enacted bill contains provisions intended to improve electronic reporting
under the Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting program administered by USDA’s
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), and to study the effects of requiring pork
processing plants to report wholesale pork price information.
Country-of-Origin Labeling. The 2002 farm bill (Sec. 10816 of P.L.
107-171) required retailers to provide country-of-origin labeling (COOL) for fresh
produce, red meats, peanuts, and seafood by September 30, 2004. Congress twice
postponed implementation for all but seafood; COOL now must be implemented by
September 30, 2008. Exempted from COOL are COOL-processed versions of these
products, and dining-out establishments. There has been vigorous debate over
whether this new program is desirable and necessary, its purposes, and its likely
impacts on farmers, processors, retailers, and consumers. Opponents of mandatory
COOL prefer a voluntary or market-driven program or at least some relaxation of the
COOL law’s compliance language. Supporters have continued to seek Congress’s
and USDA’s assurance that the mandatory program will be implemented
expeditiously. For a more detailed description of current law, requirements and
issues see CRS Report RS22955, Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods.
The 2008 farm bill implements the mandatory program on its current schedule,
and adds goat meat, chicken (which competes with red meats in the market and
which, unlike red meats, primarily are domestically produced), ginseng, pecans, and
macadamia nuts as covered commodities. However, for red meats, it creates several
new types of label categories that are intended to facilitate and simplify compliance
in specifying the country or countries of the products. For all covered commodities,
the bill also seeks to ease recordkeeping and verification requirements, and lower
noncompliance penalties.
Inspection, Registries, and Grading. The 2008 farm bill includes
provisions covering state-inspected meat and poultry, reportable meat and poultry
registries, and catfish grading and inspection, among other provisions.
Federal law has prohibited state-inspected meat and poultry plants from
shipping their products across state lines, a ban that many states and small plants
have long sought to overturn. Limiting state-inspected products to intrastate
commerce is unfair, many state agencies and state-inspected plants have argued,
because the 27 current state-operated programs by law already must be, and are, “at
least equal” to the federal system. Those who have opposed allowing state-inspected
products in interstate commerce argued that state programs are not required to have,
and do not have, the same level of safety oversight as the federal, or even the foreign,
plants. Both the House and Senate farm bills contained language to enable state-
inspected plants to sell products in interstate commerce, but under divergent policy
approaches.
Conferees adopted the Senate’s version, whereby state-inspected plants with 25
employees or fewer may opt into a new program that subjects them to federal laws
and oversight, for which they may gain the federal mark of inspection and the ability
to ship interstate. They would still be inspected by state employees, but these
employees would be under the supervision of a federal official who will oversee
training, inspection, compliance, and other activities. States would receive at least

60% reimbursement of their costs (compared with 50% under the existing federal-

state program provisions, which also continues). The Senate language was a
compromise package acceptable to both supporters and opponents of the House-
passed language, which among other things could have enabled many plants currently
under federal inspection to apply for state inspection and continue to ship interstate.
Opponents of the House option feared that many would seek to leave the federal
system if they believed they could receive more lenient oversight by the states. (For
background, see CRS Report RL34202, State-Inspected Meat and Poultry: Issues for
Congress.)
Conferees modified a provision in the Senate but not the House bill to require
USDA to establish “reportable food registries” for meat and poultry and their
products, whereby establishments would have to report whenever there is a
probability of such foods causing adverse health consequences. (The FDA
amendments legislation passed in 2007 (P.L. 110-85) establishes a similar registry
for FDA-regulated foods.) The enacted farm bill amends the meat and poultry laws
to require an establishment to promptly notify USDA if it has reason to believe that
an adulterated or misbranded product has entered commerce. Another adopted
provision requires meat and poultry establishments to prepare and maintain written
recall plans.
Conferees modified Senate bill language to provide for two new USDA
initiatives affecting farm-raised domestic catfish: a voluntary grading program
administered through the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), and mandated
safety inspection of such products by Food Safety and Inspection Service (i.e.,
making catfish an amenable species along with the major meat and poultry species).
The House bill lacked this language. The final version provides for catfish grading
as a voluntary fee-based program, with producers of other seafood species eligible
to petition USDA for a similar service. Conferees agreed to extend mandatory
inspection to catfish processors, further authorizing FSIS to take into account the
conditions under which catfish are raised and transported. Although other fish and
shellfish are not covered by the final amendment, conferees noted in their
accompanying report that the Secretary of Agriculture has standing authority to add
species if appropriate.
The conference report states the intent of Congress “that catfish be subject to
continuous inspection and that imported catfish inspection programs be found to be
equivalent under USDA regulations before foreign catfish may be imported into the
United States.” Language in the bill itself instructs the Secretary to define the term
“catfish.” However, the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171, Sec. 10806) had amended the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to limit the acceptable definition to one family
of catfish (“Ictaluridae”), effectively prohibiting the labeling of certain Asian-grown
fish as catfish. So, the scope of the regulatory definition developed by the Secretary
of Agriculture could be of some interest.
Other Provisions. Conferees deleted two provisions in the Senate bill. One
provision would have established a Congressional Bipartisan Food Safety
Commission that would have been required to report, within one year, on
recommendations for modernizing food programs. The provision was intended to be
in response to recent food safety incidents linked to both imported and domestic

foods, which have brought into focus the question of whether there is a need for
changes in federal food safety oversight. At issue is whether the current system has
the statutory authorities, resources, and structural organization to protect consumers
from unsafe food. The second deleted provision would have prohibited FDA from
issuing a final risk assessment or from lifting the voluntary moratorium until
completion of newly mandated studies on the safety and market impacts of
introducing products from cloned animals. The provision was intended to be in
response to FDA’s request issued in late 2008 that companies refrain voluntarily
from marketing meat and milk from cloned animals or their progeny until it can
complete a final assessment of their safety (see CRS Report RL33334, Biotechnology
in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues).
See also CRS Report RL33958, Animal Agriculture: 2008 Farm Bill Issues.
Title XII: Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance Programs
The enacted 2008 farm bill contains a new title covering crop insurance and
disaster assistance programs (Title X). In addition, the enacted bill contains other
provisions authorizing “Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance,” provided
for under the bill’s Title XV (Trade and Tax Provisions).
Crop Insurance Program. The federal crop insurance program is designed
to protect crop producers from unavoidable risks associated with adverse weather,
weather-related plant diseases, and insect infestations. Although the scope of the
crop insurance program has widened significantly over the past 25 years, the
anticipated goal that it would replace ad hoc disaster payments has not been
achieved.
The crop insurance program is permanently authorized and hence does not
require consideration in the farm bill. Some policymakers expressed interest in
expanding the crop insurance program in the context of the farm bill and/or
complementing it with a permanent disaster payment program. However, many
viewed the crop insurance program as a potential target for program cost reductions,
where savings could be used to fund new initiatives in various titles of the farm bill.
The Administration and others contend that the private companies should be required
to absorb more of the program losses, and that the reimbursement rate for their
operating expenses needs to be reduced as a means of reducing federal costs. The
insurance companies and many farm groups are concerned that significant reductions
in federal support will negatively impact the financial health of the crop insurance
industry and possibly jeopardize the delivery of crop insurance, particularly in high-
risk areas.
Like the House- and Senate passed farm bills, the enacted 2008 farm bill
contains several revisions to the crop insurance program, many of which are designed
to reduce program costs. For the enacted crop insurance title, CBO has estimated net
savings of $3.9 billion over five years (FY2008-2012), compared with estimated
savings of $4.0 billion in the House bill and $3.7 billion in the Senate bill.
Approximately $2.8 billion of the estimated savings in the enacted bill (as in the
House and Senate bills) is achieved through changes in the timing of premium
receipts from farmers, and payments to the companies, which has no effect on overall

subsidies to participating farmers or insurance companies. A portion of the five-year
savings is realized by requiring insurance companies and farmers to share more in
program costs. The enacted bill increases the administrative fees paid by farmers for
catastrophic crop insurance coverage (and for participation in the separate noninsured
assistance program) to new levels that are higher than both the House and Senate
bills. The bill also reduces reimbursement rates to private companies for their
administrative and operating expenses by 2.3 percentage points. Conferees did not
include a House provision that would have required the insurance companies to share
more of their underwriting gains with the federal government.
Among its other provisions, the crop insurance title of the 2008 farm bill also
(1) requires USDA to ensure that premiums are established at a level so that total
premiums equal total indemnity payments over time; (2) allows USDA to
periodically renegotiate its standard reinsurance agreement, which contains the
obligations and financial terms of the relationship between the government and the
participating private crop insurance companies; (3) reduces available mandatory
funding for reimbursing private initiatives for the research and development of new
crop insurance products, and revises the manner in which reimbursements are
provided; and (4) provides $36 million in mandatory funding over 10 years for
USDA to enhance its activities to reduce waste, fraud, and abuse within the crop
insurance program.
For more background information on crop insurance, see CRS Report
RL34207, Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance in the 2008 Farm Bill.
Other Disaster Assistance Programs. Title XII includes other disaster
assistance provisions, including the addition of the Small Business Disaster Response
and Loan Improvements Act of 2008 (Subtitle B). This subtitle makes significant
changes to the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) response to disaster. SBA
has responsibility for making disaster loans to individuals and non-agricultural
businesses (15 U.S.C. 636(b)). Hurricane Katrina, and the SBA response, which was
widely viewed as slow and flawed, prompted may suggestions from Members and
others on how to improve the disaster loan system. In general, this act requires SBA
to implement new planning, management oversight, and reporting procedures and
authorizes private lending to supplement the disaster loans that SBA makes directly.
SBA will continue to make six types of disaster loans for damages that were not
covered by insurance:
^!Personal property disaster loans (maximum $40,000) are made to
individuals to replace or repair personal property such as cars and
furniture. Home owners and renters may apply.
^!Real property disaster loans (maximum $200,000) are made to home
owners to repair or replace primary residences.
^!Physical disaster loans (maximum $1.5 million) are made to
businesses and nonprofits, regardless of size, to repair or replace real
property, inventory, machinery, equipment, fixtures, etc. not covered
by insurance.
^!Economic injury disaster loans (maximum $1.5 million) are made to
businesses to provide operating funds following a disaster. The act

makes nonprofits eligible for these economic injury disaster loans
and adds ice storms and blizzards to the list of disasters that can
trigger these loans.
^!Military reservist economic injury disaster loans (maximum $1.5
million) are made to businesses to help them overcome problems
caused by a key employee being called to active military duty.
^!GO Loans (Gulf Opportunity Pilot Loans, maximum $150,000),
which were made to certain small businesses affected by Hurricane
Katrina.
The act provides for SBA-guaranteed private disaster loans to supplement the
current system of direct SBA disaster loans. Lenders in the SBA’s Preferred Lender
Program would be eligible to participate. The SBA would guarantee 85% of loans,
subject to a maximum loan size of $2 million. Following a major disaster, the SBA
can also hire private contractors to assist in processing disaster loan applications.
In the event of a major disaster with extraordinary levels of damage or
disruption (such as Hurricane Katrina), SBA may make economic injury disaster
loans to small businesses affected by the disaster regardless of location, but priority
may be given to small businesses within the disaster area. Usually, only businesses
within a disaster area are eligible.
The enacted farm bill also requires SBA to create an Immediate Disaster
Assistance Program, providing loans to small businesses affected by a disaster with
a maximum amount of $25,000 and an 85% SBA guarantee. SBA may defer
payments on existing disaster loans for up to four years for those taking out new
disaster loans. SBA is also required to assign at least 800 employees to the Office
of Disaster Assistance and 1,000 employees to the Disaster Cadre. In FY2007, the
SBA had 2,300 employees working on disaster loans; the Administration requested

921 employees for these functions for FY2009.

Title XIII: Commodity Futures
Title XIII of the enacted 2008 farm bill includes provisions that reauthorize
appropriations for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) for
FY2008-FY2013. The bill also makes several amendments to the Commodity
Exchange Act to (1) clarify CFTC jurisdiction over retail financial contracts based
on foreign currencies, (2) make the CFTC’s anti-fraud authority applicable to certain
off-exchange or over-the-counter derivatives contracts, (3) increase civil monetary
and criminal penalties for violations, (4) permit cross-margining of accounts in
security futures and options, and (5) establish CFTC regulation over certain
exchange-like trading facilities that are currently exempt from most regulation.
The last section is the most controversial, and deals with an issue — sometimes
referred to as the “Enron loophole” — that Congress has addressed several times
since 2000.²⁸ These provisions of the bill would apply to electronic markets, other

²⁸ For more information, see CRS Report RL34555, Speculation and Energy Prices:
(continued...)

than regulated futures exchanges, where contracts based on energy commodities,
metals, and other non-agricultural and non-financial commodities are traded. Under
current law, such markets (or electronic trading facilities) are required to notify the
CFTC of their operations, but are generally exempt from substantive regulation
provided that small public investors are not permitted to trade there.
Under the enacted bill, if the CFTC determined (according to criteria set forth
in the bill) that such an electronic market played a significant role in the price-setting
process (that is, if market participants looked to prices generated there as a guide to
their own transactions in the underlying commodities), the market would become
subject to a set of regulatory “core principles.” These principles amount to a
regulatory regime roughly comparable to (but somewhat less extensive than) CFTC
regulation of futures exchanges. Markets where “significant price discovery”
contracts are traded will be required to prevent price manipulation, monitor trading,
report daily figures on price and trade volume, guard against conflicts of interest, and
disclose large positions held by individual traders. Failure to comply with these
principles would give the CFTC grounds to suspend or revoke the market’s
registration.
Title XIV: Miscellaneous
The miscellaneous provisions in the 2008 farm bill cover various provisions that
are discussed in other sections of this report, including in the research, energy, and
rural development title sections. Below is a discussion of the first two subtitles,
covering socially disadvantaged and limited resource producers (Subtitle A) and
agricultural security (Subtitle B). The title also includes other miscellaneous
provisions (Subtitle C), some of which are not separately detailed in this report.
Socially Disadvantaged and Limited Resource Producers. Several
provisions in the enacted bill address outreach and assistance for socially
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and limited-resource farmers and ranchers,
producers targeted by Section 2501 of the 1990 farm bill. Both the House- and
Senate-passed farm bills contained this provision. Other farm bill titles in the bill
contain similar provisions for the Section 2501 program, including conservation
(Title II), farm credit (Title V), rural development (Title VI), agricultural research
(Title VII), and crop insurance and disaster assistance (Title XII).
The enacted bill specifies that the Technical and Outreach Assistance Program
is to be used to enhance the coordination, outreach, education, and assistance
authorized under various USDA programs, and provides $75 million in mandatory
funding through FY2012. The bill requires USDA to document the number, location,
and economic contributions of socially disadvantaged and limited-resource farmers
and ranchers. As part of the efforts to address the needs of socially disadvantaged
and limited-resource farmers and ranchers, the bill also authorizes a new USDA
Office of Advocacy and Outreach to carry out the Section 2501 program, and also to
oversee the Minority Farmer Advisory Committee and carry out the functions of the

²⁸ (...continued)
Legislative Responses, and CRS Report RS22912, The Enron Loophole.

Office of Outreach and Diversity previously handled by the Office of Assistant
Secretary for Civil Rights. The bill also authorizes a new Office of Small Farms and
Beginning Farmers and Ranchers, to be subsumed into the Office of Advocacy and
Outreach.
The bill also addresses the so-called Pigford decision regarding the 1999 class
action discrimination suit against USDA. Both the House- and Senate-passed farm
bills contained this provision. The bill provides that Pigford claimants who have not
had their cases determined on the merits may, in a civil action, obtain such a
determination. The enacted bill further specifies steps USDA must take with regard
to settling the claim and provides mandatory funding of $100 million for FY2008 to
pay for successful claims.
Agricultural Security. The 2008 farm bill creates an Office of Homeland
Security within USDA to coordinate the department’s agroterrorism and agricultural
disease efforts and to be a liaison with other federal agencies. It also creates an
agricultural biosecurity communications center, and a competitive grant program for
agricultural biosecurity and countermeasures development.
Regarding foreign animal diseases, the enacted bill adopts the Senate provision
that would compel USDA to issue a permit to Department of Homeland Secutiry
(DHS) to possess and work with live foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus at the
proposed and yet-to-be-built National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, subject to
compliance with USDA rules for handling “select agents.” For more information,
see CRS Report RL34160, The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for
Congress.
Title XV: Trade and Tax Provisions
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance. During the
congressional debate on the omnibus farm bill, some policymakers wanted to make
permanent in the farm bill some level of disaster payments to supplement the crop
insurance program. Consequently, Title XV authorizes a new $3.8 billion trust fund
to cover the estimated cost of making agricultural disaster assistance available on an
ongoing basis over the next four years (FY2008-FY2011) through five new
programs.
The largest of the new farm disaster assistance programs authorized through the
2008 farm bill is a supplemental revenue assistance payment program for crop
producers. The program is designed to compensate eligible producers for a portion
of crop losses that are not eligible for an indemnity payment under the crop insurance
program (i.e., the portion of losses that is part of the deductible on the policy). An
eligible producer can receive a payment equal to 60% of the difference between a
target level of revenue and the actual total farm revenue for the entire farm. The
target level of revenue will be based on the level of crop insurance coverage selected
by the farmer, thus increasing if a farmer opts for higher levels of coverage. To be
eligible for a payment, a producer must be in or contiguous to a county that has been
declared a disaster area by either the President or the Secretary of Agriculture.

Payments are limited so that the disaster program guarantee level cannot exceed 90%
of what income likely would have been in the absence of a natural disaster.²⁹
The producer also must have at least the minimum level of crop insurance
(CAT) coverage for insurable crops and participate in the NAP program for
non-insurable crops. The statute makes an exception for the 2008 crop year by
allowing producers who did not purchase crop insurance or NAP coverage in advance
to be eligible for the program, as long as they pay the equivalent administrative fee
for coverage within 90 days of enactment (September 16, 2008). Final payments for
2008 crop losses cannot be determined until late 2009, since a portion of the disaster
payment formula is based on the national average market price of the commodity,
which is determined at the end of the marketing year. For example, the 2008
marketing year for corn and soybeans ends September 30, 2009.
In addition to the supplemental crop revenue assistance payment program
described above, the 2008 farm bill also authorizes and funds four smaller disaster
programs also through FY2011: (1) Livestock Indemnity Payments, which
compensate ranchers at a rate of 75% of market value for livestock mortality caused
by a disaster; (2) Livestock Forage Disaster Program, to assist ranchers who graze
livestock on drought-affected pastureland or grazing land; (3) Emergency Assistance
for Livestock, Honey Bess and Farm Raised Fish, which will provide up to $50
million to compensate these producers for disaster losses not covered under other
disaster programs; and (4) the Tree Assistance Program, for orchardists and nursery
growers who can receive a payment to cover 70% of the cost of replanting trees or
nursery stock following a disaster (up to $100,000 per year per producer).
For more information on crop insurance and disaster assistance, see CRS Report
RL34207, Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance in the 2008 Farm Bill, and CRS
Report RS21212, Agricultural Disaster Assistance.
Tax Provisions. The tax portions (Title XV) of the 2008 farm bill differ
markedly from those in either the House- or the Senate-passed versions of the bill.
The enacted bill’s tax cuts consist of six groups, respectively containing provisions
for revenue, an agriculture disaster reserve fund, conservation, energy, agriculture,
and other provisions.
The single largest revenue-raising provision in the 2008 farm bill involves a
change in the estimated tax payment of corporations. This provision increases the
estimated tax payments of corporations due in the July through September 2012 by
a factor of 7.75 percentage points, and raises approximately $4.5 billion in revenue
through 2012. Other revenue-raising provisions limit the excess farming losses of
certain taxpayers and modify the incentives related to alcohol fuels.
The single largest revenue-losing provision in the 2008 farm bill pertains to the
agriculture disaster reserve fund, discussed above. Other revenue-losing provisions

²⁹ For a more detailed description of the authorized payment formula, see the full page text
box in CRS Report RL34207, Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance in the 2008 Farm
Bill.

reduce the depreciable life of race horses 2 years or younger (from seven years to two
years), increase the credit for cellulosic biofuel (to $1.01 per gallon less the amount
of small-producer ethanol credit claimed and the alcohol mixture credit claimed for
ethanol), and create a qualified forest conservation bond pilot program.
The enacted farm bill contains tax-related and revenue provisions related to
conservation, energy, and agricultural provisions, among other revenue provisions.
For example, among the conservation provisions, the bill authorizes a new type of
tax-exempt private bond whose proceeds are used to finance $500 million in forest
conservation; it also modifies income tax deductions for qualified timber gains.
The farm bill also includes several provisions which loosen the rules associated
with the tax treatment of timber real estate investment trusts (REITs). For example,
the allowable size of a REIT’s taxable REIT subsidiary was expanded to 25% of
REIT assets; the treatment of mineral royalty income as REIT qualified income; the
reduction in the excise tax safe-harbor holding period from 4 years to 2 years for
timber property sold to a qualified organization exclusively for conservation
purposes.
Although the enacted farm bill contains many of the provisions from the Senate-
passed bill and one of the two tax provisions in the House-passed bill, it does not
include the largest single revenue-raising provision from either bill. The Senate bill
included a provision designed to curtail the use of tax shelters, involving the
codification of the judicial “economic substance” doctrine that has developed in court
cases related to tax shelters.³⁰ In general terms, the doctrine denies the use of tax-
reducing items, such as tax deductions and credits, generated by transactions that do
not result in a meaningful change in the taxpayer’s economic position. The House
bill included a provision designed to curb what is sometimes termed “treaty
shopping” — situations where a foreign firm with a U.S. subsidiary routes payments
from its U.S. subsidiary through a subsidiary in another country so as to take
advantage of tax-treaty benefits. These provisions were not included as part of the
enacted 2008 farm bill.

³⁰ For additional information on the tax provisions of the House and Senate farm bills, see
CRS Report RS22759, Farm Legislation and Taxes in the 110^th Congress.

Major Provisions of the Enacted 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246)
Compared with Previous Law and the House- and Senate-Passed Bills (H.R. 2419)
^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
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^Eas^t^.^[S^{ec. 1001(9)]}
^com^m^o^dⁱ^ty:^w^h^{eat, corn}^{, g}^r^ain^L^oan^com^m^o^dⁱ^ty:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^L^oan^com^m^o^dⁱ^ty:^sa^m^e^a^s^Ho^use^L^oan^com^m^o^dⁱ^ty:^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e
^r^ghum^,^b^a^r^l^e^y^,^o^a^t^s^,^up^l^a^nd^c^o^t^t^o^n,^ex^{cept dif}^f^e^ren^tiates^f^{eed barley}^an^{d m}^a^lt^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^,^ex^cep^{t d}^o^e^{s n}^o^{t d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^tiate^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^,^b^u^{t d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^{tiates g}^r^ad^ed^w^o^o^l
^{tra lon}^g^s^t^{aple cotton}^,^{rice, s}^o^y^b^ean^s^,^b^a^r^l^ey^{; d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^{tiates lo}ⁿ^g^,^m^e^dⁱ^u^m^{, an}^d^t^y^pes^of^barl^ey^;^doesⁿ^o^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e s}^m^al^l^an^{d n}^oⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^{ool. In}^clu^d^es^w^h^eat,

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^r^oⁱ^l^s^e^e^d^s,^w^o^o^l^,^m^o^haⁱ^r^,^ho^ne^y^,^d^r^y^s^h^{ort g}^r^ain^{rice; an}^{d in}^clu^d^es^pean^u^t^s^.^gr^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^dⁱ^r^e^c^t^l^y⁽^a^l^t^h^o^{ugh i}ⁿ^c^l^ud^e^dⁱⁿ^c^o^rⁿ^,^gr^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^a^r^l^e^y^,^o^a^t^s^,^up^l^a^nd
^{tils, an}^d^sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas.^[S^{ec. 1001(10)]}^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^m^e^dⁱ^u^m^g^r^ain^rⁱ^ce)^;^co^ttoⁿ^,^ex^tr^{a lo}ⁿ^g^stap^{le co}^ttoⁿ^,^loⁿ^g
^.^S^.^C^.^7901(8)]^ex^clu^d^es^pean^u^t^s^w^h^ich^{are treated}^g^r^ain^{rice, m}^e^diu^m^g^r^ain^{rice, s}^o^y^b^ean^s^,
^s^e^parately^{; an}^{d in}^clu^d^es^larg^{e ch}^ick^p^eas^.^oth^e^{r oils}^eeds^,^g^r^{aded w}^{ool, n}^oⁿ^g^r^aded
^[S^{ec. 1001(8)]}^w^o^o^l^{, m}^o^h^a^ir^{, h}^oⁿ^e^y^,^d^r^y^p^{eas, len}^tils,
^s^m^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, an}^{d larg}^{e ch}^ick^p^eas^.
^[S^{ec. 1001(8)]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^M^e^dium^g^r^aⁱ^{n rice:}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^es^s^h^{ort g}^r^ain^M^e^dium^g^r^aⁱ^{n rice:}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e
^rice.^[S^{ec. 1001(9)]}^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1001(9)]}
^eed:^s^uⁿ^f^low^e^{r s}^{eed, rapes}^eed,^{Other oils}^eed:^s^uⁿ^f^low^e^{r s}^{eed, rapes}^eed,^{Other oils}^eed:^sam^e^{as Ho}^u^s^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^,^{Other oils}^eed:^A^dopts^Hou^s^{e def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.
^{ola, s}^a^f^f^l^ow^{er, f}^l^ax^s^{eed, m}^u^s^t^{ard s}^eed,^can^{ola, s}^a^f^f^l^ow^{er, f}^l^ax^s^{eed, m}^u^s^t^{ard s}^eed,^ex^{cept adds}^cam^elin^a.^[S^{ec. 1001(10)]}^[S^{ec. 1001(10)]}
^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^{ted by}^th^{e Secretary}^,^an^oth^e^r^cram^{be, s}^e^s^a^m^e^s^{eed, or, i}^f^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^t^e^{d by}
^{eed. C}^r^am^{be an}^{d s}^e^s^a^m^e^s^{eed w}^e^re^th^{e Secretary}^,^an^oth^e^{r oils}^eed.^[Sec.
^P.L^.^108-^{7, D}ⁱ^vⁱ^sⁱ^on^A^,^S^ec.^1001(11)]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7901(9)]
^g/w^{ent acres}^:^85%^of^t^h^{e bas}^e^acres^Paym^{ent acres}^:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^Paym^{ent acres}^:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^Paym^{ent acres}^:^G^eⁿ^e^ral^l^y^{, 85%}^of^bas^e
^s^.or^r^th^{e co}^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^ity^oⁿ^w^h^ich^1001(12)]^1001(11)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^acres^f^o^{r th}^{e cov}^e^{red com}^m^odity^f^o^r
^le^ak^m^en^ts^an^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^[S^{ec. 1301(5)]}^{direct an}^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^.
^://wiki^m^en^ts^{are m}^a^de.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7901(10)]^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^Ex^ceptⁱ^oⁿ^:^83.3%^of^bas^e^acres^f^o^{r di}^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^on^l^y^f^o^{r crop y}^ears^2009-^2011.
^h^ttp^[S^{ec. 1001(11)]}^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r
^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1301(5)]}
^en^{t yi}^el^d^:ⁱⁿ^g^eⁿ^e^r^a^{l, th}^{e y}ⁱ^eld^Paym^en^{t yi}^el^d^:^th^{e y}ⁱ^eld^estab^lish^e^d^f^o^r^Paym^en^{t yi}^el^d^:^s^a^m^e^as^Hou^s^e^Paym^en^{t yi}^el^d^:^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e
^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^{d u}ⁿ^d^{er S}^{ec. 1102 f}^o^{r a cov}^e^red^{direct pay}^m^en^ts^an^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^,^ex^cep^{t d}^o^e^{s n}^o^{t in}^clu^d^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^,^an^dⁱⁿ^clu^d^{es y}ⁱ^eld^s^estab^lish^e^d
^m^odi^t^y^{. “}^U^pdat^e^{d pay}^m^en^t^yⁱ^el^d”^pay^m^en^ts^f^o^{r a f}^a^rm^f^o^{r a cov}^e^red^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1001(12)]}^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^{r n}^e^w^com^m^oditiesⁱⁿ^{Sec. 1102.}^[Sec.
^s^th^{e y}ⁱ^{eld es}^tablis^h^e^{d to calcu}^late^com^m^odi^t^y^an^{d pean}^u^t^s^uⁿ^d^{er t}^h^{e 2002}^fo^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1301(6)]}^1001(12)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.
ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^f^a^r^m^b^{ill as in}^ef^f^{ect o}ⁿ^th^{e d}^a^y^b^e^f^o^r^e^[S^{ec. 1301(6)]}
^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^[7^th^{e date of}^th^{e en}^actm^eⁿ^t^of^th^is^act.
^S^.^C^.^7951(7)]^[S^{ec. 1001(13)]}
^ge^ne^r^a^l^l^y^,^aⁿ^o^w^ne^r^,^o^p^e^r^a^t^o^r^,^Producer:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^Producer:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^Producer:^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.
^d^l^o^{rd, t}^eⁿ^aⁿ^t^{, or s}^h^{arecropper t}^h^at^1001(14)]^1001(13)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^[S^{ec. 1001(13)]}^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r
^aresⁱⁿ^th^{e ris}^k^of^produ^cin^g^{a crop an}^d^[S^{ec. 1001(7)]}^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1301(7)]}

^titled^to^sh^ar^{e in}^th^{e cr}^o^p^av^ailab^l^e
^r^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng fr}^o^m^t^h^e^fa^r^m^,^o^r^w^o^ul^d
^v^e^s^h^{ared h}^a^{d th}^{e crop been}^produ^ced.
^r^ow^{er of}^h^y^{brid s}^{eed, th}^e

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^is^ten^{ce of}^{a h}^y^{brid s}^{eed con}^t^{ract an}^d
^e^r^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^r^u^{les sh}^{all n}^o^{t ad}^v^e^r^s^ely
^{ect th}^{e ab}^ility^to^receiv^e^{a p}^a^y^m^en^t.^[7
^S^.^C^.^7901(12)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r
^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7951(8)]
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^Puls^{e crop:}^d^r^y^p^{eas, len}^{tils, sm}^all^Puls^{e crop:}^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.
^ch^ick^p^eas^{, an}^{d larg}^{e ch}^ick^p^eas^.^[Sec.^[S^{ec. 1001(14)]}
^1001(14)]
^th^{e Secretary}^of^A^g^ricu^ltu^re.^Secretary:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.
^.^S^.^C^.^7901(13)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^1001(15)]
^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7951(9)]
^a^t^e:^each^of^th^{e U.S. States}^{, th}^{e Dis}^t^rict^St^a^t^e:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1001(16)]}^St^a^t^e:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1001(15)]}^St^a^t^e:^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.^[Sec.
^Co^lu^m^b^{ia, th}^{e Co}^m^m^oⁿ^w^ealth^o^f^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^[Sec.^1001(15)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^er^to^Rico^{, o}^r^{U.S. ter}^r^ito^r^y^/p^o^ssessioⁿ^.^.^S^.^C^.^7901(14)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^1301(8)]^[S^{ec. 1301(8)]}
^g/w^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7951(10)]
^s^.or
^le^ak^{rget price:}^th^{e p}^r^{ice p}^e^r^uⁿ^{it o}^f^a^T^a^{rget price:}^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^T^a^{rget price:}^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^T^a^{rget price:}^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.
^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^ity^u^s^ed^to^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^e^1001(17)]^1001(16)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^[S^{ec. 1001(16)]}^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r
^://wiki^m^en^{t rate f}^o^{r cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^[S^{ec. 1301(9)]}^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1301(9)]}
^h^ttp^m^en^t^s^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7901(15)]^Sam^e
^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^:^w^h^en^u^s^{ed in}^a^{United States}^:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^{United States}^:^sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[Sec.^{United States}^:^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.
^og^raph^{ical s}^eⁿ^s^{e, all of}^th^{e States}^.^[7^1001(18)]^1001(17)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^[S^{ec. 1001(17)]}^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r
^S^.^C^.^7901(16)]^Sam^e^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^f^o^r^[S^{ec. 1301(10)]}^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1301(10)]}
^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7951(12)]
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^{United States}^Prem^ium^Factor:^th^e^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^{United States}^Prem^ium^Factor:^A^dopt^s
^p^e^r^cen^tag^e^b^y^w^h^ich^th^{e d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^{ce in}^th^e^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1001(18)]}

^{U.S. lo}^an^sch^e^d^u^{le p}^r^em^iu^m^s^f^o^r^Strⁱ^ct
^Mi^ddlⁱⁿ^g^(S^{M) 1 1/}^8-ⁱⁿ^ch^cot^t^oⁿ^an^{d f}^o^r
^{M 1 3/32-}ⁱⁿ^ch^ex^ceeds^th^{e dif}^f^e^ren^{ce in}
^th^{e applicable prem}^iu^m^s^f^o^{r com}^p^arable
ⁱⁿ^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l q}^u^{alities d}^e^liv^er^ed^{C/F Far}
^Eas^t^.^[S^{ec. 1001(19)]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^s^e^Acres^{and Program}^Yields
^s^e^acres^:^f^o^{r each}^cov^e^{red com}^m^odity^B^a^s^e^acres^:ⁿ^o^ch^oi^{ce of}^u^pdatⁱⁿ^g^bas^e^B^a^s^e^acres^:^sam^e^{as Ho}^u^s^{e b}^{ill, ex}^cep^t^B^a^s^e^acres^:^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^{a f}^a^rm^{, bas}^e^acres^{are es}^tablis^h^e^{d by}^acres^{or pay}^m^en^{t y}ⁱ^elds^{, ex}^{cept requ}^ires^prov^ides^f^o^{r adj}^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^{to in}^clu^d^{e pu}^ls^e^[S^{ec. 1101(a)-(c)(1)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r
ⁿ^e^r’^s^ch^{oice of}^{(1) av}^erag^{e of}^USDA^{to prov}^{ide bas}^e^{acre adj}^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^crops^{, cam}^elin^{a, or n}^e^w^l^y^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^ted^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1302(a)-(c)(1)]}
^{2001 pl}^an^tⁱⁿ^g^s^{, or (2) t}^h^{e s}^u^m^of^w^h^en^{a C}^R^P^con^t^{ract en}^ds^.^[S^{ec. 1101]}^oils^{eed acreag}^e.^[S^{ec. 1101(a)-(c)(1)]}
^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^f^l^ex^ib^ility^coⁿ^t^r^{act acr}^eag^e^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^d^{er 1996 f}^a^rm^{bill plu}^s^av^erag^{e oils}^eed^{1302(a)-(c)(1)]}
^{e f}^r^om^1998-^2001.
^m^odation^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^acres^{, dou}^ble
ⁿ^g^,^an^{d C}^R^P^acres^{. Bas}^e^canⁿ^o^t
^{ceed total crop lan}^d^.^Paym^{ent acres}⁼
^of^bas^e^acres^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7911]
^s^e^acres^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^als^o^bas^e^{d on}^th^e
^{2001 peri}^od.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7952]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{Required reduction of bas}^e^acres^:^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^g/w^s^u^s^p^en^{d direct, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical, an}^d^av^erag^{e crop rev}^eⁿ^u^e^pay^m^en^ts^an^d^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^.^Red^u^ctioⁿⁱⁿ^b^a^{se acr}^{es is}^requⁱ^r^{ed f}^o^{r l}^aⁿ^d^t^h^atⁱ^s^“^s^u^bdi^vⁱ^{ded an}^d
^s^.or^redu^{ce bas}^e^acres^f^o^{r lan}^d^th^{at is}ⁿ^o^d^e^v^e^lo^p^e^d^f^o^r^m^u^ltip^{le r}^e^sid^eⁿ^{tial u}ⁿ^its
^le^ak^l^o^nge^r^use^d^fo^r^fa^r^mⁱ^ng.^Sp^e^cⁱ^fi^c^a^l^l^y^,^o^r^o^t^he^r^no^nfa^r^mⁱ^{ng use}^s^”^unl^e^{ss t}^h^e
^://wiki^l^aⁿ^d^t^h^at^h^a^s^been^dev^e^l^{oped f}^o^r^“^c^om^m^e^rci^a^l^{or i}ⁿ^du^s^t^ri^al^u^s^{e or h}^a^s^been^produ^cers^“^d^em^on^s^t^{rate th}^{at th}^{e lan}^d^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^{s d}^e^v^o^ted^to^co^m^m^e^r^c^ial
^h^ttp^su^b^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^e^d^an^d^d^e^v^e^lo^p^e^d^f^o^r^m^u^ltip^le^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^p^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^o^r^{is lik}^ely^to^b^e
^r^e^si^d^e^ntⁱ^a^l^uni^t^s^o^r^o^t^he^r^no^nfa^r^mⁱ^ng^retu^rn^{ed to ag}^ricu^ltu^{ral u}^s^e.”^[Sec.
^u^s^es^{” u}ⁿ^l^es^s^produ^{cer dem}^oⁿ^s^trates^th^e^1101(c)(2)]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.
^lan^d^{is d}^e^v^o^ted^ex^clu^s^iv^ely^to^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^l^[S^{ec. 1302(c)(2)]}
^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1101(c)(2)]}^Sam^e
^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1302(c)(2)]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^tr^ack^r^ecoⁿ^s^titu^tioⁿ^s^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[Sec.
^o^f^lan^d^an^d^r^e^p^o^r^{t to}^Coⁿ^g^r^{ess to}^en^su^r^e^1101(c)(3)]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.
^th^{at co}^m^m^e^r^c^{ial o}^r^r^e^sid^eⁿ^{tial lan}^d^{is n}^o^t^[S^{ec. 1302(c)(3)]}
^elig^ib^{le f}^o^r^p^a^y^m^en^ts.^[S^{ec. 1101(c)(3)]}
^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^1302(c)(3)]
^{ent yield:}^f^o^{r each}^cov^e^red^No^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^to^ch^an^g^e^p^a^y^m^en^{t y}ⁱ^eld^;^Paym^en^{t yi}^el^d^s^:^Estab^lish^e^s^p^aym^en^t^Paym^en^{t yi}^el^d^s^:^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e
^m^odity^on^{a f}^a^rm^{, a direct pay}^m^en^t^pay^m^en^{t y}ⁱ^elds^{are con}^tin^u^e^{d f}^r^om^prior^yi^el^d^s^f^o^{r des}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^{ted oils}^eeds^,^cam^elin^a,^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1102]}

^{d i}^s^t^h^{e y}ⁱ^el^{d es}^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^{d f}^o^{r t}^h^{e 1995}^law^b^y^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^{or pu}^l^s^{e crops}^u^sⁱⁿ^g^1998-^{2001 f}^a^rm
^{e y}ⁱ^{eld f}^o^{r oils}^eeds^is^th^{e av}^erag^e^yⁱ^elds^{, adj}^u^s^t^{ed back}^{to th}^{e n}^a^tion^a^l

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^1998-^{2001, adj}^u^s^t^{ed back}^t^o^t^h^e^av^erag^{e f}^r^om^1981-^85.^[S^{ec. 1102]}
^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^av^erag^{e f}^r^om^1981-^85.
^{ent yield}^ma^{y b}^e
^u^{pdated y}ⁱ^{eld u}^sⁱⁿ^g^s^p^ecifⁱ^ed
^r^m^ul^a^s^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7912]^P^a^y^m^en^t
^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^{are es}^tablis^h^e^{d u}^sⁱⁿ^g
^{2001 peri}^od.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7952]
^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^pportⁱ^oⁿ^bas^e^acres^f^o^{r l}^oⁿ^g^g^r^aiⁿ^an^d^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1108]}
^m^e^diu^m^g^r^ain^{rice bas}^e^{d on}^av^erag^e
^acreag^{e plan}^{ted to each}^ty^{pe of}^{rice in}^th^e
^applⁱ^cabl^e^s^t^at^{e du}^riⁿ^g^t^h^{e 2003-}²⁰⁰⁶
^{crop y}^ears^{to m}^a^k^e^couⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical
^pay^m^en^ts^{. P}^r^odu^cers^m^a^y^{elect to u}^s^e
^f^a^r^m^-^l^ev^{el p}^l^an^tin^g^hⁱ^sto^r^y^.^Estab^lish^e^d
^totals^of^bas^e^acres^{, pay}^m^en^{t acres}^{, an}^d
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^yⁱ^elds^{are m}^aⁱⁿ^tain^ed.^[S^{ec. 1107]}
^g/w^h^ibit^io^{n o}ⁿ^Sm^a^{ll Pa}^y^m^ent^s
^s^.or
^le^ak^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^N^o^p^aym^en^ts^uⁿ^d^{er $25:}^no^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{No dir}^{ect, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical, or av}^erag^e
^://wiki^w^{ill b}^e^m^a^d^e^if^th^{e to}^{tal d}ⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^t^{to a produ}^{cer on}^{a f}^a^rm^f^o^{r all cov}^e^red^cr^o^p^r^e^v^eⁿ^u^e^electioⁿ^p^a^y^m^en^{ts w}^{ill b}^e^m^a^d^e^oⁿ^f^a^r^m^{s w}^ith^{less th}^an^{a to}^{tal o}^f¹⁰
^h^ttp^com^m^odities^is^les^s^th^an^$25.^[Sec.^bas^e^s^acres^{, ex}^{cept f}^o^{r lim}^{ited res}^o^u^r^ce
^1102(e)]^Sam^e^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^{is m}^a^d^e^f^o^r^{or s}^o^ci^al^l^y^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d f}^a^rm^s^.
^couⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^[S^{ec. 1102(e)]}^,^R^e^quⁱ^r^es^U^S^D^A^t^o^report^on^t^h^{e ef}^f^ect^of
^an^{d rev}^eⁿ^u^e^-^b^as^{ed cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^th^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1101(d)]}^Sam^e
^pay^m^en^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1104(i}⁾^]^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1302(d)]}
^Re^p^o^r^t^l^a^ngua^geⁱⁿ^st^r^u^c^t^{s U}^S^D^A^t^o^a^l^l^o^w
^f^o^{r ag}^g^r^eg^ation^of^f^a^rm^s^w^h^en
^im^plem^en^tin^g^th^{e 10-}^{acre requ}^irem^en^t.
^ent
^ib^ility^f^o^r^p^a^y^m^en^{ts r}^e^q^u^ir^es^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1105(a)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^ex^cep^{t ad}^d^s^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^ex^cept^adds^a
^o^d^u^cer^{s to}^co^m^p^ly^w^ith^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^,^th^{at lan}^d^canⁿ^o^{t b}^e^u^s^ed^f^o^r^{a r}^e^sid^eⁿ^tial^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^th^{at lan}^d^canⁿ^o^{t b}^e^u^s^ed^f^o^r^a
^tlan^d^{, an}^d^p^l^an^tin^g^f^l^ex^ib^ility^use⁽ⁱ^nc^l^u^dⁱ^{ng l}^a^nd^sub^dⁱ^vi^d^e^d^aⁿ^d^r^e^sid^eⁿ^{tial u}^s^{e, an}^d^r^e^q^u^ir^{es f}^a^r^m^er^{s in}
^irem^en^ts^{; u}^s^{e bas}^e^acres^f^o^r^d^e^v^e^lo^p^e^dⁱⁿ^to^r^e^sid^eⁿ^{tial u}ⁿ^{its o}^r^o^t^h^e^r^t^h^{e A}^C^R^E^prog^ram^t^o^report^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.
^ricu^ltu^{ral or con}^s^ervⁱⁿ^g^u^s^{e, an}^{d n}^o^t^no^nfa^r^mⁱ^{ng use}^s^,^o^r^t^h^a^tⁱ^s^o^t^he^r^wⁱ^s^e^no^[S^{ec. 1106(a)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r
^rⁿ^oⁿ^a^g^r^icu^ltu^r^a^{l co}^m^m^e^r^c^{ial o}^r^loⁿ^g^e^rⁱⁿ^ten^d^ed^to^b^e^u^s^edⁱⁿ^coⁿ^j^uⁿ^c^tioⁿ^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1305(a)]}

^s^t^{rial u}^s^{e; con}^t^{rol n}^o^xⁱ^ou^s^w^eeds^an^d^wⁱ^t^h^f^a^rmⁱⁿ^g^(lⁱ^k^{e S}^{ec. 1101(c)(2)).}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
ⁱⁿ^tain^so^uⁿ^d^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l p}^r^actices.^[7^[S^{ec. 1105(a)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r
^S^.^C^.^7915(a)]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1305(a)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ
^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7955(a)]^f^o^{r A}^v^erag^{e C}^r^{op R}^e^v^eⁿ^u^e^(A^C^R⁾
^prog^ram^,^ex^cept^doesⁿ^o^t^requⁱ^r^e
^co^m^p^lian^{ce w}^ith^p^l^an^tin^g^f^l^ex^ib^ility
^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^sin^{ce A}^C^{R h}^a^{s its o}^wⁿ
^p^l^an^tin^g^f^l^ex^ib^ility^r^u^{les. Req}^u^ir^{es USDA}
^to^certif^y^en^{tities receiv}ⁱⁿ^g^p^a^y^m^en^{ts are}
^produ^cers^.^[S^{ec. 1402(a)]}
^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts f}^o^r^tr^an^sf^er^o^fⁱⁿ^ter^e^st^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1105(b)-(e)]}^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept adds}^th^{at n}^o^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^an^{d appl}ⁱ^e^s^t^o
^e^acres^{. R}^e^qu^ires^acreag^{e reports}^.^pen^a^lty^s^h^{all be as}^s^e^s^s^e^{d f}^o^{r in}^accu^rate^A^C^R^E^prog^ram^.^[S^{ec. 1106(b)-(e)]}^Sam^e
^o^t^e^c^t^{s inte}^r^e^{sts o}^f^te^na^{nts a}ⁿ^d^acreag^{e report u}ⁿ^l^es^s^produ^cers^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1305(b)-(e)]}
^arecroppers^an^{d prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r s}^h^ariⁿ^g^of^kⁿ^o^wⁱⁿ^g^l^y^an^d^w^illf^u^lly^f^a^lsif^ied^th^e
^m^en^ts^on^{a f}^a^rm^on^an^equ^itable^report^.^[S^{ec. 1105(b)-(e)]}^Sam^e
^sis.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^7915(b)-(e)]^Sam^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1305(b)-(e)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7955(b)-^Sam^e^prov^is^ion^f^o^{r A}^v^erag^{e C}^r^op
^g/w^Re^ve^nue^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^[S^{ec. 1402(b)-(e)]}
^s^.orⁿ^tⁱ^ng^Flex^ibilit^y
^le^ak
^://wiki^y^{crop m}^a^y^{be pl}^an^t^e^{d on}^bas^e^acres^,^{cept res}^t^riction^s^{are placed on}^plan^tin^g^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^an^{d in}^corporates^pean^u^t^s^as^{a cov}^e^{red com}^m^odity^.^[Sec.^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^b^u^{t th}^{e ex}^cep^tioⁿ^a^l^l^o^w^s^p^l^aⁿ^tⁱ^{ng m}^{ung b}^e^aⁿ^{s a}ⁿ^d^p^u^l^s^e^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1107(a)-}^(c)]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^h^ttp^f^r^u^{its, v}^e^g^e^tab^l^{es, an}^d^w^ild^rⁱ^{ce o}ⁿ^1106(a)-(c)]^crops^.^[S^{ec. 1106(a)-(c)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^1306]
^{se acr}^{es. P}^eⁿ^a^{lties ap}^p^l^y^if^th^{e f}^r^uⁱ^t^fo^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1306(a)-(c)]}^Sam^e
^{d v}^e^g^e^{table res}^t^riction^is^vⁱ^olated.^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r A}^v^erag^{e C}^r^{op R}^e^v^eⁿ^u^e
^o^v^id^{es an}^ex^cep^tioⁿ^f^o^r^len^{tils, m}^uⁿ^g^prog^ram^.^[S^{ec. 1403(a)-c)]}
^s^,^an^{d dry}^peas^{. Ex}^ception^s
ⁱ^d^{ed f}^o^{r f}^a^rm^s^an^{d produ}^cers^wⁱ^t^h^a
^t^ory^of^dou^bl^e-^croppiⁿ^g^{or h}ⁱ^s^t^ory^of
^o^wⁱ^{ng fr}^ui^t^s^aⁿ^d^ve^ge^t^a^b^l^e^s⁽^e^xc^e^p^t
^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts
^{ced acre f}^o^{r acre f}^o^{r th}^{e y}^ear).
^.^S^.^C^.^7916]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r
^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7956]
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^e^{s a p}^ilo^{t Far}^m^Flex^p^r^o^j^{ect f}^o^r^Sam^e^{as Ho}^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^f^o^r^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^l^Cr^e^a^t^e^s^a^pⁱ^l^o^t^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng i}ⁿ
^p^l^aⁿ^tⁱ^{ng t}^o^m^a^t^o^e^s^fo^r^p^r^o^c^e^ssi^{ng o}ⁿ^up^t^o^{direct an}^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical prog}^ram^{2009 i}ⁿ^s^e^v^eⁿ^mⁱ^dw^es^t^e^rn^s^t^at^es^t^o^al^l^o^w
^{10,000 bas}^e^acresⁱⁿ^In^di^an^{a du}^riⁿ^g^t^h^e^partⁱ^cⁱ^p^an^t^s^{, ex}^cept^applⁱ^e^s^on^l^y^t^o²⁰⁰⁸^p^l^aⁿ^tⁱ^{ng o}^f^fr^ui^t^s^aⁿ^d^ve^ge^t^a^b^l^e^s^fo^r
^2008-^{2012 crop y}^ears^.^Bas^e^acres^an^{d 2009 crop y}^ears^.^[S^{ec. 1106(d)]}^proces^sⁱⁿ^g^on^bas^e^acres^{. L}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d t}^o
^tem^porarily^redu^{ced f}^o^{r each}^{acre of}^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^bas^e^cu^cu^m^b^ers^,^g^r^een^peas^{, lim}^{a bean}^s^,

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^tom^a^toes^{, an}^{d are protected f}^o^{r f}^u^tu^re^acresⁱⁿ^S^{ec. 1306.}^pu^m^p^kⁱⁿ^s^{, s}ⁿ^{ap bean}^s^,^s^w^{eet corn}^{, an}^d
^use^.^[S^{ec. 1106(d)]}^tom^a^toes^g^r^owⁿ^f^o^{r proces}^sⁱⁿ^g^.^States
^Fo^r^p^a^r^ticip^an^{ts in}^th^{e A}^{CR p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^,ⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e Mi}ⁿⁿ^e^s^o^t^a^{(34,000 acres}^),
^estab^lish^e^{s p}^ilo^{t Far}^m^Flex^p^r^o^j^{ect f}^o^r^Wi^s^c^on^sⁱⁿ^{(9,000 acres}^{), Mi}^chⁱ^g^an
^p^l^aⁿ^tⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^y^fr^ui^t^o^r^ve^ge^t^a^b^l^e^fo^r^{(9,000 acres}^{), Illin}^ois^{(9,000 acres}^),
^proces^sⁱⁿ^g^on^u^p^t^o^{10,000 acres}ⁱⁿ^In^di^an^{a (9,000 acres}^{), O}^hⁱ^o^{(4,000 acres}^),
^certain^s^t^ates^(IL^{, IN, IA}^{, MI, MN, OH,}^an^{d Iow}^a^{(1,000 acres}^{). Bas}^e^acres^are
^{WI). A}^v^ai^l^a^bl^{e f}^o^{r t}^h^{e 2010-}^{2012 crop}^tem^porarily^redu^{ced f}^o^{r th}^{e y}^{ear, bu}^{t are}
^y^ears^.^B^a^s^e^acres^tem^porarily^redu^ced^res^t^{ored f}^o^{r th}^{e n}^e^x^t^{crop y}^{ear an}^d
^f^o^{r each}^{acre of}^f^r^u^{it an}^{d v}^e^g^e^tables^{, an}^d^“^c^on^sⁱ^{dered pl}^an^t^e^{d” f}^o^{r an}^y^f^u^t^u^{re bas}^e
^{protected f}^o^{r f}^u^tu^{re u}^s^e.^[S^{ec. 1403(d)]}^calcu^lation^s^.^[S^{ec. 1107(d)]}
^ents
^ents^:^av^{ailable to produ}^cers^{Direct paym}^ents^:^coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s p}^r^io^r^law^to^{Direct paym}^ents^:^coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s p}^r^io^r^law^to^{Direct paym}^ents^:^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s p}^r^io^r^law^to
^f^a^rm^s^wⁱ^t^h^pay^m^en^t^yⁱ^el^ds^an^{d bas}^e^cov^e^{r 2008-}^{2012 crop y}^ears^.^[Sec.^cov^e^{r 2008-}^{2012 crop y}^ears^.^Ex^cl^u^d^es^cov^e^{r 2008-}^{2012 crop y}^ears^.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{. C}^o^v^e^rs^2002-^{2007 crop y}^ears^.^[7^1102(a)]^p^a^r^ticip^an^{ts in}^th^{e A}^{CR p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^uⁿ^d^er^[S^ec.1103(a)]^{Direct pay}^m^en^{t f}^o^{r pean}^u^t^s
^g/w^S^.^C^.^7913(a)]^{Direct pay}^m^en^ts^f^o^r^u^t^s^au^th^{orized s}^e^parately^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^S^{ec. 1401.}^[S^{ec. 1103(a)]}^Direct^pay^m^en^ts^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^au^th^orized^coⁿ^tin^u^e^d^sep^a^r^a^tely^[S^{ec. 1303(a)]}
^s^.or^sep^a^r^a^tely^.^[S^{ec. 1303(a)]}
^le^ak
^://wiki^{ent rates}^:^eat^{, bu}^s^h^el^(bu^.^{), $0.52}^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^;ⁱⁿ^corporates^pean^u^t^sⁱⁿ^to^sam^e^sectioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1102(b)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^ex^cep^{t d}ⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^tiates^betw^een^lon^g^g^r^ain^{rice an}^{d m}^e^diu^m^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1103(b)]}^S^e^parat^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^h^ttp^rn^{, bu}^{., $0.28}^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce (bot}^h^at^{$2.35 per cw}^t^.^).^[Sec.^1303(b)]
^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$⁰^.³⁵^1103(b)]^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$36^[Sec.
^ey^{, bu}^{., $0.24}^1303(b)]
^t^s^{, bu}^{., $0.024}
^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.0667}
^{ce, cw}^{t., $2.35}
^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $0.44}
^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^l^b^{., $0.0080}
^.^S^.^C^.^7913(b)]
^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$36^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7953(b)]
^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t⁼^P^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te, tim}^es^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1102(c)]}^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1103(c)]}^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept a ratio of}
^bas^e^acres^{, tim}^es^{direct pay}^m^en^t^S^e^parat^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^[Sec.^83.3%^of^bas^e^acresⁱ^s^u^s^{ed f}^o^{r crop}
^l^d^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7913(c)]^Sam^e^f^o^rm^u^l^a^1303(c)]^y^ears^2009-^2011.^[S^{ec. 1103(c)]}^Sep^a^r^a^te
^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7953(d)]^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1303(c)]}
ⁱ^ng^:^Gen^e^r^a^lly^p^a^id^af^ter^Octo^b^e^r¹^Timⁱ^ng^:^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept (1)}^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1103(d)]}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1103(d)]}
^th^{e calen}^{dar y}^{ear of}^th^{e y}^{ear of}^ap^p^{lies to}^p^ean^u^t^{s in}^th^{e sam}^e^sectioⁿ^,^S^e^parat^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^[Sec.^S^e^parat^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^[Sec.

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^rv^es^{t. A}^d^v^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^u^p^{to 50%}^an^{d (2) th}^{e 22% adv}^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^{t option}^1303(d)]^1303(d)]
^{er redu}^{ced t}^o^22%^by^P.L^.^109-¹⁷¹⁾^applⁱ^e^s^on^l^y^t^o^{crop y}^ears^2008-^{2011. N}^o
ⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^as^early^as^Decem^{ber 1 of}^th^e^adv^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^t^f^o^{r crop y}^{ear 2012 an}^d
^{dar y}^{ear bef}^o^{re h}^a^rv^es^{t, at th}^e^th^ereaf^ter.^[S^{ec. 1102(d)]}
ⁱ^oⁿ^of^t^h^{e produ}^cer.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^Fo^r^p^e^a^nut^s:^ge^ne^r^a^l^l^y^,^b^e^fo^r^e
^t^{ober 1 of}^t^h^{e y}^{ear of}^h^a^rv^es^t^.^Sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^r
^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^.^[^{7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7953(e)]
^ents
^ents^:^if^th^e^{Counter-cyclical paym}^ents^:^sa^m^e^a^s^{Counter-cyclical paym}^ents^:^sa^m^e^a^s^{Counter-cyclical paym}^ents^:^c^o^ntⁱ^nue^s
^ectiv^{e price f}^o^{r a cov}^e^{red com}^m^odity^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^ex^ceptⁱ^t^cov^e^rs^2008-²⁰¹²^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^ex^ceptⁱ^t^cov^e^rs^2008-²⁰¹²^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^t^o^cov^e^{r 2008-}^{2012 crop y}^ears^.
^an^th^{e tar}^g^{et p}^r^{ice, a p}^a^y^m^en^{t is}^{crop y}^ears^.^[S^{ec. 1103(a)]}^{crop y}^ears^.^Ex^clu^d^es^participan^tsⁱⁿ^th^e^[S^ec.1104(a)]^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts
^ai^l^a^bl^{e t}^o^produ^cers^on^f^a^rm^s^wⁱ^t^h^A^C^R^prog^ram^.^[S^{ec. 1104(a)]}^Co^unt^e^r^-^fo^r^p^e^a^nut^{s c}^o^ntⁱ^nue^d^se^p^a^r^a^t^e^l^y^[Sec.
^m^en^{t y}ⁱ^elds^an^{d bas}^e^acres^{. C}^o^v^e^rs^cy^{clical pay}^m^en^ts^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^au^th^orized^1304(a)]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{2007 crop y}^ears^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^sep^a^r^a^tely^.^[S^ec.1304(a)]
^g/w^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^f^o^r^u^t^s^au^th^{orized s}^e^parately^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^s^.or
^le^ak
^://wiki^{fective price:}^t^h^e^hi^ghe^r^o^f⁽¹⁾^t^h^e^tion^a^{l s}^eas^on^av^erag^{e m}^a^rk^{et price or}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^ex^cep^{t ap}^p^{lies to}^pean^u^t^s^an^{d clarif}^ies^th^{at ef}^f^ectiv^{e price}^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept com}^p^u^t^{ed f}^o^r^{rice u}^sⁱⁿ^g^prices^by^ty^{pe of}^rice.^[Sec.^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1104(b)]}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.
^h^ttp⁾ⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^{l av}^er^ag^{e lo}^an^r^a^{te p}^l^u^s^th^e^f^o^{r rice an}^{d barley}^{are to be com}^p^u^t^ed^1104(b)]^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1304(b)]}
^m^en^{t rate.}^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7914(b)]ⁿ^o^tw^ith^stan^dⁱⁿ^g^sep^a^r^a^{te lo}^an^r^a^{tes b}^y^[S^{ec. 1304(b)]}
^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^t^y^{pe of}^ri^{ce or barl}^ey^.^[S^{ec. 1103(b)]}
^{rget prices}^f^o^{r 2004-}^{2007 crop y}^ears^:^T^a^{rget prices}^:^T^a^{rget prices}^:^T^a^{rget prices}^:
^eat^{, bu}^{., $3.92}^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $4.15}^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $4.20}^{2008 cr}^{op year}^(s^am^{e as}^{prior law}^,
^rn^{, bu}^{., $2.63}^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $2.63}^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $2.63}^ex^{cept cotton}^low^e^r)^[S^{ec. 1104(c)(1)]}
^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$²^.⁵⁷^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$²^.⁵⁷^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$²^.⁶³^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $3.92}
^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.24}^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.73}^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.63}^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $2.63}
^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.44}^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.50}^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.83}^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$²^.⁵⁷
^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7240}^Up^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁷⁰^U^p^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7225}^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.24}
^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}^Rⁱ^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}^L^oⁿ^g^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.44}
^Medi^u^m^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}^U^p^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7125}
^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.80}^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $6.10}^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $6.00}^L^oⁿ^g^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}
^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^l^b^{., $0.1010}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^l^b^{., $0.1150}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $12.74}^Medi^u^m^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}
^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$495^[S^{ec. 1103(c)]}^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $8.33}^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.80}
^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $12.82}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $10.10}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
ⁱ^f^f^e^ren^t^t^a^rg^et^pri^ces^applⁱ^e^{d t}^o^2002-^S^m^al^l^chⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $10.36}^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$495^[S^{ec. 1304(c)]}
^ears⁾^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7914(c)]^L^a^rg^{e ch}ⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $12.82}
^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$495^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7954(c)]^[S^{ec. 1104(c)]}^{2009 cr}^{op year}^(s^am^{e as}^{2008, ex}^cept
^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$495^[S^{ec. 1304(c)]}^f^o^u^rⁿ^e^w^cr^o^p^s^{: d}^r^y^p^{eas, len}^{tils, sm}^all
^an^{d larg}^{e ch}^ick^p^eas⁾^[S^{ec. 1104(c)(2)]}
^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $3.92}
^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $2.63}
^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$²^.⁵⁷
^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.24}
^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.44}
^U^p^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7125}
^L^oⁿ^g^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}
^Medi^u^m^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}
^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.80}
^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $10.10}
^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $8.32}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $12.81}
^g/w^S^m^al^l^chⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $10.36}
^s^.or^L^a^rg^{e ch}ⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $12.81}
^le^ak^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$495^[S^{ec. 1304(c)]}
^://wiki^{2010-2012 cr}^{op year}^s⁽ⁱⁿ^c^reas^es^f^o^r
^h^ttp^w^h^e^a^t^,^so^r^ghum^,^b^a^r^l^e^y^,^o^a^t^s^,^so^y^b^e^aⁿ^s,^an^{d m}ⁱⁿ^o^{r oils}^eeds⁾^[S^{ec. 1104(c)(3)]}
^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $4.17}
^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $2.63}
^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$²^.⁶³
^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.63}
^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.79}
^U^p^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7125}
^L^oⁿ^g^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}
^Medi^u^m^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $10.50}
^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $6.00}
^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $12.68}
^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $8.32}
^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $12.81}
^S^m^al^l^chⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $10.36}
^L^a^rg^{e ch}ⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $12.81}
^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$495^[S^{ec. 1304(c)]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t⁼^targ^{et price m}ⁱⁿ^u^s^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1103(d)-(e)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1104(d)-(e)]}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1104(d)-}
^ectiv^{e price (if}^th^{e dif}^f^e^ren^{ce is}^g^r^eater^Sa^m^e^fo^r^m^ul^a^fo^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1304(d)-}^(e)]^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.
^{0), tim}^es^{85% of}^bas^e^acres^{, tim}^es^(e)]^[S^{ec. 1304(d)-(e)]}
ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^{t y}ⁱ^eld.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^Sa^m^e^fo^r^m^ul^a^fo^r^p^e^a^nut^s.
^.^S^.^C^.^7954(d)-(f)]
ⁱ^ng^:^g^eⁿ^e^r^a^lly^{, af}^ter^th^{e en}^d^o^f^th^e^Timⁱ^ng^:^g^eⁿ^e^r^a^lly^{, th}^{e later}^o^f⁽¹⁾^th^e^Timⁱ^ng^:^ge^ne^r^a^l^l^y^,^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng O}^c^t^o^b^e^r¹^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^-^m^o^nt^{h m}^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng y}^e^a^r^.^A^d^va^nc^e^en^{d of}^t^h^{e 12-}^m^oⁿ^t^h^m^a^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^y^{ear, or}^af^{ter th}^{e en}^{d of}^th^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^y^ear.^m^odi^fⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1104(f)]}^Sam^e
^m^en^t^s^{are av}^ai^l^a^bl^e;^f^o^{r t}^h^{e 2007 crop}^{(2) October 1 of}^th^{e s}^a^m^e^calen^{dar y}^ear^A^d^v^aⁿ^{ce p}^a^y^m^en^{ts sam}^e^{as in}^Ho^u^s^{e b}^ill.^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1304(f)]}
^{e adv}^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^{t of}^{40% of}^as^th^{e en}^{d of}^th^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^y^ear.^[S^{ec. 1104(f)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r
^{pected pay}^m^en^{t af}^{ter f}ⁱ^rs^{t 6 m}^oⁿ^t^h^s^of^A^d^v^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^t^s^f^o^{r 2008-}^{2010 crop}^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1304(f)]}
^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^y^{ear (f}^{or 2002-}^{2006, t}^w^o^y^ears^:^on^{e adv}^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^{t of}^{40% af}^ter
^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^{, each}^{35% of}^th^e^fi^r^s^t⁶^m^o^nt^{hs o}^f^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng y}^e^a^r^.^N^o
^{pected pay}^m^en^{t, in}^{October of}^h^a^rv^es^t^adv^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^t^s^af^t^e^{r 2010 crop y}^ear.
^{d af}^{ter Febru}^a^ry^{1 of}^th^{e n}^e^x^t^[S^{ec. 1103(f)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{dar y}^ear).^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7914(f)]^Sam^e
^g/wⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7954(g)]
^s^.or^{ed Counter-cyclical Paym}^ents
^le^ak
^://wiki^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^Rev^e^nue-^b^a^s^{ed Co}^unt^er-^Cy^clica^l^Pa^y^m^{ents (RCCP):}^an^alterⁿ^ativ^{e to}^Av^era^g^e^Cro^p^Rev^e^{nue (ACR)}^p^r^ogram^:^an^alterⁿ^ativ^{e to}^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^l^A^v^{erage C}^r^op^R^e^ven^u^e^E^l^ecti^oⁿ^(ACRE^{) pro}^g^r^a^m^:^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e
^h^ttp^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l co}^uⁿ^t^er^-^c^y^c^{lical p}^a^y^m^en^ts.^{direct pay}^m^en^ts^{, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^approach^{, w}^ith^sⁱ^gⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^{t m}^odifⁱ^cation^s^.
^C^o^v^e^rs^{crop y}^ears^2008-^{2012. Produ}^cers^pay^m^en^ts^{, an}^{d n}^oⁿ^r^ecou^r^s^e^m^a^rk^etin^g^Aⁿ^alterⁿ^ativ^{e to}^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l co}^uⁿ^t^er^-
^h^a^v^e^on^{e opport}^uⁿⁱ^t^y^t^o^el^ect^RCCP^lo^an^{s f}^o^r^co^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^{ities an}^d^cy^{clical pay}^m^en^ts^f^o^{r cov}^e^red
^o^p^tioⁿ^so^oⁿ^af^ter^en^actm^eⁿ^t^{. T}^r^ad^itioⁿ^a^l^pean^u^t^s^.^Produ^cers^h^a^v^e^on^{e opport}^uⁿⁱ^t^y^co^m^m^o^d^{ities an}^d^p^ean^u^t^{s, w}^ith^a
^couⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^rem^aⁱⁿ^th^e^t^o^el^ect^A^C^R^optⁱ^oⁿ^:^f^o^{r 2010-}^{12 crop}^redu^ctionⁱⁿ^{direct pay}^m^en^ts^an^d
^d^e^f^a^u^{lt if}ⁿ^o^electioⁿ^{is m}^a^d^e^.^[Sec.^y^ears^,^2011-^{12. or 2012. T}^r^adition^a^l^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^r^a^{tes f}^o^r^p^a^r^ticip^an^ts.
^1104(a)]^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^th^{e d}^e^f^a^u^{lt if}ⁿ^o^Produ^cers^can^en^t^e^{r an}^y^y^{ear of}^t^h^{e 2009-}
^electioⁿ^{is m}^a^d^e^.^[S^{ec. 1401(a)]}^{2012 crop y}^ears^,^bu^t^canⁿ^o^t^ret^u^rn^t^o^t^h^e
^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l co}^uⁿ^t^er^-^c^y^c^{lical p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^.
^[S^{ec. 1105(a)]}
^{— No}^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.⁽^C^oⁿ^tin^u^e^{— Fix}^e^{d paym}^{ent com}^p^onent^{= $15}^{— Co}ⁿ^tin^u^e^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l d}ⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^ts,
^u^sⁱⁿ^g^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l d}ⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^ts.)^{per acre t}ⁱ^m^es^100%^of^bas^e^acres^.^[Sec.^bu^t^redu^{ce t}^h^em^by^20%^f^o^{r A}^C^R^E
^1401(b)(2)]^p^a^r^ticip^an^ts.^[S^{ec. 1105(a)(1)]}
^—^R^e^ven^u^e^-b^as^ed^p^aym^en^t^ifⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^l^—^R^e^ven^u^e^-b^as^ed^com^p^on^en^t^if^actu^a^l^—^R^e^ven^u^e^-b^as^ed^p^aym^en^t^bas^e^{d on}^a
^actu^a^{l rev}^eⁿ^u^e^{per acre is}^les^s^th^an^th^e^s^t^{ate rev}^eⁿ^u^e^is^les^s^th^an^{a g}^u^a^ran^t^eed^tw^o^-^p^a^r^t^tr^ig^g^e^r^:⁽¹⁾^if^actu^a^{l state}
^na^tⁱ^o^na^l^t^a^r^g^e^t^r^e^ve^nue^p^e^r^a^c^r^e^fo^r^t^h^e^lev^e^{l f}^o^r^th^{e co}^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^ity^.^[Sec.^r^e^ve^nueⁱ^s^l^e^{ss t}^h^aⁿ^a^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^d^st^a^t^e

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^cov^e^{red com}^m^odity^.^[S^{ec. 1104(b)]}^1401(b)(3)]^lev^e^{l f}^o^r^th^{e co}^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^ity^{, an}^d⁽²⁾
^if^actu^a^{l f}^a^r^m^r^e^v^eⁿ^u^e^{is less th}^an^{a f}^a^r^m
^A^C^RE^b^e^nc^hm^a^r^{k fo}^r^t^h^e^c^o^ve^r^e^d
^co^m^m^o^d^ity^.^[S^{ec. 1105(b)]}
^{— No}^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.⁽^C^oⁿ^tin^u^e^{— Recours}^e^loans^av^{ailable on}^actu^a^l^—^Co^ntⁱ^nue^usi^{ng no}^nr^e^c^o^ur^se
^u^sⁱⁿ^g^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l m}^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^{a cov}^e^{red com}^m^odi^t^y^.^m^a^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^l^o^an^prog^ram^,^bu^t^redu^{ce l}^o^an
^prog^ram^.⁾^L^o^an^{s m}^u^{st b}^e^r^e^p^a^idⁱⁿ^f^u^{ll; tr}^ad^itioⁿ^a^l^r^a^{tes b}^y³⁰^%^f^o^r^A^C^{RE p}^a^r^ticip^an^ts.
ⁿ^oⁿ^r^ecou^r^s^e^loan^s^,^loan^defⁱ^cien^cy^[S^{ec. 1105(a)(1)]}
^p^a^y^m^en^{ts, an}^d^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s
^una^vaⁱ^l^a^b^l^e^.^[S^{ec. 1401(f)]}
^N^a^ti^on^al^actu^al^{revenue per acre}⁼^{Actual s}^t^{ate revenue per acre}^{= actu}^a^l^{Actual s}^t^{ate revenue}^{per acre = actu}^a^l
ⁿ^a^tion^a^{l av}^erag^{e y}ⁱ^{eld f}^o^{r th}^{e y}^{ear tim}^es^s^t^{ate y}ⁱ^{eld, tim}^es^th^{e A}^C^R^h^a^rv^es^{t price.}^s^t^{ate y}ⁱ^{eld, tim}^es^th^{e n}^a^tion^a^{l av}^erag^e
^th^{e h}ⁱ^g^h^e^{r of}^{(1) n}^a^tion^a^{l s}^eas^on^av^erag^e^A^c^tu^{al state y}ⁱ^eld^{is th}^{e actu}^a^{l q}^u^an^tity^m^a^rk^{et price.}^A^c^tu^al^s^t^{ate yi}^el^d^{is th}^e
^m^a^rk^{et price, or (2) loan}^{rate. A}ⁿ^all-^rice^produ^{ced in}^th^{e s}^t^{ate du}^rin^g^th^{e crop}^actu^a^{l q}^u^an^tity^p^r^o^d^u^cedⁱⁿ^th^{e state}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^an^d^all-^b^a^r^l^ey^lo^an^r^a^{te w}^{ill b}^e^u^s^ed^f^o^r^y^{ear, di}^vⁱ^{ded by}^pl^an^t^e^{d acres}^{. A}^C^R^du^riⁿ^g^t^h^{e crop y}^{ear, di}^vⁱ^{ded by}^pl^an^t^e^d
^g/w^th^o^s^{e co}^m^m^o^d^ities.^[S^{ec. 1104(c)]}^h^a^rv^es^{t price is}^th^{e h}^a^rv^es^{t price u}^s^{ed to}^c^a^l^c^u^l^a^t^e^r^e^ve^nue^und^e^r^Fe^d^e^r^a^l^Cr^o^p^acres^.^N^a^ti^on^al^{average m}^a^rk^{et p}^rⁱ^c^e^is^th^{e g}^r^{eater of}^th^{e n}^a^tion^a^{l av}^erag^{e price}
^s^.or^In^s^u^ran^{ce prog}^ram^.^[S^{ec. 1401(c)]}^receiv^e^{d du}^rin^g^th^{e 12-}^m^oⁿ^t^h^m^a^rk^etin^g
^le^ak^y^{ear, or th}^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^loan^{rate af}^ter
^://wiki^beiⁿ^g^redu^{ced by}^30%^.^[S^{ec. 1105(c)]}
^h^ttp^{National target revenue per acre:}^{Average crop revenue guarantee per}^ACRE^pro^g^r^a^m^g^u^a^r^aⁿ^tee^{per acre =}
^Wh^eat^{, $149.92/}^acre^acre^{= 90% tim}^es^th^{e ex}^{pected s}^t^{ate y}ⁱ^eld^{90% tim}^es^th^{e ben}^c^h^m^ark^s^t^{ate y}ⁱ^eld,
^C^o^rn^{, $344.12/}^acre^{per plan}^{ted acre, tim}^es^th^{e av}^erag^{e of}^th^e^tim^es^th^{e A}^C^R^E^prog^ram^g^u^a^ran^t^ee
^G^r^aⁱ^{n So}^r^ghum^,^$131.28/^acre^pre-^plan^tin^g^{price f}^o^{r th}^{e crop y}^{ear an}^d^{price. T}^h^e^benchm^a^r^k^st^a^t^{e y}ⁱ^eld^{is a 5}^-
^Barl^ey^{, $153.30/}^acre^th^{e precedin}^g^{2 crop y}^ears^.^T^h^{e ex}^pected^y^{ear Oly}^m^{pic av}^erag^{e s}^t^{ate y}ⁱ^{eld. T}^h^e
^O^a^t^s^{, $92.10/}^acre^s^t^{ate y}ⁱ^{eld f}^o^{r a crop y}^{ear is}^proj^ected^ACRE^pro^g^r^a^m^g^u^a^r^aⁿ^{tee price}^{is a 2}^-
^U^p^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^$496.93/^acre^f^r^om^{a t}^r^en^{d u}^sⁱⁿ^g^1980-^{2006 dat}^a^{. T}^h^e^y^{ear av}^erag^{e of}^th^{e n}^a^tion^a^{l av}^erag^e
^Rⁱ^{ce, $548.06/}^acre^pre-^plan^tin^g^{price is}^th^{e price u}^s^{ed to}^m^a^rk^{et price, as}^defⁱⁿ^e^{d abov}^{e. T}^h^e
^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^$231.87/^acre^calcu^{late rev}^eⁿ^u^e^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{e Federal C}^r^op^A^C^RE^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^c^a^nno^t^c^h^a^nge
^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^$129.18/^acre^In^s^u^ran^{ce prog}^ram^,^an^{d can}ⁿ^o^{t decreas}^e^m^o^{re th}^an^{10% f}^r^om^th^{e prev}^iou^s^y^ear.
^Pean^u^t^s^,^$683.83/^acre^{or in}^creas^{e m}^o^{re th}^an^{15% f}^r^om^th^e^If^m^o^{re th}^an^{25% of}^{a s}^t^ate’^s^acreag^{e is}
^[S^{ec. 1104(d)]}^precedin^g^y^ear.^[S^{ec. 1401(d)]}^ir^rⁱ^g^a^ted^an^d²⁵^%^{is n}^oⁿ^-^ir^rⁱ^g^a^ted^,
^se^p^a^r^a^t^e^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^s^sha^l^l^a^p^p^l^y^.^[Sec.
^N^a^ti^on^al^p^aym^en^{t yi}^el^d^:^1105(d)]
^Wh^eat^{, 36.1 bu}^./^acre
^C^o^rn^{, 114.4 bu}^./^acre^{Actual farm}^revenue^{per acre = actu}^a^l
^G^r^aⁱ^{n So}^r^ghum^,⁵⁸^.²^b^u^.^/^a^c^r^e^f^a^rm^yⁱ^{eld, tim}^es^th^{e g}^r^{eater of}^th^e
^Barl^ey^{, 48.6 bu}^./^acreⁿ^a^tion^a^{l av}^erag^{e price receiv}^e^{d du}^rin^g

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^O^a^t^s^{, 49.8 bu}^./^acre^t^h^e¹²^-^m^o^nt^{h m}^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng y}^e^a^r^o^r^t^h^e
^U^p^l^aⁿ^d^cot^t^oⁿ^,^{634 l}^b^./^acre^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^r^a^{te af}^ter^b^eⁱⁿ^g^r^e^d^u^ced
^Rⁱ^{ce, 51.28 cw}^t./acre^by^30%^.^[S^{ec. 1105(e)]}
^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^{34.1 bu}^./^acre
^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^{1167.6 l}^b^./^acre^Fa^rm^ACRE^benchm^a^r^k^rev^enue^per
^Pean^u^t^s^,^{1.496 t}^oⁿ^/^acre^{acre = th}^{e 5-}^y^{ear Oly}^m^{pic av}^erag^{e f}^a^rm
^[S^{ec. 1104(e)]}^yⁱ^{eld, tim}^es^th^{e A}^C^R^E^prog^ram
^g^u^a^ran^t^{ee price; plu}^s^th^{e crop in}^s^u^ran^c^e
^N^a^ti^on^al^p^aym^en^{t rate}^{= Natio}ⁿ^a^{l tar}^g^et^prem^iu^m^{per acre.}^[S^{ec. 1105(f)]}
^r^e^ve^nue^p^e^r^a^c^r^e^mⁱ^{nus na}^tⁱ^o^na^l^a^c^t^ua^l
^rev^eⁿ^u^e^{per acre (if}^dif^f^e^ren^{ce g}^r^eater
^t^h^an^{0), di}^vⁱ^{ded by}ⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^pay^m^en^t
^yi^e^l^d^.^[S^{ec. 1104(f)]}
^Paym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t^{= Natio}ⁿ^a^{l p}^a^y^m^en^t^R^e^ven^u^e^-b^as^ed^p^aym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t^{= th}^e^Paym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t⁼^t^h^{e produ}^ct^of⁽¹⁾
^{rate, tim}^es^{85% of}^bas^e^acres^{, tim}^es^av^erag^{e crop rev}^eⁿ^u^e^prog^ram^g^u^a^ran^t^ee^th^{e lesser}^o^f⁽^a⁾^th^{e A}^C^{RE p}^r^o^g^r^a^m
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^p^a^ymeⁿ^t^yi^e^l^d^.^[S^{ec. 1104(g)]}^mⁱ^{nus t}^h^e^a^c^t^ua^l^st^a^t^e^r^e^ve^nue⁽ⁱ^{f t}^h^e^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^mⁱ^{nus a}^c^t^ua^l^st^a^t^e^r^e^ve^nue^o^r
^g/w^dif^f^e^ren^{ce is}^g^r^{eater th}^an^{0), tim}^es^85%^{(b) 25%}^of^t^h^{e A}^C^R^E^prog^ram^g^u^a^ran^t^ee,
^s^.or^of^th^{e bas}^e^acres^on^th^{e f}^a^rm^f^o^{r th}^e^tⁱ^m^es^{(2) 83.3%}^(2009-^{2011) or 85%}
^le^ak^co^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^ity^{, tim}^{es th}^{e r}^a^tio^o^f^th^e^act^u^a^l^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^hⁱ^s^t^ory^(A^PH^{) on}^t^h^e^{(2012) of}^t^h^{e acreag}^{e pl}^an^t^e^{d of}^t^h^e^cov^e^{red com}^m^odity⁽ⁿ^{ot to ex}^{ceed bas}^e
^://wiki^f^a^rm^divⁱ^{ded by}^th^{e ex}^{pected s}^t^{ate y}ⁱ^eld,^tim^{es 9}⁰^%^{. T}^h^{is f}^o^r^m^u^l^{a m}^u^ltip^{lies a}^acres^of^th^{e com}^m^odity^{), tim}^es^{(3) th}^{e 5-}^y^{ear Oly}^m^{pic av}^erag^{e f}^a^rm^yⁱ^{eld div}ⁱ^ded
^h^ttp^s^t^ate-^lev^e^{l pay}^m^en^{t rate per acre tim}^es^by^th^{e 5-}^y^{ear Oly}^m^{pic av}^erag^{e s}^t^ate
^85%^of^bas^e^acres^{, t}^h^en^pro-^rat^e^s^t^h^e^yⁱ^eld^.^T^h^{is f}^o^r^m^u^l^{a m}^u^ltip^{lies a state-}
^pay^m^en^t^bas^e^{d on}^t^h^{e f}^a^rm^’^s^yⁱ^el^d^lev^e^{l p}^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te p}^e^r^acr^{e (}^u^p^to^a
^hⁱ^s^t^ory^com^p^{ared to}^th^{e ex}^{pected s}^t^ate^m^a^xi^m^u^m^o^f²⁵^%^o^f^t^h^e^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^l^e^ve^l⁾
^yⁱ^{eld; th}^{e pay}^m^en^{t is}^th^en^redu^{ced by}^tim^es^{a percen}^tag^e^of^plan^{ted acreag}^e,
^10%^.^[S^{ec. 1401(e)]}^t^h^en^pro-^rat^e^s^t^h^{e pay}^m^en^t^bas^e^{d on}^t^h^e
^f^a^rm^’^s^yⁱ^{eld h}ⁱ^s^t^ory^com^p^{ared to th}^e
^s^t^ate’^s^yⁱ^{eld h}ⁱ^s^t^ory^.^[S^{ec. 1105(g)]}
^Timⁱ^ng^:^Gen^e^r^a^lly^{, later}^o^f⁽¹⁾^en^d^o^f^th^e^Timⁱ^ng^:^B^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng O}^c^t^o^b^e^r¹^a^f^t^e^r^t^h^e^Timⁱ^ng^:^B^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng O}^c^t^o^b^e^r¹^a^f^t^e^r^t^h^e
^12-^m^oⁿ^t^h^m^a^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^y^{ear, or (2) O}^c^t^ober^en^{d of}^th^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^y^{ear f}^o^{r both}^th^e^en^{d of}^th^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^y^{ear. No adv}^aⁿ^c^e
^{1 of}^th^{e s}^a^m^e^calen^{dar y}^{ear as}^th^{e en}^{d of}^fⁱ^x^e^{d pay}^m^en^{t an}^{d th}^{e rev}^eⁿ^u^e^-^b^as^ed^pay^m^en^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1105(b)(3)]}

^th^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^y^{ear. A}^d^v^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^com^pon^en^{t. No adv}^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^{. T}^h^is
^f^o^{r 2008-}^{2010 crop y}^ears^:^40%^of^delay^s^th^{e A}^C^R^{direct pay}^m^en^t
^ex^{pected pay}^m^en^{t af}^{ter th}^{e f}ⁱ^rs^{t 6 m}^oⁿ^t^h^s^com^pon^en^{t on}^{e y}^{ear com}^p^{ared to}
^of^m^a^rk^etin^g^y^{ear. No adv}^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^tr^ad^itioⁿ^a^{l d}ⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^ts.^[Sec.
^af^t^e^{r 2010 crop y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 1104(h}⁾^]^1401(b)(4)]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^e^M^a^rk^{eting L}^oans^{and Other Recours}^e^L^oans
^e^m^a^rk^{eting loans}^:^av^ailable^S^a^m^e^as^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^ex^ceptⁱ^t^cov^e^rs^2008-^S^a^m^e^as^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^ex^ceptⁱ^t^cov^e^rs^2008-^Gen^e^r^a^lly^coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s p}^r^io^r^law^to^co^v^e^r
^{r an}^y^am^ouⁿ^t^of^{a loan}^com^m^odity^{2012 crop y}^ears^,^an^{d i}ⁿ^cl^u^d^es^pean^u^t^s^.^{2012 crop y}^ears^,^an^{d ex}^cl^u^d^es^2008-^{2012 crop y}^ears^.^[S^ec.1201]
^{ced i}ⁿ^{crop y}^ears^2002-^2007.^[S^{ec. 1201(a)-(d)]}^p^a^r^ticip^an^{ts in}^th^{e A}^{CR p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^[Sec.^N^o^nr^e^c^o^ur^se^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng l}^o^aⁿ^{s fo}^r^p^e^a^nut^s
^d^r^{esses co}^m^mⁱⁿ^g^l^ed^co^m^m^o^d^{ities, an}^d^1201]^N^o^nr^e^c^o^ur^se^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng l}^o^aⁿ^{s fo}^r^coⁿ^tin^u^e^d^sep^a^r^a^tely^[S^{ec. 1307(a)(1)-}
^ires^com^p^lian^{ce w}^ith^con^s^erv^a^tion^pean^u^t^s^au^th^{orized s}^e^parately^.^[Sec.^(3)]^{Deletes Ho}^u^s^{e an}^d^Sen^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s
^d^w^e^tlan^d^{s r}^e^q^u^ir^em^en^ts.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^{1303(a)(1)-(4)]}^f^o^r^co^m^mⁱⁿ^g^l^ed^co^m^m^o^d^{ities an}^d
^N^o^nr^e^c^o^ur^se^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng l}^o^aⁿ^{s fo}^r^p^e^a^nut^s.
^u^t^s^au^th^{orized s}^e^parately^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^r^p^e^a^nut^s,^no^nr^e^c^o^ur^se^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng l}^o^aⁿ^s^S^a^m^e^as^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^ex^ceptⁱ^t^cov^e^rs^2008-^{For pean}^u^t^s^,^s^a^m^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^F^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^,^adopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^,
^ai^l^a^bl^{e i}ⁿ^{crop y}^ears^2002-^{2007. May}^{2012 crop y}^ears^,^an^{d pay}^m^en^t^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^[S^{ec. 1307(a)(5)-(6), (8)]}^{, ex}^{cept it}ⁱⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^pay^m^en^ts^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^t^orag^e,
^o^b^t^aⁱ^ne^d^t^h^r^o^{ugh m}^a^r^k^e^tⁱⁿ^g^s^t^orag^{e cos}^t^s^isⁿ^o^{t au}^th^orized.^[Sec.^au^th^orizes^pay^m^en^{t of}^s^t^orag^{e, h}^aⁿ^d^lin^g^,^ex^cept^s^t^orag^{e pay}^m^en^t^s^begⁱⁿ^wⁱ^t^h²⁰⁰⁸
ⁱ^v^{e or as}^s^o^ci^atⁱ^oⁿ^approv^{ed by}^1201(e)]^an^{d as}^s^o^{ciated cos}^t^s^,^an^{d does}^s^oⁱⁿ^s^u^ch^{crop y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 1307(a)(4)-(7)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^D^A^{. S}^t^orag^{e t}^o^{be prov}ⁱ^d^{ed on}^{a n}^oⁿ^-^{a w}^a^y^th^{at h}^aⁿ^d^lin^g^an^{d as}^s^o^{ciated cos}^t^s
^g/w^rⁱ^mⁱ^na^to^r^y^b^a^{sis a}ⁿ^d^und^e^r^aⁿ^y^d^itioⁿ^a^{l r}^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts. P}^a^y^m^en^{t o}^f^{are n}^o^{t dedu}^{cted f}^r^om^{a produ}^cer’^s^loan^,^bu^{t in}^s^t^{ead adv}^aⁿ^{ced w}^h^en^pean^u^t^s^are
^s^.or^u^t^s^t^orag^{e cos}^t^s^au^t^h^ori^{zed f}^o^{r 2002-}^{placed u}ⁿ^d^{er loan}^an^{d repaid w}^h^en
^le^ak^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{7957(a)(4)-(7)]}^pean^u^t^s^{are redeem}^ed.^[S^{ec. 1307(a)(7)]}
^://wiki^rates^f^o^{r 2004-}^{2007 crop y}^ears^:^L^oan^rates^:^L^oan^rates^:^L^oan^rates^:
^h^ttp^eat^{, bu}^{., $2.75}^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $2.94}^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $2.94}^{2008 cr}^{op year}^(s^am^{e as}^{prior law}⁾
^rn^{, bu}^{., $1.95}^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $1.95}^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $1.95}^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $2.75}
^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$¹^.⁹⁵^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$¹^.⁹⁵^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$¹^.⁹⁵^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $1.95}
^ey^{, bu}^{., $1.85}^Mal^t^barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $2.50}^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $1.95}^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$¹^.⁹⁵
^F^{eed barl}^ey^{, bu}^{., $1.90}^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $1.85}
^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.33}^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.46}^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.39}^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.33}
^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁵²^B^a^{se q}^u^ality^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁵²^B^a^{se q}^u^ality^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁵²^B^a^{se q}^u^ality^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁵²
^t^r^{a l}^oⁿ^g^s^t^apl^e^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7977}^Ex^t^r^{a l}^oⁿ^g^s^t^apl^e^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7977}^Ex^t^r^{a l}^oⁿ^g^s^t^apl^e^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7977}^Ex^t^r^{a l}^oⁿ^g^s^t^apl^e^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7977}
^{ce, cw}^{t., $6.50}^Lo^{ng gr}^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^,^c^w^t^.^,^$⁶^.⁵⁰^Lo^{ng gr}^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^,^c^w^t^.^,^$⁶^.⁵⁰^Lo^{ng gr}^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^,^c^w^t^.^,^$⁶^.⁵⁰
^Medi^u^m^&^s^h^ort^g^r^aiⁿ^ri^{ce, cw}^t^{., $6.50}^Mediu^m^g^r^ain^{rice, cw}^{t., $6.50}^Mediu^m^g^r^ain^{rice, cw}^{t., $6.50}
^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.00}^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.00}^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.00}^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.00}
^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^l^b^{., $0.0930}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^l^b^{., $0.1070}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $10.09}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $9.30}
^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $6.22}^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $5.40}^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $5.40}^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $6.22}
ⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $11.72}^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $11.28}^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $11.28}^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $11.72}
^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, cw}^{t., $7.43}^Sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, cw}^{t., $8.54}^Sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, cw}^{t., $7.43}^Sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, cw}^{t., $7.43}
^L^a^rg^{e ch}ⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $11.28}^G^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $1.00}
^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $1.00}^G^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $1.10}^G^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $1.20}^N^oⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $0.40}
ⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $0.40}^N^oⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $0.40}^N^oⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $0.40}^Moh^a^{ir, lb., $4.20}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^a^{ir, lb., $4.20}^Moh^a^{ir, lb., $4.20}^Moh^a^{ir, lb., $4.20}^H^oⁿ^e^y^,^l^b^{., $0.60}^[S^{ec. 1202(a)]}
ⁿ^e^y^,^l^b^{., $0.60}^H^oⁿ^e^y^,^l^b^{., $0.60}^H^oⁿ^e^y^,^l^b^{., $0.72}^[S^{ec. 1202(a)]}^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$355^[S^{ec. 1307(b)]}
ⁱ^f^f^e^ren^t^l^o^an^rat^e^s^applⁱ^e^{d t}^o^2002-^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$355.00^[S^{ec. 1202(a)]}^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$355^[S^{ec. 1307(b)]}
^ears^.⁾^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7932(b)]^{2009 cr}^{op year}^(s^am^{e as}^{2008, ex}^cept
^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$355^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7957(b)]^on^{e n}^e^w^{crop (larg}^e^ch^ick^p^eas^{) an}^d
^d^ecr^{eases f}^o^r^d^r^y^p^{eas an}^d^len^tils.
^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $2.75}
^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $1.95}
^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$¹^.⁹⁵
^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $1.85}
^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.33}
^B^a^{se q}^u^ality^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁵²
^Ex^t^r^{a l}^oⁿ^g^s^t^apl^e^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7977}
^Lo^{ng gr}^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^,^c^w^t^.^,^$⁶^.⁵⁰
^Mediu^m^g^r^ain^{rice, cw}^{t., $6.50}
^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.00}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $9.30}
^g/w^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $5.40}
^s^.or^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $11.28}
^le^ak^Sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, cw}^{t., $7.43}
^L^a^rg^{e ch}ⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $11.28}
^://wiki^G^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $1.00}
^h^ttp^N^oⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $0.40}^Moh^a^{ir, lb., $4.20}
^H^oⁿ^e^y^,^l^b^{., $0.60}^[S^{ec. 1202(b)]}
^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$355^[S^{ec. 1307(b)]}
^{2010-2012 cr}^{op year}^s⁽ⁱⁿ^c^reas^es^f^o^r
^w^h^{eat, barley}^{, oats}^{, m}ⁱⁿ^o^{r oils}^eeds^,
^g^r^{aded w}^{ool, an}^{d h}^oⁿ^e^y⁾
^Wh^eat^{, bu}^{., $2.94}
^C^o^rn^{, bu}^{., $1.95}
^G^r^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^,^b^u^.^,^$¹^.⁹⁵
^Barl^ey^{, bu}^{., $1.95}
^O^a^t^s^{, bu}^{., $1.39}
^B^a^{se q}^u^ality^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^lb^{., $}⁰^.⁵²
^Ex^t^r^{a l}^oⁿ^g^s^t^apl^e^cot^t^oⁿ^,^l^b^{., $0.7977}
^Lo^{ng gr}^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^,^c^w^t^.^,^$⁶^.⁵⁰
^Mediu^m^g^r^ain^{rice, cw}^{t., $6.50}
^S^o^y^b^ean^s^,^bu^{., $5.00}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^O^t^h^e^{r oi}^l^s^eeds^,^cw^t^{., $10.09}
^D^r^y^peas^{, cw}^t^{., $5.40}
^L^eⁿ^tils^{, cw}^{t., $11.28}
^Sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^{, cw}^{t., $7.43}
^L^a^rg^{e ch}ⁱ^c^k^p^eas^{, cw}^t^{., $11.28}
^G^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $1.15}
^N^oⁿ^g^r^{aded w}^ool^{, l}^b^{., $0.40}
^Moh^a^{ir, lb., $4.20}
^H^oⁿ^e^y^,^l^b^{., $0.69}^[S^{ec. 1202(c)]}
^Pean^u^t^s^,^t^oⁿ^,^$355^[S^{ec. 1307(b)]}
^ju^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^{of l}^oan^s^:^estab^lish^{a sin}^g^l^e^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1202(b)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1202(b)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1202(d)]}
^{rate in}^each^couⁿ^t^y^f^o^{r each}^kⁱⁿ^d^of
^th^er^o^ilseed^s”^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7932(c)]
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^{a sin}^g^l^{e co}^uⁿ^t^y^lo^an^r^a^{te f}^o^r^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^[S^{ec. 1202(d)]}^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^co^rⁿ^and^gr^{ain so}^r^ghum^{in each co}^unty^;
^g/w^es^tablis^h^{a s}ⁱⁿ^g^l^{e n}^a^tion^a^{l av}^erag^{e loan}^r^a^t^e^fo^r^c^o^rⁿ^aⁿ^d^gr^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^.^[Sec.
^s^.or^1202(c)(1)]
^le^ak
^://wiki^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{er th}^{e applicable loan}^,^m^a^rk^etin^g^loan^{, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical an}^d^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept does}ⁿ^o^{t s}^p^ecifⁱ^cally^apply^{to cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
^h^ttp^r^e^lated^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^u^sⁱⁿ^g^{a sin}^g^l^{e lo}^an^r^a^te^prog^ram^.^[S^{ec. 1210(e)]}
^fo^r^c^o^rⁿ^aⁿ^d^gr^aⁱ^{n so}^r^ghum^t^h^a^tⁱ^s
^iden^{tical in}^eachⁱⁿ^divⁱ^du^{al cou}ⁿ^t^y^.^Aⁿ^y
^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^f^o^{r l}^o^catⁱ^oⁿ^bas^e^{d on}
^tr^an^sp^o^r^tatioⁿ^sh^{all b}^e^th^{e sam}^e^f^o^r^co^rⁿ
^and^gr^{ain so}^r^ghum^{in each ind}ⁱ^vid^u^al
^couⁿ^t^y^.^A^llow^s^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^f^o^{r g}^r^ade,
^ty^p^e^{, an}^d^q^u^ality^.^[S^{ec. 1202(c)(2)]}
^th^o^r^{izes ad}^j^u^stm^eⁿ^t^{s in}^th^{e lo}^an^r^a^tes^A^m^en^ds^{prior law}^by^ex^ceptin^g^cotton^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept th}^e^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^{r an}^y^com^m^odi^t^y^bas^e^{d on}^di^f^f^e^ren^ces^an^{d ri}^{ce f}^r^om^t^h^{e g}^eⁿ^e^ral^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^r^ex^cep^tioⁿ^ap^p^{lies o}ⁿ^ly^to^co^ttoⁿ^,^r^e^m^o^v^e^s^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^s^to^co^m^p^o^s^itioⁿ^o^f^p^r^iv^ate
^r^ad^{e, ty}^p^e^{, q}^u^ality^{, lo}^catioⁿ^,^an^d^o^t^h^e^r^a^d^j^u^stm^e^nt,^w^{ith se}^p^a^r^a^te^a^d^j^u^stm^e^nt^w^a^r^e^h^o^u^s^{e lo}^catioⁿ^dⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^{tials, an}^d^s^{ector con}^s^u^ltativ^{e com}^m^ittee.^[Sec.
^.^A^llow^s^couⁿ^t^y^loan^rates^as^low^ru^les^f^o^{r cotton}^an^{d rice. En}^cou^r^ag^es^requ^ires^priv^{ate s}^{ector con}^s^u^ltation^f^o^r^1210]^S^a^m^e^basⁱ^{c prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.
^{95% of}^th^{e U.S. av}^erag^{e, if}^{it does}ⁿ^o^t^priv^{ate s}^{ector con}^s^u^ltation^f^o^{r cotton}^.^co^ttoⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1210(a)-(d), (f)]}^Sam^e^as^[S^{ec. 1308]}

^{ease o}^u^tlay^s^{; p}^r^o^h^ib^{its ad}^j^u^stm^eⁿ^t^o^f^{For rice, proh}^ibits^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^ex^{cept f}^o^r^p^r^io^r^law^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s.^[S^{ec. 1308]}
^erag^{e loan}^rate.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7282]^g^r^ad^{e an}^d^q^u^ality^.^[S^{ec. 1505]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^lish^q^u^ality^g^r^ad^{es f}^o^r^d^r^y^p^{eas as}^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^e^{s g}^r^adⁱⁿ^g^b^a^{sis f}^o^r^p^u^{lse cr}^o^p^s^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^;^h^o^w^e^v^e^r^th^e
^eed^p^{eas; f}^o^r^len^{tils as U.S. n}^u^m^b^e^r^bas^e^{d on}^{a g}^r^{ade n}^o^{t les}^s^th^an^g^r^ade^s^t^atem^en^{t of}^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^rs^calls^f^o^{r USDA}
^{tils; an}^d^f^o^r^sm^{all ch}^ick^p^{eas as U.S.}ⁿ^u^m^{ber 2 or ot}^h^e^{r f}^act^ors^,ⁱⁿ^cl^u^dⁱⁿ^g^f^aⁱ^r^r^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^s^th^{at r}^e^f^l^{ect n}^u^m^b^e^r²^q^u^ality^.
^m^{ber 3 s}^m^{all ch}^ick^p^eas^th^{at drop}^an^d^av^er^ag^{e cr}^o^p^q^u^ality⁽^a^d^j^u^s^ted^to
^o^w^{a 20/}^{64 s}^c^reen^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7932(d)]^r^e^fle^c^t^no^r^m^a^l^dⁱ^sc^o^{unts fo}^r^le^{ss tha}ⁿ
ⁿ^u^m^b^e^r²^q^u^ality⁾^.^[S^{ec. 1202(c)]}
^{of l}^oan^s^:⁹^m^o^nt^{hs a}^f^t^e^r^t^h^e^d^a^y^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1203]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1203]}^Sam^e^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1203]}
^an^{is m}^a^d^e^{; n}^o^ex^ten^s^ioⁿ^s^.^[7^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1307(c)]}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^S^.^C^.^7933]^Sam^e^term^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[7^1307(c)]
^S^.^C^.^7957(c)]
^rep^aym^en^t:^l^o^an^s^m^a^y^{be repai}^d^at^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept delin}^eates^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept delin}^eates^lon^g^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^ex^cept^adds^an
^o^f⁽¹⁾^th^{e lo}^an^r^a^{te p}^l^u^s^l^o^ng,^m^e^dⁱ^um^,^aⁿ^d^sho^r^t^gr^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^.^[Sec.^an^{d m}^e^diu^m^g^r^ain^rice.^[S^{ec. 1204(a)]}^o^p^tioⁿ^th^{at th}^{e r}^e^p^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te is b}^a^sed^oⁿ
^e^{st, o}^r⁽²⁾^{a r}^a^{te d}^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^b^y^1204(a)]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.^{a 30-}^day^av^erag^e.^[S^{ec. 1204(a)]}^A^dopt^s
^th^{at w}^{ill m}ⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^{ze f}^o^r^f^eitu^r^e^s,^1307(d)]^Se^na^t^e^p^r^o^vⁱ^sⁱ^o^{n fo}^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^[Sec.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^m^u^lation^of^s^t^ock^s^{, s}^t^orag^{e cos}^t^s^,^1307(d)(1)]
^g/w^rk^etⁱ^m^pedi^m^eⁿ^t^s^,^an^{d di}^s^c^repan^cⁱ^e^s^e^f^its^acros^s^States^an^{d cou}ⁿ^ties^.
^s^.or^clu^d^es^u^p^lan^d^cotton^,^{rice, EL}^{S cotton}^,
^le^ak^f^ection^e^ry^an^{d each}^oth^e^{r k}ⁱⁿ^d^of
^://wikiⁿ^f^lo^w^e^r^seed⁽^o^th^er^th^an^o^{il su}ⁿ^f^lo^w^e^r^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7934(a)]^Sam^e
^h^ttpⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7957(d)]
^p^lan^d^cotton^an^{d rice, repay}^m^en^t^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept delin}^eates^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept delin}^eates^lon^g^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1204(b)]}
^y^b^e^{at th}^{e lesser}^o^f^th^{e lo}^an^r^a^{te p}^l^u^s^l^o^ng,^m^e^dⁱ^um^,^aⁿ^d^sho^r^t^gr^aⁱ^{n r}ⁱ^c^e^.^[Sec.^an^{d m}^e^diu^m^g^r^ain^rice.^[S^{ec. 1204(b)]}
^e^{st, o}^r^th^{e p}^r^ev^ailin^g^w^o^r^l^d^p^r^{ice f}^o^r^1204(b)]
^m^m^o^d^ity^ad^j^u^sted^to^{U.S. q}^u^ality
^d^lo^catioⁿ^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7934(b)]
^r^EL^{S co}^ttoⁿ^,^r^e^p^a^y^m^en^{t m}^u^{st b}^e^{at th}^e^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1204(c)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1204(c)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1204(c)]}
^r^a^{te p}^l^u^sⁱⁿ^ter^e^st.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7934(c)]
^ev^ailin^g^w^o^{rld m}^a^rk^{et prices}^f^o^{r cotton}^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept s}^p^ecifⁱ^es^th^at^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept delin}^eates^lon^g^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[Sec.
^{d rice are determ}ⁱⁿ^{ed an}^{d an}ⁿ^o^uⁿ^ced^th^{e Far}^{East p}^r^{ice b}^e^u^s^ed^to^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^e^an^{d m}^e^diu^m^g^r^ain^rice.^[S^{ec. 1204(d)]}^1204(d)]

^e^r^U^S^D^A^r^e^gul^a^tⁱ^o^ns,^a^d^j^u^st^e^d^t^o^th^{e prev}^ailin^g^w^o^{rld m}^a^rk^{et price.}
^u^ality^an^d^lo^catioⁿ^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^[S^ec.1204(d)]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^ev^ailin^g^w^o^{rld m}^a^rk^{et price f}^o^{r u}^p^lan^d^P^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^ad^j^u^stm^eⁿ^t^to^p^r^ev^ailin^g^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h^ou^t
^t^oⁿ^adj^u^s^t^{ed i}^f^{(a) i}^tⁱ^s^l^e^s^s^t^h^an^115%^w^o^{rld m}^a^rk^{et prices}^f^o^{r rice an}^{d u}^p^lan^d^ref^e^ren^{ce to C}^o^m^p^{arable Un}^{ited States}
^th^{e lo}^an^r^a^{te; an}^d⁽^b⁾^th^{e Fr}^id^ay^co^ttoⁿ^.^Fo^r^rⁱ^{ce, f}^o^r^{U.S. q}^u^ality^an^d^Qu^ality^.^[S^{ec. 1204(e)(1)-(2)(A}⁾^]
^o^{ugh T}^hur^sd^a^y^a^v^e^r^a^g^e^p^rⁱ^c^e^fo^r^t^h^e^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^.^Fo^r^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^,^f^o^r^U.S.
^e^{st p}^r^iced^{U.S. g}^r^o^w^th^f^o^r^Mid^d^lin^g^q^u^ality^an^d^lo^catioⁿ⁽^p^r^e^mⁱ^u^m^{s f}^o^r
^32-ⁱⁿ^ch^cot^t^oⁿ^delⁱ^v^{ered C}^.^I.F^.^Co^m^p^ar^ab^{le Un}^ited^{States Qu}^ality^an^d
^e^rn^Eu^{rope is}^g^r^{eater th}^an^th^e^r^e^d^u^ctioⁿ^to^Un^ited^{States P}^r^em^iu^m
ⁱ^d^a^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh T}^hur^sd^a^y^a^v^e^r^a^g^e^p^rⁱ^c^e^o^f^F^act^{or h}ⁱ^g^h^e^{r t}^h^an^Mi^ddlⁱⁿ^g^{1 3/}^32-ⁱⁿ^ch^;
^l^o^w^e^st^-p^rⁱ^c^e^d^gr^o^w^t^h^{s o}^f^up^l^a^nd^an^{d cos}^t^s^{to m}^a^rk^{et th}^{e com}^m^odity^.^[Sec.
^,^as^qu^{oted f}^o^{r Middlin}^g^{(M) 1}^1204(e)]
²^-ⁱⁿ^ch^co^ttoⁿ^d^e^liv^er^ed^C.I^.^F.
^h^e^rn^Eu^rope.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7934(e)(1)]
^ev^ailin^g^w^o^{rld m}^a^rk^{et price f}^o^{r u}^p^lan^d^A^d^j^u^s^t^s^prev^ailin^g^w^o^{rld m}^a^rk^{et price f}^o^r^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept th}^e^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^t^oⁿ^f^u^rt^h^e^{r adj}^u^s^t^{ed bas}^e^{d on}^dat^a^up^l^a^nd^c^o^t^t^o^{n fur}^t^he^r^t^o^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^z^e^l^o^aⁿ^f^u^r^t^h^e^r^ad^j^u^stm^eⁿ^t^{is to}^{U.S. q}^u^ality^an^d^[S^{ec.1204(e)(2)(B}^)]
^dⁱⁿ^g^{U.S. s}^h^{are of}^w^o^{rld ex}^ports^,^f^o^rf^eitu^res^an^{d accu}^m^u^lation^of^s^t^ock^s^,^lo^catioⁿ^.^W^ith^r^e^sp^{ect to}^tr^an^sitioⁿ^,^u^s^es
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^e^{l o}^f^ex^p^o^r^{t sales an}^d^sh^ip^m^eⁿ^t^{, an}^d^im^prov^{e m}^a^rk^etin^g^,^an^{d en}^s^u^re^th^{e term}^“ⁱⁿ^s^u^f^fⁱ^cien^{t” cu}^rren^t-^{crop price}
^g/w^e^r^d^a^{ta USDA}^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{es r}^e^lev^aⁿ^t^.^[7^co^m^p^etitiv^en^{ess an}^d^tr^an^sitioⁿ^b^e^tw^een^q^u^o^t^atioⁿ^s^{, r}^a^th^er^th^an^“^l^{ess th}^an^th^r^ee”
^s^.or^S^.^C^.^7934(e)(2)]^cu^rren^t^-^c^{rop an}^{d f}^u^t^u^re-^c^{rop pri}^c^e^cu^rren^t-^{crop price qu}^otation^sⁱⁿ^th^e
^le^ak^qu^ot^atⁱ^oⁿ^s^.^[S^{ec. 1204(f)]}^Ho^u^s^{e b}^ill.^[S^{ec. 1204(e)]}
^://wiki^r^c^o^nfe^c^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^aⁿ^d^o^t^he^r^ki^nd^{s o}^fⁿ^f^lo^w^e^r^seed^{s (}^o^th^er^th^an^o^{il su}ⁿ^f^lo^w^e^r^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1204(g)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^ec.1204(f)]^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1204(f)]}
^h^ttp^s^m^a^y^{be repaid at th}^{e les}^s^e^{r of}
⁾^th^{e lo}^an^r^a^{te p}^l^u^sⁱⁿ^ter^e^{st, o}^r⁽²⁾^th^e
^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te f}^o^r^o^{il su}ⁿ^f^lo^w^e^r^seed^.^[7
^S^.^C^.^7934(f)]
^r^d^r^y^p^{eas, len}^{tils, an}^d^sm^{all ch}^ick^p^eas,^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1204(h}⁾^]^F^o^{r pu}^l^s^{e crops}^{, l}^o^an^s^s^h^al^l^{be repai}^d^at^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.
^{s sh}^{all b}^e^r^e^p^a^id^{at th}^{e q}^u^ality^g^r^ad^es^th^{e q}^u^ality^g^r^ad^{es f}^o^r^th^{e ap}^p^licab^le
^{r th}^{e applicable com}^m^odity^s^p^ecifⁱ^{ed in}^com^m^odi^t^y^as^s^p^eci^fⁱ^{ed i}ⁿ^S^{ec. 1202(c).}
^.^S^.^C^.^7932(d).^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7934(g)]^[S^{ec. 1204(g)]}
ⁱ^d^{e pay}^m^en^t^of^s^t^orag^{e f}^o^{r u}^p^l^aⁿ^d^En^ds^t^h^{e pract}ⁱ^{ce of}^payⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r u}^p^l^aⁿ^d^R^e^qu^ires^pay^m^en^{t of}^cotton^s^t^orag^{e cos}^t^s^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^pay^cot^t^oⁿ
^t^t^o^n,^a^s^a^l^l^o^w^e^d^und^e^r^ge^ne^r^a^l^c^o^t^t^o^{n st}^o^r^a^g^e^,^ha^nd^lⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^o^t^he^r^c^o^st^sⁱⁿ^s^a^me^maⁿⁿ^e^r^aⁿ^d^a^t^s^a^me^r^a^t^e^s^a^s^wa^s^s^t^orag^{e cos}^t^s^,^ex^{cept a 10% redu}^ction
^th^o^r^{ities o}^f^th^{e CCC.}^[⁷^C.^F.^R.^s^t^artⁱⁿ^g^wⁱ^t^h^t^h^{e 2011 crop.}^[S^{ec. 1510]}^provⁱ^d^{ed f}^o^{r t}^h^{e 2006 crop, ef}^f^ectⁱ^v^{e f}^o^r^applⁱ^e^s^t^o^2008-^{2011 crop y}^ears^,^an^{d a}
⁾^]^2008-^{12 crop y}^ears^.^[S^{ec. 1204(h}⁾^]^20%^redu^ctⁱ^oⁿⁱⁿ^t^h^{e 2012 crop y}^ear.
^[S^{ec. 1204(g)]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^P^r^o^v^id^{es USDA}^au^th^o^r^ity^to^tem^p^o^r^ar^ily^,
^an^on^{a s}^h^ort^-^t^e^rm^basⁱ^s^on^l^y^{, adj}^u^s^t^t^h^e

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^r^e^p^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{tes in}^th^{e ev}^en^{t o}^f^{a sev}^e^r^e
^dⁱ^sr^u^p^tioⁿ^to^m^a^r^k^etin^g^,^tr^an^sp^o^r^tatioⁿ^o^r
^r^e^latedⁱⁿ^f^r^astr^u^c^tu^r^e^.^[S^{ec. 1204(h}⁾^]
^Sa^m^e^fo^r^p^e^a^nut^s.^[S^{ec. 1307(d)(2)]}
^p^aym^en^ts^(L^DP):^S^a^m^e^as^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^ex^cept^f^o^{r 2008-}²⁰¹²^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept th}^{at f}^o^r^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1205]}
^{ailable to produ}^cers^w^h^{o ag}^{ree to}^{crop y}^ears^.^[S^{ec. 1205]}^t^h^{e 2008 crop y}^{ear t}^h^{e pay}^m^en^t^rat^eⁱ^s^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^r^e^go^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng l}^o^aⁿ^s.^LD^P^c^o^m^p^ut^e^d^es^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^{d as}^of^t^h^{e dat}^e^t^h^at^produ^cers^1307(e)]
^m^u^ltip^lyⁱⁿ^g^th^{e p}^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te (}^t^h^e^lo^{se b}^eⁿ^e^fⁱ^{cial in}^ter^e^st.^[S^{ec. 1205]}
^ouⁿ^t^th^{at th}^{e loan}^{rate ex}^ceeds^th^{e rate}^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[Sec.
^h^ich^{a m}^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^m^a^y^b^e^r^e^p^a^id⁾^1307(e)]
^r^th^{e co}^m^m^o^d^ity^tim^{es th}^{e q}^u^an^tity^o^f
^m^odity^produ^{ced. L}^o^an
ⁱ^cien^cy^pay^m^en^ts^av^{ailable f}^o^r
^rⁿ^p^e^l^t^s^o^r^ha^y^aⁿ^d^si^l^a^ge^,^e^v^eⁿ
^{ugh t}^h^e^y^a^r^e^no^t^e^lⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^fo^r^m^a^r^k^e^tⁱⁿ^g
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{s. EL}^{S co}^ttoⁿ^{is n}^o^{t elig}^ib^le.
^g/w^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te d}^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^u^sⁱⁿ^g^th^{e r}^a^{te in}
^s^.or^{ect as}^of^th^{e date th}^{at produ}^cers
^le^ak^es^t^pay^m^en^t^(produ^cers^{do n}^o^tⁿ^eed^{se b}^eⁿ^e^fⁱ^{cial in}^ter^e^st)^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^://wiki^]^S^a^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r pean}^u^t^s^.^[7^S^.^C^.^7957(e)]
^h^ttp
^y^m^en^tsⁱⁿ^lieu^of^L^D^P^f^o^{r g}^r^azed^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1206]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1206]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1206]}
^{e of}^w^h^{eat, barley}^{, oats}^{, or}
^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7936]
^etin^g^L^o^an^P^r^ov^is^ion^s^f^o^r^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept u}^s^es^{Far Eas}^t^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^cept^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[Sec.
^d^C^o^tton^:^im^pos^es^{a s}^p^{ecial im}^port^pri^{ce. S}^p^eci^alⁱ^m^port^qu^ot^{a def}ⁱⁿ^e^d.^s^p^ecifⁱ^es^th^{e price of}^A^m^erican^cotton^1207(a)]
^{ota on}^u^p^lan^d^cotton^w^h^en^{U.S. prices}^Lⁱ^mⁱ^t^sⁱ^m^port^s^uⁿ^d^{er qu}^ot^{a t}^o^{10 w}^eek^s^“^d^eliv^{ered to a def}ⁱⁿ^a^{ble an}^{d s}ⁱ^gⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^t
^{ceed North}^e^rn^Eu^ropean^prices^by^o^f^coⁿ^s^u^m^p^tioⁿ^b^y^d^o^m^{estic m}^ills.^[Sec.ⁱⁿ^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l m}^a^r^k^et.”^[S^{ec. 1207(a)]}
^{re t}^h^an^1.25¢^f^o^{r 4 w}^eek^s^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^1207(a)]
^mⁱ^t^e^{d g}^l^obalⁱ^m^port^qu^ot^{a i}^sⁱ^m^pos^ed^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1207(b)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1207(b)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1307(b)]}

^u^p^lan^d^cotton^w^h^en^{U.S. prices}
^erag^{e 130%}^of^t^h^{e prev}ⁱ^o^u^s^3-^y^ear
^erag^{e of}^{U.S. prices}^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7937(c)]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^Provⁱ^d^es^Econ^omⁱ^c^A^d^j^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^Provⁱ^d^es^Econ^omⁱ^c^A^d^j^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to Us}^ers^of^Uplan^d^C^o^tton^vⁱ^a^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to Us}^ers^of^Uplan^d^C^o^tton^vⁱ^a^m^o^dⁱ^fi^c^a^tⁱ^o^n.^E^ffe^c^tⁱ^v^e^A^ugust¹^,^2008,
^m^a^rk^etin^g^certif^icates^{or cas}^h^pay^m^en^ts^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce of}^4¢^{/lb. to dom}^es^{tic u}^s^ers^of^t^h^r^o^{ugh J}^u^l^y³¹^,^{2012 at}^4¢^/^l^b^.;^pay^m^en^t
^o^f⁴^¢^/lb^{. to}^d^o^m^{estic u}^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^u^s^er^s^u^p^lan^d^co^ttoⁿ^f^o^r^u^s^{es o}^f^{all co}^ttoⁿ^r^a^t^e^d^r^o^p^s^t^o³^¢^oⁿ^A^ugust¹^,^2012.^[Sec.
^f^o^r^{all co}^ttoⁿ^u^s^{es r}^e^g^a^r^d^{less o}^f^o^r^igⁱⁿ^f^o^r^r^e^g^a^r^d^{less o}^f^o^r^igⁱⁿ^f^o^r^th^{e sam}^e^1207(c)]
^acq^uⁱ^sitioⁿ^,^coⁿ^s^tr^u^c^tioⁿ^,ⁱⁿ^stallatioⁿ^,^pu^rpos^es^as^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^m^o^d^e^rⁿ^izatioⁿ^,^d^e^v^e^lo^p^m^en^{t, co}ⁿ^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^,^E^ffe^c^tⁱ^v^e^A^ugust¹^,^{2008, t}^h^ro^{ugh J}^une
^{or ex}^pan^sⁱ^oⁿ^of^l^aⁿ^d^{, pl}^an^t^,^buⁱ^l^dⁱⁿ^g^s^,^{30, 2013;}^pay^m^en^t^rat^e^drops^t^o^0¢^on
^eq^uⁱ^p^m^en^{t, f}^{acilities, o}^r^m^achⁱⁿ^er^y^.^Ju^l^y^{1, 2013, w}^hⁱ^c^h^t^e^rmⁱⁿ^at^es^f^u^t^u^re
^E^ffe^c^tⁱ^v^e^t^h^r^o^{ugh J}^u^l^y³¹^,^2013.^[Sec.^fundⁱ^ng.^[S^{ec. 1207(c)]}
^1207(c)]
^{ecial co}^m^p^etitiv^en^{ess p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^f^o^r^EL^S^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1208]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^ex^cep^{t it d}^o^e^{s n}^o^t^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1208]}
^prov^ides^m^a^rk^etin^g^certif^icates^or^s^p^ecif^y^f^o^rm^of^pay^m^en^{t (cas}^h^or
^h^pay^m^en^ts^av^{ailable to dom}^es^tic^certif^icates^).^[S^{ec. 1208]}
^ers^an^{d ex}^porters^w^h^en^ev^{er th}^{e w}^o^rld
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^rk^{et price f}^o^{r th}^{e low}^e^s^t^{priced EL}^S
^g/w^ttoⁿ^{is b}^e^lo^w^th^{e p}^r^ev^ailin^g^{U.S. p}^r^ice
^s^.or^{r a com}^p^etin^g^g^r^ow^th^of^EL^{S cotton}^f^o^r
^le^ak^w^eek^{period; an}^{d th}^{e low}^e^s^t^priced^m^p^etin^g^g^r^o^w^th^o^f^EL^{S co}^ttoⁿ^{is less}
^://wiki^134%^of^t^h^{e l}^o^an^rat^e^f^o^{r EL}^S^t^oⁿ^.^Ef^f^ectⁱ^v^{e May}^{13, 2002, t}^h^rou^g^h
^h^ttp^l^y^{31, 2008.}^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7938]
^r^s^e^loan^s^f^o^{r h}ⁱ^g^h^m^o^is^tu^{re f}^eed^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1209]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1209]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1209]}
^ain^s^an^{d s}^{eed cotton}^:^f^o^{r f}^a^rm^s^th^at
^r^m^a^l^l^y^ha^r^v^e^s^t^c^o^rⁿ^o^r^so^r^ghumⁱⁿ^a
^h^m^o^istu^r^e^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^,^r^eco^u^r^{se lo}^an^s
^{ailable at rates}^s^e^{t by}^th^{e USDA}^.
^r^s^e^loan^s^f^o^{r s}^{eed cotton}^.
^a^y^m^en^{t at lo}^an^r^a^{te p}^l^u^sⁱⁿ^ter^e^st.^[7
^S^.^C^.^7939]
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^es^{a deadlin}^{e f}^o^{r pean}^u^t^loan^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.

^r^e^p^a^y^m^en^{t n}^o^later^th^an^J^uⁿ^e³⁰^o^f^th^e
^y^{ear s}^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^t^{to th}^{e y}^{ear in}^w^h^ich^th^e
^p^e^a^nut^{s w}^e^r^e^ha^r^v^e^s^t^e^d^.^Lo^aⁿ^no^t
^redeem^{ed by}^th^{e deadlin}^{e are deem}^ed
^f^o^r^f^eited^.^[S^{ec. 1210]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^u^th^o^r^{izes q}^u^alityⁱⁿ^cen^tiv^{e p}^a^y^m^en^ts^Sim^ilar^to^Ho^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^,^ex^cep^{t it h}^a^s^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^f^o^r^h^ealth^y^o^ilseed^{s w}^ith^sp^{ecial tr}^{aits to}^f^e^w^e^{r requ}ⁱ^r^em^en^t^s^f^o^{r propos}^al^s^,^does^m^odifⁱ^cation^s^{, an}^{d adds}^com^p^lian^{ce an}^d
^en^h^aⁿ^{ce h}^u^m^an^h^ealth^{. P}^r^ov^ides^f^o^rⁿ^o^{t sp}^ecif^y^m^u^lti-^y^ear^coⁿ^t^r^{acts, an}^d^p^eⁿ^a^lty^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^{. A}^u^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f
^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^s^u^ch^s^u^m^s^provⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r prot}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^of^propri^e^t^a^ry^s^u^ch^s^u^m^s^asⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^f^o^{r F}^Y^2009-
^asⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^{. C}^r^{op y}^ears^2009-^2013.ⁱⁿ^f^o^rm^ation^.^Doesⁿ^o^{t s}^p^ecif^y^crop^2012.^[S^{ec. 1605]}
^US^DA^{to s}^o^{licit propos}^als^;^s^u^cces^s^f^u^l^y^ears^,^bu^{t au}^th^orizes^dis^c^retion^a^ry
^applican^ts^en^{ter con}^t^racts^w^ith^produ^cers^{appropriation}^s^of^{$400 m}^illion^f^o^{r th}^e
^an^{d are reim}^bu^rs^{ed af}^{ter prem}^iu^m^s^paid^peri^{od F}^Y^2008-^12.^[S^{ec. 1705]}
^t^o^produ^cers^.^[S^{ec. 1211]}
^en^{t L}ⁱ^mⁱ^ts
^lish^e^{s p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{its o}ⁿ^dⁱ^r^ect^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s lim}^{its f}^o^r^dⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^{ts an}^d^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s lim}^{its f}^o^r^dⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^{ts an}^d^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s p}^r^io^r^law^lim^{its f}^o^r^dⁱ^r^ect
^m^en^ts^{, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^,^couⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^{, as}^am^en^ded^couⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^{, as}^am^en^ded^pay^m^en^ts^an^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^.
^d^cer^tain^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its u}ⁿ^d^er^b^e^lo^w^.^{Deletes p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{it f}^o^r^b^e^lo^w^.^{Deletes p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{it f}^o^r^{Deletes p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{it f}^o^r^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an
^{ood S}^ecu^ri^t^y^A^c^t^of^{1985, as}^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^Estab^lish^e^s^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^Estab^lish^e^s^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^Estab^lish^e^{s d}ⁱ^r^{ect attr}^ib^u^tioⁿ^to
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^en^{ded, to a “}^p^ers^oⁿ^”^as^broadly^dⁱ^r^{ect attr}^ib^u^tioⁿ^toⁿ^a^tu^r^a^{l p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^;^dⁱ^r^{ect attr}^ib^u^tioⁿ^toⁿ^a^tu^r^a^{l p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^;ⁿ^a^tu^r^a^{l p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^{; elim}ⁱⁿ^{ates 3}^en^tity^r^u^le.
^g/wⁱⁿ^e^{d bel}^o^w^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1308-1308-3(a)]}^elimⁱⁿ^{ates 3}^en^tity^r^u^le.^[S^{ec. 1503]}^elimⁱⁿ^{ates 3}^en^tity^r^u^le.^[S^{ec. 1703(a)]}^[S^{ec. 1603(a)]}
^s^.or^on:^defⁱⁿ^e^{d as}^anⁱⁿ^di^vⁱ^du^al^{, part}ⁿ^e^r^Pers^on:^“^aⁿ^a^t^u^ral^pers^on^{, an}^{d does}ⁿ^o^t^Pers^on:^sam^e^{as Ho}^u^s^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^[Sec.^Pers^on:^adopts^th^{e Hou}^s^{e def}ⁱⁿ^ition^.
^le^ak^ge^ne^r^a^l^p^a^r^t^ne^r^s^hi^p^o^r^j^oⁱⁿ^t^ve^nt^ur^e^,ⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e a leg}^a^{l en}^tity^.”^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(1)]}^1703(b)(2)]^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(1)]}
^://wiki^s^{t, co}^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^,^j^oⁱⁿ^{t sto}^c^k^co^m^p^an^y^,^ited^p^a^r^tⁿ^e^r^s^hⁱ^p^,^asso^ciatioⁿ^,
^h^ttp^{aritable org}^aⁿⁱ^zation^,^{State ag}^en^cy^{, or}
^u^bdivⁱ^sⁱ^on^(ex^{cept cooperativ}^e
^{cer as}^s^o^ciation^s^).^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^L^e^gal^en^ti^ty:^an^en^tity^cr^eated^uⁿ^d^er^L^e^gal^en^ti^ty:^sam^e^{as Ho}^u^s^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^L^e^gal^en^ti^ty:^adopt^s^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^e
^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l o}^r^{state law}^th^{at (}¹⁾^o^wⁿ^s^lan^d^o^r^[S^{ec. 1703(b)(2)]}^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(1)]}
^an^ag^ricu^ltu^{ral com}^m^odity^{, or (2)}
^produ^ces^an^ag^ricu^ltu^{ral com}^m^odity^.
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^F^a^mi^l^y^me^mb^e^r^:^“a^{n i}ⁿ^dⁱ^vi^d^u^a^l^t^o^F^a^mi^l^y^me^mb^e^r^:^“^a^pers^on^t^o^w^h^om^a
^w^h^o^m^{a m}^e^m^b^erⁱⁿ^th^{e f}^a^r^mⁱⁿ^g^o^p^e^r^a^tioⁿ^m^e^m^b^erⁱⁿ^th^{e f}^a^r^mⁱⁿ^g^o^p^e^r^a^tioⁿ^is
^{is r}^e^lated^{as lin}^{eal an}^cesto^r^,^lin^eal^{related as}^lin^{eal an}^ces^{tor, lin}^eal
^des^cen^dan^t^{, s}ⁱ^blⁱⁿ^g^,^{or s}^pou^s^e^.”^[Sec.^des^cen^dan^t^{, s}ⁱ^blⁱⁿ^g^,^s^pou^s^e^{, or ot}^h^e^rwⁱ^s^e
^1703(b)(1)]^by^m^a^rriag^e.”^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(1)]}
^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^am^ouⁿ^t^{of p}^aym^en^ts^per^M^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^am^ouⁿ^t^{of p}^aym^en^ts^per^M^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^am^ouⁿ^t^{of p}^aym^en^ts^per^M^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^am^ouⁿ^t^{of p}^aym^en^ts^per
^on^f^o^{r th}^{e s}^u^m^of^all^y^ear^to^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^leg^a^{l en}^tity^f^o^r^th^e^y^ear^to^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^leg^a^{l en}^tity^f^o^r^th^e^y^ear^to^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^leg^a^{l en}^tity^f^o^r^th^e

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^{ities (}^e^x^cep^{t p}^ean^u^t^s,^su^m^o^f^{all co}^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^{ities, ex}^cep^t^su^m^o^f^{all co}^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^{ities, ex}^cep^t^su^m^o^f^{all co}^v^e^r^e^d^co^m^m^o^d^{ities, ex}^cep^t
^o^l^,^m^o^haⁱ^r^,^aⁿ^d^ho^ne^y⁾^:^p^e^a^nut^s:^p^e^a^nut^s:^p^e^a^nut^s:
^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$40,000^—^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$60,000^—^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^an^{d f}ⁱ^x^e^{d A}^C^R^—^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$40,000
^pay^m^en^t^:^$40,000^{— Direct pay}^m^en^ts^uⁿ^d^{er A}^C^R^E^:
^{$40,000 m}ⁱⁿ^u^s^t^h^{e redu}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^requⁱ^r^{ed of}
^an^A^C^R^E^partⁱ^cⁱ^p^an^tⁱⁿ^S^{ec. 1105(a)(1).}
^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lⁱ^cal^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$65,000^—^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lⁱ^cal^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$65,000^{— C}^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^an^d^—^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lⁱ^cal^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$65,000
^[S^{ec. 1503(a)(1)-(2)]}^rev^eⁿ^u^e^-^b^as^{ed A}^C^R^pay^m^en^t^:^$60,000^—^A^C^R^E^pay^m^en^t^s^:^{$65,000 pl}^u^s^t^h^e
^r^e^d^u^ctioⁿⁱⁿ^th^{e d}ⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^it.
^Mark^etⁱⁿ^g^l^o^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s^/^L^D^P:^$75,000^{— Mar}^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s/L^D^P^:ⁿ^o^lim^it.^{— Mar}^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s/L^D^P^:ⁿ^o^lim^it^{— Mar}^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s/L^D^P^:ⁿ^o^lim^it
^.^S^.^C^.^{1308(b)(1), (c)(1), (d)(1)]}^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(2)]}^[S^{ec. 1703(b)(2)]}^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(2)]}
^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^p^aym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t^{per y}^{ear to}^M^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^p^aym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t^{per y}^{ear to}^M^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^p^aym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t^{per y}^{ear to}^M^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^p^aym^en^{t am}^ouⁿ^t^{per y}^{ear to}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^on^f^o^{r t}^h^{e s}^u^m^of^pean^u^t^s^,^w^ool^,^haⁱ^r^,^aⁿ^d^ho^ne^y^:^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^leg^a^{l en}^tity^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s:^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^leg^a^{l en}^tity^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s:^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^leg^a^{l en}^tity^f^o^r^p^ean^u^t^s:
^g/w
^s^.or^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$40,000^—^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$60,000^—^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^an^{d f}ⁱ^x^e^{d A}^C^R^—^Dⁱ^rect^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$40,000
^le^ak^pay^m^en^t^:^$40,000^{— Direct pay}^m^en^ts^uⁿ^d^{er A}^C^R^E^:
^{$40,000 m}ⁱⁿ^u^s^t^h^{e redu}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^requⁱ^r^{ed of}
^://wiki^an^A^C^R^E^partⁱ^cⁱ^p^an^tⁱⁿ^S^{ec. 1105(a)(1).}
^h^ttp
^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lⁱ^cal^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$65,000^—^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lⁱ^cal^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$65,000^{— C}^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^{, an}^d^—^C^o^uⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lⁱ^cal^pay^m^en^t^s^:^$65,000
^[S^{ec. 1503(a)(1)-(2)}^rev^eⁿ^u^e^-^b^as^{ed A}^C^R^pay^m^en^t^:^$60,000^—^A^C^R^E^pay^m^en^t^s^:^{$65,000 pl}^u^s^t^h^e
^r^e^d^u^ctioⁿⁱⁿ^th^{e d}ⁱ^r^{ect p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^it.
^Mark^etⁱⁿ^g^l^o^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s^/^L^D^P:^$75,000^{— Mar}^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s/L^D^P^:ⁿ^o^lim^it^{— Mar}^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s/L^D^P^:ⁿ^o^lim^it^{— Mar}^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^s/L^D^P^:ⁿ^o^lim^it
^.^S^.^C^.^{1308(b)(2), (c)(2), (d)(2)]}^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(2)]}^[S^{ec. 1703(b)(2)]}^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(2)]}
^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{Direct attribution:}^th^{e to}^{tal am}^o^uⁿ^t^o^f^{Direct attribution:}^s^a^m^e^as^Hou^s^e^{Direct attribution:}^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e
^{direct an}^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^are^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^,^ex^cep^{t p}^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^{a leg}^a^l^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(3)]}

^attr^ib^u^t^ed^to^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^b^y^takⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^to^en^tity^{are redu}^{ced proportion}^a^tely^bas^e^d
^accouⁿ^t^{direct an}^{d in}^{direct ow}ⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^{p in}^on^t^h^{e ow}ⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^{p s}^h^ares^of^{a pers}^on^or
^{a leg}^a^{l en}^tity^{. P}^a^y^m^en^{ts m}^a^d^e^dⁱ^r^ectly^to^en^tity^th^{at ex}^ceed^{s th}^{e lim}^it.
^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^w^{ill b}^e^co^m^bⁱⁿ^ed^w^ith^th^e^[S^{ec. 1703(b)(3)]}
^pers^on^’^s^{pro rat}^a^s^h^{are of}^pay^m^en^t^s^t^o^a
^leg^a^{l en}^tity^{. P}^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^{a leg}^a^{l en}^tity
^s^h^{all n}^o^{t ex}^{ceed th}^{e lim}^its^abov^{e, an}^d
^sh^{all b}^e^attr^ib^u^t^ed^to^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{s w}^ith^an

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^o^wⁿ^e^r^s^hⁱ^pⁱⁿ^ter^e^{st. A}^ttr^ib^u^tioⁿ^o^f
^p^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^leg^a^{l en}^{tities sh}^{all b}^e^traced
^t^h^r^o^{ugh fo}^ur^l^e^ve^l^s^o^f^o^w^ne^r^s^hi^p
⁽^o^wⁿ^er^sh^ip^o^f^an^en^tity^b^y^{a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r
^an^o^t^h^e^r^en^tity⁾^.^I^f^af^ter^f^o^u^r^lev^e^{ls o}^f
^o^w^ne^r^s^hi^p^,^t^h^e^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^ha^{s no}^t^b^e^eⁿ
^{allocated to a n}^a^tu^{ral pers}^on^{, th}^{e pay}^m^en^t
^to^th^{e f}ⁱ^r^s^t-^lev^e^{l en}^tity^sh^{all b}^e^r^e^d^u^ced
^on^{a pro-}^rat^a^basⁱ^s^.^F^o^{r j}^oⁱⁿ^t^v^eⁿ^t^u^r^es^an^d
^ge^ne^r^a^l^p^a^r^t^ne^r^s^hi^p^s^,^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^sha^l^l^no^t
^ex^ceed^th^{e m}^u^ltip^{le o}^f^th^{e lim}^{its f}^o^{r th}^e
ⁿ^u^m^b^e^r^o^f^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{s an}^d^leg^a^{l en}^tities
^c^o^m^p^rⁱ^si^{ng t}^h^e^j^oⁱⁿ^t^ve^nt^ur^e^o^r^ge^ne^r^a^l
^partⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^p.^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(2)]}
^y^m^en^{ts to}^mⁱⁿ^o^r^ch^ild^r^eⁿ^g^eⁿ^e^r^a^lly^ar^e^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^p^r^io^r^law^r^u^{les f}^o^r^mⁱⁿ^o^r^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[Sec.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^rⁱ^b^u^t^{ed t}^o^paren^t^s^;^m^a^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^coops^are^chⁱ^l^d^ren^,^m^a^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^cooperatⁱ^v^es^{, t}^r^u^s^t^s^[S^{ec. 1703(b)(3)]}^1603(b)(3)]
^g/w^{t su}^b^j^{ect to}^th^{e lim}^{its; tr}^u^s^{ts an}^d^estates^an^{d es}^tates^,^an^{d cas}^h^ren^t^ten^aⁿ^t^s^.^[Sec.
^s^.or^alif^y^uⁿ^d^er^cer^tain^r^u^{les; cash}^r^eⁿ^t^1503(b)(2)]
^le^ak^nt^{s t}^h^a^t^m^a^ke^a^si^gni^fi^c^aⁿ^t^nt^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^b^u^t^no^t^o^f
^://wiki^o^r^an^d^eq^uⁱ^p^m^en^{t ar}^{e in}^elig^ib^le;^s^e^s^{are treated tog}^e^th^{er ex}^{cept u}ⁿ^d^er
^h^ttp^tain^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308(e)]
^d^p^o^{litical su}^b^dⁱ^vⁱ^sioⁿ^{s ar}^e^Mak^e^s^f^e^{deral ag}^en^cies^{, s}^t^ates^an^d^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept h}^a^sⁿ^o^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept replaces}
^e^{d to receiv}^e^pay^m^en^ts^uⁿ^d^{er th}^e^p^o^{litical su}^b^dⁱ^vⁱ^sioⁿ^{s in}^elig^ib^{le f}^o^rⁿ^e^w^ex^ception^f^o^{r s}^t^{ate an}^{d local}^{7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308(f⁾^wⁱ^t^hⁿ^e^w^parag^r^aph^(g⁾
^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^{. P}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{its d}^o^p^a^y^m^en^{ts, b}^u^{t ten}^aⁿ^t^{s o}ⁿ^su^ch^g^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^s^{to receiv}^e^pay^m^en^ts^to^th^{at allo}^w^s^{states an}^d^p^o^litical
^t^appl^y^t^o^l^aⁿ^d^owⁿ^e^{d by}^{a pu}^blⁱ^c^g^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^-^o^wⁿ^{ed lan}^d^m^a^y^receiv^e^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^{a p}^u^b^{lic sch}^o^o^l^{. Su}^ch^an^s^u^bdivⁱ^sⁱ^on^s^{to receiv}^e^pay^m^en^ts^to
^tity^to^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^{a p}^u^b^{lic sch}^o^o^l^.^pay^m^en^ts^{. A}ⁿ^ex^ception^allow^s^s^t^ates^an^d^ex^em^p^tioⁿ^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^{s in}^p^r^io^r^law^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^{a p}^u^b^{lic sch}^o^o^l^{. A}^sep^a^r^a^te
^.^S^.^C^.^1308(f)]^p^o^{litical su}^b^dⁱ^vⁱ^sioⁿ^{s to}^receiv^e^p^a^y^m^en^ts^{(7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308(f⁾^{), w}^hⁱ^c^hⁱ^s^redesⁱ^gⁿ^a^t^e^d^pay^m^en^t^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^of^{$500,000 on}^t^o^t^a^l^di^rect^,
^to^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^{a p}^u^b^{lic sch}^o^o^l^{, b}^u^{t p}^a^y^m^en^t^as^s^u^bparag^r^aph^(g^).^[S^{ec. 1703(b)(3)]}^couⁿ^t^{er cy}^{clical, an}^{d A}^C^R^E^pay^m^en^ts
^lim^{its ap}^p^l^y^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(2)]}^{. How}^e^v^e^r,^applies^{to each}^s^t^{ate, ex}^{cept f}^o^{r s}^t^ates
^exⁱ^s^tⁱⁿ^g^l^a^w^{(7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308(f^{)) rem}^aⁱⁿ^s^w^ith^les^s^th^an^{1.5 m}^illion^popu^lation^.
ⁱⁿ^ef^f^{ect, w}^h^ich^ex^em^pts^s^t^ates^an^d^[S^{ec. 1603(b)(3)]}
^p^o^{litical su}^b^dⁱ^vⁱ^sioⁿ^{s f}^r^o^m^p^a^y^m^en^t
^lim^{its to}^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^{a p}^u^b^{lic sch}^o^o^l^.
^ti^{ty ru}^l^e^:ⁿ^o^pers^on^m^a^y^receiv^e^Rep^{eals th}^{e 3}^-^en^tity^r^u^{le. Req}^u^ir^es^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1703(c)]}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1603(c)]}

^y^m^en^{ts f}^r^o^m^m^o^r^e^th^an^th^r^{ee en}^{tities in}ⁿ^o^tif^icatioⁿ^to^USDA^{, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^gⁿ^a^m^e^s
^ich^th^{e p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^h^o^ld^{s su}^b^s^tan^tial^an^{d s}^o^{cial s}^ecu^rityⁿ^u^m^{ber or tax}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^e^fⁱ^{cial in}^teres^t^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308-1(a)]^id^en^tif^icatioⁿⁿ^u^m^b^e^r^.^[S^{ec. 1503(c)]}
^u^ir^{es a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^en^tity^to^b^e^activ^ely^C^oⁿ^tⁱⁿ^u^e^s^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^an^{d adds}^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1703(d)]}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1603(d)}
^ge^dⁱⁿ^fa^r^mⁱ^{ng b}^a^se^d^oⁿ^an^ex^ception^th^{at if}^on^{e s}^pou^s^e^is
^t^ri^bu^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^l^aⁿ^d^{, l}^a^{bor, equ}ⁱ^pm^en^t^,^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^to^b^e^activ^ely^en^g^a^g^e^d^,^th^e
^{d m}^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^{, an}^{d requ}ⁱ^r^es^profⁱ^t^s^be^ot^h^e^{r s}^pou^s^e^s^h^al^l^{be det}^e^rmⁱⁿ^{ed t}^o^m^eet
^m^eⁿ^s^u^r^{ate an}^{d at ris}^k^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^requⁱ^r^em^en^t^s^of^pers^on^al^l^a^{bor or act}ⁱ^v^e
^p^e^r^s^oⁿ^a^l^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^.^[S^{ec. 1503(d)]}
^u^a^lif^{ies a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^f^r^o^m^p^a^y^m^en^{ts in}^Disq^u^a^lif^{ies a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^o^r^en^tity^f^o^r^{a 2}^-⁵^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept adds}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1603(e)]}
^{ear i}^f^t^h^{e pers}^on^adopt^{ed a}^y^{ear peri}^{od f}^o^{r ev}^asⁱ^oⁿ^of^pay^m^en^t^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^j^oⁱⁿ^{t an}^d^sev^e^r^a^{l liab}^ility^f^o^r^m^e^m^b^er^{s o}^f
^h^e^m^e^{or dev}ⁱ^{ce to ev}^{ade pay}^m^en^t^ru^l^e^s^.^Ben^e^fⁱ^t^s^denⁱ^{ed on}^{a pro-}^rat^a^basⁱ^s^an^en^tity^r^e^g^a^r^dⁱⁿ^g^am^o^uⁿ^t^{s p}^a^y^a^b^l^{e to}
^its.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308-2]^accordin^g^{to ow}ⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^p.^USDA^{, an}^d^au^th^o^r^ity^f^o^{r USDA}^to
^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(2)]}^r^e^{lease a p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^f^r^o^m^liab^ility^if^th^ey
^cooperat^e^.^[S^{ec. 1703(e)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^P^r^io^r^law^sh^{all ap}^p^l^y^to^p^a^y^m^en^{ts m}^a^d^e^f^o^{r t}^h^{e 2007 crop y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 1503(e)]}^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1703(g)]}^P^r^io^r^law^sh^{all ap}^p^l^y^to^p^a^y^m^en^{ts m}^a^d^e^f^o^{r t}^h^{e 2007 an}^{d 2008 crop y}^ears^.^[Sec.
^g/w^1603(h⁾^]
^s^.or
^le^ak^u^st^e^d^Gr^o^{ss Inc}^o^m^e^Limⁱ^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ
^://wiki^fⁱ^r^m^cap⁽^a^cap^w^ith^o^u^{t ex}^cep^tioⁿ^s⁾^.^{Sets a f}ⁱ^r^m^A^G^I^cap^o^f^$¹^m^illioⁿ⁽ⁿ^o^No^fⁱ^r^m^cap^.^D^iv^id^{es A}^G^Iⁱⁿ^to^tw^o^p^a^r^t^{s: f}^a^r^m^A^G^I
^h^ttp^ex^ception^s^{) to be e}^lig^{ible to receiv}^e^an^{d n}^oⁿ^-^f^a^rm^A^G^{I; both}^{are av}^erag^es
^{direct an}^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^ts^,^ov^{er a 3 y}^{ear peri}^od.
^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^{s o}^r^L^D^P^s^{, an}^d^—^S^e^t^s^{a f}ⁱ^rm^{cap of}^{$500,000 n}^oⁿ^-
^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its. A}^p^p^{lies th}^r^o^u^g^h^f^a^rm^A^G^{I to receiv}^e^an^y
^t^h^{e 2012 crop y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 1504(b)(1)]}^com^m^odi^t^y^prog^ram^ben^e^fⁱ^t^s^,
^MIL^C^{, n}^oⁿⁱⁿ^s^u^r^{ed crop as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce,
^{or di}^s^a^s^t^{er pay}^m^en^t^s^.
^—^S^e^t^s^{a f}ⁱ^rm^{cap of}^{$750,000 f}^a^rm
^A^G^{I to receiv}^e^{direct pay}^m^en^ts
^(bu^t^couⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical, A}^C^R^E^an^d
^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its m}^a^y
^con^tin^u^e^if^f^a^rm^A^G^{I ex}^ceeds
^$750,000).^[S^{ec. 1604(a)]}
^f^t^cap^o^f^$²^.⁵^m^illioⁿ^A^d^j^u^sted^S^e^t^s^{a s}^o^f^t^A^G^{I cap of}^{$500,000, u}ⁿ^l^es^s^{Sets a g}^r^ad^u^a^lly^-^d^eclinⁱⁿ^g^so^f^t^A^G^I^cap^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.

^o^{ss I}ⁿ^co^m^e^Lⁱ^m^itatioⁿ⁽^A^GI⁾^o^v^er^{a 3}^-^{66.66% of}^th^{e 3-}^y^{ear av}^erag^{e A}^G^{I is}^f^o^{r direct pay}^m^en^ts^{, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical
^av^er^ag^{e f}^o^rⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als o}^r^en^{tities to}^d^e^rⁱ^ve^d^fr^o^m^fa^r^mⁱ^ng,^r^a^nc^hi^ng,^o^r^p^a^y^m^en^{ts, an}^d^m^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^g^aⁱⁿ^{s o}^r
^{ible to receiv}^e^prog^ram^pay^m^en^ts^.^fo^r^e^st^r^y^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^ns.^A^p^p^lⁱ^e^{s t}^h^r^o^{ugh t}^h^e^L^D^Ps^{, u}ⁿ^l^es^s^66.66%^of^t^h^{e 3-}^y^ear

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^m^{it m}^a^y^{be ex}^{ceeded if}^{at leas}^{t 75% of}^{2012 crop y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 1504(b)(1)]}^av^erag^{e A}^G^{I is}^deriv^e^{d f}^r^om^f^a^rmⁱⁿ^g^,
^G^{I i}^s^deri^v^e^{d f}^r^om^f^a^rmⁱⁿ^g^,^r^a^nc^hi^ng,^o^r^fo^r^e^st^r^y^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^ns:
^hi^ng,^o^r^fo^r^e^st^r^y^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^ns.^A^p^p^lⁱ^e^s^{— $2.5 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{crop y}^{ear 2008,}
^m^en^ts^{, cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^{— $1 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{2009, an}^d
^y^m^en^{ts, m}^a^r^k^etin^g^lo^an^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its, an}^d^—^{$750,000 i}ⁿ^2010-²⁰¹²
ⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^p^a^y^m^en^{ts f}^o^r^th^e^[S^{ec. 1704(c)]}
^{07 crop y}^ears^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308-3a]
^{I cap f}^o^{r con}^s^erv^a^tion^prog^ram^s^s^a^m^e^A^G^{I cap f}^o^{r con}^s^erv^a^tion^prog^ram^s^s^a^m^e^Fo^r^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^,^c^o^ntⁱ^nue^s^Fo^r^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^,^se^t^s^a^so^ft
^f^o^{r com}^m^odi^t^y^prog^ram^s^.^as^f^o^{r com}^m^odi^t^y^prog^ram^s^.^p^r^io^r^law^lev^e^{l o}^f^$²^.⁵^m^illioⁿ^A^G^I^,^w^ith^cap^o^f^$¹^m^illioⁿⁿ^oⁿ^-^f^a^r^m^A^G^I^,^uⁿ^l^ess
^ex^ceptⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r 75%}^of^A^G^{I deri}^v^e^{d f}^r^om^m^o^{re t}^h^an^66.66%^of^A^G^{I i}^s^f^a^rm^A^G^I.
^fa^r^mⁱ^ng,^r^a^nc^hi^{ng o}^r^fo^r^e^st^r^y^.^[Sec.^P^r^o^v^id^{es USDA}^dⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^to^w^a^iv^{e th}^e
^1704(c)]^lim^{it f}^o^r^“^eⁿ^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^en^tally^sen^s^itiv^{e lan}^d
^of^s^p^{ecial s}ⁱ^gⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^ce.”^[S^{ec. 1604(a)]}
^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{es ty}^p^e^{s o}^fⁱⁿ^co^m^e^as^Defⁱⁿ^e^{s cer}^tain^ty^p^e^{s o}^fⁱⁿ^co^m^e^as^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept does}^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te prov}^is^ion^,^w^ith^addition^a^l
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^rⁱ^ve^d^fr^o^m^fa^r^mⁱ^ng,^r^a^nc^hi^{ng o}^r^fa^r^mⁱ^ng,^r^a^nc^hi^{ng o}^r^fo^r^e^st^r^y^.^Iⁿ^c^l^ud^e^sⁿ^o^{t lim}^{it sale o}^f^eq^uⁱ^p^m^en^{t to}ⁿ^oⁿ^-^d^ealer^s^an^{d ex}^pan^s^ion^f^o^{r th}^{e in}^clu^s^ion^of
^g/w^res^t^ryⁱⁿ^com^e^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308-^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^of^crops^{, l}ⁱ^v^es^t^o^ck^{or raw}^f^o^res^t^ry^produ^ct^s^;^s^a^l^e^of^l^aⁿ^d^{or ri}^g^h^t^s^;^an^{d does}ⁿ^o^{t ref}^e^ren^{ce depreciable}^equⁱ^pm^en^{t; in}^clu^d^esⁱⁿ^com^e^f^r^om^w^a^ter^liv^esto^ck^{, in}^su^r^aⁿ^{ce in}^d^e^mⁿ^ities.^Sp^ecifⁱ^{es th}^{at sale o}^fⁱⁿ^p^u^{ts to}^f^a^r^m^er^s
^s^.or^s^a^{le of}^equⁱ^pm^en^{t bu}^{t n}^o^{t as}^{a dealer;}^o^r^huntⁱ^{ng r}ⁱ^ght^s;ⁱⁿ^c^l^ud^e^s^p^a^c^kⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^can^{be i}ⁿ^cl^u^d^{ed i}^f^m^o^{re t}^h^an^66.66%^of
^le^ak^r^eⁿ^t^{al o}^f^lan^d^{; su}^p^p^l^yⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^p^u^{ts an}^d^s^h^eddiⁿ^gⁱⁿ^proces^sⁱⁿ^g^an^{d s}^t^oriⁿ^g^;^an^dⁱⁿ^co^m^e^{is f}^r^o^m^f^a^r^mⁱⁿ^g^.^Gen^e^r^a^lly^{, n}^o^t
^://wiki^se^r^v^ic^e^s^to^fa^r^m^e^r^{s; p}^r^o^c^e^ssing,^sto^r^ing^an^{d t}^r^an^s^portⁱⁿ^g^ag^ri^cu^l^t^u^ral^produ^ct^s^.ⁱⁿ^c^l^ud^e^s^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^fr^o^m^com^m^odity^an^{d con}^s^erv^a^tion^prog^ram^s^.^{to ex}^clu^d^{e an}^y^t^hⁱⁿ^g^{reported on}^IR^S^Sched^u^{le F.}^[S^{ec. 1604(a)]}
^h^ttp^[S^{ec. 1503(b)(3)]}^[S^{ec. 1704(c)]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^llo^w^s^th^{e allo}^catioⁿ^o^f^A^G^I^am^oⁿ^g^th^e^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[Sec.
ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als f}^ilin^g^{a j}^oⁱⁿ^{t tax}^r^e^tu^rⁿ^{, u}ⁿ^d^er^1604(a)]
^cer^tain^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^.^[S^{ec. 1704(b)]}
^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^rati^{ve Provi}^sⁱ^on^s
^th^o^r^{izes u}^s^{e o}^f^f^uⁿ^d^{s, f}^{acilities, an}^d^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1501]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1701(a)-(d)]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1601(a)-(d)]}

^th^o^r^{ities o}^f^th^{e Co}^m^m^o^d^ity^Cr^ed^it
^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ⁽^C^CC)^to^car^r^y^o^u^{t T}^{itle I}^.
^mⁱⁿ^atioⁿ^s^b^y^USDA^sh^{all b}^e^fⁱⁿ^a^l.
^l^o^w^s^p^r^o^m^ul^ga^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^r^e^gul^a^tⁱ^o^ns,^aⁿ^d
^j^u^stin^g^ex^p^eⁿ^d^itu^{res if}^th^ey^w^{ill ex}^ceed
^o^w^a^bl^{e s}^u^pport^l^e^v^e^l^s^uⁿ^d^{er t}^h^e
^ugua^y^Ro^und^A^g^r^e^e^m^eⁿ^t^s^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^v^aⁿ^{ced direct an}^{d cou}ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^lical^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^S^a^m^e^as^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^applⁱ^e^{d t}^o^t^h^{e 2008}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1601(e)]}
^m^en^ts^{are tax}^a^{ble in}^th^{e y}^{ear receiv}^e^d^f^a^r^m^b^ill.^[S^{ec. 1701(e)]}
^e^{r th}^an^w^h^en^produ^{cer h}^a^s^option^to
^e^pay^m^en^t).^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7991(d)]
^s^p^en^ds^t^h^{e perm}^an^en^t^pri^{ce s}^u^pport^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^,^ex^cep^{t ap}^p^{lies to}^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^,^ex^{cept does}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1602]}
^th^o^r^ity^o^f^th^{e A}^g^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l A}^d^j^u^stm^eⁿ^t^2008-^{2012 crop y}^ears^,^an^{d m}ⁱ^l^k^t^h^rou^g^h^no^t^m^e^ntⁱ^o^{n p}^e^a^nut^{s i}ⁿ^p^a^r^a^gr^a^p^{h (}^a⁾^.
^t^of^{1938 an}^{d t}^h^{e A}^g^ri^cu^l^t^u^ral^Decem^{ber 31, 2012.}^[S^{ec. 1502]}^[S^{ec. 1702]}
^j^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^A^c^t^of^{1949 f}^o^{r t}^h^{e 2002-}⁰⁷
^p^s⁽^c^o^v^er^ed^co^m^m^o^d^{ities, p}^ean^u^t^s,
^d^suga^r⁾^,^aⁿ^d^fo^r^mⁱ^l^k^t^h^r^o^ugh
^{ber 31, 2007.}^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7992]
^em^p^t^{s p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s f}^r^o^m^liab^ility^f^o^r^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1506]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1709]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1606]}
^defⁱ^cien^ciesⁱⁿ^{collateral to s}^ecu^re
^yⁿ^oⁿ^r^ecou^r^s^e^loan^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7284]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^th^orizes^th^{e u}^s^{e of}^com^m^odity^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1507]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1710]}^Sam^e^as^{prior law}^,^ex^{cept term}ⁱⁿ^ates
^g/w^tif^{icates, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^to^r^e^p^a^y^m^a^r^k^etin^g^au^th^o^r^ity^to^u^s^{e co}^m^m^o^d^ity^cer^tif^{icates to}
^s^.or^s.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7286]^repay^l^o^an^s^af^t^e^{r t}^h^{e 2009 crop y}^ear.
^le^ak^[S^{ec. 1607]}
^://wiki^qu^ires^th^{at as}^sⁱ^gⁿ^m^en^{t of}^pay^m^en^ts^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1508]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1711]}^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1608]}
^h^ttp^s^t^{be don}^{e in}^accordan^{ce w}^ith^USDA
^a^tⁱ^o^ns.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7995]
^quⁱ^r^es^t^r^ackⁱⁿ^g^of^prog^ram^ben^e^fⁱ^t^s^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1509]}^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Sam^e^{as p}^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1609]}
^d^er^co^m^m^o^d^ity^an^d^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^titles
^{e m}^a^d^e^dⁱ^r^ectly^o^rⁱⁿ^dⁱ^r^ectly^to
ⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{als an}^d^en^tities.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7997]
^o^h^ib^{its p}^u^b^licatioⁿ^o^f^co^ttoⁿ^p^r^ice^Strⁱ^k^e^{s th}^{e p}^r^io^r^law^p^r^o^h^ib^itioⁿ^oⁿ^th^e^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1714]}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e an}^{d S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^recas^tsⁱⁿ^an^y^g^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^{al report, or}^pu^blication^of^cotton^{price f}^o^recas^ts^.^[S^{ec. 1610]}
^lletin^.^{[12 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1141j^]^[S^{ec. 1511]}
^s^pay^m^en^ts^{to es}^tates^of^deceas^ed^R^e^qu^ires^reports^{to C}^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^of^deceas^ed^P^r^o^h^ib^{its an}^y^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l p}^a^y^m^en^{t to}^an^y^G^eⁿ^e^ral^l^y^adopt^s^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^{e approach}^.
^m^e^r^s^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1308(e)(2)(B⁾⁽ⁱⁱ⁾^]^{, bu}^t^pers^on^s^th^{at receiv}^e^{d pay}^m^en^ts^f^o^{r m}^o^re^deceas^{ed in}^divⁱ^du^{al or es}^{tate af}^{ter tw}^o^Req^u^ir^{es r}^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^s^th^{at d}^e^scrⁱ^b^e^th^e
^o^u^{t r}^e^f^e^r^eⁿ^{ce to}^{a tim}^{e p}^e^rⁱ^o^d^.^th^an^tw^{o crop y}^ears^f^o^llowⁱⁿ^g^death^.^prog^ram^y^ears^af^{ter th}^{e date of}^death^.^circu^m^s^t^an^ces^allowⁱⁿ^g^pay^m^en^ts^{to a}
^r^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^s^estab^lish^{a 2}^-^y^ear^Estab^lish^e^{s d}^ead^lin^{es f}^o^rⁿ^o^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f^Re^q^uⁱ^r^e^a^nnua^l^r^e^p^o^r^t^s^t^o^Co^ngr^e^{ss o}ⁿ^d^eceased^p^e^rsoⁿ^to^{settle an}^d^{estate, an}^d
^rⁱ^o^d^f^o^r^{estates to}^q^u^alif^y^.^[⁷^C.^F.^R.^death^,^an^{d den}ⁱ^es^pay^m^en^ts^an^{d recou}^p^t^h^{e n}^u^m^{ber an}^{d am}^ouⁿ^t^of^pay^m^en^t^s^t^o^to^sto^p^p^a^y^m^en^{ts f}^o^r^th^o^s^{e in}^elig^ib^le.
^lo^{sses f}^o^r^f^a^ilu^r^e^to^co^m^p^ly^{. Reco}ⁿ^c^ile^deceas^{ed in}^divⁱ^du^als^an^{d th}^{e len}^g^t^h^of^Recoⁿ^c^{ile tax}^id^en^tif^icatioⁿⁿ^u^m^b^e^r^s^w^ith

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^tax^id^en^tif^icatioⁿⁿ^u^m^b^e^r^s^w^ith^Iⁿ^terⁿ^al^tim^{e th}^{e estate h}^a^{s b}^een^o^p^eⁿ^.^[Sec.^I^R^{S d}^a^{ta tw}^{ice a y}^ear^to^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{e liv}ⁱⁿ^g
^R^e^v^eⁿ^u^e^Serv^{ice (IR}^S^{) data tw}^{ice a y}^ear^11073]^sta^t^us.^[S^{ec. 1611]}
^to^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{e liv}ⁱⁿ^g^statu^s^.^[S^{ec. 1512]}
^ov^{ide in}^cen^tiv^{e pay}^m^en^ts^{to produ}^cers^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^P^r^o^v^id^esⁱⁿ^cen^tiv^{e pay}^m^en^ts^{to produ}^cers^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^ex^cept
^h^a^r^d^w^h^{ite w}^h^{eat o}ⁿ^u^p^to²^m^illioⁿ^of^h^a^{rd w}^hⁱ^t^e^w^h^eat^of^at^l^eas^t^$20¢^/^b^u^.^au^th^o^r^{izes d}ⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s
^r^e^s^.^T^o^t^a^l^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng o}^f^$²⁰^an^d^{at least $}²^/^acr^{e o}ⁿ^u^p^to²^.⁹^m^illioⁿ^r^a^t^h^e^r^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^ng.^[S^{ec. 1612]}
^f^o^{r th}^{e 2003-}^{2005 crop y}^ears^.^acres^{. Man}^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$35 m}^illion
^.^S^.^C^.^7999]^f^o^{r t}^h^{e 2008-}^{12 crop y}^ears^.^[S^{ec. 1706]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^u^th^o^r^{izes co}^m^p^en^satioⁿ^u^p^to⁵⁰^%^o^f^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1613]}
^t^h^e^c^o^st^o^f^fungi^cⁱ^d^e^{s t}^o^c^o^nt^r^o^l^w^h^e^a^t
^s^{cab in}^du^ru^m^w^h^{eat. A}^u^th^{orize $10}
^m^illion^{per y}^{ear f}^o^{r FY2008-}^{12, s}^u^bj^ect
^to^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1707]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^o^v^id^{es f}^a^r^m^sto^r^ag^{e f}^acility^lo^an^{s u}ⁿ^d^er^D^A^r^e^gul^a^tⁱ^o^{ns vi}^a^t^h^e^ge^ne^r^a^l^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^e^{s a sto}^r^ag^{e f}^acility^lo^an^prog^ram^f^o^{r produ}^cers^of^g^r^aiⁿ^s^,^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^to^secu^r^ity^an^d^lien
^g/w^th^o^r^{ities o}^f^th^{e CCC. Fo}^r^co^m^m^o^d^ities^oi^l^s^eeds^,^pu^l^s^{e crops}^{, h}^a^y^,^ren^e^w^a^bl^e^requ^irem^en^ts^.^[S^{ec. 1614]}
^s^.or^r^t^h^aⁿ^suga^r^,^m^a^xi^m^u^m^t^e^r^m^o^f^l^o^aⁿ^bⁱ^o^m^{ass, an}^d^o^t^h^e^r^sto^r^ab^{le co}^m^m^o^d^ities
^le^ak^ears^an^{d $100,000 per borrow}^e^r.^[7⁽^o^t^h^e^r^t^h^aⁿ^suga^r⁾^t^o^c^o^nst^r^uc^t^o^r^up^gr^a^d^e
^://wiki^F^.^R^.^1436]^sto^r^ag^{e an}^d^h^aⁿ^d^lin^g^f^{acilities. P}^r^o^v^id^es^f^o^{r 12-}^y^{ear t}^e^rm^s^an^{d $500,000}
^h^ttp^m^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^loan^s^,^as^w^e^{ll as}^s^ecu^rity^an^d
^elig^ib^ility^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^ts.^[S^{ec. 1708]}
^th^orizes^cotton^clas^sⁱ^fⁱ^cation^s^e^rv^ices^Revⁱ^{ses th}^{e au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^f^o^r^co^ttoⁿ^Revⁱ^{ses th}^{e au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^f^o^r^co^ttoⁿ^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^{ailable to produ}^cers^of^cotton^,^an^d^c^l^a^ssi^fi^c^a^tⁱ^o^{n se}^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012 t}^o^clas^sⁱ^fⁱ^cation^s^e^rv^ices^f^o^{r an}ⁱⁿ^defⁱⁿ^ite^m^odi^fⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 14201]}
^{r th}^{e collection}^of^f^ees^an^dⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e leas}ⁱⁿ^g^of^property^ex^ceedin^g⁵^tim^{e p}^e^rⁱ^o^d^,ⁱⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^coⁿ^s^u^ltatioⁿ^w^ith
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^t^o^pay^f^o^{r s}^u^ch^s^e^rvⁱ^ces^.^y^ears^.^[S^{ec. 11302]}^t^h^e^c^o^t^t^o^{n i}ⁿ^d^u^st^r^y^,ⁱ^nve^st^m^e^nt^o^f^fund^s,
^.^S^.^C^.^473a]^an^{d l}^oⁿ^g^t^e^rm^l^eas^{e of}^propert^y^.
^P^r^o^v^id^{es au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^f^o^r^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^.
^[S^{ec. 1712]}
ⁱⁿ^e^s^cotton^-^produ^cin^g^s^t^{ate, f}^o^r^Revⁱ^{ses d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^co^ttoⁿ^-^p^r^o^d^u^cin^g^Sam^e^as^Hou^s^{e prov}^is^ion^.^[S^{ec. 1713]}^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[Sec.
^rpos^es^of^{a cotton}^res^earch^an^d^{state to}^ex^p^licitlyⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e Kan}^s^as,^14202]
^o^m^o^tⁱ^o^n,^usi^{ng a}^hi^st^o^rⁱ^c^a^l^m^e^a^s^ur^e^o^f^Vir^gⁱⁿ^{ia, an}^d^Flo^r^id^{a b}^e^gⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^w^ith^th^e
^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^2116(f)]^{2008 crop.}^[S^{ec. 11301]}
^s^t^ru^cts^USDA^{to appoin}^t^com^m^ittees^of^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{For co}^m^bⁱⁿ^{ed or con}^s^{olidated area}^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^ersⁱⁿ^{a f}^a^{ir an}^{d repres}^en^tativ^e^com^m^ittees^{, requ}^ires^3-^{11 m}^e^m^b^ers^th^at^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^f^o^r^USDA^to^d^e^v^e^lo^p

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^nne^r^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^590h^(b)(5)(B⁾⁽ⁱⁱ⁾^]^{are repres}^en^tativ^{e of}^th^{e area an}^{d elected,}^procedu^r^es^{to m}^aⁱⁿ^repres^en^tation^of
^an^{d en}^s^u^res^repres^en^tation^of^s^o^cially^s^o^cially^dis^a^dv^an^tag^e^{d f}^a^rm^ers^.^[Sec.
^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d f}^a^rm^ers^.^[S^{ec. 1715]}^1615]
^th^orizes^USDA^{to collect com}^m^odity^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^P^r^o^h^ib^its^USDA^f^r^om^ch^argⁱⁿ^g^f^ees^f^o^r^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1616]}
^s^e^s^s^m^en^ts^f^r^om^proceeds^of^m^a^rk^etin^g^th^{e co}^llectioⁿ^o^f^co^m^m^o^d^ity^assessm^en^ts
ⁿ^c^e^lo^aⁿ^s,^{if a}^sse^ssm^eⁿ^{t is r}^e^q^u^ir^e^dⁱⁿ^its^ag^reem^en^{t w}^ith^th^{e State.}^[Sec.
^d^{er s}^t^{ate law}^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7416a]^1716]
^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^No^com^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^R^e^qu^ires^th^{at, if}^USDA^approv^es^a^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^d^o^c^um^eⁿ^t^c^o^nt^aⁱⁿⁱ^{ng si}^gna^t^u^r^e^{s o}^f^m^odi^fⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1617]}
^ap^p^lican^{ts, it sh}^{all n}^o^{t su}^b^s^eq^u^eⁿ^tly
^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{e th}^{e d}^o^c^u^m^en^{t to}^b^eⁱⁿ^ad^eq^u^a^te
^o^rⁱⁿ^v^a^lid^.^[S^{ec. 1717]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^m^o^d^e^rⁿ^{ize th}^{e Far}^m^R^e^quⁱ^r^es^{a report}^by^an^ou^t^sⁱ^d^{e part}^y^t^h^at
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^Serv^{ice A}^g^en^cyⁱⁿ^f^o^rm^ation^techⁿ^o^log^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^{to en}^s^u^{re tim}^ely^an^{d ef}^fⁱ^cien^t^des^c^ri^bes^U^S^D^A^’^s^t^echⁿ^o^l^o^g^y^probl^em^s^an^{d a plan}^{to im}^prov^{e s}^e^rv^ice.^[Sec.
^g/w^prog^ram^delⁱ^v^ery^.^[S^{ec. 1718]}^1618]
^s^.or
^le^ak^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^coⁿ^s^o^lid^{ate g}^e^o^s^p^a^tial^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^d^a^ta^b^a^se^sy^ste^m^{s into}^a^single^sy^ste^m^tha^t^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^to^lim^{it d}ⁱ^sclo^su^r^e^o^f
^://wiki^{is r}^ead^ily^av^ailab^l^{e to}^{all ag}^en^{cies w}^ithⁱⁿⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1619]}
^h^ttp^tw^{o y}^ears^of^en^actm^eⁿ^t^.^[S^{ec. 1719]}
^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^No^com^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^A^llow^s^th^{e C}^C^C^{to leas}^{e s}^p^{ace f}^o^{r USDA}^R^e^qu^ires^{a report on}^th^{e cos}^t^of^leasⁱⁿ^g
^ag^en^cies^if^th^{e s}^p^{ace is}^j^oⁱⁿ^tly^occu^pied^procedu^r^es^of^th^{e Gen}^e^{ral Serv}^ices
^by^th^{e ag}^en^cies^.^[S^{ec. 1720]}^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ration^com^p^{ared to USDA}^.^[Sec.
^1620]
^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^P^r^o^v^id^es^pay^m^en^ts^{to “}^g^eog^r^aphⁱ^cally^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h
^dis^a^dv^an^tag^e^{d f}^a^rm^ers^”ⁱⁿⁱⁿ^s^u^{lar areas}^,^m^odi^fⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1621]}

^A^l^ask^a^{, an}^d^Haw^a^{ii f}^o^r^tr^an^sp^o^r^tin^g^a
^co^m^m^o^d^ity^o^rⁱⁿ^p^u^{t m}^o^r^e^th^an³⁰^m^iles.
^R^eⁱ^m^bu^rs^em^en^t^bas^e^{d on}^f^e^deral^s^a^l^a^ry
^dⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^{tials d}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^d^elsew^h^er^{e, w}^ith
^m^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^of^25%^t^r^an^s^port^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^cos^t^.
^A^u^th^orizes^{$15 m}^illion^of^dis^c^retion^a^ry
^a^p^p^r^o^p^rⁱ^a^tⁱ^o^{ns a}^nnua^l^l^y^.^[S^{ec. 6021]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^No^com^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^P^r^ov^ides^{$50 m}^illion^of^m^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^d^s
^f^r^o^m^th^{e CCC to}^im^p^l^em^en^{t T}^{itle I}^.^[Sec.
^1622]
^lish^e^{s a “}^C^o^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^oⁿ^th^e^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^R^e^peals^th^{e au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^f^o^r^th^{e p}^a^y^m^en^t^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^en^dm^en^t^t^o^repeal
^p^licatioⁿ^o^f^P^a^y^m^en^{t L}ⁱ^m^itatioⁿ^s^f^o^r^lim^{its co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1721(a)]}^th^{e com}^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^.^[S^{ec. 1623(a)]}
^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^.”^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7993]
^th^orizes^m^a^rk^{et los}^s^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce an}^d^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^R^e^peals^m^a^rk^{et los}^s^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce an}^{d oth}^e^r^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^en^dm^en^t^t^o^repeal
^e^{r em}^erg^eⁿ^c^y^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to pers}^on^s^em^erg^eⁿ^c^y^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to pers}^on^s^th^at^th^{e con}^tin^u^e^{d as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce.^[S^{ec. 1623(b)]}
^e^{re elig}^{ible to receiv}^e^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^f^a^{iled to receiv}^e^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce u}ⁿ^d^{er earlier}
^{t did n}^o^{t receiv}^e^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce bef}^o^{re a}^au^th^o^r^ities.^[S^{ec. 1721(b)]}
^tain^d^a^te.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^8000]
^(T^I^TLE^I)
^iry^P^r^{ice Suppo}^rt^P^r^o^g^r^a^m
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}
^g/w^d^at^ory^s^u^pport^f^o^{r f}^a^rm^pri^{ce of}^mⁱ^l^k^Man^d^at^es^t^h^{e di}^rect^s^u^pport^of^ch^ees^e,^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1501(b)]}
^s^.or⁹^.⁹⁰^p^e^r^hund^r^e^d^w^eⁱ^ght⁽^c^w^t^.⁾^.ⁿ^oⁿ^f^{at dry}^m^ilk^{, an}^{d bu}^{tter at s}^p^ecifⁱ^ed^[S^ecs^{. 1601(a)-(b)]}
^le^ak^og^ram^au^th^ority^ex^{pired on}^Decem^ber^p^r^{ices f}^o^r^fⁱ^{ve y}^ear^{s (}^t^hr^o^{ugh Decem}^b^e^r
^{t w}^a^s^ex^ten^d^{ed u}ⁿ^{til March}^{31, 2012). T}^hⁱ^sⁱ^s^{a ch}^an^g^e^f^r^om
^://wiki^P.L^.^110-^161.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^s^u^pportⁱⁿ^g^t^h^{e f}^a^rm^pri^{ce of}^mⁱ^l^k^.^[Secs^.
^h^ttp^1401(a)-(b)]
^rm^s^u^pport^pri^{ce of}^{$9.90 i}ⁿ^di^rect^l^y^Specifⁱ^es^mⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^pu^rch^a^s^e^prices^of^:^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1501(c)]}
ⁱⁿ^tain^ed^b^y^USDA^o^f^f^e^r^to^p^u^r^c^h^a^se^block^ch^ees^{e, $1.13/lb.; barrel ch}^ees^e,^[S^ecs^{. 1601(b)-(c)]}
^{tter, ch}^ees^{e, an}^{d n}^oⁿ^f^{at dry}^m^ilk^f^r^om^$1.10/^l^b^.;^bu^t^t^e^{r, $1.05/}^l^b^.;^an^{d n}^oⁿ^f^at
^s^o^rs^{at prices}^determⁱⁿ^{ed by}^d^r^y^m^ilk^{, $}⁰^.⁸⁰^/lb⁽^s^am^{e lev}^e^{ls cu}^r^r^en^tly
^th^{at allo}^w^b^u^y^e^r^s^to^p^a^y^f^a^r^m^er^s^u^s^{ed t}^o^s^u^pport^t^h^{e f}^a^rm^pri^{ce at}^$9.90
^eas^t^t^h^{e s}^u^pport^pri^ce.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^p^e^r^cw^t.)^A^llo^w^s^USDA^{sale o}^f^acq^uⁱ^r^e^d
^produ^cts^w^h^en^m^a^rk^{et prices}^ris^e^to
^110%^of^pu^rch^a^s^e^pri^ce.^[S^{ec. 1401(b)]}
^m^o^r^e^t^h^aⁿ^t^wⁱ^c^e^a^nnua^l^l^y^,^U^S^D^A^c^aⁿ^A^llo^w^s^r^e^d^u^ctioⁿ^o^f^m^aⁿ^d^ated^p^u^r^c^h^a^se^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1501(d)]}

^u^s^t^th^{e pu}^rch^a^s^e^prices^of^bu^{tter an}^d^p^r^{ices w}^h^en^USDA^acq^uⁱ^sitioⁿ^s^ex^ceed
ⁿ^f^{at dry}^m^ilk^(redu^{ce on}^{e an}^{d rais}^{e th}^e^s^p^ecifⁱ^{ed lev}^e^ls^.^[S^{ec. 1401(c)]}
^e^r⁾ⁱⁿ^o^r^d^e^r^to^mⁱⁿⁱ^mⁱ^{ze acq}^uⁱ^sitioⁿ^s^.
^.^S^.^C^.^7981d]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^ilk^Iⁿ^com^e^L^o^s^s^{Contract Paym}^ents
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill m}^aⁿ^d^{ated a n}^e^w^Ex^ten^d^{s th}^{e MI}^L^C^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^f^o^r^fⁱ^v^e^Iⁿ^c^r^e^a^s^e^s^,^t^h^r^o^{ugh A}^ugust³¹^,^{2012, t}^h^e^F^o^{r t}^h^{e peri}^{od O}^c^t^{ober 1, 2008 t}^h^rou^g^h
ⁿ^t^er-^c^y^c^{lical pay}^m^en^{t prog}^ram^,^th^e^y^e^a^r^s,^t^h^r^o^{ugh Se}^p^t^e^m^b^e^r³⁰^,^{2012, at}^t^h^e^pay^m^en^{t rate to 45%, an}^{d rais}^es^th^{e cap}^A^ugust³¹^,^2012,iⁿ^creas^es^t^h^{e pay}^m^en^t
^In^com^e^L^o^s^s^C^oⁿ^t^{ract (MIL}^C⁾^cu^rren^t^t^a^rg^et^pri^{ce of}^$16.94/^cw^t^.^oⁿ^e^lⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^a^nnua^l^p^r^o^d^u^c^tⁱ^o^{n t}^o⁴^.¹⁵^mⁱ^l^.^fa^c^t^o^r^t^o⁴⁵^%^,^aⁿ^d^t^h^e^a^nnua^l^e^lⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e
^o^g^r^a^m^.^W^h^eⁿ^t^h^e^m^o^nt^hl^y^fl^ui^d^mⁱ^l^k^P^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te r}^e^m^aⁱⁿ^{s at 3}⁴^%^o^f^an^y^lb^{s. p}^e^r^f^a^r^m^{. P}^a^y^m^en^{t r}^a^{te an}^d^pay^m^en^{t qu}^an^tity^{to 2.985 m}^illion
^{ce f}^a^l^l^s^bel^o^w^$16.94/^cw^t^{., al}^l^dai^r^y^defⁱ^cien^cy^betw^een^th^{e m}^a^rk^{et price an}^d^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^{cap w}^o^u^l^{d ret}^u^rn^t^o^34%^an^d^pouⁿ^d^s^.^A^f^{ter th}^{at, pay}^m^en^{t f}^{actor an}^d
^ers^{are paid an}^am^ouⁿ^t^equ^a^{l to 34%}^th^{e tar}^g^{et p}^r^{ice, an}^d^elig^ib^{le p}^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ²^.⁴^m^{il. lb}^{s. f}^o^r^th^{e last m}^oⁿ^t^h^o^f^p^a^y^m^en^{t q}^u^an^tity^r^e^v^e^r^t^to³⁴^%^an^d²^.⁴
^t^h^{e di}^f^f^e^ren^{ce bet}^w^een^{$16.94 an}^{d t}^h^e^con^tⁱⁿ^u^e^s^t^o^{be capped at}^{2.4 m}ⁱ^l^.^l^b^s^.^per^prog^ram^au^t^h^ori^t^yⁱⁿ^S^e^pt^em^{ber 2012.}^m^illion^pouⁿ^d^s^,^res^p^ectiv^ely^.^T^h^{e $16.94}
^e^{r m}^a^rk^{et price. P}^a^y^m^en^ts^{per f}^a^rm^f^a^rm^{per y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 1406]}^[S^{ec. 1602]}^{per cw}^{t. pay}^m^en^{t rate m}^u^s^t^{be adj}^u^s^t^{ed to}
^lim^ite^d^to²^.⁴^m^illio^{n lb}^s.^o^f^a^nnua^l^ref^l^{ect f}^{eed cos}^tⁱⁿ^creas^es^abov^{e trig}^g^e^r
^ctⁱ^oⁿ^.^MIL^C^au^t^h^ori^t^y^ex^pi^red^lev^e^{ls, as sp}^ecifⁱ^edⁱⁿ^th^{e f}ⁱⁿ^a^{l law}^.
^pt^{. 30, 2005, bu}^t^s^e^v^e^ral^s^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^t^[S^{ec. 1506]}
^t^e^nsi^o^{ns c}^o^ntⁱ^nueⁱ^t^t^h^r^o^{ugh M}^a^r^c^{h 1}⁵^,
^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^7982]
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}ⁱ^r^{y Forw}^ard^Pri^cⁱⁿ^{g Program}
^g/w^{e F}^Y^{2000 om}ⁿⁱ^bu^s^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^act^A^u^th^o^r^{izes a d}^a^ir^y^f^o^r^w^ar^d^p^r^icin^g^Sim^ilar⁽^b^u^tⁿ^o^{t id}^en^tical)^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^e^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1502]}
^s^.or^th^o^r^ized^{a p}^ilo^{t d}^a^ir^y^f^o^r^w^ar^d^p^r^icin^g^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^sim^ilar^to^th^{e p}^ilo^{t p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^o^f^b^ill.^[S^{ec. 1606]}
^le^ak^ramⁱ^m^pl^em^en^t^e^{d f}^r^om^mⁱ^d-²⁰⁰⁰^2000-^{2004. Pri}^{ce pai}^d^by^mⁱ^l^k^h^aⁿ^d^l^e^rs
^://wiki^{til its r}^e^q^u^ir^ed^ex^pⁱ^r^a^tioⁿ^d^a^{te o}^f^{ber 31, 2004. It ex}^em^pted^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{e con}^t^racts^ar^{e deem}^{ed to s}^a^tis^f^y^th^{e m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^{price requ}^irem^en^ts^of
^h^ttp^nd^l^e^r^s^fr^o^m^ha^vi^{ng t}^o^p^a^y^fa^r^m^e^r^{s t}^h^e^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l m}^ilk^m^a^r^k^etin^g^o^r^d^e^r^s^{. A}^p^p^lies
^h^en^th^{e f}^o^rw^ard^oⁿ^ly^to^m^ilk^p^u^r^c^h^a^sed^f^o^r^m^aⁿ^u^f^actu^r^ed
ⁿ^t^r^{act p}^r^{ice tu}^rⁿ^{s o}^u^{t to}^b^e^lo^w^e^r^.^produ^ct^s^(C^l^a^s^s^e^s^{II, III, an}^{d IV), an}^d
^.^S^.^C^.^627]^ex^clu^d^es^m^ilk^pu^rch^a^s^e^{d f}^o^{r f}^l^uⁱ^d
^coⁿ^s^u^m^p^tioⁿ⁽^C^{lass I}⁾^{. A}^llo^w^s^f^o^rⁿ^e^w
^con^t^racts^uⁿ^{til Septem}^{ber 30, 2012, bu}^t
ⁿ^o^con^t^{ract can}^ex^ten^d^bey^oⁿ^d
^S^e^pt^em^{ber 30, 2015.}^[S^{ec. 1402]}
ⁱ^r^{y E}^x^p^o^{rt I}ⁿ^cen^ti^{ve Program}
^ov^ides^cas^h^bon^u^s^pay^m^en^ts^{to U.S.}^E^x^tend^{s DE}^I^P^thr^o^{ugh Decem}^b^e^r³¹^,^E^x^tend^{s DE}^I^P^thr^o^{ugh Decem}^b^e^r³¹^,^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1503]}

^r^y^ex^port^e^rs^{, s}^u^bj^ect^t^o^Worl^{d T}^r^ade^{2012, w}ⁱ^t^h^{a ref}^e^ren^{ce t}^o^t^h^{e U}^r^ugua^y^2012.^[S^{ec. 1603(a)]}
^g^aⁿⁱ^zatioⁿ^o^b^lig^atioⁿ^s^to^lim^{it ex}^p^o^r^t^R^o^uⁿ^d^A^g^reem^en^ts^A^c^t.^[S^{ec. 1403]}
^sⁱ^dⁱ^e^s.^N^o^D^E^I^P^b^o^nuse^s^ha^ve^b^e^eⁿ
^{arded s}ⁱⁿ^{ce F}^Y^{2004. L}^e^gⁱ^s^l^atⁱ^v^e
^t^h^ori^t^y^ex^pi^res^March^{15, 2008.}
^t^e^nd^e^d^t^o^c^o^unt^e^r^fo^r^eⁱ^{gn (}^m^o^s^t^l^y^E^U⁾

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^ir^y^su^b^s^id^ies.^{[15 U}^.^S^.^C^.^713a-14(a)]
ⁱ^r^{y I}ⁿ^d^e^mⁿⁱ^t^{y Program}
^th^o^r^{izes p}^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^d^a^ir^y^f^a^r^m^er^s^Ex^ten^d^{s th}^{e Dair}^y^Iⁿ^d^e^mⁿ^ity^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^[S^{ec. 1603(b)]}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1505]}
^en^{a pu}^{blic reg}^u^l^atory^ag^en^cy^directs^f^t^hr^o^{ugh Decem}^b^e^r³¹^,^2012.^[S^{ec. 1405]}
^o^v^a^{l o}^f^th^eir^r^a^w^m^ilk^f^r^o^m^th^e
^rk^{et becau}^s^e^of^con^t^amⁱⁿ^ation^by
^sticid^{es, n}^u^c^lear^r^a^dⁱ^atioⁿ^o^r^f^a^llo^u^t^{, o}^r
ⁱ^{c s}^u^bs^tan^ces^an^{d oth}^e^{r ch}^em^ical
ⁱ^du^es^{. Ex}^pi^res^March^{15, 2008.}
^.^S^.^C^.^450l^]
ⁱ^r^{y Prom}^oti^oⁿ^an^d^R^e^s^e^arch^Program
^{e Dair}^y^P^r^o^d^u^cer^Stab^ilizatioⁿ^A^c^{t o}^f^Ex^t^eⁿ^d^s^prom^otⁱ^oⁿ^an^{d res}^earch^prog^ram^E^x^t^e^nd^{s p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh Se}^p^.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^t^o
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^t^h^ori^{zed a g}^eⁿ^e^ri^{c dai}^r^y^produ^ct^o^m^o^tioⁿ^,^r^e^sear^ch^{, an}^dⁿ^u^t^r^itioⁿ^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh Se}^p^.³⁰^,^{2012. A}^m^en^ds^t^h^{e 1983 A}^c^t^t^o^requⁱ^r^{e produ}^cersⁱⁿ^al^l^{30, 2012. D}^o^esⁿ^o^t^addres^s^t^h^{e i}^s^s^u^eⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^th^{e im}^p^o^r^{t assessm}^en^t.^r^e^d^u^{ce th}^{e assessm}^en^{t r}^a^{te o}ⁿ^im^p^o^r^ted^produ^ct^s^t^o^7.5¢^/^c^w^t^{. A}^u^t^h^ori^zes^U^S^D^A
^g/w^uc^a^tⁱ^o^{n p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^,^fund^e^d^b^y^a^{50 s}^t^ates^{, th}^{e Dis}^t^{rict of}^C^o^lu^m^b^{ia, an}^d^[S^{ec. 1604]}^to^issu^{e r}^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^s^oⁿ^tim^{e an}^d^m^e^th^o^d
^s^.orⁿ^d^at^ory^15¢^/^c^w^t^as^s^e^s^s^m^en^t^on^mⁱ^l^k^P^u^er^to^Rico^to^p^a^y^th^{e 1}⁵^¢^/cw^t^.^[Sec.^ofⁱ^m^port^e^{r pay}^m^en^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 1507]}
^le^ak^ced/^m^ark^e^t^e^{d i}ⁿ^t^h^{e 48 con}^tⁱ^g^u^o^u^s^1407]
^{. A}^s^s^e^s^s^m^en^{t ex}^ten^d^{ed to im}^ports
^://wiki^{Sec. 1505 of}^{2002 f}^a^rm^{bill. Im}^port
^h^ttp^s^e^s^s^m^en^{t n}^e^v^e^{r collected becau}^s^e^th^e
^clu^s^ion^of^s^o^m^e^s^t^ates^w^a^s^con^s^idered
ⁿ^s^isten^t^w^ith^W^T^{O r}^u^{les. Ex}^pⁱ^r^e^s
^{15, 2008.}^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^4501-4514]
^ilk^M^a^rk^{eting Orders}
^e^r^a^{l m}^ilk^m^a^r^k^etin^g^o^r^d^e^r^r^u^{les issu}^ed^C^r^eates^{a Federal Milk}^Mark^etin^g^Order^C^r^eates^{a Federal Milk}^Mark^etin^g^Order^C^r^eates^{a Federal Milk}^Mark^etin^g^Order
^USDA^{place requ}^irem^en^ts^on^th^{e f}ⁱ^rs^t^R^e^vⁱ^ew^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{to rev}ⁱ^ew^an^d^R^e^vⁱ^ew^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{, w}^ith^s^a^m^e^ov^erall^R^e^vⁱ^e^w^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ^wi^t^h¹⁴^me^mb^e^r^s
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ⁱⁿ^g^{at leas}^{t m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^prices^f^o^{r th}^e^s^t^{ate order s}^y^s^t^em^s^.^T^h^{e 18-}^m^e^m^b^er^b^u^{t w}^ith^so^m^e^dⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^{ces in}^th^e^com^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{are s}ⁱ^m^{ilar to bu}^{t m}^odifⁱ^ed
^l^k^depen^dⁱⁿ^g^onⁱ^t^s^en^{d u}^s^{e. Perm}^-^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^{is to}^coⁿ^s^id^er^legⁱ^slativ^{e an}^d^appoiⁿ^t^m^eⁿ^t^of^m^e^m^b^ers^an^{d i}^s^s^u^es^t^o^be^fr^o^m^t^h^e^H^o^use^ve^r^sⁱ^o^n.^[S^{ec. 1509]}

^en^{t f}^e^d^e^r^a^{l au}^th^o^r^ity^to^r^e^g^u^l^{ate th}^e^ad^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tiv^{e o}^p^tioⁿ^s^f^o^r^:^en^su^rⁱⁿ^g^th^e^stud^ie^d^.^[S^{ec. 1608]}
ⁿ^d^lin^g^o^f^m^ilk^w^a^{s f}ⁱ^r^s^{t p}^r^o^v^id^edⁱⁿ^th^e^co^m^p^etitiv^en^{ess o}^f^f^a^r^m^er^{s an}^d
^ri^cu^l^t^u^ral^A^d^j^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^A^c^t^of^1933,^proces^s^o^rs^{, an}^{d s}ⁱ^m^p^lif^yⁱⁿ^g^an^d
^{d s}^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^t^l^y^revⁱ^s^e^{d by}^t^h^{e A}^g^ri^-^str^eam^linⁱⁿ^g^th^{e f}^e^d^e^r^a^{l o}^r^d^e^r^sy^stem^.
^ltu^r^a^{l Mar}^k^etin^g^A^g^r^eem^en^{t A}^c^{t o}^f^Rep^o^r^{t is d}^u^{e w}^ithⁱⁿ^tw^o^y^ear^{s o}^f^th^{e f}ⁱ^r^s^t
^am^en^ded.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{601 et}^s^e^q.]^m^e^e^tⁱ^ng.^[S^{ec. 1409]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^en^U^S^D^A^am^en^ds^f^e^deral^orders^{, i}^t^R^e^vⁱ^s^e^s^{order am}^en^dm^en^{t procedu}^r^es^by^A^l^s^o^revⁱ^s^e^s^am^en^dm^en^{t procedu}^r^es^by^Iⁿ^clu^d^{es elem}^en^{ts o}^f^b^o^t^h^b^{ills w}^ith
^s^t^is^s^u^{e a n}^o^{tice of}^{a h}^earin^g^{at leas}^t^placin^g^tim^{e con}^s^train^t^s^on^USDA^at^estab^lishⁱⁿ^g^{a tim}^etab^{le f}^o^r^cer^tain^r^e^g^a^r^d^to^th^{e tim}^{e co}ⁿ^s^tr^ain^t^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^,
^{ee d}^a^y^s^p^r^io^r^to^th^{e h}^earⁱⁿ^g^.^v^a^riou^s^s^t^eps^of^th^{e am}^en^dm^en^{t proces}^s^.^actioⁿ^s^{, b}^u^{t w}^ith^so^m^e^dⁱ^f^f^e^r^eⁿ^ces.^av^oidan^{ce of}^du^plication^,^an^{d u}^s^{e of}^f^eed
^.^S^.^C^.^608c(17)]^[S^{ec. 1404]}^[S^{ec. 1605]}^an^{d f}^u^{el cos}^t^s^f^o^{r h}^earin^g^sⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g
^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^{to m}^a^k^e^allow^aⁿ^ces^.
^[S^{ec. 1504]}
^l^a^t^e^A^p^ri^l^{2007, U}^S^D^A^anⁿ^o^uⁿ^{ced an}^R^e^quⁱ^r^es^U^S^D^A^{, w}ⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^{90 day}^s^of^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^{ill, ex}^cep^{t th}^{at th}^e^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1508]}
^o^rⁱⁿⁿ^oⁿ^f^{at d}^r^y^m^ilk^p^r^{ices r}^e^p^o^r^ted^to^en^actm^eⁿ^t^{, to}^su^b^m^{it a r}^e^p^o^r^{t to}^Coⁿ^g^r^ess^r^e^p^o^r^{t is to}^b^e^f^iled^w^ith^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e an}^d
^by^m^aⁿ^u^f^actu^r^ers^ov^{er th}^{e prev}^iou^s^on^pri^{ce report}ⁱⁿ^g^procedu^r^es^f^o^{r n}^oⁿ^f^at^Sen^a^{te A}^g^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^Co^m^m^ittees.^[Sec.
^oⁿ^t^h^s^{. T}^h^{e error con}^t^ri^bu^t^e^{d t}^o^dry^m^ilk^{, an}^{d th}^{e ef}^f^{ect th}^es^{e procedu}^r^es¹⁶⁰⁷⁾
^e^r^f^a^r^m^m^ilk^p^r^{ices th}^an^w^o^u^l^d^h^a^v^e^h^a^{d on}^m^a^rk^etⁱⁿ^g^{order pri}^cⁱⁿ^g
^e^rw^is^{e h}^a^v^e^been^th^{e cas}^e.^sⁱⁿ^{ce Ju}^l^y^{1, 2006.}^[S^{ec. 1408]}
^a^nda^t^o^ry^Da^iry^Co^m^m^o^dit^y^P^r^{ice Repo}^rt^ing
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}ⁱ^r^y^Mark^et^En^h^aⁿ^cem^en^t^A^c^t^of²⁰⁰⁰^u^ir^{es m}^aⁿ^u^f^actu^r^er^{s to}^r^e^p^o^r^{t to}^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^s^.^R^equⁱ^r^e^{s m}^a^nufa^c^t^ur^e^r^{s to}^r^e^p^o^r^{t sa}^le^s^tr^an^sactioⁿ^s^d^a^ily^{. Req}^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^A^u^th^o^r^{izes USDA}^to^estab^lish^an^electronⁱ^{c reportin}^g^s^y^s^t^em^(s^u^b^j^{ect to}
^g/w^th^{e p}^r^{ice, q}^u^an^tity^{, an}^d^m^o^istu^r^e^pu^blis^h^th^{e data each}^reportin^g^day^an^d^av^{ailable f}^uⁿ^d^s⁾^{, af}^{ter w}^h^ichⁱⁿ^creas^ed
^s^.or^t^en^t^of^dai^r^y^produ^ct^s^s^o^l^d^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^co^m^p^ar^{e it w}^ith^o^t^h^e^r^d^a^ir^y^m^a^r^k^et^fr^e^q^ue^nc^yⁱⁿ^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^r^e^p^o^r^tⁱ^{ng o}^f
^le^ak^{statistics o}ⁿ^{a q}^u^ar^ter^l^y^b^a^sis.^dai^r^y^produ^ct^s^a^l^e^s^w^o^u^l^{d be requ}ⁱ^r^ed.
^://wiki^[S^ecs^{. 1609 an}^{d 1610]}^P^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^q^u^ar^ter^l^y^au^d^{its o}^f^su^b^m^ittedⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^an^d^co^m^p^ar^isoⁿ^w^ith^r^e^lated
^h^ttp^d^a^ir^y^m^a^r^k^{et statistics.}^[S^{ec. 1510]}
^AR^(T^I^TLE^I)
^t^Directive
^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^th^{e m}^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^ex^ten^t^Retain^{s cu}^r^r^eⁿ^tⁿ^o^-ⁿ^et-^c^o^s^{t r}^e^q^u^ir^em^en^t.^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^[S^ecs^{. 1501}^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s n}^o^-^c^o^s^{t r}^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{t f}^o^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ
^acticab^{le to}^o^p^e^r^a^{te th}^{e su}^g^a^r^[S^ecs^{. 1301 an}^{d 1303(b)]}^an^{d 1504(b)]}^p^r^io^r^law^.^[S^ecs^{. 1401, 1403]}^R^e^qu^ires
^nr^e^c^o^ur^se^l^o^aⁿ^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^a^t^no^ne^t^c^o^st^U^S^D^A^t^o^o^p^e^r^a^t^e^suga^r^-fo^r^-^e^t^ha^no^l
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^.^S^.^C^.^{7272 (g), 7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{1359bb (b),}ⁿ^o^-^c^o^s^{t d}ⁱ^r^ectiv^{e is m}^e^t.^[S^{ec. 9001]}
^.^S^.^C^.^{1359cc (b)(2)]}
^{ice Suppo}^rt^Lev^e^{ls, Lo}^aⁿ^{s a}^{nd P}^a^y^m^ent^s
^raw^can^{e an}^{d ref}ⁱⁿ^e^{d beet s}^u^g^a^{r loan}^In^creas^es^raw^can^{e s}^u^g^a^{r an}^{d ref}ⁱⁿ^e^{d beet}^In^creas^es^raw^can^{e s}^u^g^a^{r loan}^{rate to}^In^creas^es^raw^can^{e s}^u^g^a^{r loan}^{rate to}
^e^s^at^18.0¢^an^{d 22.9¢}^/^l^b^t^h^rou^g^h^s^u^g^a^{r l}^o^an^rat^e^s^t^o^18.5¢^/^l^b^{. an}^{d 23.5¢}^/^l^b^19.0¢^/^l^b^{. by}^F^Y^{2013, i}ⁿ^1/^4¢ⁱⁿ^crem^en^t^s^18.75¢^/^l^b^{. i}ⁿ^F^Y^{2012 an}^{d F}^Y^{2013, i}ⁿ
^pan^d^s^loan^elig^ibility^{to in}^-^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2009 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^2013.^[S^{ec. 1301]}^begⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^F^Y^{2010. In}^creas^es^beet^1/^4¢ⁱⁿ^crem^en^t^s^begⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^F^Y^2010.
^s^s^u^g^a^rs^an^{d s}^y^ru^ps^at^80%^of^t^h^e^s^u^g^a^{r l}^o^an^rat^e^{, t}^o^{be s}^e^t^at^128.5%^of^t^h^e^Sets^refⁱⁿ^e^{d beet s}^u^g^a^{r loan}^{rate at}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^p^licab^{le lo}^an^r^a^{tes. Mak}^e^s^raw^can^{e rate in}^ef^f^{ect each}^y^{ear (e.g}^.,^22.9¢^/^l^b^{. i}ⁿ^F^Y^{2009. S}^t^artⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ
ⁿ^r^ecou^r^s^e^loan^s^av^{ailable to proces}^s^o^rs^reachⁱⁿ^g^24.42¢^{/lb. in}^F^Y^2013).^[Sec.^F^Y^{2010, s}^e^t^s^beet^s^u^g^a^{r rat}^e^equ^a^l^t^o
^d^er^cer^tain^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^{. Sets 9}^-^m^oⁿ^t^h^1501]^128.5%^of^t^h^{e raw}^can^{e rat}^eⁱⁿ^ef^f^ect^,
^a^y^m^en^{t ter}^m^f^o^r^su^ch^lo^an^s.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^(e.g^{., ri}^sⁱⁿ^g^t^o^24.1¢^/^l^b^{. i}ⁿ^F^Y^{2012 an}^d
^F^Y^{2013). C}^oⁿ^tⁱⁿ^u^e^s^ot^h^e^{r prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s
^f^o^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^p^r^io^r^law^.^[S^{ec. 1401]}
^th^orizes^C^C^C^{to accept bids}^f^r^om^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s in}^-^kⁱⁿ^d^au^th^o^r^ity^{. Stip}^u^l^ates^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^[S^{ec. 1501]}^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s in}^-^kⁱⁿ^d^au^th^o^r^ity^an^d^ad^d^s
^g^a^{r proces}^s^o^rs^t^o^pu^rch^a^s^e^US^DA^-^th^{at plan}^{ted beets}^{or can}^{e div}^e^{rted f}^r^om^Ho^u^s^e/Sen^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1401]}
^ne^d^suga^rⁱⁿ^c^o^nj^unc^tⁱ^o^{n w}ⁱ^t^h^r^e^d^u^c^e^d^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^can^on^l^y^{be u}^s^{ed as}^bi^oen^e^rg^y
^ctⁱ^oⁿ^ofⁿ^e^w^s^u^g^a^{r crops}^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.^f^eeds^t^ock^.^[S^{ec. 1301]}
^D^Aⁿ^o^w^pay^s^s^t^orag^{e rat}^e^s^of^8¢^/^c^w^t^.^N^o^c^o^m^p^a^r^a^b^l^e^p^r^o^vⁱ^sⁱ^o^n.^Re^q^uⁱ^r^e^s⁽^o^nl^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh c}^r^o^p^y^e^a^r²⁰¹¹⁾^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1405]}
^{r raw}^can^{e an}^{d 10¢}^{per cw}^{t. f}^o^{r ref}ⁱⁿ^e^d^U^S^D^A^miⁿⁱ^mu^{m s}^t^o^r^a^g^e^p^a^ymeⁿ^t^r^a^t^e^s
^u^g^a^{r th}^{at h}^a^s^been^f^o^rf^{eited u}ⁿ^d^er^of^10¢^/^c^w^t^{. an}^{d 15¢}^/^c^w^t^{. on}^f^o^rf^ei^t^e^{d raw}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^oⁿ^r^ecou^r^s^e^loan^prog^ram^.^[15^can^{e an}^{d ref}ⁱⁿ^e^{d beet s}^u^g^a^r.^[S^{ec. 1503]}
^g/w^S^.^C^.^{714b & 714c; 7 C}^F^R^Par^t^1423]
^s^.or^th^o^r^{izes CCC to}^p^r^o^v^id^{e f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^cⁱⁿ^g^to^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Retain^{s au}^th^o^r^ity^{, b}^u^{t stip}^u^l^{ates th}^{at lo}^an^s^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s p}^r^io^r^law^an^d^ad^d^s^Sen^a^te
^le^ak^s^o^rs^of^dom^es^tⁱ^c^s^u^g^a^{r t}^o^con^s^t^r^u^c^t^sh^{all n}^o^{t r}^e^q^u^ir^{e an}^y^p^r^ep^ay^m^eⁿ^t^p^eⁿ^a^lty^.^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1404]}
^://wiki^p^g^r^{ade s}^t^orag^{e an}^{d h}^aⁿ^d^lin^g^[S^{ec. 1402]}^[S^{ec. 1502]}
^h^ttp
^a^rk^et^ing^Allo^t^m^ent^s^a^{nd Allo}^ca^tⁱ^oⁿ^s
^av^er^{t lo}^an^f^o^r^f^eitu^r^e^{s, USDA}^lim^its^C^oⁿ^tⁱⁿ^u^e^s^pu^rpos^{e an}^{d s}^t^ru^ct^u^r^{e of}^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^Coⁿ^tin^u^e^{s m}^a^r^k^etin^g^allo^tm^en^{t au}^th^o^r^ity
^ouⁿ^t^of^s^u^g^a^{r proces}^s^o^rs^can^s^e^ll^m^a^r^k^etin^g^allo^tm^en^{ts an}^d^allo^catioⁿ^s^{, b}^u^t^[S^{ec. 1504(a)-(d)]}^an^{d adopt}^s^H^o^u^s^e/^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s
^y^{ear (accordin}^g^{to a n}^a^tion^a^l^c^h^a^nge^{s so}^m^e^ke^y^p^r^o^vⁱ^sⁱ^o^ns.^Cha^nge^s^r^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^g^USDA^to^{set OA}^{Q at n}^o^{t less}
^v^e^r^a^{ll allo}^tm^en^{t q}^u^an^tity^{” (}^O^A^Q⁾^f^o^r^m^u^l^{a to}^r^e^q^u^ir^{e USDA}^to^{set OA}^{Q at}^th^an^{85% of}^es^tim^{ated U.S. h}^u^m^an
ⁱ^{ded betw}^een^can^{e an}^{d beet s}^ectors^,ⁿ^o^{t les}^s^th^an^{85% of}^es^tim^{ated h}^u^m^an^coⁿ^s^u^m^p^tioⁿ^,^an^d^elimⁱⁿ^atin^g^allo^tm^en^t
^{allocated to in}^divⁱ^du^{al proces}^s^o^rs^).^f^{ood an}^{d bev}^e^rag^e^s^u^g^a^{r u}^s^{e. El}ⁱ^mⁱⁿ^at^es^susp^eⁿ^sioⁿ^tr^igge^r^.^[S^{ec. 1403(a)-(d)]}
^{e OA}^{Q m}^u^s^t^accom^m^{odate W}^T^{O an}^d^allo^tm^en^{t su}^sp^en^sioⁿ^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^FT^A^im^p^o^r^{t co}^m^m^itm^en^{ts (}¹^.5³²^[S^{ec. 1303(a)-(d)]}
ⁿ^sh^o^r^{t to}ⁿ^s⁾^.^I^f^im^p^o^r^{ts ar}^{e lar}^g^er^,
^’^s^au^th^o^r^ity^to^im^p^l^em^en^t
^tm^en^{ts is su}^sp^en^d^e^d^.^{[7 U.S}^.^C^.
^{d 1359dd]}
^r^e^c^t^{s U}^S^D^A^t^o^r^e^a^ssi^{gn unuse}^d^r^a^w^Re^q^uⁱ^r^e^s^t^h^a^t^aⁿ^y^r^e^a^ssi^gnm^eⁿ^t^o^f^unuse^d^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^[S^{ec. 1504(e)]}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^e/^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^ch^an^g^e^t^o^pri^o^r
^{e an}^{d beet s}^u^g^a^{r m}^a^rk^etin^g^allocation^s^can^{e an}^{d beet allocation}^s^{to im}^ports^[in^law^.^[S^{ec. 1403(e)]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^{to oth}^e^{r can}^{e s}^t^ates^an^{d beet}^th^{e f}^o^u^r^th^step^]^m^u^{st b}^e^m^e^{t b}^y^im^p^o^r^ts
^s^o^rs^{, res}^p^ectiv^ely^;^s^econd^{to can}^e^“^o^f^raw^can^{e s}^u^g^a^r.”^[S^{ec. 1303(e)]}
^s^o^rs^w^ithⁱⁿ^each^s^t^ate;^th^ird^to
^l^e^{s o}^f^suga^rⁱⁿ^{CCC’s i}^nve^nt^o^r^y^;^aⁿ^d
^t^h^to^im^p^o^r^ts.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1359ee]
^{gar Provi}^sⁱ^on^R^e^l^a^ted^{to Bi}^oen^{ergy Program}^s^—^s^{ee s}^ecti^oⁿ^on^Eⁿ^{ergy Program}^s^(b^el^ow⁾
^ad^e-R^e^l^a^ted^Provi^sⁱ^on^s
^{accord w}^ith^{a 1994 trade com}^m^itm^en^t,^M^a^ke^{s no}^c^h^a^nge^{s t}^oⁱ^m^p^o^r^t^q^u^o^t^a^M^a^ke^{s no}^c^h^a^nge^{s t}^oⁱ^m^p^o^r^t^q^u^o^t^a^Mak^e^sⁿ^o^ch^an^g^e^{to cu}^rren^{t U.S. trade}
^D^A^se^t^s^aⁿ^a^nnua^l^gl^o^b^a^l^suga^rⁱ^m^p^o^r^t^co^m^m^itm^en^{ts f}^o^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^v^a^rⁱ^o^u^{s tr}^ad^e^co^m^m^itm^en^ts.^co^m^m^itm^en^ts.
^ot^{a of}ⁿ^o^t^l^e^s^s^t^h^an^{1.256 m}ⁱ^l^.^s^h^ort^ag^reem^en^ts^an^{d law}^s^.
^s^{. UST}^R^allocates^th^{e qu}^{ota am}^on^g
^{ible cou}ⁿ^t^ries^{, an}^{d als}^o^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ers
^eren^{tial s}^u^g^a^{r im}^{port qu}^otas^f^o^{r f}^r^ee
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^reem^en^{t partn}^e^{r cou}ⁿ^t^ries^.^f^ectⁱ^v^{e Jan}^u^a^ry^{1, 2008, Mex}ⁱ^{co can}
^g/w^ip^d^u^ty^f^r^{ee an}^uⁿ^lim^ited^am^o^uⁿ^t^o^f
^s^.or^g^a^r^to^th^{e U.S. m}^a^r^k^et.
^le^ak
^quⁱ^r^es^U^S^T^Rⁱⁿ^2002-^{07 t}^o^real^l^o^cat^e^R^e^peals^requ^irem^en^{t f}^o^{r reallocatin}^g^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^e/^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^repeal^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^://wiki^d^c^o^unt^r^y^q^u^o^t^a^a^l^l^o^c^a^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^o^o^t^he^r^s^u^g^a^{r i}^m^port^qu^ot^{a s}^h^ort^f^al^l^s^.^[S^{ec. 1504(i}⁾^]^[S^{ec. 1403(i}⁾^]
^h^ttp^o^t^a^-^ho^l^dⁱ^{ng c}^o^unt^rⁱ^e^s^wⁱ^t^h^suga^r^t^o^[S^{ec. 1303(i}⁾^]
^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1359kk]
^h^a^s^dis^c^retion^{to in}^creas^{e th}^{e s}ⁱ^ze^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^{set q}^u^o^t^{as f}^o^r^r^a^w^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^e/^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^on
^g^l^obal^raw^can^{e an}^{d ref}ⁱⁿ^e^{d s}^u^g^a^r^can^{e an}^{d ref}ⁱⁿ^e^{d s}^u^g^a^{r at th}^{e m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^[S^{ec. 1504(j}⁾^]^settin^gⁱⁿ^{itial im}^p^o^r^{t q}^u^o^t^{as at m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m
^port^qu^ot^as^w^h^en^dom^es^tⁱ^c^s^u^g^a^r^lev^e^{l n}^ecessar^y^to^co^m^p^ly^w^ith^{U.S. tr}^ad^e^lev^e^{ls an}^d^layⁱⁿ^g^o^u^{t step}^{s to}^b^e^f^o^llo^w^e^d
^pplies^{are in}^adequ^a^{te to}^m^{eet U.S.}^ag^reem^en^{t oblig}^ation^s^{. In}^cas^es^of^s^u^g^a^r^{to in}^creas^{e im}^portsⁱⁿ^th^{e ev}^en^{t of}^{a s}^u^g^a^r
^aⁿ^d^{at reas}^on^{able prices}^.^[C^h^apt^er^s^h^ortag^e^s^,^s^u^pplies^{are to be in}^creas^ed^sho^r^ta^ge^.^[S^{ec. 1403(j}⁾^]
^,^a^d^d^itio^na^{l no}^{te 5}^,^o^f^{the U.S.}^fⁱ^r^s^{t b}^y^r^eassigⁿⁱⁿ^g^allo^tm^en^{t d}^e^fⁱ^{cits to}
^m^onⁱ^z^{ed Tar}ⁱ^{ff S}^c^h^e^du^l^e^{; 19 C}^F^R^im^ports^of^raw^can^{e s}^u^g^a^{r, s}^econ^d^by
^t^{2001, S}^u^bpar^t^A^]ⁱⁿ^creasⁱⁿ^g^th^{e ref}ⁱⁿ^e^{d s}^u^g^a^{r qu}^{ota, an}^d
^th^{ird by}ⁱⁿ^creasⁱⁿ^g^raw^can^{e s}^u^g^a^{r qu}^ota.
^[S^{ec. 1303(i}⁾^]
^prot^ect^dom^es^tⁱ^c^s^u^g^a^{r pri}^ces^,^USDA^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^estab^lish^“^o^r^d^er^ly^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^{Deletes Ho}^u^s^{e “}^s^hⁱ^p^pⁱⁿ^g^p^a^tterⁿ^s”
^u^l^at^{ed t}^h^{e f}^l^ow^of^s^u^g^a^{r i}^m^port^s^f^r^om^s^hⁱ^ppiⁿ^g^pat^t^e^rn^s^”^f^o^{r m}^a^j^o^{r s}^u^pplⁱ^e^rs^of^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.

^g^e^q^u^o^t^a^ho^l^d^e^r^{s (}^t^hr^o^ugh^2005).^su^g^a^r^to^th^{e U.S. m}^a^r^k^et.^[S^{ec. 1303(i}⁾^]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^{e U.S.-}^M^ex^ican^ag^reem^en^{t on}^bilateral^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^Ex^pres^s^e^{s se}^nse^o^f^Se^na^te^tha^t^U.^S.^&^{Deletes Sen}^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^rk^{et acces}^s^f^o^{r s}^u^g^a^{r an}^{d h}ⁱ^g^h^-^f^r^u^c^tos^e^M^e^xi^c^aⁿ^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^{s sho}^u^l^d^c^o^o^r^dⁱ^na^t^e
^s^y^ru^{p created an}ⁱⁿ^du^s^t^ry^an^d^th^eir^su^g^a^r^p^o^{licies to}^b^e^coⁿ^s^isten^t^w^ith
^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^t^a^{sk fo}^r^c^e^t^o^a^d^d^r^e^s^s^{U.S. in}^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l co}^m^m^itm^en^{ts, to}^av^oⁱ^d
^s^th^{at m}ⁱ^g^h^t^aris^{e af}^{ter th}^e^dis^r^u^p^tion^s^of^each^couⁿ^t^ry^’^s^s^w^eeten^er
ⁱⁿ^atioⁿ^o^f^tarⁱ^f^f^s^oⁿ^sw^eeten^er^{s o}ⁿ^m^a^r^k^e^t^{s (}^s^uga^r^aⁿ^d^hi^gh-fr^uc^t^o^se^c^o^rⁿ
^u^a^ry^{1, 2008.}^[^E^x^c^ha^ng^{e o}^f^L^e^tters^sy^r^u^p⁾^.^[S^{ec. 1505]}
^w^een^U^S^TR^an^{d Me}^xico’s^Secr^etar^iat
^c^on^om^{y, Ju}^l^y^{27, 2006]}
^{e U.S. w}^ith^d^r^ew^f^r^o^m^th^{e I}ⁿ^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^l^R^e^qu^ires^th^{e Secretary}^of^A^g^ricu^ltu^{re to}^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 1402]}
^g^a^{r O}^r^g^aⁿⁱ^zatⁱ^oⁿ^(IS^O^{) i}ⁿ¹⁹⁹²^w^o^rk^w^ith^th^{e Secretary}^of^{State to}^[S^{ec. 1504]}
^s^e^of^oppos^ition^{to th}^{e allocation}^of^r^e^sto^r^{e U.S. m}^e^m^b^er^sh^ipⁱⁿ^th^{e I}^S^O
^unt^r^y^c^o^nt^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^o^I^S^O^’^{s b}^u^d^g^e^t^.^w^ithⁱⁿ^oⁿ^{e y}^ear^.^[S^{ec. 1302]}
^TLE^II:^C^O^N^SE^RV^AT^IO^N
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^o^g^r^a^m^Defⁱ^nitⁱ^oⁿ^{s a}^{nd F}^unding
^g/w
^s^.or^t^h^{e F}^{ood S}^ecu^ri^t^y^A^c^t^of^N^o^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^.^A^d^d^s^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^s^o^f^b^e^gⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^f^a^r^m^er^o^r^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^.
^le^ak^S^A^{) (P.L}^{. 99-}^{198, or t}^h^{e 1985}^r^a^nc^he^r^,^Iⁿ^dⁱ^aⁿ^t^rⁱ^b^e^,^noⁿⁱ^nd^ust^rⁱ^a^l^R^e^m^o^v^e^s^t^h^{e t}^e^s^t^ofⁿ^e^t^w^o^rt^h^.^A^dopt^s
^m^b^ill)^{, as am}^en^d^e^d^,^d^e^fⁱⁿ^e^{s 1}⁸^ter^m^s.⁽^No^te^{: so}^m^e^ter^m^{s ad}^d^e^d^b^y^th^{e Sen}^a^te^priv^{ate f}^o^res^t^lan^d^{, s}^o^cially^th^{e 1990 f}^a^rm^{bill def}ⁱⁿ^ition^of^{a s}^o^cially
^://wiki^.^S^.^C^.^3801]^b^{ill in}^th^{is sectio}ⁿ^ar^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^d^f^o^r^sp^ecifⁱ^c^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d f}^a^rm^{er or ran}^c^h^e^{r, an}^d^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d f}^a^rm^{er or ran}^c^h^e^{r, w}ⁱ^t^h
^h^ttp^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^,^a^s^no^t^e^d^b^e^l^o^w^.⁾^techⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce. A}^u^th^orizes^USDA^c^h^a^nge^{s t}^o^d^e^fi^ne^fa^r^m^,ⁱⁿ^t^e^gr^a^t^e^d^p^e^st
^t^o^em^pl^oy^{a t}^e^s^t^ofⁿ^e^t^w^o^rt^h^{or ot}^h^e^r^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^{, p}^e^r^s^oⁿ^an^d^leg^a^{l en}^tity^{, an}^d
^m^eas^u^r^{e to qu}^alif^y^.^[S^{ec. 2001]}^liv^esto^ck^.^[S^{ec. 2001]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^E^x^t^e^nd^{s r}^e^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh FY}²⁰¹²^E^x^t^e^nd^{s r}^e^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh FY}²⁰¹²^E^x^t^e^nd^{s r}^e^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh FY}²⁰¹²
^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng t}^h^r^o^ugh^wⁱ^t^h^fundⁱ^{ng sp}^e^cⁱ^fi^e^d^fo^r^CSP^,^FP^P^,^wⁱ^t^h^fundⁱ^{ng sp}^e^cⁱ^fi^e^d^fo^r^CSP^,^FP^P^,^w^ith^th^{e f}^o^llo^wⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l n}^e^w
^{2007 t}^o^carry^ou^t^v^a^ri^ou^s^con^s^erv^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^EQIP^{, an}^{d WHIP}^.^[S^{ec. 2401(a)]}^EQIP^{, W}^H^IP^{, GR}^P^,^an^{d th}^{e Volu}ⁿ^t^ary^b^u^d^g^{et au}^th^o^r^ity^{: CSP}⁽^$¹^.¹^b^illioⁿ⁾^;
^ram^s^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3841]^P^u^b^{lic A}^{ccess an}^d^Hab^{itat I}ⁿ^cen^tiv^es^EQIP^{($3,393 m}^illioⁿ⁾^{; an}^{d FP}^P^($773
^Pr^og^r^a^m^.^[S^{ec. 2401(a)]}^m^illioⁿ⁾^.^[S^{ec. 2701]}
^te^{: A}^u^th^o^r^ized^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^lev^e^{ls f}^o^r
^ri^ou^s^prog^ram^sⁱ^s^provⁱ^d^{ed i}ⁿ
^vⁱ^du^al^prog^ram^s^ectⁱ^oⁿ^s^bel^o^w^.
^gh^l^y^E^r^odⁱ^b^l^e^an^d^W^e^tl^an^d^C^oⁿ^s^ervati^oⁿ
^{. 1211-}^{1212 of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^A^dds^{a s}^econ^d^lev^e^{l of}^revⁱ^ew^by^th^e^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^provⁱ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r
^k^e^s^vⁱ^olators^of^th^{e con}^s^erv^a^tion^s^t^{ate or dis}^t^{rict di}^{rector, w}^ith^techⁿⁱ^cal^revⁱ^ew^of^g^{ood f}^aⁱ^t^h^det^e^rmⁱⁿ^atⁱ^oⁿ^s
^m^p^lian^{ce p}^r^o^g^r^a^mⁱⁿ^elig^ib^{le f}^o^r^cer^tain^coⁿ^c^u^rren^{ce f}^r^o^m^USDA^’^s^Natu^ral^r^e^lated^to^hⁱ^g^h^l^y^er^o^dⁱ^b^l^{e lan}^d
^o^g^r^a^m^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its, w}^ith^so^m^e^ex^cep^tioⁿ^s^Re^so^ur^c^e^s^Co^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n Se}^r^vⁱ^c^e⁽^N^RCS)^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^n.^[S^{ec. 2002]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^m^f^u^{ll lo}^{ss o}^f^elig^ib^ility^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^if^th^{e Secr}^etar^y^h^a^{s d}^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^th^{at th}^is
^{d 3812f]}^ex^ception^s^h^ou^{ld apply}^.^[S^{ec. 2101]}
^{. 1221-}^{1222 of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^A^{dd a s}^econ^d^lev^e^{l of}^revⁱ^ew^by^th^{e s}^t^ate^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^,^provⁱ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r
^k^e^{s sw}^am^p^b^u^sterⁱⁿ^elig^ib^{le f}^o^r^cer^tain^{or dis}^t^{rict director, w}^ith^techⁿⁱ^cal^revⁱ^ew^of^g^{ood f}^aⁱ^t^h^det^e^rmⁱⁿ^atⁱ^oⁿ^s
^o^g^r^a^m^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its, w}^ith^so^m^e^ex^cep^tioⁿ^s^con^c^u^rren^{ce f}^r^om^NR^C^S^if^th^{e Secretary}^r^e^lated^to^w^e^tlan^d^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^.
^m^f^u^{ll lo}^{ss o}^f^elig^ib^ility^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^h^a^{s d}^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^th^{at th}^{is ex}^em^p^tioⁿ^[S^{ec. 2003]}
^{d 3822h}^]^s^h^ou^l^d^appl^y^.^[S^{ec. 2201]}
^p^rehensⁱ^{ve Cons}^{ervation E}^nhancem^{ent Program}
^{e 1990 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1230 of}^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.⁽^No^te^:^D^e^l^e^t^e^s^S^ectⁱ^oⁿ^{1243 i}ⁿ^pri^o^{r l}^a^w^,^an^d^Doesⁿ^o^{t reau}^th^{orize th}^{e C}^C^E^P^.^T^h^e
^to^estab^lish^{a p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^later^A^m^en^dm^en^t^s^t^o^S^{ec. 1243 des}^c^ri^bed^m^o^v^e^s^s^o^m^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^{, am}^en^{ded, i}ⁿ^t^o^Health^y^Fo^r^e^{st Reser}^v^{e P}^r^o^g^r^a^m^is
^m^e^d^t^h^e^Co^m^p^r^e^he^nsi^v^e^b^e^lo^wⁱⁿ^th^{e “}^o^th^er^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^th^{is (}^aⁿ^d^o^t^h^e^r⁾^sectioⁿ^s^{. Ex}^ten^d^{s CCEP}^r^e^tain^edⁱⁿ^th^{e f}^o^r^e^str^y^title^[S^{ec. 8205]}^;
^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n E}^nha^nc^e^m^eⁿ^t^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^prog^ram^s^{” s}^u^bs^ectⁱ^oⁿ^.)^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. Mak}^e^s^ch^an^g^e^s^t^h^at^th^{e cou}ⁿ^t^y^acreag^{e cap is}^addres^s^e^d
^C^E^P⁾^{. T}^h^{e C}^C^EP^{, w}^h^ichⁱⁿ^clu^d^es^th^e^redu^{ce adm}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^rativ^{e bu}^rden^s^,^s^t^ream^lin^e^els^e^w^h^ere^[S^{ec. 2708]}^{. T}^h^{e ag}^reem^en^t
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^nse^r^va^tio^{n Re}^se^r^v^e^P^r^o^g^r^a^m⁽^CRP⁾^,^l^aⁿ^d^s^R^e^s^e^rv^{e P}^r^og^ram^(WR^P^{), an}^d^t^h^{e appl}ⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^proces^s^,^an^{d prom}^ot^e^partⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^ps^{. D}^e^l^e^t^e^s^EQ^{IP f}^r^om^C^C^EP^adopt^s^{a prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^o^ex^cl^u^d^{e C}^R^E^P^acreag^{e an}^{d con}^tin^u^o^u^s^C^R^P^acreag^e
^g/w^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^en^{tal Qu}^ality^Iⁿ^cen^tiv^es^an^{d adds}^th^{e Health}^y^Fores^t^s^R^e^s^e^rv^e^f^r^om^th^{e 25% cap if}^th^{e cou}ⁿ^t^y
^s^.or^ram^(EQ^I^{P), prom}^ot^es^l^oⁿ^g^-^t^e^rm^P^r^og^ram^.^A^dds^{a n}^e^w^ex^ception^w^h^ereby^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^c^o^nc^ur^s,^aⁿ^d^fur^t^he^r
^le^ak^o^t^ectioⁿ^f^o^r^en^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^en^tally^sen^s^itiv^e^USDA^m^a^y^ex^{ceed th}^{e en}^rollm^en^t^sp^ecifⁱ^{es th}^{is p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^{is sep}^a^r^a^{te an}^d
^://wiki^{s t}^h^r^o^{ugh e}^a^s^e^m^eⁿ^t^s^aⁿ^d^t^e^c^hni^c^a^l^/^aⁿ^c^{ial as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3830]^lim^itatioⁿ^w^h^en^{a state o}^r^lo^{cal r}^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^p^r^o^h^ib^{its ag}^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l w}^a^ter^u^s^{e, r}^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^g^dⁱ^stin^{ct f}^r^o^m^th^{e ex}^istin^g^w^a^iv^er^au^th^o^r^ity^.^[S^{ec. 2106]}^A^d^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^h^ttp^U^S^D^A^t^o^en^rol^l^t^h^{e l}^aⁿ^d^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^{180 day}^s^g^uⁱ^d^aⁿ^{ce is p}^r^o^v^id^edⁱⁿ^th^{e Man}^a^g^e^r^s
^te^:^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ^o^f^CCEP^,^th^e^of^receivⁱⁿ^g^{a requ}^es^{t an}^{d pay}^{a ren}^t^al^s^t^atem^en^t.
^bj^ect^of^S^{ec. 1243, i}^s^des^c^ri^{bed bel}^o^w^.^r^a^{te th}^{at r}^e^f^l^{ects th}^{e r}^a^{te p}^r^io^r^to
^im^p^l^em^en^tin^g^th^{e r}^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2301]}
^{e 1990 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1243 of}^A^m^en^ds^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^by^A^m^en^ds^{to s}^t^ream^lin^{e application}^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s
^to^au^th^o^r^{ize ad}^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ^o^f^m^o^vⁱⁿ^g^s^ection^s^on^acreag^{e en}^rollm^en^t^proces^s^,^{add n}^e^w^en^dan^g^e^{red s}^p^eci^es^an^{d n}^a^m^e^s^th^{e in}^itiativ^{e th}^{e C}^ooperativ^e
^.^P^r^o^v^isioⁿ^sⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e av}^oⁱ^dⁱⁿ^g^lim^{its, ten}^aⁿ^t^p^r^o^t^ectioⁿ^,^an^d^o^b^t^ainⁱⁿ^g^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^{, an}^d^estab^lishⁿ^e^w^Coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^P^a^r^tⁿ^e^r^s^hⁱ^p^Iⁿ^itiativ^e
^p^licatioⁿ^o^f^r^e^q^u^ir^ed^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^techⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce. Es}^tablis^h^e^s^{a n}^e^w^partⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^ps^an^{d cooperat}ⁱ^oⁿ^proj^ect^s^f^o^r^(C^C^P^I).^[S^{ec. 2707]}^A^llo^w^s^USDA^to
^{s, lim}^itin^g^en^r^o^llm^en^{t u}ⁿ^d^er^CRP^an^d^C^ooperatⁱ^v^{e C}^oⁿ^s^erv^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^Partⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^p^s^p^{ecial proj}^ects^(u^{p to 5 y}^ears⁾^w^ith^m^a^k^e^con^s^{ider local circu}^m^s^t^an^ces^{, g}^o^als^,
^{P t}^o^25%^of^t^h^{e cropl}^an^{d i}ⁿ^{a cou}ⁿ^t^y^,^Iⁿ^itiativ^{e to}^car^r^y^o^u^{t p}^r^o^j^ects/in^itiativ^es^m^u^ltip^{le p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s an}^d^elig^ib^{le p}^a^r^tⁿ^e^r^s^an^{d obj}^ectⁱ^v^es^{, an}^{d prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^r
^ectⁱⁿ^g^t^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^res^t^s^of^s^h^{are croppers}^u^sⁱⁿ^g^co^m^p^etitiv^{e (}²^-⁵^y^ear^s)^g^r^an^ts.^{to addres}^s^s^t^{ate con}^s^erv^a^tion^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^t^o^provⁱ^d^{e produ}^cers
^d^t^e^na^nt^s,^a^l^l^o^wⁱ^{ng a}^p^p^r^o^v^e^d^so^ur^c^e^s^Specifⁱ^es^{14 criteria to be u}^s^{ed in}^recom^m^eⁿ^d^ation^s^{. Specif}ⁱ^es^fⁱ^v^e^proj^ect^p^r^ef^er^en^{tial en}^r^o^llm^en^{t in}^th^{e ap}^p^licab^le
^{ide tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce, an}^{d u}^sⁱⁿ^g^revⁱ^ewⁱⁿ^g^applⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^s^an^{d 9 proj}^ect^p^u^r^p^o^s^{es, lists ap}^p^licatioⁿ^coⁿ^t^en^{ts, an}^d^prog^ram^as^part^of^t^h^{e s}^p^eci^al^proj^ect^.
^t^o^5%^of^t^h^{e f}^uⁿ^d^s^f^r^om^t^h^e^p^r^io^r^{ities. Sp}^ecifⁱ^{es d}^u^{ties o}^f^p^a^r^ticip^an^t^id^en^tif^{ies USDA}^’^s^d^u^{ties an}^d^p^r^io^r^ities^A^p^p^{lies to}^{all USDA}^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ
^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fund^e^d^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^an^d^USDA^{. Sp}^ecifⁱ^{es p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^w^{ill b}^e^w^h^eⁿ^se^l^e^c^tⁱ^{ng p}^r^o^j^e^c^t^{s (}ⁱ^nc^l^u^dⁱ^{ng 1}⁴^prog^ram^s^ex^{cept C}^R^P^{, W}^R^P^,^FP^P^an^d
^o^s^t^{er cooperat}ⁱ^oⁿ^t^h^rou^g^h^fund^e^d^wⁱ^t^h¹⁰^%^o^f^fund^{s fo}^r^CSP^,^priority^w^a^{ter proj}^{ect areas}^{); als}^o^requ^ires^GRP^.^T^h^{e stated}ⁱⁿ^ten^t^{is to}^p^r^o^v^id^{e f}^o^r
ⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^ps^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3844]^EQIP^{, an}^{d W}^H^IP^{. T}^h^{e f}^e^{deral s}^h^{are f}^o^r^m^oⁿ^itorin^g^an^{d ev}^alu^a^tion^.^Specifⁱ^es^ap^p^licatioⁿ^s^th^{at in}^clu^d^{e in}ⁿ^o^v^a^tiv^e

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^each^p^r^o^j^{ect w}^{ill b}^e^{at least 7}⁵^%^o^f^co^sts;^fundⁱ^{ng o}^f¹⁰^%^o^f^t^h^e^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fund^s^co^m^bⁱⁿ^atioⁿ^s^o^f^co^v^e^r^e^dⁱⁿ^itiativ^e
⁹⁰^%^o^f^th^{e f}^uⁿ^d^{s w}^{ill b}^e^allo^cated^{at th}^e^{allocated to each}^s^t^{ate (ex}^{cept C}^R^P^{, C}^S^P^,^prog^ram^s^{, an}^{d appl}ⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^s^t^h^at^mⁱ^g^h^t
^s^t^{ate lev}^e^{l (in}^cen^tiv^es^an^{d bon}^u^s^W^R^P^,^an^{d th}^{e n}^e^w^C^oⁿ^s^erv^a^tion^w^o^rkⁱⁿ^tan^d^em^w^ith^th^{e en}^h^aⁿ^cem^en^t
^pay^m^en^ts^m^a^y^{be u}^s^{ed f}^o^{r s}^p^ecifⁱ^ed^S^t^ew^ards^hⁱ^{p Prog}^ram⁾^{, w}ⁱ^t^h^75%^of^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^uⁿ^d^er^CRP^o^r^W^R^P^.^A^d^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^pu^rpos^es^{). L}ⁱ^m^its^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^rativ^{e cos}^t^s^to^f^uⁿ^d^{s f}^o^rⁱⁿ^tr^a-^{state an}^d²⁵^%^f^o^r^m^u^lti-^g^uⁱ^d^aⁿ^{ce is p}^r^o^v^id^edⁱⁿ^th^{e Man}^a^g^e^r^s
^5%^of^an^y^g^r^an^t^.^[S^{ec. 2403]}^s^t^{ate proj}^ects^.^[S^{ec. 2405]}^s^t^atem^en^t.
ⁿ^s^ervati^oⁿ^R^e^s^{erve Program}
^{d) of}^t^h^{e 1985 f}^a^rm^bi^l^l^E^x^t^e^nd^{s a}^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh CY}^2012;^E^x^t^e^nd^{s a}^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh CY}^2012.^E^x^t^e^nd^{s a}^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^h^r^o^{ugh CY}^2012,
⁾^au^th^o^r^{izes th}^{e CRP}^{; th}^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^is^retain^s^cu^rren^t^acreag^{e en}^rollm^en^{t lim}^it^Retain^{s cu}^r^r^en^{t acr}^eag^{e en}^r^o^llm^en^{t lim}^it.^an^{d allow}^s^USDA^{to addres}^s^is^s^u^es^uⁿ^d^er
^r^r^eⁿ^t^l^y^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^d^t^h^r^o^{ugh CY}^{2007 at}⁽³⁹^.²^m^illioⁿ^acr^es)^.^[S^{ec. 2101(a-b)]}^A^d^d^s^p^o^llin^ato^r^h^a^b^{itat to}^th^{e g}^eⁿ^e^r^a^l^{State, reg}ⁱ^on^{al, an}^{d n}^a^tion^a^{l con}^s^erv^a^tion
^.²^m^illioⁿ^acr^es.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3831(a-d)]^p^u^r^p^o^s^{es. Ex}^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^toⁱⁿ^itiativ^{es. Cap}^s^en^r^o^llm^en^{t at 3}²^m^illioⁿ
ⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e s}^o^m^e^ty^pes^of^m^a^rgⁱⁿ^{al pas}^t^u^r^e-^acres^[S^{ec. 2103]}^{. Clar}^if^{ies th}^{at alf}^a^lf^a
^l^aⁿ^d^an^{d l}^aⁿ^d^en^rol^l^e^{d i}ⁿ^{a n}^e^w^f^l^ooded^g^r^owⁿ^as^{part of}^{a rotation}^{practice is}^a
^f^a^rm^l^aⁿ^d^prog^ram^.^[S^{ec. 2311(a-c)]}^com^m^odi^t^y^f^o^{r crop h}ⁱ^s^t^ory^pu^rpos^es^.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^[S^ecs^{. 2101-2102, 2105]}^P^r^ov^ides^f^o^r
^g/w^p^o^llin^ato^r^h^a^b^itats.^[S^ecs^{. 2706, 2708]}
^s^.or⁾^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Deletes^s^t^ates^bu^{t retain}^s^C^h^es^apeak^{e B}^a^y^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^{ill; also}^ad^d^s^to^th^e^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^t^oⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l
^le^ak^ts^priority^areas^as^th^{e C}^h^es^apeak^{e B}^a^y^regⁱ^on^.^[S^{ec. 2101(b)]}^{list th}^{e p}^r^airⁱ^{e p}^o^t^h^o^{le r}^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^{, th}^{e Gr}^an^d^States^th^{at m}^a^k^e^u^p^th^{e C}^h^es^apeak^{e B}^a^y
^://wikiⁱ^on^(P^A^,^{MD, VA}^{) , th}^{e Great L}^a^k^e^s^gi^oⁿ^,^aⁿ^d^Lo^{ng I}^s^l^a^nd^So^und^.^[16^L^a^k^e^S^t^Mary^’^s^Wat^e^rs^h^e^{d, an}^{d t}^h^e^Eas^t^ern^Sn^ak^{e P}^l^ain^A^q^uⁱ^f^e^r.^[Sec.^Regⁱ^oⁿ^{as th}^{e Co}ⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^P^r^io^r^ity^A^r^ea.^[S^{ec. 2104]}
^h^ttp^S^.^C^.^3831f]^2311(d)]
⁾^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^E^x^t^e^nd^{s p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh CY}^2012.^[Sec.^E^x^t^e^nd^{s p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh CY}^2012;^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^.
^th^o^r^{izes a o}ⁿ^{e m}^illioⁿ^acr^{e p}^ilo^t^2101(e)]^ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^ility^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e cer}^tain^am^en^dm^en^{t. En}^rollm^en^{t is}^{capped at}
^o^g^r^a^m^w^ithⁱⁿ^th^{e CRP}^f^o^r^w^e^tlan^d^{s an}^d^s^h^allow^w^a^{ter areas}^an^{d certain}^{100,000 acres}ⁱⁿ^an^y^{State an}^{d 1 m}^illion
^f^f^e^{r areas}^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3831h^]^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l d}^r^ain^a^g^e^w^a^ter^tr^eatm^eⁿ^t^acres^{total. A}^dds^con^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^ch^an^g^e^s^to
^collection^areas^{, an}^{d ex}^pan^d^s^th^{e elig}^ible^t^h^e^E^m^e^r^ge^nc^y^Fo^r^e^st^r^y^Co^nse^r^va^tⁱ^oⁿ
^bu^f^f^e^{r acreag}^{e. Directs}^USDA^to^R^e^s^e^rv^{e P}^r^og^ram^.^Ex^pan^d^s^en^rollm^en^t
^estab^lish^th^{e m}^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^{size o}^f^th^{e b}^u^f^f^e^r^of^w^e^tlan^d^an^{d bu}^f^f^e^{r acreag}^{e to in}^clu^d^e
^acr^eag^{e to}^b^e^en^r^o^lled^aloⁿ^g^w^ith^elig^ib^le^l^aⁿ^d^t^h^at^h^a^{d been}^{cropped du}^riⁿ^g^{3 of}
^lan^d^s^.^In^creas^es^th^{e m}^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^w^e^tlan^d^{10 crop y}^ears^pri^o^{r t}^o^{2002 an}^{d af}^t^e^r
^sⁱ^{ze to 40 con}^tig^u^o^u^s^acres^an^{d m}^a^k^e^s^all^{1990 an}^{d i}^s^s^u^bj^ect^t^o^{a n}^a^t^u^ral^ov^erf^l^ow
^acr^{es elig}^ib^{le f}^o^r^p^a^y^m^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2311(e)]}^of^{a prairie w}^e^tlan^d^.^[S^{ec. 2106]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^l^l^o^w^s^m^a^na^ge^d^ha^yⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^gr^a^zⁱ^{ng t}^o^A^l^l^o^w^s^m^a^na^ge^d^ha^yⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^gr^a^zⁱ^{ng t}^o^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^,
^ecifⁱ^{es a d}^u^ty^o^f^p^a^r^ticip^an^{ts is lim}^itin^g^con^t^{rol in}^v^a^sⁱ^v^e^s^p^ecies^{, an}^{d adds}^detail^con^t^{rol in}^v^a^sⁱ^v^e^s^p^ecies^an^{d perm}^its^a^l^l^o^wⁱ^{ng fo}^r^r^o^utⁱⁿ^e^gr^a^zⁱ^ng,ⁱⁿ^c^l^udⁱⁿ^g
^m^m^e^r^cⁱ^a^l^use^s^,ⁱⁿ^c^l^udⁱ^{ng ha}^yⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^oⁿ^allo^w^e^d^u^s^{es, en}^r^o^lled^lan^d^{s, an}^d^m^a^na^ge^d^ha^yⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^gr^a^zⁱ^{ng t}^h^a^tⁱ^s^a^p^a^r^t^gr^a^zⁱ^{ng t}^o^c^o^nt^r^o^lⁱ^nva^si^ve^sp^e^cⁱ^e^s^.
^azin^g^oⁿ^en^r^o^lled^lan^d^{s; allo}^w^s^a^d^j^u^st^m^e^nt^{s t}^o^a^nnua^l^c^o^nt^r^a^c^t^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^.^of^{a con}^s^erv^a^tion^plan^.^[S^{ec. 2311(h}⁾^]^A^d^d^itioⁿ^a^{l g}^uⁱ^d^aⁿ^{ce is p}^r^o^v^id^edⁱⁿ^th^e

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^na^ge^d^ha^yⁱ^ng/^gr^a^zⁱ^{ng und}^e^r^c^e^r^t^aⁱⁿ^[S^{ec. 2101(f)]}^Man^a^g^e^rs^s^t^atem^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2108]}^Gran^ts
^m^s^t^an^ces^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3832a(7)]^“^m^an^ag^em^en^{t on}^lan^d^{” s}^h^ou^{ld n}^o^{t res}^u^lt
ⁱⁿ^{a redu}^{ced pay}^m^en^{t, if}^don^{e in}
^accordan^{ce w}^ith^th^{e con}^t^ract.^[S^{ec. 2107]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^coⁿ^d^u^c^{t an}^d^m^a^k^e^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^{ill; also}^r^e^q^u^ir^es^Re^q^uⁱ^r^e^s^U^S^D^A^t^o^sur^v^e^y^a^nnua^l^l^y^t^h^e
^tablis^h^e^s^{a f}^r^am^ew^ork^f^o^{r calcu}^latin^g^a^v^aⁱ^l^a^b^l^e^aⁿ^a^nnua^l^sur^v^e^y^o^f^d^r^y^l^aⁿ^d^aⁿ^d^USDA^{to g}ⁱ^v^e^pref^eren^{ce to local ow}ⁿ^e^rs^{per acre es}^tim^ates^of^couⁿ^t^y^cas^h^ren^t^s
^l^r^e^nt^a^l^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^irrig^a^{ted croplan}^{d cas}^h^ren^t^{al rates}ⁱⁿ^all^{or operators}^w^h^en^con^s^iderin^g^com^p^etin^g^{paid to con}^t^{ract h}^o^lders^,^an^{d requ}^ires^th^at
^couⁿ^tⁱ^e^s^wⁱ^t^h^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{20,000 acres}^of^o^ffe^r^s^p^r^o^vⁱ^dⁱ^{ng e}^q^ui^va^l^e^nt^b^e^ne^fi^t^s^.^USDA^gⁱ^v^e^p^r^io^r^ity^to^o^f^f^e^r^s^f^r^o^m^lo^cal
^{crop an}^{d pas}^t^u^r^{e l}^aⁿ^d^.^[S^{ec. 2101(g)]}^[S^{ec. 2311(j}⁾^]^r^e^si^d^e^nt^{s i}^f^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n b}^e^ne^fi^t^s^a^r^e
^e^q^ui^va^l^e^nt^a^m^o^{ng o}^ffe^r^s^.^[S^{ec. 2110 ]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^llow^s^USDA^{to term}ⁱⁿ^{ate an}^y^con^t^ract^A^llow^USDA^{to term}ⁱⁿ^{ate a con}^t^{ract if}^a^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2111]}
^s^USDA^{to term}ⁱⁿ^{ate C}^R^P^con^t^racts^af^ter⁵^y^ear^{s, b}^u^{t p}^r^o^h^ib^{its ter}^mⁱⁿ^atin^g^retⁱ^r^{ed or di}^s^a^bl^{ed produ}^{cer h}^a^s^en^du^red
^ears^if^con^t^{ract w}^a^sⁱⁿ^ef^f^ect^con^t^racts^f^o^{r lan}^d^en^{rolled u}ⁿ^d^{er a}^fⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^{ial h}^a^rds^h^{ip becau}^s^e^of^tax^e^s^on
^o^{re 1/}^1/^95.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3835e]^c^o^ntⁱ^nuo^{us si}^gnup^.^[S^{ec. 2101(i}⁾^an^{d (j}^)]^ren^t^{al pay}^m^en^ts^.^[S^{ec. 2311(k)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^No^com^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^Specifⁱ^es^{a 50% f}^e^{deral s}^h^{are of}^cos^t
^g/w^sh^arⁱⁿ^g^p^a^y^m^en^{ts r}^e^latin^g^to^tr^ees,
^s^.or^wⁱⁿ^d^b^r^eak^{s, sh}^elter^b^{elts, an}^d^w^ild^lif^e
^le^ak^corri^dors^.^[S^{ec. 2109]}
^://wiki^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1244(a)}^{Facilitates th}^{e tr}^an^sf^er^o^f^CRP^lan^d^f^r^o^m^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h
^h^ttp^th^{e FSA}^to^au^th^o^r^{ize USDA}^to^p^r^o^v^id^e^a^r^e^tⁱ^rⁱ^{ng o}^w^ne^r^t^o^a^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng /}^so^cⁱ^a^l^l^y^-^m^odi^fⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^s^.^[S^{ec. 2111]}
^eⁿ^tⁱ^v^e^s^t^o^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng fa}^r^m^e^r^s/^r^a^nc^he^r^s^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d produ}^{cer t}^o^ret^u^rn^l^aⁿ^d^t^o⁽^No^te^:^S^u^pport^f^o^{r s}^o^ci^al^l^y^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^d
^d^Iⁿ^dⁱ^an^tr^ib^{es to}^p^a^r^ticip^{ate in}^coⁿ^-^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^,^an^{d al}^l^o^w^sⁿ^e^w^owⁿ^e^{r t}^o^an^{d lim}^{ited res}^o^u^r^{ce f}^a^rm^ers^/^ran^c^h^e^rs^are
^rv^atⁱ^oⁿ^prog^ram^s^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3844(a)]^begⁱⁿ^l^aⁿ^dⁱ^m^prov^em^en^t^s^{or s}^t^art^org^aⁿⁱ^cⁱⁿ^o^t^h^e^r^b^{ill sectio}ⁿ^s^.)
^certif^ication^proces^s^on^{e y}^{ear bef}^o^{re C}^R^P
^con^t^{ract ex}^pires^.^[S^{ec. 2101(h}⁾^]
^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^C^r^eat^esⁿ^e^w^F^l^{ooded F}^a^rm^l^aⁿ^d^Prog^ram^{Deletes th}^{is sectio}ⁿ^an^d^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^{es CRP}
^f^o^r^th^{e P}^r^airⁱ^{e P}^o^th^o^l^{e r}^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^w^ithⁱⁿ^th^e^an^{d W}^R^P^{to accom}^p^lis^h^th^{e in}^ten^t^of^th^e
^CRP^{. A}^llo^w^s^coⁿ^tin^u^o^u^s^en^r^o^llm^en^t.^Sen^a^{te am}^en^dm^en^{t, in}^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^ex^pan^dⁱⁿ^g
^Elig^{ible lan}^d^parcels^m^u^s^t^ex^{ceed 5 acres}^,^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^{s u}ⁿ^d^er^th^{e CRP}^p^ilo^t
^beenⁱⁿ^{capable of}^produ^ction^precedin^g³^prog^ram^f^o^{r w}^e^t^l^aⁿ^d^s^an^{d bu}^f^f^e^{r areas}
^{crop y}^ears^,^h^a^v^e^{a croppi}ⁿ^g^hⁱ^s^t^ory^,^an^d^[S^{ec. 2106]}^an^d^ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^s
^h^a^v^eⁿ^oⁿ^a^tu^r^a^{l o}^u^tlet.^[S^{ec. 2312]}^und^e^r^W^R^P^.^[S^{ec. 2201]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Cr^{eates n}^e^w^W^ild^lif^{e Hab}^{itat P}^r^o^g^r^a^m^{Deletes th}^{is sectio}ⁿ^an^d^m^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^{es CRP}^to
^f^o^r^CRP^p^a^r^ticip^an^{ts w}^ith^estab^lish^e^d^accom^m^{odate th}^{e in}^ten^t^of^th^{e Sen}^a^te
^s^o^f^t^w^{ood pi}ⁿ^e^s^t^an^ds^u^sⁱⁿ^g^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^am^en^d^m^en^{t. A}^d^d^itioⁿ^a^{l g}^uⁱ^d^aⁿ^{ce is}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^p^r^{actices th}^{at b}^eⁿ^e^f^{it w}^ild^lif^{e (}^c^oⁿ^tr^acts^prov^{ided in}^th^{e Man}^a^g^e^rs^s^t^atem^en^t.
^u^p^t^o^{5 y}^ears⁾^{. Prog}^ram^en^ds^S^e^pt^em^ber
^{30, 2011.}^[S^{ec. 2313]}
^e^tl^an^d^s^R^e^s^{erve Program}
^{e 1996 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1237(a)}^A^dds^{to th}^{e pu}^rpos^es^{to create an}^{d to}^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^m^en^ds^pu^rpos^es^t^o^res^t^{ore, prot}^ect^{, or}
^th^{e FSA}^to^au^th^o^r^{ize W}^R^P^,^statin^g^its^e^nha^nc^e^w^e^t^l^a^nd^s,^aⁿ^d^t^o^p^u^r^c^ha^se^en^h^aⁿ^{ce w}^e^tlan^d^s^on^priv^{ate or tribal}
^rpos^{e t}^o^res^t^{ore an}^{d prot}^ect^w^e^t^l^aⁿ^d^s^.^f^l^oodpl^aiⁿ^eas^em^en^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 2102(a)]}^lan^d^s.^[S^{ec. 2201]}
^.^S^.^C^.^3837a]
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^{Sets m}^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^en^r^o^llm^en^{t at 3}^.⁶⁰⁵^Se^t^s^a^nnua^l^fi^sc^a^l^y^e^a^r^eⁿ^r^o^l^l^m^eⁿ^t^go^a^l^o^f^{Sets m}^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^en^r^o^llm^en^{t at 3}^.⁰⁴¹
^a^xⁱ^m^u^m^en^r^o^llm^en^{t at 2}^.²⁷⁵^m^illio^{n a}^c^r^e^s^.^Se^{ts a}ⁿ^a^nnua^{l fisc}^a^l^y^e^a^r^{250,000 acres}^{, w}ⁱ^t^hⁿ^o^en^rol^l^m^en^t^af^t^e^r^m^illio^{n a}^c^r^e^s^.^Se^{ts a}^nnua^{l fisc}^a^l^y^e^a^r
^{n a}^c^r^e^s^,^w^{ith a}ⁿ^a^nnua^{l c}^a^l^eⁿ^d^a^r^en^rol^l^m^en^t^g^o^al^of^{250,000 acres}^{, of}^F^Y^2012.^[S^{ec. 2321]}^en^rol^l^m^en^t^g^o^al^of^{250,000 acres}^t^h^rou^g^h
^rol^l^m^en^t^g^o^al^of^{250,000 acres}^.^w^hⁱ^c^hⁿ^o^t^m^o^{re t}^h^an^{10,000 acres}^m^a^y^be^F^Y^2012.^[S^{ec. 2202-2203]}
^.^S^.^C^.^3837b]^f^l^{ood pl}^aiⁿ^eas^em^en^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 2102(b)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^N^e^w^se^c^tⁱ^o^{n a}^d^d^s^l^a^ngua^ge^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^zⁱⁿ^g^WR^{P f}^r^om^F^Y^2008-^12.^[S^{ec. 2402(h}⁾^]
^g/w
^s^.or^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^d^d^s^rⁱ^p^a^rⁱ^an^ar^{eas to}^elig^ib^{le w}^e^tlan^d^s,^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^{s u}ⁿ^d^er^W^R^P^to
^le^ak^lish^e^{s r}^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts f}^o^r^elig^ib^le^an^{d m}^a^k^e^s^elⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^f^l^oodpl^aiⁿ^l^aⁿ^dⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e croplan}^{d or g}^r^as^s^l^an^{d th}^{at w}^a^s
^{s t}^h^r^o^ugh^2007.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3837c]^f^l^{ooded i}ⁿ^t^h^{e pas}^t^cal^en^{dar y}^{ear or at}^u^s^ed^f^o^r^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l p}^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^p^r^io^r^to
^://wiki^leas^{t tw}^{ice in}^th^{e pas}^t^{10 y}^ears^,^an^{d lan}^d^f^l^oodiⁿ^g^f^r^om^t^h^{e n}^a^t^u^ral^ov^erf^l^ow^of^a
^h^ttp^t^h^at^con^t^ri^bu^t^e^s^t^o^f^l^{ood w}^a^t^e^{r s}^t^orag^e,^cl^os^{ed bas}ⁱⁿ^l^a^k^e^{or pot}^h^o^l^e^.^[S^{ec. 2203]}
^f^l^ow^{, or eros}ⁱ^oⁿ^con^t^rol^.^[S^{ec. 2102(c)]}^A^d^d^s^ter^m^{s to}^“^m^{eet h}^a^b^{itat n}^eed^{s o}^f
^s^p^ecifⁱ^{c w}^ildlif^{e s}^p^ecies^.”^[S^{ec. 2204]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s in}^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^{s to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^e^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s in}^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^{s to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^e
^tif^{ies in}^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e lan}^d^s^f^l^oodpl^aiⁿ^s^w^h^{ere res}^t^oratⁱ^oⁿ^practⁱ^ces^fa^r^m^e^d^w^e^t^l^a^nd^o^r^c^o^nve^r^t^e^d^w^e^t^l^a^nd^,
^ead^y^p^l^an^ted^to^tim^b^e^rⁱⁿ^th^{e CRP}^.^[16^w^o^u^l^{d n}^o^t^{be produ}^ctⁱ^v^{e or t}^h^{e l}^aⁿ^dⁱ^s^tog^e^th^{er w}^ith^th^{e adj}^acen^{t lan}^d^th^{at is}
^S^.^C^.^3837e]^already^protected.^[S^{ec. 2102(d)]}^f^uⁿ^c^tioⁿ^a^lly^d^e^p^eⁿ^d^en^{t o}ⁿ^th^{e w}^e^tlan^d^s,
^ex^{cept w}^e^tlan^d^s^con^v^e^{rted bef}^o^re
^Decem^{ber 23, 1985.}^[S^{ec. 2203]}
^(f^{) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Lⁱ^m^{its co}^m^p^en^satioⁿ^to^lo^w^e^{st o}^f⁴^Lⁱ^m^{its co}^m^p^en^satioⁿ^to^lo^w^e^{st o}^f³^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^,
^com^p^en^s^a^tion^{to be paid in}^cas^h⁽ⁱⁿ^o^p^tioⁿ^s^{: p}^e^r^cen^tag^e^o^f^th^{e f}^a^ir^m^a^r^k^et^option^s^{: an}^am^ouⁿ^tⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^to^r^e^vⁱ^sin^g^th^{e p}^r^o^{cess f}^o^r^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^th^e
^m^en^ts^{) an}^{d n}^o^{t to ex}^{ceed th}^e^v^a^lu^{e; percen}^tag^e^of^m^a^rk^{et v}^a^lu^e^en^cou^r^ag^{e en}^rollm^en^{t; a lim}^{it f}^o^{r a}^v^a^lu^{e of}^eas^em^en^ts^an^{d con}^t^racts^by
^a^rk^{et v}^a^lu^{e, as}^redu^{ced by}^th^e^determⁱⁿ^{ed by}^{a s}^u^rv^ey^{; a g}^e^og^raph^ic^g^e^og^raphⁱ^c^area;^{or a l}^aⁿ^dowⁿ^e^r’^s^of^f^e^r.^r^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^g^USDA^to^p^r^o^v^id^{e th}^{e lo}^w^e^st
^em^en^t.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3837a(f)]^cap^{; o}^r^{a lan}^d^o^wⁿ^e^r^’^{s o}^f^f^e^r^.^A^llo^w^s^Co^m^p^en^satioⁿ^m^a^y^b^eⁱⁿ¹^to³⁰^am^ouⁿ^t^of^com^p^en^s^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^bas^e^{d on}^a
^U^S^D^A^t^o^use^no^n-fe^d^e^r^a^l^c^o^nt^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^o^pay^m^en^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 2322(b)(3-4)]}^com^p^aris^on^of^th^{e f}^a^{ir m}^a^rk^{et v}^a^lu^{e of}
^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^{er prog}^ram^[S^{ec. 2102(e)]}^th^{e lan}^d^{, a g}^e^og^raph^{ic cap, or an}^of^f^e^r

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^m^a^{de by}^t^h^{e l}^aⁿ^dowⁿ^e^{r. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^t^h^at
^eas^em^en^t^s^wⁱ^t^h^v^a^l^u^es^l^e^s^s^t^h^an^$500,000
^{be pai}^d^ou^t^ov^{er 1-}^{30 y}^ears^;^eas^em^en^t^s
^wⁱ^t^h^v^a^l^u^es^g^r^eat^{er t}^h^an^{$500,000 are t}^o
^{be pai}^d^ou^t^ov^{er 5-}^{30 y}^ears^.^[S^{ec. 2208]}
^P^r^ov^ides^f^o^{r th}^{e repeal of}^pay^m^en^t
^lim^itatioⁿ^s⁽^e^x^cep^tioⁿ^f^o^r^State
^ag^reem^en^ts^f^o^{r n}^e^w^W^e^tlan^d^s^R^e^s^e^rv^e
^En^h^aⁿ^cem^en^{t P}^r^og^ram^.^[S^{ec. 2209]}
^{(c) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^d^d^sⁿ^e^w^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l cr}^iterⁱ^{a f}^o^r^r^aⁿ^kⁱⁿ^g^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2207]}
^r^{ee co}ⁿ^s^id^er^atioⁿ^s^USDA^{is to}^u^s^e^o^f^f^e^r^s⁽^c^oⁿ^ser^v^atioⁿ^b^eⁿ^e^f^{its; co}^st-
^en^con^s^iderin^g^of^f^e^rs^f^o^{r W}^R^P^ef^f^ectiv^en^es^s^;^an^{d of}^f^e^{r of}^{a f}ⁱⁿ^aⁿ^c^ial
^t^racts^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3837c(c)]^c^o^nt^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^oⁿ⁾^aⁿ^d^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n b}^e^ne^fi^t^s
^of^f^l^oodpl^aiⁿ^l^aⁿ^d^s^.^[S^{ec. 2102(f)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{(c)(4) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^Rep^l^{aces p}^r^o^v^isio^{n w}^{ith a new}^language^A^u^th^o^r^{izes a W}^e^tlan^d^{s Reser}^v^e^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^au^t^h^ori^zⁱⁿ^g
^g/w^en^d^e^d^,^w^a^iv^{es lim}^{its f}^o^r^p^u^b^{lic en}^tities^a^y^m^{ents thr}^o^{ugh the w}^e^tland^on^W^e^tlan^d^R^e^s^e^rv^{e En}^h^aⁿ^cem^en^t^prog^ram^,^w^h^{ere s}^t^ates^con^t^ribu^{te f}^uⁿ^d^s^s^o^E^nha^nc^e^m^eⁿ^t^P^r^o^g^r^a^m⁽^W^RE^P⁾^.^M^a^ke^s^{a con}^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^ch^an^g^e^{to allow}^pay^m^en^ts^W^R^EP^f^o^{r ag}^reem^en^ts^w^ith^States^sⁱ^m^ilar^{to C}^R^E^P^.^A^u^th^orizes^{a R}^e^s^e^rv^{ed R}ⁱ^g^h^t^s
^s^.or^{d en}^vⁱ^ron^m^en^{tal en}^h^aⁿ^cem^en^t^as^{to in}^creas^{e pay}^m^en^ts^.^[S^{ec. 2102(g)]}^f^o^{r 30-}^y^{ear con}^t^racts^.^[S^{ec. 2322(c)]}^P^ilo^{t p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^[S^{ec. 2205-2206]}
^le^ak^ram^s^.^{[16 U.S}^.^C^.^d(c)(4)]
^://wiki^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^es^{a report to Hou}^s^{e an}^{d Sen}^a^te^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2210]}
^h^ttp^A^g^ri^cu^l^t^u^{re C}^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^by^1/^1/^{2010 on}
^th^{e im}^p^licatioⁿ^s^o^f^loⁿ^g^-^ter^m^easem^en^ts
^oⁿ^USDA^reso^u^r^ces.^[S^{ec. 2322(d)]}
ⁿ^s^ervati^oⁿ^S^ecu^ri^{ty Program}
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded th}^{e FSA}^to^Es^t^a^blⁱ^s^h^e^s^{a n}^e^w^C^S^{P f}^o^{r F}^Y^2012-^2017.^A^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012 a n}^e^w^C^S^P^Defⁱⁿ^e^s^prog^ram^t^e^rm^s^f^o^{r t}^h^{e n}^e^w^C^S^P^.
^lish^th^{e Co}ⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^Secu^r^ity^Elig^ib^{le p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s m}^u^{st su}^b^m^{it an}^o^f^f^e^r^as^{a con}^f^ormⁱⁿ^g^am^en^dm^en^{t, an}^d^A^dopt^s^el^em^en^t^s^of^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.
^ram^(C^S^P^{) f}^o^{r F}^Y^2003-^{11. D}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^s^ad^d^r^essin^g^“^a^{t least o}ⁿ^{e p}^r^io^r^ity^r^e^so^u^r^ce^reau^th^orizes^cu^rren^t^C^S^P^f^o^{r ex}^is^tin^g^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^{s to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^e
^ib^{le p}^r^o^d^u^cer^{s an}^d^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^{s an}^d^of^con^cern^{to a m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^lev^e^{l of}^con^t^racts^on^ly^{. Fu}^tu^{re C}^S^P^con^t^ractsⁿ^oⁿⁱⁿ^d^u^s^tr^{ial p}^r^iv^{ate f}^o^r^e^{st lan}^d⁽^lim^ited
^clu^d^{ed lan}^d^s^(lan^{d en}^{rolled in}^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^tⁱⁿ^ten^s^ity^{.” Elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^w^o^u^l^{d be replaced by}^{a C}^o^m^p^reh^eⁿ^s^iv^e^t^o^no^t^m^o^r^e^t^h^aⁿ¹⁰^%^o^f^t^o^t^a^l^a^nnua^l
^ltiy^ear^lan^d^r^e^tir^em^en^{t p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^an^d^ex^clu^d^esⁱⁿ^ciden^t^{al f}^o^res^t^lan^d^{. L}ⁱ^m^its^Stew^ards^hⁱ^{p In}^cen^tiv^es^P^r^og^ram^acres^uⁿ^d^{er th}^{e prog}^ram⁾^{. P}^e^rm^its^5-^y^ear
^dⁿ^o^{t in}^cr^o^p^p^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^{at least 4}^o^f^prog^ram^t^o^on^{e t}^y^{pe of}^con^t^ract^of⁵^c^o^nsi^s^tⁱ^{ng o}^f^a^Co^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n St}^e^w^a^r^d^s^hi^p^ex^ten^s^ion^of^con^t^racts^.^Ex^clu^d^es^uⁿ^d^er
^g^{6 y}^ears⁾^{. Specif}ⁱ^es^term^s^y^ears^;^des^c^ribes^fⁱ^v^e^elem^en^ts^{to be in}^all^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^w^ith^sim^ilar^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^o^f^th^e^th^{e prog}^ram^,^lan^d^u^s^{ed f}^o^{r croplan}^{d th}^at
^{r 3 tiers}^of^con^s^erv^a^tion^con^t^racts^.^coⁿ^t^r^{acts, b}^u^{t elim}ⁱⁿ^{ates list o}^f^to^pⁱ^{cs to}^ex^istin^g^CSP^an^d^EQI^P^{. Elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^h^a^{d n}^o^{t been}^plan^{ted, con}^s^{idered to be}
^tⁱ^fⁱ^e^s^t^opi^cs^t^h^at^m^a^y^{be addres}^s^e^{d i}ⁿ^b^e^ad^d^r^essed^.^P^r^o^h^ib^{its ter}^mⁱⁿ^atioⁿ^o^f^m^u^s^t^h^a^v^e^been^pl^an^t^e^{d t}^o^crops^{4 of}^pl^an^t^e^{d, or dev}^o^t^e^{d t}^o^{crop produ}^ctⁱ^oⁿ
^t^racts^.^C^oⁿ^t^racts^{are 5 y}^ears^uⁿ^d^{er tier}^con^t^ract^s^,^wⁱ^t^h^ou^t^pen^a^l^t^y^{, by}^{a produ}^cer^precedin^g^{6 y}^ears^.^Specifⁱ^es^con^t^{ract are}^f^o^{r 4 of}^t^h^{e 6 y}^ears^pri^o^{r t}^o^t^h^{e dat}^e^of
^{d 5 t}^o^{10 y}^ears^uⁿ^d^{er t}ⁱ^e^rs^{2 an}^{d 3.}^w^h^{o is}^requ^{ired to m}^odif^y^{a con}^t^ract.^f^o^r⁵^y^ear^{s, w}^ith^r^eⁿ^e^w^a^{l u}ⁿ^d^er^cer^tain^en^actm^eⁿ^t^of^th^{e act (u}ⁿ^l^es^s^th^{e lan}^d^h^a^d

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
ⁱ^es^circu^m^s^t^an^ces^an^{d requ}^irem^en^ts^A^l^l^o^w^s^con^t^ract^s^t^o^{be ren}^e^w^e^{d f}^o^{r on}^e^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^{. A}^llo^w^s^f^o^r^ter^mⁱⁿ^atin^g^an^d^p^r^ev^io^u^s^ly^b^een^en^r^o^lledⁱⁿ^CRP^{; h}^a^d
^r^m^o^dⁱ^fyⁱ^ng,^t^e^r^mⁱⁿ^a^tⁱ^ng,^aⁿ^d^r^e^ne^wⁱ^ng^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l 5}^y^ear^p^e^rⁱ^o^d^.^A^d^d^sⁿ^e^w^ch^an^gⁱⁿ^g^con^t^racts^.^Specifⁱ^es^h^o^w^to^b^een^m^aⁱⁿ^tain^edⁱⁿ^{a lo}ⁿ^g^ter^m^cr^o^p
^t^racts^.^C^oⁿ^t^racts^m^a^y^{be ren}^e^w^e^{d f}^o^r^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^on^ev^al^u^a^tⁱⁿ^g^of^f^e^rs^f^r^om^ev^alu^a^{te con}^t^{ract of}^f^e^rs^{, produ}^{cer du}^ties^,^r^o^tatioⁿ^;^o^r^w^a^{s in}^cid^eⁿ^t^{al lan}^dⁿ^eed^ed
^o^{10 y}^ears^.^D^e^fⁱⁿ^e^s^{15 t}^e^rm^s^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^c^p^r^o^d^u^c^e^r^s.^D^e^fi^ne^{s t}^w^e^l^ve^t^e^r^m^s^en^h^aⁿ^cem^en^{t term}^s^,^an^{d s}^u^pple-^m^eⁿ^t^al^fo^r^e^ffi^cⁱ^eⁿ^t^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ⁾^.^[S^{ec. 2301]}
^aiⁿⁱⁿ^g^t^o^t^h^{e prog}^ram^.^t^h^at^{are n}^e^w^t^e^rm^s^{or di}^f^f^e^{r f}^r^om^pri^o^r^pay^m^en^t^s^{. D}^e^fⁱⁿ^e^s^{15 t}^e^rm^s^.^[Secs^.
^.^S^.^C^.^3838]^law^.^[S^{ec. 2103(a)]}^{2391 an}^{d 2341]}
^1238A^(d-³^{) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^Lⁱ^mⁱ^t^s^prog^ram^t^o^{1 t}^y^{pe of}^con^t^ract^of⁵^Defⁱⁿ^e^{s elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^an^d^elig^ib^le^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h
^en^{ded, s}^p^ecifⁱ^es^term^s^f^o^{r 3 tiers}^of^y^ears^an^{d des}^c^ribes^{5 elem}^en^ts^{to be in}^produ^cers^;^l^aⁿ^d^m^u^s^t^h^a^v^e^been^pl^an^t^e^d^m^odifⁱ^cation^s^{. A}^u^th^orizes^s^u^pplem^en^tal
^s^erv^a^tion^con^t^racts^.^Iden^tif^ies^topics^{all co}ⁿ^t^r^{acts, b}^u^{t elim}ⁱⁿ^{ates list o}^f^to^pⁱ^cs^{to crops}^{4 of}^precedin^g^{6 y}^ears^.^C^oⁿ^t^en^ts^pay^m^en^t^s^f^o^{r produ}^cers^w^h^{o adopt}^a
^a^y^{be addres}^s^e^{d in}^con^t^racts^.^t^o^{be addres}^s^e^{d. C}^oⁿ^t^ract^s^cou^l^{d n}^o^of^con^t^racts^{are s}^p^ecifⁱ^{ed an}^{d are f}^o^{r 5}^ben^e^fⁱ^ci^al^{crop rot}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^t^h^at^provⁱ^d^e
ⁿ^t^racts^{are 5 y}^ears^uⁿ^d^{er tier 1, an}^{d 5}^loⁿ^g^e^r^b^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ated^{, w}^ith^o^u^{t p}^eⁿ^a^lty^{, b}^y^y^ear^{s, w}^ith^r^eⁿ^e^w^a^{l if}^cer^tain^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^si^gni^fi^c^aⁿ^t^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n b}^e^ne^fi^t^s^aⁿ^d^a^r^e
^ears^uⁿ^d^{er tiers}^{2 an}^{d 3. Specif}ⁱ^es^{a produ}^{cer w}^h^{o i}^s^requⁱ^r^{ed t}^o^m^odi^f^y^a^{are m}^e^{t. Specif}ⁱ^es^coⁿ^s^id^er^atioⁿ^sⁱⁿⁿ^o^t^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d t}^o^{a part}ⁱ^c^u^l^{ar crop, croppi}ⁿ^g
^m^s^t^an^ces^an^{d requ}^irem^en^ts^f^o^r^con^t^{ract. C}^oⁿ^t^racts^m^a^y^{be ren}^e^w^e^{d f}^o^r^ev^alu^a^tin^g^con^t^{ract of}^f^e^rs^{, produ}^cer^s^y^s^t^em^{, or reg}ⁱ^on^of^th^{e cou}ⁿ^t^ry^{. A}^llow^s
^dⁱ^fyⁱ^ng,^t^e^r^mⁱⁿ^a^tⁱ^ng,^aⁿ^d^r^e^ne^wⁱ^ng¹^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l 5}^y^ear^p^e^rⁱ^o^d^.^New^du^ties^,^en^h^aⁿ^cem^en^{t term}^s^,^an^d^f^o^{r on}^-^f^a^rm^con^s^erv^a^tion^res^earch^an^d
^t^racts^.^C^oⁿ^t^racts^m^a^y^{be ren}^e^w^e^{d f}^o^r^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^on^ev^al^u^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^of^f^e^rs^an^d^s^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^pay^m^en^t^s^{. A}^dds^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^d^e^m^oⁿ^s^tr^atioⁿ^activ^{ities an}^d^p^ilo^t-^testin^g
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^o^{10 y}^ears^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3838a(d-e)]^co^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^tioⁿ^w^ith^o^r^g^aⁿⁱ^{c cer}^tif^icatioⁿ^oⁿ^t^e^r^mⁱⁿ^a^tⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^c^h^a^ngi^{ng c}^o^nt^r^a^c^t^s.^as^{part of}^con^t^{ract of}^f^e^rs^{. A}^llow^s^f^o^r
^g/w^{are added.}^[S^{ec. 2103(a)]}^[S^{ec. 2341]}^con^t^{ract m}^odifⁱ^cation^.^[S^{ec 2301]}
^s^.or^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^lter^s^d^u^{ties o}^f^th^{e Secr}^etar^y^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^e^A^lter^s^d^u^{ties o}^f^th^{e Secr}^etar^y^to^allo^w^f^o^r^P^r^ov^ides^th^{at s}^t^{ate acreag}^{e allocation}^s^be
^le^ak^ecifⁱ^es^th^{at du}^ties^of^th^{e Secretary}^id^en^tif^icatioⁿ^o^f^p^r^io^r^ity^r^e^so^u^r^{ces o}^f^coⁿ^tin^u^o^u^s^en^r^o^llm^en^{t (}^a^llo^wⁱⁿ^g^a^bas^e^{d on}^each^s^t^ate’^s^proportion^of
^://wiki^d^{e m}^a^kⁱⁿ^g^pay^m^en^ts^earlyⁱⁿ^each^{cal y}^{ear, th}^{e com}^pon^en^ts^of^pay^m^en^ts^coⁿ^cerⁿ^{at th}^{e state lev}^e^{l (}^lim^ited^to⁵^con^cern^sⁱⁿ^an^y^g^e^og^raph^{ic area of}^a^produ^{cer to apply}^{at an}^y^tim^{e du}^rin^g^th^e^y^{ear), prov}^idin^g^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to produ}^cers^,^elig^ib^{le acr}^{es to}^th^{e to}^{tal elig}^ib^{le acr}^esⁿ^a^tioⁿ^w^id^{e (}^a^v^a^ilab^l^{e to}^{all p}^r^o^d^u^cer^s,
^h^ttp^r^{each tier}^,^{annual p}^a^y^m^{ent lim}^{its f}^o^r^state)^{. L}ⁱ^m^{its to}^{tal p}^a^y^m^en^{ts u}ⁿ^d^er^a^an^{d m}^aⁱⁿ^tainⁱⁿ^g^con^t^{ract an}^{d pay}^m^en^tⁿ^o^{t on}^ly^s^p^ecifⁱ^{c w}^a^ters^h^e^ds^/g^eog^r^aphⁱ^c
^{tier ($20,000 f}^o^{r tier 1, $35,000 f}^o^r^con^t^ract^t^o^{$150,000 (5 y}^ears⁾^;^al^l^o^w^sⁱⁿ^f^o^rm^ation^th^{at w}^{ill s}^u^{pport prog}^ram^r^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^s)^{, allo}^wⁱⁿ^g^f^o^rⁱⁿ^p^u^{t f}^r^o^m^USDA^.
^{r 2, an}^{d $45,000 f}^o^{r t}ⁱ^e^{r 3), m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^f^o^{r th}^{e en}^vⁱ^ron^m^en^{tal n}^eeds^as^s^o^ciated^m^oⁿ^itorin^g^an^{d ev}^alu^a^tion^,^an^{d en}^ablin^g^Dⁱ^rect^s^U^S^D^A^t^o^adopt^con^tⁱⁿ^u^o^u^s
^irem^en^ts^f^o^{r practices}^{, an}^d^w^ith^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^e^to^b^e^coⁿ^s^id^er^edⁱⁿ^state^s^p^ecialty^{crop produ}^cers^{to participate.}^en^r^o^llm^en^{t, b}^u^{t allo}^w^s^f^o^r^USDA^to
^u^ir^em^en^{ts f}^o^r^im^p^l^em^en^tin^g^allo^catioⁿ^s^{; r}^e^q^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^co^m^p^ile^Sp^ecifⁱ^{es an}^acr^eag^{e allo}^catioⁿ^,^lim^itin^g^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{e w}^h^en^to^r^aⁿ^k^ap^p^licatioⁿ^s^.
^a^tⁱ^o^ns^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3838c]^{data of}^s^p^ecifⁱ^{ed prog}^ram^con^t^{ract an}^d^pay^m^en^t^s^t^o^{$240,000 (6-}^y^ear).^Directs^USDA^{to prov}^{ide tech}ⁿⁱ^cal
^pay^m^en^t^t^opi^cs^.^[S^{ec. 2103 (a)]}^[S^ecs^{. 2391 an}^{d 2341]}^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to s}^p^ecialty^{crop an}^{d org}^aⁿⁱ^c
^produ^cers^.^Directs^USDA^{to en}^cou^r^ag^e
^p^r^o^d^u^cer^{s w}^h^o^ar^{e tr}^an^sitioⁿⁱⁿ^g^f^r^o^m
^lan^d^r^e^tir^em^en^{t p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^to^en^r^o^{ll in}
^C^S^{P an}^{d ot}^h^e^{r w}^o^rkⁱⁿ^g^l^aⁿ^d^s^prog^ram^s^.
^Lⁱ^mⁱ^t^s^pay^m^en^t^s^t^o^{$200,000 i}ⁿ^an^y^5-
^y^{ear peri}^od.^[S^{ec. 2301]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^P^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^en^r^o^llm^en^{t o}^f^u^p^to⁷⁹^.⁶²⁸^{Deletes Sen}^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^En^r^o^{lls an}
^m^illio^{n a}^c^r^e^s^aⁿ^d^a^tte^m^p^te^d^a^nnua^l^a^d^d^itio^na^{l 1}²^.⁸^m^illio^{n a}^c^r^e^s^a^nnua^lly
^en^rollm^en^{t of}^{13.273 m}^illion^acres^,^F^Y^2008-^2017.^[S^{ec. 2301]}

^na^tⁱ^o^nwⁱ^d^e^aⁿ^d^a^t^a^a^v^e^r^a^g^e^a^nnua^l^c^o^st

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^of^{$19 per acre. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r s}^m^al^l^f^a^rm
^{participation}^,^an^{d allocates}^{to each}^s^t^ate
^each^y^{ear th}^{e les}^s^e^{r of}^{20,000 acres}^or
²^.²^%^o^f^th^{e elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^.^[S^{ec. 2341]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^{es r}^e^g^u^l^atioⁿ^s^to^b^e^issu^ed^w^ithⁱⁿ^{Deletes Sen}^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Dir^{ects USDA}
^{180 day}^s^of^en^act^m^eⁿ^t^.^[S^{ec. 2341]}^t^o^p^r^o^m^ul^ga^t^e^r^e^gul^a^tⁱ^o^ns.^[S^{ec. 2301]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^P^r^oh^ibits^an^yⁿ^e^w^con^t^racts^uⁿ^d^{er th}^e^P^r^oh^ibits^an^yⁿ^e^w^con^t^racts^uⁿ^d^{er th}^e^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^T^h^{e Man}^a^g^e^r’^s
^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^t^h^e^t^e^rm^s^of^t^h^{e 2002 C}^S^{P, s}^u^ch^t^h^atⁿ^oⁿ^e^w^t^e^rm^s^of^t^h^{e 2002 C}^S^{P, s}^u^ch^t^h^atⁿ^oⁿ^e^w^r^e^p^o^r^{t states th}^{at th}^{e b}^{ill p}^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^a
^P^{at $1.954 billio}ⁿ^f^o^{r FY2006-}^{10 an}^d^C^S^P^con^t^racts^m^a^y^{be en}^{tered in}^{to af}^ter^C^S^P^con^t^racts^m^a^y^{be en}^{tered in}^{to af}^ter^$¹^.¹^b^illioⁿⁱⁿ^cr^{ease in}^b^u^d^g^{et au}^th^o^r^ity
ⁿ^f^r^om^FY2006-^15.^[16^O^c^t^{ober 1, 2007 (al}^t^h^o^{ugh p}^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^m^a^y^O^c^t^{ober 1, 2007 (al}^t^h^o^{ugh p}^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^m^a^y^abov^{e cu}^rren^t^bas^e^lⁱⁿ^{e (F}^Y^2008-^2017).
^S^.^C^.^3841(a)(3)]^b^e^coⁿ^tin^u^e^d^uⁿ^{til co}ⁿ^t^r^{acts ex}^pⁱ^r^e⁾^.^Fo^r^b^e^coⁿ^tin^u^e^d^uⁿ^{til co}ⁿ^t^r^{acts ex}^pⁱ^r^e⁾^.^P^r^ov^ides^s^u^ch^s^u^m^s^asⁿ^eces^s^a^ry^{to carry}
^con^t^ract^s^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d bef}^o^{re 10/}^1/^{07, prov}ⁱ^d^es^A^u^th^o^r^{izes $}²^.³^b^illioⁿⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^ou^{t ex}^is^tin^g^C^S^P^con^t^racts^.^[S^{ec. 2701]}
^{a to}^{tal o}^f^$¹^.⁵^b^illioⁿⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^c^o^nt^r^a^c^t^{s e}ⁿ^t^e^r^e^dⁱⁿ^t^o^b^e^fo^r^e
^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r FY2007-}^12,^an^{d $1.}^{9 billion}^th^{e d}^a^{te o}^f^en^actm^eⁿ^t^{, (}^a^v^a^ilab^l^{e u}ⁿ^til
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^f^o^{r F}^Y^2012-^{17. F}^o^{r con}^t^ract^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d af}^t^e^r^s^p^en^{t) an}^{d an}^uⁿ^s^pecifⁱ^{ed am}^ouⁿ^t^f^o^{r th}^e
^g/w¹⁰^/¹^/¹¹^,^p^r^o^v^id^{es $}⁰^.⁵^b^illioⁿ^f^o^r^{FY2012 an}^{d $4.}^{6 billion}^f^o^{r FY2012-}^17.ⁿ^e^w^CSP⁽^eⁿ^r^o^llm^en^{t in}^th^{e n}^e^w^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^is^m^eas^u^r^{ed in}^acres^rath^{er th}^an^dollars^).
^s^.or^[S^{ec. 2401(b)]}^[S^{ec. 2401(a)(3-4)]}
^le^ak
^://wiki^vi^ron^m^en^tal^Q^u^alⁱ^t^{y I}ⁿ^cen^ti^ves^Program
^h^ttp^{e 1996 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1240 of}^A^d^d^s^fo^r^e^st^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^aⁿ^d^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^c^A^dds^f^o^res^t^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^{to th}^{e s}^t^atem^en^t^A^dds^f^o^res^t^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^t^o^pu^rpos^es^,
^to^au^th^o^r^{ize EQI}^P^{, statin}^g^its^tr^an^sitioⁿ^to^th^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^p^u^r^p^o^s^es.^of^prog^ram^pu^rpos^es^{, an}^{d recog}ⁿⁱ^zes^aⁿ^d^a^d^d^s^l^a^ngua^ge^r^e^ga^r^dⁱ^{ng fo}^r^e^st^l^a^nd^s
^rpos^{e as}^prom^otⁱⁿ^g^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^an^d^R^e^vⁱ^s^e^s^t^h^{e des}^c^ri^ptⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^{2 of}^t^h^{e 5}^p^o^llin^ato^r^{s an}^d^f^u^{els m}^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^tⁱⁿ^th^e^on^EQ^{IP prog}^ram^pl^an^an^{d du}^plⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^.
^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^en^{tal q}^u^ality^{as co}^m^p^atib^le^pu^rpos^es^{to recog}ⁿⁱ^{ze en}^erg^y^am^plif^yⁱⁿ^g^s^t^atem^en^ts^.^[S^ecs^{. 2351,}^[S^ecs^{. 2505-2506]}^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e
^a^l^s,^aⁿ^d^o^p^tⁱ^mⁱ^zⁱ^{ng e}^nvi^r^o^nm^eⁿ^t^a^l^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n a}ⁿ^d^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n o}ⁿ^fo^r^e^st^{2352, an}^{d 2354]}^A^d^d^s^aq^u^acu^ltu^r^e^to^th^e^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^w^ith^an^am^en^d^m^en^{t to}^m^o^dⁱ^f^y
^e^f^its^by^w^o^rkⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^{5 s}^p^ecifⁱ^{ed areas}^.^lan^d^s.^[S^{ec. 2105(a)]}^A^dds^f^o^res^t^ry^,^“^e^lig^ib^{le lan}^d^{” d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^;^f^o^r^e^str^y^is^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^.^[S^{ec. 2502]}^A^llo^w^s^f^o^r
^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa]^De^fine^{s 6}^te^r^m^s:^f^o^res^t^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^practices^{, an}^d^{added t}^o^t^h^{e “}^l^an^{d m}^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^techⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to f}^a^rm^ers^th^at
^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng fa}^r^m^e^r^o^r^r^a^nc^he^r^,^e^lⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^co^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^ted^im^p^l^em^en^tatioⁿ^to^th^{e “}^l^an^d^p^r^{actice” d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^;^ad^d^s^coⁿ^s^erv^a^tioⁿ^p^r^o^m^o^t^{e p}^o^llin^ato^r^h^a^b^{itats, an}^d^f^a^r^m^er^s
^,^l^a^nd^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^p^r^a^c^tⁱ^c^e^,^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^p^r^{actice” d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^A^d^d^s^planⁿⁱⁿ^g^practices^{to “}^p^ractices^{;” def}ⁱⁿ^e^s^tr^an^sitioⁿⁱⁿ^g^to^o^r^g^aⁿⁱ^{c f}^a^r^mⁱⁿ^g^,^am^oⁿ^g
^es^tock^{, practice, an}^{d s}^t^ru^ctu^r^al^alpacas^an^{d bis}^oⁿ^{to th}^{e “}^liv^es^tock^”^“^p^rodu^{cer” to in}^clu^d^{e cu}^s^t^om^f^eedin^g^activ^ities.^[S^{ec. 2501]}^F^u^rt^h^e^{r cl}^ari^fⁱ^e^s
^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^.^A^d^d^s^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^s^o^f^bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^e^s^an^{d con}^t^{ract g}^r^ow^ers^;^an^d^du^ties^of^th^{e Secretary}^.^[S^{ec. 2507]}
^“i^nt^e^g^r^a^t^e^d^p^e^st^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^”^aⁿ^d^ad^d^s^fⁱ^r^e^b^r^eak^{s to}^“^s^tr^u^c^tu^r^a^{l p}^r^actice.”
^“^s^oci^a^l^l^y^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d f}^a^rm^{er or}^[S^{ec. 2352]}
^r^a^nc^he^r^.^”^[S^{ec. 2105(b)]}
^c^{) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. Ex}^pan^d^s^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. Ex}^pan^d^s^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012. L}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^s
^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^E^Q^I^P^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2010.^ty^p^e^{s o}^f^elig^ib^{le p}^r^{actices to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^e^p^e^r^m^itted^p^r^{actices to}ⁱⁿ^clu^d^e^pay^m^en^t^s^t^o^75%^of^cos^t^s^.^[S^{ec. 2503]}
^{ible practices}^{are def}ⁱⁿ^e^{d. C}^oⁿ^t^racts^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^c^c^e^r^tⁱ^fⁱ^c^a^tⁱ^o^{n usi}^{ng t}^e^c^hni^c^a^l^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^l^aⁿⁿⁱ^ng.^Li^mⁱ^t^s^c^o^nt^r^a^c^t^s^L^o^w^e^r^sⁱⁿ^dⁱ^vⁱ^d^u^{al p}^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{its f}^r^o^m

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^ears^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-^s^e^rvⁱ^ces^f^r^om^approv^{ed prov}ⁱ^d^ers^,^an^d^t^o^a^ma^xⁱ^mu^{m o}^f⁵^ye^a^r^s^.^R^e^mo^v^e^s^{$450,000 t}^o^{$300,000 du}^riⁿ^g^an^y^6-^y^ear
^im^prov^{ed en}^erg^y^ef^fⁱ^cien^cy^{, ren}^e^w^a^ble^p^r^o^h^ib^itioⁿ^s^oⁿ^bⁱ^d^dⁱⁿ^g^d^o^wⁿ^.^[Sec.^{period , ex}^{cept in}^cas^es^of^s^p^ecial
^en^erg^y^s^y^s^t^em^s^.^[S^{ec. 2105(c)]}^2353(a-c)]^e^nvi^r^o^nm^eⁿ^t^a^l^si^gni^fi^c^aⁿ^c^e⁽ⁱ^nc^l^u^dⁱ^ng
^proj^ectsⁱⁿ^v^o^lvⁱⁿ^g^m^e^th^an^{e dig}^e^s^t^ers⁾^,
^allo^wⁱⁿ^g^USDA^to^r^a^{ise th}^{e lim}^{it to}ⁿ^o^t
^m^o^{re t}^h^an^$450,000.^[S^{ec. 2508]}
^Directs^USDA^{to dev}^e^{lop criteria f}^o^r
^ev^alu^a^tin^g^application^s^{to addres}^s
ⁿ^a^tion^a^{l, State, an}^{d local con}^s^erv^a^tion
^p^r^io^r^{ities, allo}^wⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r^p^r^io^r^itizatioⁿ^an^d
^g^r^ou^piⁿ^g^of^applⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^s^bas^e^{d on}^cos^t^-
^ef^f^ectiv^en^es^s^,^h^o^w^addres^s^th^{e des}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^ted
^r^e^so^u^r^{ce co}ⁿ^cerⁿ⁽^s)^{, h}^o^w^b^e^{st f}^u^lf^{ills th}^e
^pu^rpos^{e of}^EQ^{IP, an}^{d i}^fⁱ^m^prov^es^con^s^er-
^v^a^tion^practices^{or s}^y^s^t^em^s^.^[S^{ec. 2504]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^Sets^th^{e f}^e^{deral cos}^t^s^h^{are at 90% f}^o^r^Sets^th^{e f}^e^{deral cos}^t^s^h^{are at 90% f}^o^r^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^propos^al^.^[S^{ec. 2503]}
^g/w^en^{ded, allow}^s^lim^{ited res}^o^u^r^{ce an}^d^s^o^ci^al^l^y^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d produ}^cers^.^s^o^ci^al^l^y^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d produ}^cers^.
^s^.orⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^produ^cers^{to receiv}^eⁿ^o^{t m}^o^re^P^r^ov^idesⁱⁿ^creas^{ed f}^e^{deral cos}^t^-^s^h^a^{re of}^A^llow^s^f^o^{r adv}^aⁿ^{ced pay}^m^en^ts^to
^le^ak^{a 90% f}^e^{deral cos}^t^s^h^are.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.⁹⁰^%^fo^r^usi^{ng ga}^si^fi^e^r^t^e^c^hno^l^o^gy^fo^r^cert^aⁱⁿ^pu^rpos^es^.^[S^{ec. 2105(d-e)]}^pu^rch^a^s^e^m^a^terials^an^{d con}^t^ractin^g^.^[Sec.^2353(c)]
^://wiki^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Ex^pan^d^s^pu^rpos^es^f^o^{r i}ⁿ^cen^tⁱ^v^e^Ex^pan^d^s^pu^rpos^es^receivⁱⁿ^g^s^p^ecial^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^ecs^{. 2503.}
^h^ttp^o^v^id^{es in}^cen^tiv^{e p}^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^p^e^r^f^o^r^m^pay^m^en^ts^{: (1) receiv}ⁱⁿ^g^techⁿⁱ^cal^em^ph^as^is^{to in}^clu^d^{e predator s}^p^ecies^{2706 an}^{d 2708]}^In^clu^d^es^s^p^{ecial ru}^le
^d^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^practices^{, w}^ith^s^p^ecial^s^e^rvⁱ^ces^f^r^om^approv^{ed t}^hⁱ^r^{d part}^y^{protected u}ⁿ^d^{er th}^{e En}^dan^g^e^{red Species}^th^{at USDA}^m^a^y^{accord s}ⁱ^gⁿⁱ^fⁱ^can^{ce to}
^ph^as^is^gⁱ^v^eⁿ^{to practices}^th^{at prom}^ote^provⁱ^d^ers^,^{(2) dev}^e^l^opiⁿ^g^a^A^c^{t, g}^r^ay^w^o^lv^es^{, g}^r^izzly^bears^,^an^d^practices^prom^otin^g^resⁱ^du^{e, n}^u^t^rien^{t, air}
^ecifⁱ^{ed g}^o^als^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-2(e)]^c^o^m^p^r^e^he^nsi^v^e^nut^rⁱ^eⁿ^t^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^black^bears^.^[S^{ec. 2353(c)(3)]}^q^u^ality^{, p}^e^{st, an}^dⁱⁿ^v^a^siv^e^sp^ecies
^plan^{, an}^{d (3) im}^plem^en^tin^g^en^erg^y^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^{t; p}^o^llin^ato^r^h^a^b^{itat; an}^d
^ef^fⁱ^cien^cy^an^{d ren}^e^w^a^{ble en}^erg^y^an^im^{al carcas}^s^m^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^techⁿ^o^log^y^.
^p^r^o^j^{ects. P}^o^llin^ato^r^h^a^b^{itats w}^{ill receiv}^e^T^h^{e con}^f^eren^{ce report recog}ⁿⁱ^zes^as
^s^p^{ecial em}^ph^as^is^.^[S^{ec. 2105(f)]}^coⁿ^s^isten^t^w^ith^th^{e p}^u^r^p^o^s^{es o}^f^EQI^P
^optⁱ^oⁿ^s^t^o^det^e^{r predat}^ors^prot^ect^{ed by}
^th^{e En}^dan^g^e^{red Species}^A^c^{t, an}^{d als}^o
^delⁱ^s^t^e^{d popu}^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
^{) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^E^x^t^e^nd^{s t}^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012 t}^h^{e 60%}^of^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^E^x^t^e^nd^{s t}^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012 t}^h^{e 60%}^of
ⁱ^r^es^t^h^at^60%^of^pay^m^en^t^s^g^o^t^o^p^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^liv^esto^ck^p^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^[S^{ec. 2353]}^p^a^y^m^en^{ts to}^liv^esto^ck^p^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ
^{actices r}^e^lated^to^liv^esto^ck^p^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^requ^irem^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2105(g)(2)]}^requ^irem^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2503]}

^irem^en^t.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-2(g)]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Req^u^ir^es^USDA^{to res}^e^rv^{e at leas}^{t 5% of}^A^m^en^ds^th^{e cos}^t^-^s^h^a^{re rate ex}^ception^f^o^r^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r adv}^aⁿ^c^e
^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^fund^{s fo}^r^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^so^cⁱ^a^l^l^y^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^so^cⁱ^a^l^l^y^dⁱ^sa^d^v^aⁿ^t^a^ge^d^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^fo^r^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^ng,^so^cⁱ^a^l^l^y
^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d produ}^cers^f^o^{r at}^l^eas^t⁹⁰^f^a^r^m^er^{s o}^r^r^aⁿ^c^h^e^r^s^to^allo^w^v^a^rⁱ^ab^le^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d an}^{d l}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d res}^o^u^r^ce
^d^a^y^s^a^f^t^e^r^t^h^e^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^fund^{s ha}^ve^b^e^eⁿ^pay^m^en^{t, n}^o^{t to ex}^{ceed 90%, an}^d^f^a^rm^ers^{or ran}^c^h^e^rs^an^{d del}^e^t^e^s
^m^a^{de av}^ailable.^[S^{ec. 2105(g)]}^au^th^ority^{to prov}^{ide adv}^aⁿ^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^Se^na^t^e^p^r^o^vⁱ^sⁱ^o^{n fo}^r^gua^r^a^nt^e^e^d^l^o^aⁿ
^u^p^t^o^30%^f^o^{r t}^h^{e pu}^rch^a^s^e^of^m^a^t^e^ri^al^s^elig^ibility^{. A}^dopts^Sen^a^{te prov}^is^ion^w^ith
^o^r^c^o^nt^r^a^c^tⁱ^ng.^[S^{ec. 2353]}^an^am^en^dm^en^{t f}^o^{r cos}^t^-^s^h^a^{re rates}^an^d
^a^d^va^nc^e^p^a^y^m^eⁿ^t^s^fo^r^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱ^ng,^so^cⁱ^a^l^l^y
^di^s^a^dv^an^t^a^g^e^{d, an}^{d l}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d res}^o^u^r^ce
^f^a^rm^ers^{or ran}^c^h^e^rs^.^[S^{ec. 2503]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Giv^e^{s p}^r^io^r^ity^to^im^p^r^o^vⁱⁿ^g^w^a^ter^{Deletes Sen}^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^an^d^air^q^u^ality^{, u}ⁿ^d^er
^cer^tain^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^{. Req}^u^ir^{es p}^a^r^ticip^an^ts
^t^o^h^a^v^e^/^e^x^p^ect^at^l^eas^t^{$15,000 i}ⁿ^g^r^os^s
^sa^le^{s fr}^o^m^fa^r^m^ing.^[S^{ec. 2353(c)(6)]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}
^g/w^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^ility^to^m^a^r^k^{et ag}^en^cies^an^{d cu}^s^t^om^f^eeders^.^[S^{ec. 2105(h}⁾^]^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s ‘}^p^r^o^d^u^cer^’^elig^ib^ility^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^e^{a cu}^s^t^om^f^eedin^g^bu^sⁱⁿ^e^s^s^an^{d a con}^t^ract^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^an^am^en^d^m^en^{t to}^m^o^dⁱ^f^y^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^.
^s^.or^g^r^ow^{er or f}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^h^er.^[S^{ec. 2352]}^[S^{ec. 2502]}
^le^ak
^://wiki^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^e^{s h}ⁱ^g^h^e^r^p^r^io^r^ity^f^o^r^p^a^r^ticip^atioⁿⁱⁿ^I^d^en^tif^{ies 5}^p^r^io^r^{ities f}^o^r^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^application^s^{. Specif}ⁱ^es^{a s}^t^ream^lin^ed^A^dds^{a h}ⁱ^g^h^e^{r pri}^o^ri^t^y^f^o^{r i}^m^provⁱⁿ^g^con^s^erv^a^tion^practices^{or s}^y^s^t^em^sⁱⁿ^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^t^o^{prioritize State, reg}ⁱ^on^{al, or local}
^h^ttp^{to produ}^cers^u^sⁱⁿ^g^cos^t^-^e^f^f^ectiv^e^ev^alu^a^tioⁿ^p^r^o^{cess f}^o^r^o^p^e^r^a^tioⁿ^s^w^ith^{place at th}^{e tim}^{e of}^th^{e con}^t^{ract of}^f^e^r.^res^o^u^r^{ce con}^cern^s^{, an}^{d to allow}^f^o^{r th}^e
^s^erv^a^tion^practices^an^{d practices}^th^at^sub^s^t^a^ntⁱ^a^l^aⁿ^d^so^und^e^nvi^r^o^nm^eⁿ^t^a^l^[S^{ec. 2354]}^g^r^ou^piⁿ^g^of^applⁱ^catⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^sⁱ^mⁱ^l^a^r
^d^r^{ess n}^a^tioⁿ^a^{l co}ⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^p^r^io^r^ities.^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^sy^st^e^m^{s i}^nvo^l^vⁱ^{ng a}^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^d^ag^ri^cu^l^t^u^{re operat}ⁱ^oⁿ^s^.^[S^{ec. 2502]}
^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-3]ⁿ^u^m^{ber of}^practⁱ^ces^.^[S^{ec. 2105(i}⁾^]
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^d^d^s^to^th^{e p}^l^anⁿⁱⁿ^g^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts th}^e^Iⁿ^c^l^ud^e^s^fo^r^e^st^r^y^l^a^ngua^ge^si^mⁱ^l^a^r^t^o^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e f}^o^res^t^ry^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^[Sec.
^fi^ne^{s t}^h^e^ge^ne^r^a^l^c^o^nt^eⁿ^t^s^o^f^aⁿ^eed^to^b^e^coⁿ^s^isten^t^w^ith^f^o^r^e^{st p}^l^an^s,^Ho^u^s^{e b}^{ill, b}^u^{t also}^allo^w^s^{a p}^r^o^d^u^cer^2502]^{, b}^u^{t str}ⁱ^k^e^{s Sen}^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^oⁿ
^cer’^s^EQ^{IP pl}^an^{, an}^{d cal}^l^s^on^an^{d allow}^s^as^an^{acceptable plan}^o^r^g^aⁿⁱ^zatioⁿ^to^{act o}ⁿ^b^e^h^a^lf^o^f^its^produ^{cer org}^aⁿⁱ^zatⁱ^oⁿ^s^.

^to^av^oⁱ^d^d^u^p^licatioⁿ^w^ith^o^t^h^e^r^coⁿ^s^id^er^atioⁿ^o^f^an^air^o^r^w^a^ter^q^u^ality^m^e^m^b^er^sh^ipⁱⁿ^su^b^m^ittin^g^ap^p^licatioⁿ^s^o^r
^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^l^aⁿ^s.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-5]^perm^{it th}^{at m}^{eet reg}^u^l^atory^requ^irem^en^ts^coⁿ^d^u^c^tin^g^sim^ilar^activ^{ities to}^f^acilitate
^as^an^{acceptable plan}^.^[S^{ec. 2105(k)]}^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^p^a^r^ticip^atioⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2356]}^Al^s^o
^es^tablis^h^e^s^{a C}^h^es^apeak^{e B}^a^y^W^a^ters^h^e^d
^Co^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n P}^r^o^g^r^a^m^und^e^r^E^Q^I^P^t^o
^as^sⁱ^s^t^produ^cersⁱⁿ^applyⁱⁿ^g^con^s^erv^a^tion
^practices^on^ag^ricu^ltu^ral/n^onⁱⁿ^du^s^t^rial
^p^r^iv^{ate f}^o^r^e^stlan^dⁱⁿ^th^{e B}^a^y^w^a^ter^s^h^e^d^to
^addres^sⁿ^a^tu^{ral res}^o^u^r^{ce con}^cern^s^related
^{to ag}^ricu^ltu^{re, f}^uⁿ^d^{ed at $165 m}^illion^f^o^r

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^F^Y^2008-^12.^[S^{ec. 2361]}
^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Lⁱ^{sts 3}^cr^iterⁱ^{a th}^{at m}^u^{st b}^e^m^e^{t b}^e^f^o^r^e^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^{Deletes Ho}^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^USDA^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^,ⁱⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^,^USDA^can^prov^{ide as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce f}^o^r
^{d t}^r^aiⁿⁱⁿ^g^t^o^dev^e^l^{op an}^{d i}^m^pl^em^en^t^practices^w^ith^{a prim}^ary^pu^rpos^{e of}^w^a^ter
^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^l^aⁿ^s.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-6]^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^n.^[S^{ec. 2105 (l}^)]
^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^{ded by}^A^d^d^s^t^o^t^h^e^Co^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n I}^nno^va^tⁱ^oⁿ^A^d^d^s^t^o^t^h^e^Co^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n I}^nno^va^tⁱ^oⁿ^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^rel^a^t^e^{d t}^o^f^o^res^t
^a^rm^{bill, prov}^ides^f^o^{r a}^G^r^an^t^s^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^{er EQ}^{IP. A}^dds^G^r^an^t^s^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^uⁿ^d^{er EQ}^{IP. A}^dds^r^e^so^u^r^{ce m}^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^an^d^air^q^u^ality^.
^m^p^etitiv^{e g}^r^an^{ts p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^w^ithⁱⁿ^EQI^P^,^d^e^{tail o}ⁿ^q^u^{alities o}^f^elig^ib^{le p}^r^o^j^ects,ⁿ^oⁿⁱⁿ^d^u^s^tr^{ial p}^r^iv^{ate f}^o^r^e^{st lan}^d^{s to}^th^e^P^r^ov^ides^$37.^{5 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y
^{a m}^a^tchⁱⁿ^g^b^a^{sis, to}^im^p^l^em^en^t^estab^lish^e^{s a p}^ilo^{t p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^f^o^r^{list o}^f^p^o^t^en^{tial r}^ecipⁱ^en^{ts o}^fⁱⁿⁿ^o^v^a^tiv^e^(FY2009-^{2012) to im}^plem^en^{t air qu}^ality
^va^tⁱ^v^e^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^r^a^c^tⁱ^c^e^s^;^con^s^erv^a^tion^planⁿⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^th^{e C}^h^es^apeak^e^techⁿ^o^lo^gⁱ^{es. A}^d^d^s^tw^o^item^s^to^th^{e list}^pl^an^s^.^[S^{ec. 2509]}^T^h^{e con}^f^eren^ce
^am^ples^lis^{ted are u}^sⁱⁿ^g^m^a^rk^{et s}^y^s^t^em^s^Bay^w^a^t^e^rs^h^e^{d, an}^{d adds}^{a n}^e^w^of^ex^am^ples^{: (1) tran}^s^f^ers^ofⁱⁿⁿ^o^v^a^tiv^e^{report s}^t^ates^con^s^erv^a^tion^prog^ram^s
^o^llu^tioⁿ^r^e^d^u^ctioⁿ^,^an^d^u^sⁱⁿ^g^sub^s^e^c^tio^{n to}^a^{ssist p}^r^o^d^u^c^e^r^{s w}^h^o^a^r^e^t^e^c^hno^l^o^gi^e^s^t^o^noⁿⁱ^nd^ust^rⁱ^a^l^p^rⁱ^v^a^t^e^s^h^ou^{ld recog}ⁿⁱ^{ze th}^{e u}^s^{e of}ⁱⁿⁿ^o^v^a^tiv^e
^o^v^a^tiv^{e practices}^{, s}^u^ch^as^s^t^orin^g^m^eetin^g^s^t^{ate an}^{d local reg}^u^l^atory^air^f^o^r^e^{st lan}^dⁱⁿ^p^r^o^d^u^ctioⁿ^,^an^d⁽²⁾^techⁿ^o^log^y^s^u^ch^as^en^h^aⁿ^{ced ef}^fⁱ^cien^cy
^b^oⁿⁱⁿ^so^{il; n}^o^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^{is sp}^ecifⁱ^ed^.^q^u^ality^r^e^q^u^ir^em^en^{ts. P}^r^o^v^id^{es f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce f}^o^{r s}^p^ecialty^{crop produ}^ction^.^f^e^r^tilizer^s.
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^.^S^.^C^.^3839aa-8]^f^r^om^EQIP^{: $30 m}^illion^{(FY2008) ris}ⁱⁿ^g^[S^{ec. 2358]}
^g/w^{to $75 m}^illion^{(FY2012), w}^ith^s^p^ecifⁱ^ed^f^uⁿ^d^{s f}^o^r^air^q^u^ality^an^d^f^o^r^o^r^g^aⁿⁱ^{c an}^d
^s^.or^s^p^ecialty^{crop produ}^cers^.^[S^{ec. 2105(m}⁾^]
^le^ak
^://wiki^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^{ded by}^a^rm^{bill, creates}^{a Grou}ⁿ^d^an^d^R^e^places^GSW^C^P^w^ith^{a R}^e^gⁱ^on^{al W}^a^ter^En^h^aⁿ^cem^en^{t P}^r^og^ram^{to addres}^s^w^a^ter^Main^tain^{s GSW}^C^P^an^d^p^r^o^v^id^{es an}ⁱⁿ^creas^{e in}^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^r^om^$60m^illion^to^R^e^places^GSW^C^P^w^ith^th^{e A}^g^ricu^ltu^ral^Wat^e^{r En}^h^aⁿ^cem^en^t^P^r^og^ram^(A^WEP⁾
^h^ttp^rf^{ace W}^a^{ter C}^oⁿ^s^erv^a^tion^P^r^og^ram^q^u^ality^{, m}^a^k^e^elig^ib^{le g}^o^v^e^rⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^al^{$65 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^.^P^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^s^fundⁱⁿ^g^uⁿ^d^{er EQIP}^{. P}^r^ov^ides^m^aⁿ^d^atory
^SW^CP⁾^w^ithⁱⁿ^EQI^P^f^o^r^activ^{ities th}^at^en^{tities (}ⁱⁿ^c^lu^dⁱⁿ^g^ir^rⁱ^g^a^tioⁿ^an^d^w^a^ter^f^o^{r each}^s^t^{ate th}^{at receiv}^e^{d f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^uⁿ^d^er^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^:^{$73 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y⁽^F^Y^2009-
^e^su^{lt in}^{a n}^e^{t sav}ⁱⁿ^g^s^o^f^g^r^o^uⁿ^d^o^r^dis^t^ricts⁾^an^{d In}^dian^tribes^{, an}^{d to}^th^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^mⁱⁿ^p^r^ev^io^u^s^y^ear^{s (}^s^im^p^l^e^{2010), $74 m}^illion^(FY2011)^{, an}^{d $60}
^rf^{ace w}^a^{ter; lis}^ts^{6 ty}^pes^of^elig^ible^im^plem^en^{t prog}^ram^on^{a reg}ⁱ^on^{al s}^cale^av^erag^{e of}^f^uⁿ^d^s^provⁱ^d^{ed f}^o^{r F}^Y^2002-^m^illio^{n a}^nnua^lly⁽^F^Y^{2012 an}^{d each}^y^ear
^{ities (}ⁱ^m^p^r^o^v^e^ir^rⁱ^g^a^tioⁿ^sy^stem^{s, f}^o^r^t^h^r^o^{ugh c}^ooperatⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^.^{2007 or t}^h^{e am}^ouⁿ^t^provⁱ^d^{ed i}ⁿ^2007,^th^ereaf^{ter). R}^ecogⁿⁱ^zes^th^{e pu}^rpos^{e as}
^am^{ple), an}^{d prov}^ides^m^aⁿ^d^atory^Ex^p^aⁿ^d^{s th}^{e list o}^f^elig^ib^{le activ}^{ities an}^d^w^h^ich^e^v^e^{r is}^g^r^{eater), ex}^{cept f}^o^{r s}^t^ates^ad^d^r^essin^g^w^a^ter^q^u^ality^/q^u^aⁿ^tity
ⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$25 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2002,^r^e^q^u^ir^{es th}^{e Secr}^etar^y^to^id^en^tif^y^p^r^io^r^ity^o^v^er^th^{e Og}^{allala A}^q^uⁱ^f^e^r^,^w^h^ich^w^ill^coⁿ^cerⁿ^s^oⁿ^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l lan}^d^{, w}^ith^th^e
^owⁱⁿ^g^{to $60 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱⁿ^areas^{. L}ⁱ^s^t^s^{5 priority}^areas^{, w}^h^ich^receiv^eⁿ^o^{t les}^s^th^an^th^{e g}^r^{eater of}^$3^rol^e^of^A^W^EP^partⁿ^e^rs^as^l^e^v^e^ragⁱⁿ^g
^2004-^07.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839-aa-9]^tog^e^th^{er m}^a^y^receiv^eⁿ^o^m^o^{re th}^an^50%^m^illioⁿ^o^r^th^{e av}^er^ag^{e o}^f^f^uⁿ^d^{s p}^r^o^v^id^ed^f^e^{deral f}^uⁿ^d^s^an^{d en}^cou^r^agⁱⁿ^g^produ^cers
^o^f^th^{e av}^ailab^l^{e f}^uⁿ^d^{s. Estab}^lish^e^{s a}^f^o^{r F}^Y^2002-^{2007. Prov}ⁱ^d^es^at^l^eas^t^$20^{to addres}^s^th^es^{e con}^cern^s^{. T}^h^{e Man}^a^g^e^rs
^proces^s^f^o^{r s}^o^lⁱ^cⁱ^tⁱⁿ^g^/^s^e^l^ectⁱⁿ^g^propos^al^s^m^illioⁿ^f^o^r^th^{e Easter}ⁿ^Sn^ak^{e P}^l^ain^{report em}^ph^as^izes^th^{e im}^portan^{ce of}
^an^{d dev}^e^l^opiⁿ^gⁱ^m^pl^em^en^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^Aq^uⁱ^fe^r^.^[S^{ec. 2359]}^a^d^d^r^e^ssi^{ng gr}^o^und^w^a^t^e^r^m^a^na^ge^m^e^ntⁱⁿ
^ag^reem^en^ts^{. P}^r^ov^ides^m^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^d^s^th^{e Og}^{allala r}^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^{, p}^r^o^m^o^tin^g^w^a^ter^u^s^e
^of^{$60 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}²⁰¹²^ef^fⁱ^cien^cy^proj^ects^,^con^v^e^rtin^g^irrig^a^ted
⁽^lim^{its ad}^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tiv^{e ex}^p^eⁿ^s^{es to}ⁿ^o^fa^r^mⁱ^{ng o}^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^o^a^d^r^y^l^aⁿ^d^fa^r^mⁱ^ng;
^m^o^r^e^th^an³^%^o^f^th^{e to}^tal)^.^[S^{ec. 2106]}^an^{d prov}^idin^g^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to con}^s^tru^c^t
^on^f^a^rm^res^e^rv^oi^rs^/ⁱ^rri^g^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^pon^dsⁱⁿ
^d^r^o^ught^-st^rⁱ^c^ke^{n a}^r^e^a^s^.^I^d^eⁿ^tⁱ^fⁱ^e^{s si}^x

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^priority^areas^{: T}^h^{e Eas}^t^ern^Sn^ak^{e P}^l^ain
^A^q^ui^fe^r^r^e^gi^oⁿ^,^P^uge^t^So^und^,^t^h^e
^Og^{allala A}^q^uⁱ^f^e^{r, th}^{e Sacram}^en^{to R}ⁱ^v^e^r
^w^a^t^e^rs^h^e^{d, U}^{pper Mi}^s^sⁱ^s^sⁱ^ppi^Rⁱ^v^e^r
^B^a^si^n,^t^h^e^Re^d^Ri^ve^r^o^f^t^h^e^N^o^r^t^{h B}^a^si^n,
^an^{d th}^{e Ev}^erg^l^ades^.^[S^{ec. 2510]}^Follow^s
^sam^e^p^a^y^m^en^{t lim}^{its as u}ⁿ^d^er^EQI^P^.
^[S^{ec. 2508]}^P^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^{a tr}^an^sitioⁿ
^p^e^rⁱ^o^d^f^o^r^th^{e ex}^istin^g^GSW^C^P^th^r^o^u^g^h
^S^e^pt^em^{ber 30, 2008.}^[S^{ec. 2903]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded^Lⁱ^s^t^s^th^{e Klam}^ath^Rⁱ^v^e^{r bas}ⁱⁿ^as^on^{e of}^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^{Deletes Ho}^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^th^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill, prov}^ides^$50^th^{e 5}^listed^p^r^io^r^ity^ar^{eas u}ⁿ^d^er^th^e
ⁿ^to^car^r^y^o^u^{t w}^a^ter^coⁿ^s^er^v^a^tioⁿ^R^e^gⁱ^on^{al W}^a^{ter En}^h^aⁿ^cem^en^{t P}^r^og^ram^.⁽^No^te^{: T}^h^{e Klam}^ath^B^a^sin^{is listed}^{as 1}^o^f
^{ities in}^th^{e Klam}^ath^Riv^e^r^b^a^sin^[S^{ec. 2106 (b)(2)]}¹⁴^p^r^io^r^ity^ar^{eas in}^th^{e P}^a^r^tⁿ^e^r^s^hⁱ^p^s^an^d
^R,^CA⁾^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^{3839aa-9(c)(2)]}^C^ooperatⁱ^oⁿ^Prog^ram^;^s^{ee abov}^e.)
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}
^g/w^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^N^o^com^p^arabl^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^A^dds^prog^ram^at^en^{d of}^EQ^{IP t}^o^as^sⁱ^s^t^fa^r^m^e^r^{s w}^h^o^a^r^e^c^o^nve^r^tⁱ^{ng t}^o^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^c^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^In^cl^u^d^es^org^aⁿⁱ^{c practices}^as^elig^{ible m}^aⁿ^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t
^s^.or^produ^ctⁱ^oⁿ^(wⁱ^t^h^con^t^ract^s^of^3-^{4 y}^ears⁾^.^sy^stem^{s an}^d^lim^{its p}^a^y^m^en^{t to}^an
^le^ak^Pay^m^en^t^s^{are l}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d t}^o^{$20,000 per y}^ear.^ag^g^r^eg^at^{e of}^{$80,000 i}ⁿ^an^y^6-^y^ear
^://wiki^[S^{ec. 2360]}^peri^od.^[S^ecs^{. 2501 an}^{d 2503]}
^h^ttp^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^A^u^th^o^r^{izes EQI}^P^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^:^$¹^.²⁵^b^illioⁿ^A^u^th^o^r^{izes EQI}^P^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^:^$¹^.²⁷^b^illioⁿ^P^r^o^v^id^{es ad}^d^itioⁿ^a^{l b}^u^d^g^{et au}^th^o^r^ity^.
^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^E^Q^I^P^fundⁱ^ng,^rⁱ^si^{ng fr}^o^m^{(FY2008), $1.}^{6 billion}^(F^{Y2009), $1.7}^a^nnua^l^l^y⁽^F^Y^2008-^{09), $1.3}^billion^each^A^u^th^o^r^{izes EQI}^P^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^:^$¹^.²^b^illioⁿ
ⁱⁿ^{FY2002 to $1.3 billion}ⁱⁿ^billion^(FY2010)^{, $1.8 billio}ⁿ^(FY2011),^(F^Y^2010-^F^Y^2012).^[S^{ec. 2401(a)(7)]}^{(FY2008); $1.337}^billion^(FY2009);
^2010.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3841(a)(6)]^an^{d $2 billio}ⁿ^(FY2012).^[S^{ec. 2401(d)]}^{$1.45 billion}^(FY^{2012); $1.588}^billion
^{(FY2011); an}^{d $1.75}^billion^(FY2012).
^[S^{ec. 2701]}
^l^aⁿ^d^Protecti^oⁿ^Program
^{e 1996 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1238H}^R^eau^th^orizes^prog^ram^,^an^{d ren}^a^m^e^s^to^R^eau^th^orizes^th^{e prog}^ram^.^Modifⁱ^es^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^t^h^e^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^ugh^2012,
^th^{e FSA}^to^au^th^o^r^{ize th}^{e Far}^m^lan^d^F^a^rm^an^{d R}^aⁿ^c^h^l^an^{d Prot}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^Prog^ram^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^o^f^elig^ib^{le f}^o^r^e^{st lan}^d^{, an}^d^bu^t^doesⁿ^o^t^ren^a^m^e^prog^ram^.^C^h^an^g^e^s
^ot^e^c^tⁱ^oⁿ^Pr^og^r^a^m⁽^F^PP)^,^de^fⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g⁽^F^RP^P⁾^{. Ex}^p^aⁿ^d^{s elig}^ib^{le lan}^d^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^m^a^k^e^{s elig}^ib^{le o}^t^h^e^r^lan^d^th^{at is n}^eed^ed^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^rativ^{e requ}^irem^en^ts^{, apprais}^a^l
^ib^{le en}^tity^{, lan}^d^{, I}ⁿ^dⁱ^an^tr^ib^{es, an}^d^{to in}^clu^d^{e h}ⁱ^s^t^{oric an}^{d arch}^aeologⁱ^cal^f^o^{r ef}^fⁱ^cien^{t adm}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ration^of^an^m^e^th^odolog^y^,^an^{d term}^s^an^{d con}^d^ition^s
^ram^s^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3838h^-i^]^Th^e^r^e^so^u^r^{ces. States w}^{ill b}^e^cer^tif^ied^eas^em^en^t^.^C^h^an^g^e^s^pu^rpos^{e of}^prog^ram^of^cooperatⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^{. A}^dopt^s
^ram^,^as^am^en^{ded, prov}ⁱ^d^es^f^o^{r t}^h^e^(rev^iew^e^{d ev}^ery^{3 y}^ears⁾^{to participate}^f^r^o^m^p^r^o^t^ectin^g^to^p^s^o^{il to}^“^p^r^o^tectin^g^term^s^/^con^d^ition^s^f^o^{r cooperativ}^e
^rch^a^s^e^of^con^s^erv^a^tion^eas^em^en^ts^to^an^{d receiv}^e^prog^ram^f^uⁿ^d^s^bas^e^{d on}⁴^ag^ricu^ltu^{ral u}^s^{e an}^{d related con}^s^erv^a^tion^ag^r^eem^en^{ts sim}^ilar^to^Sen^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^o^t^{ect to}^p^s^o^{il b}^y^lim^itin^g^th^{e lan}^d^’^s^lis^{ted requ}^irem^en^ts^{. States}^m^a^y^s^p^en^{d u}^p^v^a^lu^es^{.” A}^ddsⁿ^e^w^requ^irem^en^ts^f^o^r^C^l^ari^fⁱ^e^s^t^h^{e pu}^rpos^{e of}^t^h^{e prog}^ram^as
^na^grⁱ^c^ul^t^u^r^a^l^use^s^sub^j^e^c^t^t^o^a^p^e^ndⁱⁿ^g^to¹⁰^%^o^f^fund^{s fo}^r^a^d^mⁱ^nistr^a^tive^c^o^sts.^cooperatⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^wⁱ^t^h^partⁱ^cⁱ^p^an^t^s^,^p^r^o^t^ectin^g^lan^d^f^o^r^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l u}^s^{e b}^y

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^f^e^{r. T}^h^{e f}^e^{deral cos}^t^m^a^yⁿ^o^{t ex}^ceed^Lⁱ^{sts ter}^m^{s an}^d^coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^f^o^r^ag^r^eem^en^ts^cos^t^-^s^h^a^riⁿ^g^,^an^{d prot}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^of^t^h^{e f}^e^deral^lⁱ^mⁱ^tⁱⁿ^gⁿ^oⁿ^a^g^rⁱ^-^cu^l^t^u^ral^u^s^es^{. A}^dopt^s
^th^{e v}^a^lu^{e of}^th^{e eas}^em^en^{t; th}^e^w^ith^elig^ib^{le en}^{tities (}^r^e^vⁱ^ew^ed^ev^er^y³ⁱⁿ^v^e^stm^eⁿ^t^{. A}^llo^w^s^USDA^to^en^terⁱⁿ^to^Sen^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^to^m^o^dⁱ^f^y^th^{e d}^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ
^lu^{e of}^{a ch}^{aritable don}^ation^by^th^e^y^ears⁾^{. P}^r^ov^ides^th^{at USDA}^m^a^y^requ^ire^cooperatⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^wⁱ^t^h^elⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^o^f^elig^ib^{le lan}^d^toⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e f}^o^r^e^stlan^d^an^d
^{ller m}^a^yⁿ^o^{t ex}^{ceed 25% of}^th^{e v}^a^lu^e^{a con}^tin^g^eⁿ^t^rig^h^t^{to en}^f^o^{rce eas}^em^en^t,^en^{tities u}ⁿ^d^er^cer^tain^cir^c^u^m^stan^{ces, an}^d^o^t^h^e^r^lan^d^th^{at co}ⁿ^t^rⁱ^b^u^{tes to}^th^{e eco}ⁿ^o^-
^th^{e easem}^en^{t. I}^f^m^u^ltip^{le ap}^p^licatioⁿ^s^an^{d requ}^ires^th^{e u}^s^{e of}^{a con}^s^erv^a^tion^requⁱ^r^es^t^h^{e prot}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^of^f^e^deralⁱⁿ^v^e^s^t^-^mⁱ^{c v}ⁱ^ab^ility^o^f^an^o^p^e^r^a^tioⁿ^.^Estab^lish^e^s
^p^{arable, USDA}^m^a^yⁿ^o^{t u}^s^{e cos}^t^pl^an^f^o^{r h}ⁱ^g^h^l^y^erodi^bl^{e cropl}^an^d.^m^e^nt^t^h^r^o^{ugh a}ⁿ^e^x^e^c^u^t^o^r^y^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^a^tⁱ^o^n.^{a cer}^tif^icatioⁿ^p^r^o^{cess sim}^ilar^to^th^e
ⁿ^{e to}^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^{e w}^h^ich^oⁿ^{es w}^{ill b}^e^Re^t^aⁱⁿ^{s a}^fe^d^e^r^a^l^c^o^ntⁱ^nge^nt^rⁱ^ght^o^f^Lⁱ^m^its^th^{e am}^ouⁿ^t^USDA^can^s^h^{are in}^Ho^u^s^{e b}^{ill f}^o^r^{all elig}^ib^{le en}^{tities. T}^o
^e^d^.^en^f^o^r^cem^en^{t o}^r^ex^ecu^to^r^y^lim^itatioⁿⁱⁿ^an^th^{e cos}^t^s^of^pu^rch^a^sⁱⁿ^g^th^{e eas}^em^en^{t to}^b^eco^m^e^cer^tif^ied^,^en^{tities m}^u^{st h}^a^v^e^th^e
^eas^em^en^{t to en}^s^u^{re its}^en^f^o^rcem^en^t.^50%^of^t^h^{e apprai}^s^e^{d f}^aⁱ^r^m^a^rk^et^v^a^l^u^e^au^th^ority^an^{d res}^o^u^r^ces^{to en}^f^o^rce
^P^r^ov^ides^cos^t^-^s^h^a^{re as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce f}^o^r^aⁿ^d^e^s^t^a^b^lⁱ^s^he^{s m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^a^m^o^unt^s^eas^em^en^ts^{, polices}ⁱⁿ^{place th}^{at are}
^pu^rch^a^sⁱⁿ^g^an^eas^em^en^{t, bu}^{t as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^en^{tities p}^a^y^b^a^sed^oⁿ^th^{e am}^o^uⁿ^t^o^f^coⁿ^s^isten^t^w^ith^th^{e p}^u^r^p^o^s^{es o}^f^th^e
^m^a^yⁿ^o^{t ex}^{ceed 50% of}^th^{e apprais}^e^{d f}^a^ir^l^a^nd^o^w^ne^r^c^o^nt^rⁱ^b^u^tⁱ^o^ns.^Re^q^uⁱ^r^e^s^prog^ram^,^an^{d clear procedu}^r^es^{to protect}
^m^a^rk^{et v}^a^lu^{e of}^th^{e eas}^em^en^{t. T}^h^{e f}^a^ir^apprai^s^a^l^s^bas^e^{d on}^uⁿⁱ^f^o^rm^s^t^an^dards^of^th^{e in}^teg^r^ity^o^f^th^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^Iⁿ^clu^d^{es a}
^m^a^r^k^{et v}^a^lu^{e is d}^e^ter^mⁱⁿ^ed^b^y^an^prof^es^sⁱ^on^al^apprai^s^a^l^practⁱ^{ce or an}^y^lim^{it on}^im^perv^iou^s^s^u^rf^aces^con^s^is^ten^t
^apprai^s^a^l^u^sⁱⁿ^g^anⁱⁿ^du^s^t^ry^-^a^pprov^ed^ot^h^e^{r i}ⁿ^du^s^t^ry^-^approv^{ed s}^t^an^dard.^w^ith^ag^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l activ}^{ities, an}^d^clar^if^ies
^m^e^t^h^od.^[S^{ec. 2110]}^[S^{ec. 2371]}^ag^reem^en^{t term}^s^f^o^{r certif}^{ied an}^{d n}^oⁿ^-
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^cer^tif^ied^en^tities.^[S^{ec. 2401-2402]}
^g/w
^s^.or^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^M^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^t^h^e^r^e^na^m^e^d^Fa^r^m^M^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^t^h^e^FP^Pⁱ^s^P^r^o^v^id^{es ad}^d^itioⁿ^a^{l b}^u^d^g^{et au}^th^o^r^ity^.
^le^ak^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^t^h^e^P^{at; $50 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2002, $100}^an^{d R}^aⁿ^c^h^l^an^{d Prot}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^Prog^ramⁱ^s^au^th^{orized at; $125 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2008,^au^th^{orized at $97 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^fr^o^m^F^Y^{2008 t}^h^ro^{ugh FY}^2012.^[Sec.^A^u^th^orizes^FP^P^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^:^{$97 m}^illion^{(FY2008); $121 m}^illion^(FY2009);
^://wikiⁱⁿ^{FY2003, $125 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{d FY2005,}^{$100 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{$150 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2009, $200 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2010, $240 m}^illionⁱⁿ^{FY2011, an}^d^2401(a)(5)]^{$150 m}^illion^(FY^{2010); $175}^m^illion^{(FY2011); an}^{d $200}^m^illion^(FY2012).
^h^ttp^{d $97 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2007.^{$280 m}^illionⁱⁿ^FY2012.^[S^{ec. 2401(c)]}^[S^{ec. 2701]}
^.^S^.^C^.^3841(a)(4)]
^as^s^l^an^d^R^e^s^{erve Program}
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1238N}^{Sets th}^{e GRP}^en^r^o^llm^en^{t ceilin}^g^{at an}^A^d^d^s^d^e^fⁱⁿ^itioⁿ^s^{: elig}^ib^{le en}^tity^{, elig}^ib^le^A^dopt^s^an^acreag^{e en}^rol^l^m^en^t^g^o^al^of^an
^th^{e FSA}^{to au}^th^{orize th}^{e Gras}^s^l^an^ds^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l 1}^.³⁴^m^illioⁿ^acr^{es, w}^ith^{at least}^lan^d^{, an}^{d perm}^an^en^{t con}^s^erv^a^tion^addition^a^{l 1.22 m}^illion^acres^by^2012.
^v^{e P}^r^o^g^r^a^m⁽^G^RP⁾^,^settin^g^{60% of}^th^es^{e acres}^{to be en}^{rolled u}^sⁱⁿ^g^easem^en^{t. Elig}^ib^{le en}^tity^an^d^au^th^o^r^ity^In^cl^u^d^es^10-^{, 15-}^{, an}^{d 20-}^y^{ear ren}^t^al
^xⁱ^m^u^m^en^r^o^llm^en^{t f}^o^r^{at 2}^.⁰^m^illioⁿ^{30 y}^{ear ren}^t^{al ag}^reem^en^ts^an^{d eas}^em^en^ts^.^w^o^u^l^d^allo^w^f^o^r^USDA^to^en^ter^con^t^racts^an^{d perm}^an^en^{t eas}^em^en^ts^.
^{(all en}^{rolled parcels}ⁱⁿ^{at leas}^{t 40}^[S^{ec. 2104(a) an}^{d (b)]}^cooperativ^{e ag}^reem^en^ts^w^ith^en^tities^to^{Deletes Ho}^u^s^{e p}^r^io^r^ity^f^o^r⁶⁰^%^o^f
^tig^u^o^u^s^acres^{). R}^e^qu^ires^{40% of}^lan^d^pu^rch^a^s^e^eas^em^en^ts^{. P}^r^ov^ides^f^o^{r GR}^P^acreag^{e in}^lon^g^term^con^t^racts^;^retain^s
^rol^l^e^{d i}ⁿ^10-^{20 y}^{ear, an}^{d 60%}ⁱⁿ³⁰^eⁿ^r^o^l^l^m^eⁿ^t^o^p^tⁱ^o^{ns t}^h^r^o^{ugh a}³⁰^y^e^a^r^l^a^w^t^h^at^60%^of^f^uⁿ^d^s^w^o^u^l^{d be}
^reem^en^ts^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.³⁸³⁸ⁿ^]^con^t^{ract, 30 y}^{ear eas}^em^en^{t, an}^d^{dedicated to eas}^em^en^ts^{, w}^h^{ile 40% of}
^perm^an^en^{t eas}^em^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2381]}^f^uⁿ^d^s^w^o^u^l^{d be dedi}^cat^{ed t}^o^s^h^ort^t^e^rm
^con^t^racts^.^A^dopts^Sen^a^{te def}ⁱⁿ^ition^of
^elig^ib^{le en}^tity^{, au}^th^o^r^ity^{, an}^d^elig^ib^le
^l^aⁿ^d^(wⁱ^t^h^t^echⁿⁱ^cal^correctⁱ^oⁿ^s^{). A}^dopt^s
^{a p}^r^io^r^ity^f^o^r^en^r^o^llm^en^{t o}^f^CRP^lan^d

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^w^ith^{a m}^o^dⁱ^fⁱ^catioⁿ^to^clar^if^y^th^{at th}^e
^p^r^io^r^ity^ap^p^{lies u}^p^oⁿ^ex^pⁱ^r^a^tioⁿ^o^f^th^e
^C^R^P^con^t^ract.^[S^{ec. 2403]}
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^A^llo^w^s^USDA^to^tr^an^sf^er^cer^tain^lan^d^A^llo^w^s^USDA^to^tr^an^sf^er^cer^tain^lan^d^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^reg^a^rdiⁿ^g^t^h^e
^cu^r^r^eⁿ^tlyⁱⁿ^th^{e CRP}ⁱⁿ^to^th^{e GRP}^,^b^u^t^cu^r^r^en^tlyⁱⁿ^th^{e CRP}^to^b^e^tr^an^sf^er^r^e^d^to^m^e^th^o^d^f^o^r^d^e^ter^mⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^f^a^ir^m^a^r^k^{et v}^a^lu^e
^lim^{its th}^{e to}^{tal in}^an^y^calen^d^a^r^y^ear^toⁿ^o^{a perm}^an^en^{t eas}^em^en^{t u}ⁿ^d^{er GR}^P^,^bu^t^w^ith^{a tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal correction}^.^[S^{ec. 2403]}
^m^o^{re th}^an^{10% of}^GR^P^acres^en^rolled.^lim^{its th}^{e to}^{tal tr}^an^sf^er^r^e^dⁱⁿ^an^y^calen^d^a^r
^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^p^a^y^th^{e lo}^w^e^{st o}^f^f^o^u^r^y^ear^to¹⁰^%^o^f^th^{e to}^{tal f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^av^ailab^l^e
^s^p^ecifⁱ^{ed w}^a^y^s^{to calcu}^{late f}^a^{ir m}^a^rk^et^f^o^{r th}^{e GR}^Pⁱⁿ^th^{at y}^ear.^[S^{ec. 2381]}
^va^l^u^e^.^[S^{ec. 2104(c)]}
^of^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^Specifⁱ^es^lan^dowⁿ^e^{r du}^ties^an^{d USDA}^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^s^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^.
^ecifⁱ^es^th^{e du}^ties^an^{d requ}^irem^en^ts^of^con^s^ideration^sⁱⁿ^ev^alu^a^tin^g^of^f^e^rs^.^[S^{ec. 2403]}
^d^o^wⁿ^e^r^sⁱⁿ^th^{e GRP}^,^ter^m^{s o}^f^Specifⁱ^es^h^o^w^{to determ}ⁱⁿ^{e com}^p^en^s^a^tion
^em^en^ts^an^{d ag}^reem^en^ts^{, an}^{d h}^o^w^lev^e^ls^an^{d tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce. Specif}ⁱ^es
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^s^{are to be ev}^alu^a^ted.^[16^ter^m^s/coⁿ^d^itioⁿ^s^th^{at ap}^p^l^y^to^GRP
^g/w^S^.^C^.^3838o]^coⁿ^t^r^acts/easem^en^{ts, su}^ch^{as p}^e^r^m^itted^an^{d proh}ⁱ^bⁱ^t^e^{d u}^s^es^{, m}ⁱⁿⁱ^m^u^m^requⁱ^r^e-
^s^.or^m^eⁿ^t^s^f^o^{r cooperat}ⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^{, an}^d
^le^ak^o^t^he^r^c^o^nsi^d^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^ns.^[S^{ec. 2381]}
^://wiki^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^A^u^th^orizes^{a Gras}^s^l^an^ds^R^e^s^e^rv^e^No^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.^{Deletes Ho}^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.
^h^ttp^En^h^aⁿ^cem^en^{t P}^r^og^ram^.^[S^{ec. 2104 (d)]}
^{(a) of}^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^Req^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^tr^an^sf^er^th^{e title o}^f^an^P^r^o^v^id^{es au}^th^o^r^ity^f^o^r^USDA^to^en^ter^A^dopt^s^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^en^dm^en^t^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ
^w^s^USDA^to^tr^an^sf^er^th^{e title o}^f^an^eas^em^en^{t to a priv}^{ate org}^aⁿⁱ^zation^s^{or a}ⁱⁿ^t^o^cooperatⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^wⁱ^t^h^elⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^e^f^o^{r cooperat}ⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^bet^w^een
^em^en^{t in}^th^{e GR}^P^{to a s}^t^{ate or priv}^ate^s^t^ate.^[S^{ec. 2104 (e)]}^en^{tities f}^o^r^th^o^s^{e en}^{tities to}^p^u^r^c^h^a^se,^USDA^an^d^elig^ib^{le en}^{tities w}^ith^a
^gaⁿⁱ^z^a^tⁱ^o^n.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3838q(a)]^owⁿ^,^en^f^o^{rce, an}^{d m}^oⁿ^{itor eas}^em^en^ts^.^m^o^dⁱ^fi^c^a^tⁱ^o^{n t}^o^t^h^e^l^a^ngua^ge^sp^e^cⁱ^fyⁱⁿ^g
^[S^{ec. 2381]}^th^{at elig}^ib^{le en}^{tities sh}^{all assu}^m^e^co^{sts o}^f
^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^erin^g^an^{d en}^f^o^rcin^g^eas^em^en^ts^.
^A^dopt^s^{a requ}ⁱ^r^em^en^t^f^o^{r a con}^tⁱⁿ^g^eⁿ^t
^rig^h^t^of^en^f^o^rcem^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2403]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^{No com}^p^{arable prov}^is^ion^.^T^o^t^a^l^G^R^{P f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^lⁱ^mⁱ^t^e^{d t}^o^$240^{Deletes Sen}^a^{te p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^.

^{its f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r^th^{e GRP}^to^{a to}^{tal o}^f^m^illion^f^o^{r FY2008-}^{12, w}^ithⁿ^o^acreag^e
^illioⁿ^f^r^om^FY2003-^07.^[16⁽^No^te^:^{Sets acr}^eag^{e en}^r^o^llm^en^{t lim}^{it in}^en^r^o^llm^en^{t lim}^it.^[S^{ec. 2401(a)(6]}
^S^.^C^.^3841(a)(5)]^GRP^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^{, b}^u^{t n}^o^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^lim^it.)

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
ⁱ^l^d^lⁱ^f^{e Hab}ⁱ^{tat I}ⁿ^cen^ti^ves^Program
^{e 1996 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1240N}^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^W^H^I^P^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012;^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^W^H^I^P^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012;^Lⁱ^m^{its p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^elig^ib^ility^to^f^o^cu^{s o}ⁿ
^th^{e FSA}^to^au^th^o^r^{ize W}^ild^lif^{e Hab}^itat^allo^w^s^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^{l f}^uⁿ^d^{s to}^b^e^u^s^ed^toⁱⁿ^cr^{eases p}^o^r^tioⁿ^o^f^f^uⁿ^d^{s f}^o^r^loⁿ^g^-^ter^m^l^a^nd^{s ‘’fo}^r^t^h^e^d^e^ve^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^wⁱ^l^d^lⁱ^f^e
^cen^tiv^{es P}^r^o^g^r^a^m⁽^W^HI^P⁾^{, p}^r^o^v^idⁱⁿ^g^m^{eet reg}^u^l^atory^requ^irem^en^ts^th^at^ag^reem^en^t^s^f^r^om^15%^t^o^25%^of^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^;^h^a^b^{itat o}ⁿ^p^r^iv^{ate ag}^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^{l lan}^d^,
^t^-^s^h^a^riⁿ^g^t^o^l^aⁿ^dowⁿ^e^rs^w^h^{o i}^m^prov^e^“^r^edu^ces^th^{e econ}^o^mⁱ^{c s}^c^{ope of}^th^e^r^e^q^u^ir^{es USDA}^to^gⁱ^v^e^p^r^io^r^ity^toⁿ^oⁿⁱⁿ^d^u^s^tr^{ial p}^r^iv^{ate f}^o^r^e^{st lan}^d^{, an}^d
^b^{itat, w}^ith^u^p^to¹⁵^%^o^f^th^{e to}^{tal m}^a^d^e^produ^cer’^s^operation^;^{” in}^creas^es^portion^proj^ects^th^{at f}^o^s^t^{er th}^{e g}^o^als^of^s^t^ate,^tr^ib^{al lan}^d^{s.” Raises lim}^{it o}ⁿ^co^st-^s^h^a^r^e
^{ailable in}^an^y^y^ears^f^o^{r ag}^reem^en^ts^th^at^of^f^uⁿ^d^s^f^o^{r lon}^g^-^term^ag^reem^en^ts^f^r^om^r^e^gⁱ^oⁿ^{al, an}^dⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^{l f}ⁱ^sh^an^d^w^ild^lif^e^pay^m^en^t^s^f^o^{r l}^oⁿ^g^-^t^e^rm^proj^ect^s^t^o^25%
^g^e^{r th}^an^{15 y}^ears^.^15%^t^o^25%^of^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^.^[S^{ec. 2112]}^c^o^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n p}^l^aⁿ^s.^[S^{ec. 2393]}^an^{d l}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^s^t^o^t^a^l^pay^m^en^t^s^t^o^{$50,000 per}
^.^S^.^C^.^3839bb-1]^y^ear^{. A}^llo^w^s^USDA^to^p^r^o^v^id^{e p}^r^io^r^ity
^{to proj}^ects^th^{at addres}^s^is^s^u^es^rais^{ed by}
^{State, reg}ⁱ^on^{al, an}^{d n}^a^tion^a^{l con}^s^erv^a^tion
ⁱⁿ^itiativ^es.^[S^{ec. 2602]}
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^{, as}^am^en^ded,^M^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^W^H^I^Pⁱ^s^Sim^ilar^to^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2012 at}
^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng r}^aⁱ^sⁱⁿ^g^au^th^{orized at $85 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^[S^{ec. 2401(a)(8)]}^c^u^r^r^e^nt^l^e^ve^l^s^.^[S^{ec. 2701]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^{$15 m}^illion^{to $60 m}^illion^betw^een^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2401(e)]}
^g/w^{04, an}^d^{$85 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^Y^2005-^07).^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3841(a)(7)]
^s^.or
^le^ak^{er C}^oⁿ^s^ervati^oⁿ^Program^s
^://wiki^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded th}^{e FSA}^to^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^Re^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^z^e^s^t^h^e^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^ugh^2012.
^h^ttp^o^v^id^{e g}^r^an^{ts to}^im^p^l^em^en^{t a Far}^m^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2111]}^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2396]}^[S^{ec. 2402]}
^ility^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^A^u^th^o^r^izes
^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^“^s^u^c^h^s^u^m^s^as^are
^c^e^ssa^r^y^”^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2007.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.
^]
^{e 1996 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec.}^Ex^ten^d^{s au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^Ex^ten^d^{s au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^Ex^ten^d^{s au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^t^o^au^t^h^ori^{ze t}^h^e^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2108]}^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2392]}^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2601]}
^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^P^rⁱ^v^a^t^e^G^r^a^zⁱ^{ng La}^nd
^ram^.^A^u^t^h^ori^zes^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^of
^illion^a^nnua^l^l^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2007.
^.^S^.^C^,^3839bb(e)]
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1240O}^A^u^th^orizes^{$20 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱⁿ^A^u^th^orizes^{$20 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱⁿ^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2603]}

^th^{e FSA}^{to au}^th^{orize a Gras}^s^r^oots^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^f^uⁿ^d^s^(F^Y^2008-^{12) an}^d^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^(F^Y^2008-^12).
^u^r^{ce W}^a^ter^P^r^o^t^ectioⁿ^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^to^on^e-^tim^{e f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^of^{$10 m}^illionⁱⁿ^[S^{ec. 2394]}
^sⁱ^s^t^s^t^{ate ru}^{ral w}^a^{ter as}^s^o^ciation^s^th^at^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng t}^o^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^a^v^aⁱ^l^a^b^l^e
^e^r^a^{te w}^e^llh^ead^an^d^g^r^o^uⁿ^d^w^a^ter^uⁿ^{til sp}^en^t.^[S^{ec. 2107]}

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^ectⁱ^oⁿ^prog^ram^s^{. A}^u^t^h^ori^zes
^p^r^o^p^r^ia^tio^{ns o}^f^$⁵^m^illio^{n a}^nnua^lly
^o^{ugh FY}^2007.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3839bb-2]
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1240P}^Ex^ten^d^{s au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^Ex^ten^d^{s au}^th^o^r^izatioⁿ^o^f^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^R^eau^th^orizes^prog^ram^,^an^{d au}^th^orizes^$5
^th^{e FSA}^{to au}^th^{orize a Great L}^a^k^e^s^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2109]}^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012;^s^p^eci^fⁱ^es^prog^ram^wⁱ^l^l^m^illio^{n a}^nnua^lly^FY^2008-^2012.
^ram^f^o^{r S}^oⁱ^l^Erosⁱ^oⁿ^an^{d S}^e^di^m^eⁿ^t^h^e^lp^im^p^l^em^en^{t r}^eco^m^m^eⁿ^d^atioⁿ^s^o^f^a^[S^{ec. 2604]}
ⁿ^t^r^o^{l, an}^d^p^r^o^v^id^{es $}⁵^m^illioⁿ^co^llab^o^r^ativ^{e r}^e^sto^r^atioⁿ^str^a^teg^y^{, g}ⁱ^vⁱⁿ^g
^l^l^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2007.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^p^r^io^r^ity^to^cer^tain^p^r^o^j^ects.^[S^{ec. 2395]}^.
^t^h^{e F}^e^deral^C^r^op^A^d^d^s^Haw^a^{ii an}^d^Vir^gⁱⁿ^{ia to}^th^{e list o}^f^R^eau^th^orizes^th^{e prog}^ram^th^rou^g^h^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^t^o
^s^u^ran^{ce A}^c^{t au}^th^orizes^an^A^g^ricu^ltu^ral^elig^ib^{le states. A}^llo^{cates 5}⁰^%^o^f^f^uⁿ^d^{s to}^F^Y^2012;^adds^Idah^{o t}^o^t^h^{e l}ⁱ^s^t^of^elⁱ^gⁱ^b^l^eⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e Haw}^a^{ii as}^an^elig^{ible State.}
^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^A^ssi^st^aⁿ^c^e⁽^A^M^A⁾^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^USDA^’^s^{NRCS; 1}⁰^%^to^A^g^rⁱ^cu^ltu^r^a^l^s^t^ates^.^[S^{ec. 2601]}^P^r^ov^ides^an^addition^a^{l $25m}^illionⁱⁿ
^r^listed^{states th}^{at h}^a^v^e^hⁱ^sto^r^{ic lo}^w^M^a^r^k^e^tⁱ^{ng Se}^r^vⁱ^c^e⁽^f^o^r^o^r^gaⁿⁱ^c^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^(F^Y^2008-^2012).
^r^ticip^atioⁿ^r^a^{tes in}^th^{e Fed}^e^r^a^{l Cr}^o^p^certif^ication^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce); an}^{d 40% to th}^e^[S^{ec. 2801]}
ⁱ^{ki/CRS-RL34696}^s^u^ran^{ce P}^r^og^ram^.^{[7 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1524(b)]^Ri^{sk M}^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^A^g^eⁿ^c^y^.^[S^{ec. 2201]}
^g/w^{. 1528-}^{1537 of}^t^h^{e 1981 f}^a^rm^bi^l^l^A^m^en^ds^R^C^&^D^prog^ram^t^o^provⁱ^d^{e a}^Sim^ilar^to^Ho^u^s^{e p}^r^o^v^isioⁿ^,^clar^if^yⁱⁿ^g^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^.^[S^{ec. 2805]}
^s^.or^g^rⁱ^c^u^l^t^u^{re an}^{d F}^{ood A}^c^t^of^{1981, P.L}^.^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^{ted coordin}^a^{tor to as}^sⁱ^s^t^each^th^{at an}^{area plan}^m^u^s^t^{be dev}^e^loped
^le^ak^{7) au}^t^h^ori^zes^t^h^{e R}^e^s^o^u^r^ce^approv^{ed area. Elim}ⁱⁿ^ates^requ^irem^en^t^t^h^r^o^{ugh a}^l^o^c^a^l^l^y^l^e^d^p^r^o^c^e^ss,^aⁿ^d^t^h^a^t^t^h^e
^://wiki^nse^r^va^tⁱ^o^{n a}ⁿ^d^D^e^ve^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^C^&^D⁾^t^o^dev^e^l^{op an}^{d i}^m^pl^em^en^t^a^to^su^b^m^{it a p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^ev^alu^a^tioⁿ^to^th^e^Hou^s^{e an}^{d Sen}^a^{te A}^g^ricu^ltu^re^p^l^aⁿⁿⁱ^{ng p}^r^o^c^e^ss,^aⁿ^d^t^h^a^t^t^h^e^p^l^aⁿⁿⁱ^ng^proces^s^m^u^s^t^{be con}^d^u^c^t^e^{d by}^{a l}^o^cal
^h^ttpⁱ^on^{al plan}^{to addres}^s^con^s^erv^a^tion^,^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^ees^bef^o^{re Ju}ⁿ^e^{30, 2005.}^co^uⁿ^c^{il. P}^r^o^v^id^{es f}^o^r^{a co}^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^to^r^to
^t^e^r^/^l^a^nd^m^a^na^ge^m^e^nt^,^o^r^c^o^m^m^uni^t^y^[S^{ec. 2202]}^im^prov^{e tech}ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce to cou}ⁿ^c^ils^,
^e^l^opm^en^t^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1528-1527]^as^desⁱ^gⁿ^a^t^e^{d by}^U^S^D^A^.^[S^{ec. 2605]}
⁾^of^t^h^{e Wat}^e^rs^h^e^{d Prot}^ectⁱ^oⁿ^A^u^th^orizes^{$50 m}^illion^a^nnua^l^l^yⁱⁿ^A^u^th^orizes^s^u^ch^s^u^m^s^asⁿ^eces^s^a^ryⁱⁿ^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^an^{d prov}ⁱ^d^es
^{d F}^l^{ood Prev}^en^tⁱ^oⁿ^A^c^t^(P.L^{. 106-}⁴⁷²⁾^m^aⁿ^d^at^ory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^(F^Y^2009-^12);^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fundⁱ^{ng a}^nnua^l^l^y⁽^F^Y^2008-^{$100 m}^illionⁱⁿ^m^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^r
^th^orizes^dis^c^retion^a^ry^an^{d m}^aⁿ^d^atory^ex^t^eⁿ^d^s^F^Y^{2007 di}^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^12).^[S^{ec. 2604]}^F^Y^{2009 t}^o^rem^aⁱⁿ^av^ai^l^a^bl^{e u}ⁿ^tⁱ^l
ⁱ^{ng fo}^r^a^Sm^a^l^l^W^a^t^e^r^s^he^d^l^e^ve^l^t^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^2012.^[S^{ec. 2203]}^ex^pen^d^ed.^[S^{ec. 2803]}
^a^b^ilitatioⁿ^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^1012]
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec.}^A^nnua^l^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^r^e^gi^oⁿ^a^l^e^q^ui^t^yⁱ^s^A^nnua^l^fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^r^e^gi^oⁿ^a^l^e^q^ui^t^yⁱ^s^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^.
^t^h^{e F}^S^A^t^o^au^t^h^ori^{ze a}^rais^{ed to at leas}^{t $15 m}^illion^[S^{ec. 2404]}^rais^{ed to at leas}^{t $15 m}^illion^,^an^{d crop}^[S^{ec. 2703]}

^ram^t^o^prom^ot^{e reg}ⁱ^on^al^equⁱ^t^y^,ⁱⁿ^s^u^ran^{ce pay}^m^en^ts^{are added to th}^is
ⁱⁿ^g^each^s^t^{ate a total of}^{at leas}^{t $12}^calcu^latioⁿ^.^Dir^{ects USDA}^to^u^p^d^a^te
^{n a}^nnua^lly^fr^o^m^c^e^r^ta^{in m}^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^s^t^{ate allocation}^f^o^rm^u^l^as^.^[S^{ec. 2402]}
^ram^s^.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3841d]

^P^RIO^R^L^AW^/P^OLI^C^Y^H^OU^S^E^-P^ASSED^B^I^LL^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^S^E^NAT^E^-P^ASSED^S^UB^ST^IT^UT^E^A^M^E^N^D^M^EN^T^(H.R.²⁴¹⁹⁾^E^NACT^E^D²⁰⁰⁸^F^ARM^B^I^LL^(P.L^.^110-246)
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1242 of}^Ex^pan^d^s^u^s^{e of}^t^hⁱ^r^{d part}^y^provⁱ^d^ers^Ex^pan^d^s^u^s^{e of}^t^hⁱ^r^{d part}^y^provⁱ^d^ers^A^dopt^s^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^provⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s
^to^au^th^o^r^{ize d}^e^liv^er^y^o^f^u^sⁱⁿ^g^con^t^racts^.^Specifⁱ^es^prov^iders^u^sⁱⁿ^g^con^t^racts^.^Directs^USDA^to^reg^a^rdin^g^th^{e deliv}^ery^of^techⁿⁱ^cal
ⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce directly}^{or u}^sⁱⁿ^g^a^sh^o^u^ld^g^e^{t at least p}^r^ev^ailin^g^m^a^r^k^et^d^e^v^e^lo^pⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^{l cer}^tif^icatioⁿ^cr^iterⁱ^{a an}^d^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce.^[S^{ec. 2706]}
^r^{d part}^y^provⁱ^d^{er an}^{d s}^p^eci^fⁱ^es^h^o^w^r^a^{tes, calls f}^o^r^{a r}^e^vⁱ^ew^/u^p^d^a^{te o}^f^all^approv^{e es}^tablis^h^e^{d s}^t^{ate s}^t^an^dards^.
ⁱ^d^ers^{are t}^o^{be approv}^{ed by}^U^S^D^A^.^techⁿⁱ^{cal as}^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce s}^p^ecifⁱ^cation^s^,^P^r^o^v^id^{es f}^und^{ing thr}^o^{ugh each}
^t^h^ori^zes^cooperatⁱ^v^{e ag}^reem^en^t^s^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^clu^dⁱⁿ^g^th^{e n}^eeds^of^s^p^ecialty^crop^con^s^erv^a^tion^prog^ram^,^s^p^ecifⁱ^es
ⁿ^-^f^e^d^e^r^a^{l en}^{tities to}^p^r^o^v^id^{e tech}ⁿⁱ^cal^produ^cers^.^[S^{ec. 2402]}^miⁿⁱ^mu^{m a}ⁿ^d^ma^xⁱ^mu^{m c}^oⁿ^t^r^a^c^t^t^e^r^m^s^,
^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce.^{[16 U}^.^S^.^C^.^3842]^a^m^o^{ng o}^t^he^r^c^o^nsi^d^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^ns.^Iⁿ^c^l^ud^e^s
^sim^ilar^p^r^o^v^isioⁿ^s^f^o^r^sp^ecialty^cr^o^p
^p^r^o^d^u^cer^{s as th}^{e Ho}^u^s^{e b}^ill.^[S^{ec. 2404]}
^{e 2002 f}^a^rm^{bill am}^en^{ded Sec. 1244(a)}^Ex^pan^d^s^acces^s^{to prog}^ramⁱⁿ^cen^tiv^es^to^R^e^qu^ires^USDA^{to dev}^e^{lop a s}^t^ream^lin^ed^A^dopt^s^H^o^u^s^{e prov}ⁱ^sⁱ^oⁿ^wⁱ^t^h^ch^an^g^e^s^t^o
^th^{e FSA}^to^au^th^o^r^{ize USDA}^to^p^r^o^v^id^eⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e s}^o^cially^dis^a^dv^an^tag^e^{d an}^d^application^proces^s^f^o^{r con}^s^erv^a^tionⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e certain}^acreag^{e lim}^itation^s^an^d
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